February 2018 BRAS Newsletter
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Educator's Guide: Orion
Legends of the Night Sky Orion Educator’s Guide Grades K - 8 Written By: Dr. Phil Wymer, Ph.D. & Art Klinger Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………....3 Constellations; General Overview……………………………………..4 Orion…………………………………………………………………………..22 Scorpius……………………………………………………………………….36 Canis Major…………………………………………………………………..45 Canis Minor…………………………………………………………………..52 Lesson Plans………………………………………………………………….56 Coloring Book…………………………………………………………………….….57 Hand Angles……………………………………………………………………….…64 Constellation Research..…………………………………………………….……71 When and Where to View Orion…………………………………….……..…77 Angles For Locating Orion..…………………………………………...……….78 Overhead Projector Punch Out of Orion……………………………………82 Where on Earth is: Thrace, Lemnos, and Crete?.............................83 Appendix………………………………………………………………………86 Copyright©2003, Audio Visual Imagineering, Inc. 2 Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Introduction It is our belief that “Legends of the Night sky: Orion” is the best multi-grade (K – 8), multi-disciplinary education package on the market today. It consists of a humorous 24-minute show and educator’s package. The Orion Educator’s Guide is designed for Planetarians, Teachers, and parents. The information is researched, organized, and laid out so that the educator need not spend hours coming up with lesson plans or labs. This has already been accomplished by certified educators. The guide is written to alleviate the fear of space and the night sky (that many elementary and middle school teachers have) when it comes to that section of the science lesson plan. It is an excellent tool that allows the parents to be a part of the learning experience. The guide is devised in such a way that there are plenty of visuals to assist the educator and student in finding the Winter constellations. -
1. (A) Give the Equation Which Represents Stefan's Law for a Black
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. (a) Give the equation which represents Stefan’s law for a black body source of radiation, defining the symbols used. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) (i) The space probe Voyager I is travelling out of the solar system and is, at present, approximately 8000 × 106 km from the Sun. The power source on board is a nuclear generator providing 400 W. If this power had to be obtained from solar panels, calculate the area of the solar panels which would be necessary. power received on Earth from the Sun = 1400 Wm–2 distance of the Earth from the Sun = 150 × 106 km ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... -
Three Editions of the Star Catalogue of Tycho Brahe*
A&A 516, A28 (2010) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014002 & c ESO 2010 Astrophysics Three editions of the star catalogue of Tycho Brahe Machine-readable versions and comparison with the modern Hipparcos Catalogue F. Verbunt1 andR.H.vanGent2,3 1 Astronomical Institute, Utrecht University, PO Box 80 000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] 2 URU-Explokart, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80 115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Institute for the History and Foundations of Science, PO Box 80 000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands Received 6 January 2010 / Accepted 3 February 2010 ABSTRACT Tycho Brahe completed his catalogue with the positions and magnitudes of 1004 fixed stars in 1598. This catalogue circulated in manuscript form. Brahe edited a shorter version with 777 stars, printed in 1602, and Kepler edited the full catalogue of 1004 stars, printed in 1627. We provide machine-readable versions of the three versions of the catalogue, describe the differences between them and briefly discuss their accuracy on the basis of comparison with modern data from the Hipparcos Catalogue. We also compare our results with earlier analyses by Dreyer (1916, Tychonis Brahe Dani Scripta Astronomica, Vol. II) and Rawlins (1993, DIO, 3, 1), finding good overall agreement. The magnitudes given by Brahe correlate well with modern values, his longitudes and latitudes have error distributions with widths of 2, with excess numbers of stars with larger errors (as compared to Gaussian distributions), in particular for the faintest stars. Errors in positions larger than 10, which comprise about 15% of the entries, are likely due to computing or copying errors. -
Stars: Interdisciplinary Exploration Unit 3
ANCHORAGE MUSEUM STARS: INTERDISCIPLINARY EXPLORATION UNIT 3. STARS BACKGROUND INFORMATION KEY TERMS The sun is arguably the most important ingredient for life on Earth. Our sun Star: a hot, dense ball of gaseous material that emits light created by nuclear is one of billions upon billions of stars in the universe. Studying these objects fusion reactions can reveal how our universe, stars, and even planets and life on Earth, have evolved over billions of years. In this unit, you will learn about what stars are Nuclear fusion: the process by which multiple nuclei join together to form a made out of and how they are important factories for seeding the universe with heavier nucleus; this process takes place at the center of all stars and releases most elements found on the periodic table. energy in the form of heat and light STUDENTS WILL: Nebula: a giant cloud of gas and dust out in space; often, nebula are both the birthplaces for stars and the remains left after a star dies • Investigate the composition and anatomy of stars • Learn about the life cycle of stars and stellar evolution Protostar: a dense, hot core of gas and dust, not yet hot enough to start • Explore the night sky and discover examples of different types of stars nuclear fusion; this object is almost a star but has not started nuclear fusion MATERIALS ACTIVITIES • Computer or tablet with internet connection This lesson provides four activity sets and explains each of them in detail • Stars Challenge Activity Sheet on the following pages. Activities should be completed in order. -
Basic Astronomy Labs
Astronomy Laboratory Exercise 31 The Magnitude Scale On a dark, clear night far from city lights, the unaided human eye can see on the order of five thousand stars. Some stars are bright, others are barely visible, and still others fall somewhere in between. A telescope reveals hundreds of thousands of stars that are too dim for the unaided eye to see. Most stars appear white to the unaided eye, whose cells for detecting color require more light. But the telescope reveals that stars come in a wide palette of colors. This lab explores the modern magnitude scale as a means of describing the brightness, the distance, and the color of a star. The earliest recorded brightness scale was developed by Hipparchus, a natural philosopher of the second century BCE. He ranked stars into six magnitudes according to brightness. The brightest stars were first magnitude, the second brightest stars were second magnitude, and so on until the dimmest stars he could see, which were sixth magnitude. Modern measurements show that the difference between first and sixth magnitude represents a brightness ratio of 100. That is, a first magnitude star is about 100 times brighter than a sixth magnitude star. Thus, each magnitude is 100115 (or about 2. 512) times brighter than the next larger, integral magnitude. Hipparchus' scale only allows integral magnitudes and does not allow for stars outside this range. With the invention of the telescope, it became obvious that a scale was needed to describe dimmer stars. Also, the scale should be able to describe brighter objects, such as some planets, the Moon, and the Sun. -
A Simple Method of Determining Archaeoastronomical Alignments in the Field
A Simple Method of Determining Archaeoastronomical Alignments in the Field TIMOTHY P. SEYMOUR STEPHEN J. EDBERG As an aid in achieving this goal, we have EDITOR'S NOTE: While it is not nor developed the following simplified algebraic mally our policy to publish papers of a purely expressions, derived from spherical trigo methodological nature, the following paper is nometry, which can be used to determine useful to archaeologists with an interest in whether or not a celestial object (such as the archaeoastronotny and can be employed in sun, moon, or particular star) of possible sig making observations of the type described in nificance will rise or set at a point on the the preceding paper. horizon indicated by an apparent alignment. The only field equipment required consists of ECAUSE of the recent interest on the a surveyor's transit, a book of trigonometric B part of archaeologists in the possible tables or hand calculator with trigonometric astronomical significance of various archaeo functions, and an inexpensive star atlas. In logical features, field archaeologists are addition, a great deal of preliminary analysis beginning to look for possible archaeoastro can be accomplished prior to going into the nomical alignments with ever-increasing field with nothing more complex than a topo vigilance. This awareness has resulted in a graphic map and a protractor. number of notable discoveries in the past Two equations are used in the calculations; several years and promises many more as one is a simplified version of the other. Which research continues. However, archaeologists equation is more appropriate will depend upon in the field face a number of problems in their the topographic conditions prevailing at the efforts to identify and describe such sites, not site. -
The Milky Way the Milky Way's Neighbourhood
The Milky Way What Is The Milky Way Galaxy? The.Milky.Way.is.the.galaxy.we.live.in..It.contains.the.Sun.and.at.least.one.hundred.billion.other.stars..Some.modern. measurements.suggest.there.may.be.up.to.500.billion.stars.in.the.galaxy..The.Milky.Way.also.contains.more.than.a.billion. solar.masses’.worth.of.free-floating.clouds.of.interstellar.gas.sprinkled.with.dust,.and.several.hundred.star.clusters.that. contain.anywhere.from.a.few.hundred.to.a.few.million.stars.each. What Kind Of Galaxy Is The Milky Way? Figuring.out.the.shape.of.the.Milky.Way.is,.for.us,.somewhat.like.a.fish.trying.to.figure.out.the.shape.of.the.ocean.. Based.on.careful.observations.and.calculations,.though,.it.appears.that.the.Milky.Way.is.a.barred.spiral.galaxy,.probably. classified.as.a.SBb.or.SBc.on.the.Hubble.tuning.fork.diagram. Where Is The Milky Way In Our Universe’! The.Milky.Way.sits.on.the.outskirts.of.the.Virgo.supercluster..(The.centre.of.the.Virgo.cluster,.the.largest.concentrated. collection.of.matter.in.the.supercluster,.is.about.50.million.light-years.away.).In.a.larger.sense,.the.Milky.Way.is.at.the. centre.of.the.observable.universe..This.is.of.course.nothing.special,.since,.on.the.largest.size.scales,.every.point.in.space. is.expanding.away.from.every.other.point;.every.object.in.the.cosmos.is.at.the.centre.of.its.own.observable.universe.. Within The Milky Way Galaxy, Where Is Earth Located’? Earth.orbits.the.Sun,.which.is.situated.in.the.Orion.Arm,.one.of.the.Milky.Way’s.66.spiral.arms..(Even.though.the.spiral. -
Astronomy Handbook
ASTRONOMY HANDBOOK 63 Table of Contents Section 1 – The Night Sky Purple Section 2 – The North Polar Sky Green Secton 3 – The Winter Sky Pink Section 4 – The Spring Sky Yellow Section 5 – The Summer Sky Blue Section 6 – The Autumn Sky Orange Section 7 – Other Information Red 64 Section 1 – The Night Sky Table of Contents Page Subject Myths & Legends included? 2 Teaching Astronomy - 4 A Little History - 6 The Universe & Milky Way Estonian 9 The Stars & Our Sun Greek, Native American, Scandinavian 16 The Planets Greek, Native American 25 The Moon Native American, Chinese 36 Asteroids, Comets, Meteoroids Native American 39 Greek & Roman Gods - 40 Constellations: An Intro Native American 65 Teaching Astronomy Most schools that come to TOS like to take astronomy. It’s a great opportunity for the kids to sit quietly, look at stars and planets that they may not be able to see in a town or city, and listen to myths and legends about the night sky. This information offers a good foundation to astronomy. Please read it and absorb as much as you can before you arrive. During training we will concentrate on learning constellations and the stories associated with them. Astronomy lasts an hour-and-a-half. We will usually start off with a few games (which we will also show you during training) to burn off some of the kids’ energy, and to wait for it to get dark. Once the stars come out, you will gather your team and find somewhere around camp to look at the night sky. -
The Formation and Assembly History of the Milky Way Revealed by Its Globular Cluster Population J
MNRAS 000,1–22 (2018) Preprint 5 September 2018 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 The formation and assembly history of the Milky Way revealed by its globular cluster population J. M. Diederik Kruijssen,1? Joel L. Pfeffer,2 Marta Reina-Campos,1 Robert A. Crain2 and Nate Bastian2 1Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum f¨urAstronomie der Universit¨atHeidelberg, M¨onchhofstraße 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, United Kingdom Accepted 2018 June 12. Received 2018 June 8; in original form 2018 March 25 ABSTRACT We use the age-metallicity distribution of 96 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) to infer the for- mation and assembly history of the Milky Way (MW), culminating in the reconstruction of its merger tree. Based on a quantitative comparison of the Galactic GC population to the 25 cosmological zoom-in simulations of MW-mass galaxies in the E-MOSAICS project, which self-consistently model the formation and evolution of GC populations in a cosmological con- text, we find that the MW assembled quickly for its mass, reaching f25; 50g% of its present-day halo mass already at z = f3; 1:5g and half of its present-day stellar mass at z = 1:2. We recon- struct the MW’s merger tree from its GC age-metallicity distribution, inferring the number of mergers as a function of mass ratio and redshift. These statistics place the MW’s assembly rate among the 72th-94th percentile of the E-MOSAICS galaxies, whereas its integrated prop- erties (e.g. -
Re-Affirming the Connection Between the Galactic Stellar Warp and The
A&A 472, L47–L50 (2007) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077813 & c ESO 2007 Astrophysics Letter to the Editor Re-affirming the connection between the Galactic stellar warp and the Canis Major over-density M. López-Corredoira1 ,Y.Momany2,S.Zaggia2, and A. Cabrera-Lavers1,3 1 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/.Vía Láctea, s/n, 38200 La Laguna (S/C de Tenerife), Spain e-mail: [email protected] 2 INAF – Oss. Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 3 GTC Project Office, C/.Vía Láctea, s/n, 38200 La Laguna (S/C de Tenerife), Spain Received 8 May 2007 / Accepted 27 July 2007 ABSTRACT Aims. We aim to understand the real nature of the stellar overdensity at southern galactic latitudes in the region of CMa. Methods. We perform a critical re-analysis and discussion of recent results presented in the literature which interpret the CMa over- density as the signature of an accreting dwarf galaxy or a new substructure within the Galaxy. Several issues are addressed. Results. We show that arguments against the “warp” interpretation are based on an erroneous perception of the Milky Way. There is nothing anomalous with colour–magnitude diagrams on opposite sides of the average warp mid-plane being different. We witnessed the rise and fall of the blue plume population, first attributed to young stars in a disrupting dwarf galaxy and now discarded as a nor- mal disc population. Similarly, there is nothing anomalous in the outer thin+thick disc metallicities being low (−1 < [Fe/H] < −0.5), and spiral arms (as part of the thin disc) should, and do, warp. -
44 Closest Stars and How They Compare to Our Sun
44 CLOSEST STARS AND HOW THEY COMPARE TO OUR SUN R = Solar radius (a unit of distance to express the size of stars relative to the sun) L = Solar luminosity (a unit of radiant flux used SUN System/constellation to compare the luminosity of stars, galaxies, Solar System Potential planets and other celestial objects in terms of the sunʼs output) 8 Distance From Earth 8.317 light-minutes EARTH 1R (432,288 miles) s) -year (light Proxima Centauri TH EAR Alpha Centauri OM E FR 1 ANC DIST 4.244 light-years 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10 25 0.1542R 0.00005L L <=0.0001 α Centauri A (Rigil Kentaurus) 1 Alpha Centauri L 4.365 light-years 1.223R 1.519 L α Centauri B (Toliman) 5 Alpha Centauri light-years 4.37 light-years 0.863R 0.5002L Bernard’s Star Ophiuchus 1 5.957 light-years 0.196R 0.0035L Wolf 359 (CN Leonis) Leo 2 7.856 light-years 0.16R 0.0014L Lalande 21185 Ursa Major 1 8.307 light-years 0.393R 0.026L Sirius A Canis Major Luyten 726-8A 8.659 light-years Cetus 1.711 R 25.4L 8.791 light-years 0.14R 0.00004L Sirius B Canis Major 8.659 light-years Luyten 726-8B 0.0084R 0.056L Cetus 8.791 light-years 0.14R 0.00004L Ross 154 Sagittarius 9.7035 light-years 0.24R 0.0038L 10 light-years Epsilon Eridani Eridanus Ross 248 2 Andromeda 10.446 light-years 10.2903 light-years 0.735R 0.34L 0.16R 0.0018L Lacaille 9352 Piscis Austrinus 3 10.7211 light-years Ross 128 0.47R 0.0367L Virgo 1 EZ Aquarii A 11 light-years Aquarius 61 Cygni A 0.1967R 0.00362L 11.1 light-years Cygnus 0.175R 0.000087L 3 (part of triple star system) 11.4 light-years -
The Pulsation Properties of Procyon A
Dartmouth College Dartmouth Digital Commons Dartmouth Scholarship Faculty Work 11-1-1999 The Pulsation Properties of Procyon A Brian Chaboyer Dartmouth College P. Demarque Yale University D. B. Guenther Saint Mary's University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/facoa Part of the Stars, Interstellar Medium and the Galaxy Commons Dartmouth Digital Commons Citation Chaboyer, Brian; Demarque, P.; and Guenther, D. B., "The Pulsation Properties of Procyon A" (1999). Dartmouth Scholarship. 2275. https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/facoa/2275 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Work at Dartmouth Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dartmouth Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Dartmouth Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Astrophysical Journal, 525:L41±L44, 1999 November 1 q 1999. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. THE PULSATION PROPERTIES OF PROCYON A Brian Chaboyer Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755-3528; [email protected] P. Demarque Department of Astronomy and Center for Solar and Space Research, Yale University, Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101; [email protected] and D. B. Guenther Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada; [email protected] Received 1999 August 13; accepted 1999 September 1; published 1999 October 5 ABSTRACT A grid of stellar evolution models for Procyon A has been calculated. These models include the best physics available to us (including the latest opacities and equation of state) and are based on the revised astrometric mass of Girard et al.