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Project Cyclops : a Design Study of a System for Detecting
^^^^m•i.j . --f'v.i^ "^y^-!^ A Design Study of a System for Detecting Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life '• >..-, i,C%' PREPARED UNDER STANFORD /NASA /AMES RESEARCH CENTER >J^1t> 1971 SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGr CR 114445 (Revised Edition 7/73) Available to the public rB' ^ A Design Study of a System for Detecting Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life PREPARED UNDER STANFORD/ NASA/AMES RESEARCH CENTER 1971 SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGN Further copies of this report may be obtained by writing to Dr. John Billingham NASA/ Ames Research Center, Code LT Moffett Field, California 94035 weixesunr colligc LWRART CYCLOPS PEOPLE Co-Directors: Bernard M. Oliver Stanford University (Summer appointment) John Billingham Ames Research Center, NASA System Design and Advisory Group: James Adams Stanford University Edwin L. Duckworth San Francisco City College Charles L. Seeger New Mexico State University George Swenson University of Illinois Antenna Structures Group: Lawrence S. Hill California State College L.A. John Minor New Mexico State University Ronald L. Sack University of Idaho Harvey B. Sharfstein San Jose State College Pennsylvania Alan 1. Soler University of Receiver Group: Washington Ward J. Helms University of William Hord Southern Illinois University Pierce Johnson University of Missouri C. ReedPredmore Rice University Transmission and Control Group: Marvin Siegel Michigan State University Jon A. Soper Michigan Technological University Henry J. Stalzer, Jr. Cooper Union Signal Processing Group: Jonnie B. Bednar University of Tulsa Douglas B. Brumm Michigan Technological University James H. Cook Cleveland State University Robert S. Dixon Ohio State University Johnson Luh Purdue University Francis Yu Wayne State University /./ la J C, /o ) •»• < . -
Characterization of the Gaseous Companion Κ Andromedae B⋆
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Characterization of the gaseous companion κ Andromedae b. New Keck and LBTI high-contrast observations Bonnefoy, M.; et al., [Unknown]; Thalmann, C. DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201322119 Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bonnefoy, M., et al., U., & Thalmann, C. (2014). Characterization of the gaseous companion κ Andromedae b. New Keck and LBTI high-contrast observations. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 562, A111. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322119 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:23 Sep 2021 A&A 562, A111 (2014) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322119 & c ESO 2014 Astrophysics Characterization of the gaseous companion κ Andromedae b? New Keck and LBTI high-contrast observations?? M. -
The 3-Dimensional Architecture of the Upsilon Andromedae Planetary System
Draft version August 14, 2018 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 04/17/13 THE 3-DIMENSIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE υ ANDROMEDAE PLANETARY SYSTEM Russell Deitrick Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA Rory Barnes Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA Barbara McArthur Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA Thomas R. Quinn Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA Rodrigo Luger Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA Adrienne Antonsen Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA and G. Fritz Benedict Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA (Dated:) Draft version August 14, 2018 ABSTRACT The Upsilon Andromedae system is the first exoplanetary system to have the relative inclination of two planets' orbital planes directly measured, and therefore offers our first window into the 3- dimensional configurations of planetary systems. We present, for the first time, full 3-dimensional, dynamically stable configurations for the 3 planets of the system consistent with all observational constraints. While the outer 2 planets, c and d, are inclined by ∼ 30◦, the inner planet's orbital plane has not been detected. We use N-body simulations to search for stable 3-planet configurations that are consistent with the combined radial velocity and astrometric solution. We find that only 10 trials out of 1000 are robustly stable on 100 Myr timescales, or ∼ 8 billion orbits of planet b. Planet b's orbit must lie near the invariable plane of planets c and d, but can be either prograde or retrograde. -
Radio Astronomy
Edition of 2013 HANDBOOK ON RADIO ASTRONOMY International Telecommunication Union Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations *38650* CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Printed in Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 730 6141 Geneva, 2013 E-mail: [email protected] ISBN: 978-92-61-14481-4 Edition of 2013 Web: www.itu.int/publications Photo credit: ATCA David Smyth HANDBOOK ON RADIO ASTRONOMY Radiocommunication Bureau Handbook on Radio Astronomy Third Edition EDITION OF 2013 RADIOCOMMUNICATION BUREAU Cover photo: Six identical 22-m antennas make up CSIRO's Australia Telescope Compact Array, an earth-rotation synthesis telescope located at the Paul Wild Observatory. Credit: David Smyth. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. - iii - Introduction to the third edition by the Chairman of ITU-R Working Party 7D (Radio Astronomy) It is an honour and privilege to present the third edition of the Handbook – Radio Astronomy, and I do so with great pleasure. The Handbook is not intended as a source book on radio astronomy, but is concerned principally with those aspects of radio astronomy that are relevant to frequency coordination, that is, the management of radio spectrum usage in order to minimize interference between radiocommunication services. Radio astronomy does not involve the transmission of radiowaves in the frequency bands allocated for its operation, and cannot cause harmful interference to other services. On the other hand, the received cosmic signals are usually extremely weak, and transmissions of other services can interfere with such signals. -
Astrophysics in 2006 3
ASTROPHYSICS IN 2006 Virginia Trimble1, Markus J. Aschwanden2, and Carl J. Hansen3 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, Las Cumbres Observatory, Santa Barbara, CA: ([email protected]) 2 Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Organization ADBS, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304: ([email protected]) 3 JILA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309: ([email protected]) Received ... : accepted ... Abstract. The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords: cosmology: general, galaxies: general, ISM: general, stars: general, Sun: gen- eral, planets and satellites: general, astrobiology CONTENTS 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Up 6 1.2 Down 9 1.3 Around 10 2. Solar Physics 12 2.1 The solar interior 12 2.1.1 From neutrinos to neutralinos 12 2.1.2 Global helioseismology 12 2.1.3 Local helioseismology 12 2.1.4 Tachocline structure 13 arXiv:0705.1730v1 [astro-ph] 11 May 2007 2.1.5 Dynamo models 14 2.2 Photosphere 15 2.2.1 Solar radius and rotation 15 2.2.2 Distribution of magnetic fields 15 2.2.3 Magnetic flux emergence rate 15 2.2.4 Photospheric motion of magnetic fields 16 2.2.5 Faculae production 16 2.2.6 The photospheric boundary of magnetic fields 17 2.2.7 Flare prediction from photospheric fields 17 c 2008 Springer Science + Business Media. -
The Baryon Halo of the Milky Way: a Fossil Record of Its Formation Joss Bland-Hawthorn1 and Ken Freeman2
T HE M ILKY W AY 26. A. Udalski et al., Acta Astron. 43, 289 (1993). Proceedings of the Third Stromlo Symposium, B. Gib- 37. R. Williams et al., Astron J. 112, 1335 (1996). 27. C. Alard, S. Mao, J. Guibert, Astron. Astrophys. 300, son, T. Axelrod, M. Putnam, Eds. (Astronomical Soci- 38. R. Peccei and H. Quinn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440 L17 (1996). ety of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, 1999), pp. (1977). 28. C. Alcock et al., Astrophys. J. 499, L9 (1998). 503Ð514]. Theoretical investigations of what could 39. P. Sikivie Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1415 (1983). 29. A. Becker et al., in preparation; C. Alcock et al.,in be learned from this proposed survey are described 40. C. Hagmann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2043 (1998). preparation. by A. Gould [Astrophys. J. 517, 719 (1999)] and by N. 41. I thank my colleagues on the MACHO Project for 30. K. Sahu, Nature 370, 275 (1994). Evans and E. Kerins (preprint available at http:// their help and advice. Everything I know in this 31. D. Zaritsky and D. Lin, Astron J. 114, 2545 (1998). xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9909254). field has been learned through working with them. 32. H.-S. Zhao, in Proceedings of the Third Stromlo Sym- 35. B. Hansen, Nature 394, 860 (1998); Astrophys. J. 520, I also thank M. Merrifield, B. Sadoulet, and K. van posium, B. Gibson, T. Axelrod, M. Putnam, Eds. (As- 680 (1999). tronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, 36. R. Ibata et al., Astrophys. J. -
The Origins and Development of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, 1959-1971 Sierra E
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2012 "A cosmic Rorschach test": The origins and development of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, 1959-1971 Sierra E. Smith James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Sierra E., ""A cosmic Rorschach test": The origins and development of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, 1959-1971" (2012). Masters Theses. 334. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/334 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “A Cosmic Rorschach Test”: The Origins and Development of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, 1959-1971 Sierra E. Smith A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History May 2012 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis committee who has gone above and beyond the call of duty to guide me through this process. Despite being dragged into the twentieth century, Dr. Alison Sandman, my thesis director, helped articulate the ideas for my project far better than I could have alone. Thought-provoking conversations with Dr. Kevin Borg ensured that I thought broadly and deeply about both my project and my future plans. Dr. Steven Guerrier’s open door and enthusiasm for my project has been a constant throughout my graduate experience. -
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) - the Next Steps (34Th Symposium) (IAA.1.1) (A4.) SETI I - Technical Aspects (1.)
56th International Astronautical Congress 2005 Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) - The Next Steps (34th Symposium) (IAA.1.1) (A4.) SETI I - Technical Aspects (1.) Author Dr. Douglas A. Vakoch The SETI Institute, United States, [email protected] ADVANTAGES OF ACTIVE SETI Abstract This paper will examine the potential benefits of Active SETI, a prospect raised in the Project Cyclops report, which noted “if our first search of the nearest 1000 target stars produced negative results we might wish to transmit beacons to these stars for a year or more before carrying the search deeper into space” (p. 153). Renewed discussion of that possibility is particularly timely in light of the recent completion of Project Phoenix, which surveyed nearly 1000 nearby stars. It has often been argued that the young age of human civilization, when compared to the older age of any extraterrestrial civilization we may contact, justifies our reliance on passive SETI as opposed to transmitting. Because transmission is more costly and requires longer timescales to succeed, the argument goes, we should be expected to take the easier role. However, this reasoning presupposes that the motivations of extraterrestrial civilizations are sufficiently benevolent that they will transmit de novo rather than only in reciprocation, and that they choose to make contact even prior to learning that we desire contact. This paper examines an alternative scenario, in which entry into the Galactic Club requires initiative on the part of the applicant, rather than passively waiting for an invitation. It proposes a solution to the troubling possibility that many civilizations are listening but none is transmitting. -
Pulsating Low-Mass White Dwarfs in the Frame of New Evolutionary Sequences I
A&A 569, A106 (2014) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201424352 & c ESO 2014 Astrophysics Pulsating low-mass white dwarfs in the frame of new evolutionary sequences I. Adiabatic properties A. H. Córsico1,2 andL.G.Althaus1,2 1 Grupo de Evolución Estelar y Pulsaciones. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina 2 IALP – CONICET, Argentina e-mail: acorsico,[email protected] Received 6 June 2014 / Accepted 31 July 2014 ABSTRACT Context. Many low-mass white dwarfs with masses M∗/ M ∼< 0.45, including the so-called extremely low-mass white dwarfs (M∗/ M ∼< 0.20−0.25), have recently been discovered in the field of our Galaxy through dedicated photometric surveys. The sub- sequent discovery of pulsations in some of them has opened the unprecedented opportunity of probing the internal structure of these ancient stars. Aims. We present a detailed adiabatic pulsational study of these stars based on full evolutionary sequences derived from binary star evolution computations. The main aim of this study is to provide a detailed theoretical basis of reference for interpreting present and future observations of variable low-mass white dwarfs. Methods. Our pulsational analysis is based on a new set of He-core white-dwarf models with masses ranging from 0.1554 to 0.4352 M derived by computing the non-conservative evolution of a binary system consisting of an initially 1 M ZAMS star and a 1.4 M neutron star. We computed adiabatic radial ( = 0) and non-radial ( = 1, 2) p and g modes to assess the dependence of the pulsational properties of these objects on stellar parameters such as the stellar mass and the effective temperature, as well as the effects of element diffusion. -
(Extra)Terrestrial Intelligence Soviet Radio Astronomers, Scientific Internationalism and Outer Space Imaginary
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Hugmynda- og vísindasaga Communication with (Extra)Terrestrial Intelligence Soviet Radio Astronomers, Scientific Internationalism and Outer Space Imaginary Ritgerð til MA-prófs í History of Ideas and Science Gabriela Radulescu Kt.: 240489-3769 Leiðbeinandi: Prof. Emeritus Einar H. Guðmundsson January 2020 Abstract In the early 1960s, the prospect of contacting extraterrestrial civilizations became a scientific concern for radio astronomers. The Soviet contributions in this field have been largely overlooked by historians so far. More particularly, little attention has been given to the international collaboration in which the Soviet Union was active in the 1960s and up until 1976 - and which came to be known as ‘Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence’ (CETI). This dissertation research investigates this episode of scientific internationalism in the history of the Cold War. The main question it seeks to answer is how were Soviet conceptualizations of extraterrestrial intelligence and of intelligent radio signals entangled with or informed by the ways in which scientists cooperated beyond state borders? In order to probe into this question, I have worked mostly with the following written sources: conference proceedings, scientific articles, as well as (auto)biographical accounts of the era together with some publications from the 1980s and 1990s. The record attests for a bottom-up process in which Soviet scientists were able to initiate surprising discussions considering the historical context of that time. By envisaging a communication with the Extraterrestrial Other, Soviet scientists facilitated a space for the political imagination to unfold. These findings reveal how the first real international scientific attempt to imagine the possibility of interacting with non-human intelligence beyond the limits of the Earth was articulated in the context of modern empirical science (radio astronomy). -
1949–1999 the Early Years of Stellar Evolution, Cosmology, and High-Energy Astrophysics
P1: FHN/fkr P2: FHN/fgm QC: FHN/anil T1: FHN September 9, 1999 19:34 Annual Reviews AR088-11 Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1999. 37:445–86 Copyright c 1999 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved THE FIRST 50 YEARS AT PALOMAR: 1949–1999 The Early Years of Stellar Evolution, Cosmology, and High-Energy Astrophysics Allan Sandage The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 Key Words stellar evolution, observational cosmology, radio astronomy, high energy astrophysics PROLOGUE In 1999 we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the initial bringing into operation of the Palomar 200-inch Hale telescope. When this telescope was dedicated, it opened up a much larger and clearer window on the universe than any telescope that had gone before. Because the Hale telescope has played such an important role in twentieth century astrophysics, we decided to invite one or two of the astronomers most familiar with what has been achieved at Palomar to give a scientific commentary on the work that has been done there in the first fifty years. The first article of this kind which follows is by Allan Sandage, who has been an active member of the staff of what was originally the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories, and later the Carnegie Observatories for the whole of these fifty years. The article is devoted to the topics which covered the original goals for the Palomar telescope, namely observational cosmology and the study of galaxies, together with discoveries that were not anticipated, but were first made at Palomar and which played a leading role in the development of high energy astrophysics. -
Ames in the 1970S and 1980S
Atmosphere of Freedom Sixty Years at the NASA Ames Research Center Wheat in crop growth chamber under red LED lights and low pressure sodium lamps. 98 Diverse Challenges Explored with Unified Spirit Chapter 3: Ames in the 1970s and 1980s Two events make 1969 the year to mark the next era in Ames history. First, Apollo 11 returned safely from its landing on the Moon, signalling the beginning of the end of the lunar landing mission that drove NASA almost from its start. NASA had yet to decide what to do for its second act, and its flurry of strategic planning took place against an uncertain political backdrop. Much of the American public— including both political conservatives concerned with rampant inflation and political liberals concerned with technocratic government—began to doubt the value of NASA’s big plans. NASA had downplayed the excitement of interplanetary exploration as it focused on the Moon. Congress and the American aerospace industry, under pressure from a resurgent European aerospace industry, began to doubt if NASA really wanted the aeronautics part of its name. NASA had to justify its budget with quicker results, better science, and relevance to earthly problems. The second major event of 1969 was the arrival of Hans Mark as Ames’ director. Mark, himself, displayed a force of personality, a breadth of Michael McGreevy holding a intellect, and an aggressive management style. More significantly, Mark arrived as rumors televised rock in his virtual hand circulated that Ames would be shut down. Thus, Ames people gave him a good amount of using the Ames EXOS Dexterous room to reshape their institution.