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African Journal for the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT) African Journal for the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism Vol 7 N° 2 December 2018 ISSN 2617-8478 African Journal EDITORIAL BOARD CHAIRMAN H.E. Larry Gbevlo-Lartey Esq., MEMBERS • Dr. C. Nna-Emeka Okereke • Dr. Abdoulaye MAIGA • Dr. Henry Kam Kah • Mr. Idriss Mounir LALLALI • Col. Christian Emmanuel MOUAYA POUYI • Ms. Mauna NTWAETSILE • Mr. Moïse Lazare Emery LECKIBY • Mr. Inusah ZIBLIM • Mr. Richard APAU Published under the authority of H.E. Ambassador Ismail CHERGUI, African Union Commissioner for Peace and Security 3 African Journal SOMMAIRE EDITORIAL ...................................................................................................9 MAINSTREAMING HUMAN SECURITY RESPONSE IN COUNTER- TERRORISM ENGAGEMENTS IN AFRICA................................................15 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................15 Introduction.................................................................................................16 Contextualizing the Problem of Terrorism in Africa...................................17 Understanding and Human Security..........................................................21 Nexus between Terrorism and Human Security in Africa............................23 Rationalising the Human Security Response Approach to Counterterrorism in Africa...........................................................................27 Conclusion.....................................................................................................29 (Endnotes)....................................................................................................30 ANALYSIS OF BOKO HARAM TERRORISM AS AN EMERGING SE- CURITY THREAT IN WESTERN SAHEL: NIGERIA IN FOCUS...33 ABSTRACT................................................................................................33 Background and Historical Perspective........................................................34 Stakeholder Analysis of the Boko Haram insurgency using the DFID framework....................................................................................................37 Primary Stakeholders....................................................................................37 Secondary Stakeholders...............................................................................39 Shadow Party Stakeholder............................................................................40 StructuralAnalysis of the Boko Haram terrorism...............................................41 Dynamic Analysis.........................................................................................47 5 African Journal Conclusion...................................................................................................52 Recommendation.........................................................................................53 References....................................................................................................55 COLLABORATION IN COUNTERING BOKO HARAM’S FINAN- CING OPERATIONS IN THE LAKE CHAD AREA: CHARTING THE ROLES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES......................................57 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................57 Introduction..................................................................................................58 Conceptual Foundation ................................................................................60 Critical Pillars of Terrorism Financing Infrastructure..............................61 Figure 1: The Four Interwoven Elements of Terrorism Financing..........62 Boko Haram’s EvolvingFunding Operations.............................................64 Imperative of Collaboration in Countering Boko Haram Financing in Lake Chad Area.....................................................................................................72 Table 1: Core Roles and Utility of Key Actors in Countering Terrorism Financing.......................................................................................................73 Figure 2: Imperative of Collaboration in Countering Terrorism Financing...75 Conclusion....................................................................................................77 (Endnotes).....................................................................................................78 ASSESSING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF TERRORISM IN NIGERIA......................................................84 ABSTRACT..................................................................................................84 Introduction...................................................................................................86 Understanding Critical Infrastructure in Nigeria..........................................88 Terrorist Threats to Critical Infrastructures in Nigeria.................................91 6 African Journal Implications of Terrorism Attacks on Critical Infrastructure for Nigeria.....93 Measures Aimed at Critical Infrastructures Protection in Nigeria............95 Challenges Faced by Government on Critical Infrastructure Protection in Nigeria........................................................................................................97 Conclusion..................................................................................................103 Endnotes......................................................................................................104 LE TRAITEMENT EFFICACE DU RETOUR DES COMBATTANTS TERRORISTES ÉTRANGERS................................................................108 Résumé.......................................................................................................108 Introduction................................................................................................109 I. Les formations et destinations possibles des combattants terroristes étrangers.....................................................................................................110 I.1. Les combattants terroristes étrangers ..................................................110 I.2.La formation des unités d’élite...............................................................113 II. Évaluation de la menace : nature et mesures premières......................120 II.1. La menace.............................................................................................120 II.2. Le renforcement des cellules dormantes..............................................122 III. Les suggestions de mesures...................................................................123 III.1. La détection à l’entrée..........................................................................125 III.2.La répression et réinsertion...................................................................126 III.3.L’implication des familles....................................................................128 III.4. Une nouvelle résolution du conseil de sécurité...................................129 Conclusion ..................................................................................................130 Bibliographies indicatives...........................................................................131 7 African Journal LA STRATÉGIE DE LUTTE CONTRE L’EXTRÉMISME DES JEUNES, VÉHICULÉ PAR LES RÉSEAUX SOCIAUX.....................131 Résumé .....................................................................................................131 Introduction ...............................................................................................133 1. Le progrès technologique et la logique de protection de l’information .......134 2. L’extrémisme chez les jeunes moyennant les réseaux sociaux ....................135 3. La lutte contre l’extrémisme: quelle approche et quelle stratégie?...............137 Conclusion..............................................................................................140 Bibliographie..............................................................................................141 BOOK REVIEW.........................................................................................142 8 African Journal EDITORIAL Communiqué: The African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council, 812th meeting. The Editorial of this edition of the Journal is dedicated to the commu- niqué of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU) 812th meeting held on 23rd November, 2018, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on the 2018 Report of the Chairperson of the Commission on the fight against violent extremism and terrorism in Africa. The Editorial Board seeks to disseminate same by this publication and to solicit Member States’ and Partners’ support for the realization of the decisions therein. The ACSRT is of the view that, the full implementation of the decisions contained in the communiqué will contribute significantly to enhancing the capacity of the ACSRT to deliver on its mandate. H.E Larry Gbevlo-Lartey (Esq.,) AU Special Representative for Counter- Terrorism Cooperation/ Director, ACSRT 9 African Journal 10 African Journal PSC/PR/COMM. (DCCCXII ) COMMUNIQUÉ The Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU), at its 812th meeting, held on 23 November 2018, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, considered the Report of the Chairperson of the Commission on the fight against terrorism and violent extremism in Africa and adopted the following decision:
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