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Parasitofauna De Podarcis Dugesii Del Archipielago De Madeira

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Parasitofauna De Podarcis Dugesii Del Archipielago De Madeira UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Departamento de Parasitología CIPIOS ANTIINFLAMATORIOS DE T PRINCIPIOS ANTIINFLAMORIOS DE Parasitofauna de Podarcis dugesii del Archipielago de Madeira MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Nieves Sánchez Gumiel Directores Luis Manuel Zapatero Ramos Catalina Castaño Fernández. Madrid 2005 ISBN: 978-84-8466-934-0 © Nieves Sánchez Gumiel, 1991 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DEPARTAMENTO DE PARASITOLOGíA PmBIToFAUn DE PODARCIS DUGESIZ DEL MtCEIPIELAGO DE MADEIRA Memoria que presenta para optar a la colación del Gra- do de Doctor en Farmacia la Licenciada Nieves Sánchez Gumiel. Madrid, Julio de 1991 DON ANTONIO R. MARTíNEZ FERNANDEZ, CATEDRATICO Y DIRECTOR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE PARASITOLOGíA DE LA FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID CERTIFICA: Que la licenciada en Farmacia Nieves Sánchez Gumiel, ha realiza- do bajo la codireccián del Prof. Dr. D. Luis M. Zapatero Ramos y la Prof. Dra. Da. Catalina Castaño Fernández, la memoria titula- da: PARASITOFAUNA DE PODARCIS DLIGESII DEL ARCHIPIELAGO DE MADEI- RA, para optar al grado de Doctor en Farmacia. Y para que asi conste, expido y firmo el presente en Madrid a veinticinco de Junio de mil novecientos noventa y uno. AGRADECIMIENTOS Deseo expresar mi más sincera gratitud: Al Prof. Dr. D. Antonio It Martínez Fernández, Catedrático y Director del Departamento de Parasitología de la Facultad de Farmacia de la U.C.M., por sus orientaciones y ayuda prestadas durante la elaboración de esta Tesis Doctoral. Al Prof. Dr. D. Luis M. Zapatero Ramos, por acogerme en su equipo de investigación y por sus enseñanzas y apoyo constante, que me han iniciado en el apasionante mundo de la Parasitología. A la Prof. Dra. Da. Cataliña Castaño Fernández, por su amistad y ayuda desde mi incorporación a esta línea de trabajo. Al Prof. de la Facultad de CC. Biológicas de la Universidad de La Lagu- na (Tenerife>, Dr. D. Marcos Báez, del que siempre guardaré un grato recuerdo por brindarme su amistad y proporcionarse material imprescindible para la elaboración de esta Memoria. A los mofe. Drs. D. Jose Luis Guillén Llera, D. Angel Sánchez—Covisa Villa, D. Francisco Bolás Fernández, Da. Carmen Cuesta Bandera, D. Jose Anto- nio Escario García—Trevijano, Da. Alicia Gómez Barrios, Da. Mercedes Martínez Grueiro y Da. Carmen Cuellar del Hoyo, porque en todo momento pude contar con su colaboración. A Pilar Aguar Fernández, con la que me une una gran amistad, fortaleci- da durante la recogida de material en “o meior ihía do Mondo”. A mis compañeros del equipo de Faunística: Teresa Salcedo Pérez, Isidro Sánchez Suárez, Carmen Zapatero Ferrándiz, Soledad Ruiz Sánchez y Gema Chi- charro Santos, por ofrecerme su amistad y ayuda siempre que los he necesita- do. A Maria del Mar Siles Lucas y Francisco Ponce Gordo, compañeros del Departamento, que han colaborado aportando sus conocimientos para la elabora- ción de este trabajo. Al resto de compañeros del Departamento, por su amistad y afecto. Al Dr. fl. Pedro M. González Santiago, que ha suministrado material para llevar a cabo esta línea de investigación. Al Dr. D. Jose Antonio Galaz, Consejero Social de la Embajada de Portu- gal en Madrid, y al Dr. D. Eduardo Pereira, cónsul de Portugal en León, que me ofrecieron volutariosamente información imprescindible para hacer fructí- fera mi estancia en el archipiélago de Madeira, así como por facilitarme los contactos necesarios para llevar a buen término mis trabajos en el mismo. Al Prof. Dr. D. Manuel José Biscoito, Director del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales de Funchal, por su hospitalidad y abierta colaboración durante nuestra visita a la isla de Madeira. A mi gran amiga Ana Alvarez Huerta, por su ayuda desinteresada a lo largo de estos años. Ami padre. INDICE INDICE Página 1. INTRODUCCION . 1 2. REVISION BIELIOGRAFICA 3 2.1 DESCRIPCION DEL AiEA GEOGRAFICA DE DISTRIBUCION DEL HOSPEDADOR 3 2.1.1 Características aenerales del Archipiélago de Madeira. 3 2.1.2 Isla de Madeira 6 2.1.2.1 Geología 6 2.1.2.2 Clima 7 2.1.2.3 Flora 8 2.1.2.4 Fauna 9 2.1.3 Isla de Porto Santo 10 2.1.4 Las Desertas 11 2.2 REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA DEL HOSPEDADOR 12 2.2.1 Familia Lacertidae 12 2.2.1.1 Encuadre taxonómico 12 2.2.1.2 Generalidades de los lacértidos 12 2.2.1.3 Podarcis dugeuii 13 2.3 REVISION DE PROTOZOOS 20 2.3.1 Orden Proteromonadida 20 2.3.1.1 Familia Proteromonadina. 21 2.3.2 Orden Retortamonadida 29 2.3.2.1 Familia Retortamonadidae 29 2.3.3 Orden Oxvmonadida 38 2.3.3.1 Familia Polymaatigidae 39 2.3.4 Orden Trichomonadida 44 2.3.4.1 Caracteres generales de los trichomonádidos 44 2.3.4.2 Aspectos evolutivos y relaciones filogenéticas del Orden Trichomonádida 49 2.3.4.3 Familia Monocercomonadidae 53 2.3.4.4 Familia Trichomonadidae 63 2.3.5 Protozca “INCERTAE SEDIS” 75 2.4 REVISION DE TREMATODOS 82 2.4.1 Revisión de la Familia Leucochloridiidae y de la subfamilia Leucochloridiinae 82 2.4.1.1 Revisión del género Leucochloridium 87 2.4.2 Revisión de la Familia Brachvcoeliidae y de la subfamilia Mesocoeliinae 92 2.4.2.1 Género Mesocoelium 96 2.4.2.1.1 Claves prácticas para la determinación de especies del género Mesocoelium 103 2.5 REVISION DE LOS NEMATODOS 114 2.5.1 orden Oxyurida 114 2.5.2 Superfamilia Osvuroidea 125 2.5.3 Familia Pharvnpodonidae 125 2.5.3.1 Revisión de los géneros Thelandros y Parapharyngodon 129 2.5.3.2 Evolución y relaciones filogenéticas y biogeogríficas de la familia Pharyngodonidae ... 135 2.5.4 orden Ascaridida 140 2.5.5 Superfamilia Seuratoidea 150 2.5.6 Familia Seuratidae y subfamilia Skriabinelaziinae .. 153 2.5.6.1 Revisión del género Skriabinelazia 154 2.5.7 Superfamilia Heterakoidea 156 2.5.8 Familia Heterakidae 158 2.5.8.1 Revisión del género Soinicauda 167 2.5.9 Evolución y relaciones filopenéticas y bioceopráficas de la subfamilia Spinicaudinae 171 2.6 REVISION DE ACAflTOCEFALOS 175 2.6.1 Orden Palaeacanthocephala .... 176 2.6.2 Subfamilia Plagiorhynchinae .. 177 2.6.2.1 Género Prosthorhvnchus ... 178 2.7 REVISION DE HONGOS 181 2.7.1 División Eumvcota 181 2.7.1.1 Subdivisión Zygomycotina 181 3. MATERIAL Y METODOS 187 3.1 EJEMPLARES ESTUDIADOS 187 3.1.1 Capturas 195 3.1.2 Mantenimiento en .1 laboratorio 195 3.2 MATERIAL DE LABORATORIO 195 3.3 TECNICAS PARASITOLOGICAS 195 3.3.1 Necropsia y procedimientos 195 3.3.2 Estudio de los protozoos 196 3.3.2.1 Protozoos sanguíneos y hepáticos 196 3.3.2.2 Protozoos fecales 196 3.3.3 Estudio de los helmintos 198 3.3.3.1 Recogida de los helmintos 198 3.3.3.2 Fijación y conservación de los helmintos 198 3.3.3.3 Tinción y montaje de los trematodos 199 3.3.3.4 Aclarado y montaje de los nematados y acantocéfalos 200 3.3.3.5 Observación del extremo apical 200 3.3.3.6 Observación de la musculatura del nematodo 201 3.3.4 Técnicas de calibrado y medición 202 3.3.4.1 Medidas en Protozoos 202 3.3.4.2 Medidas en Trematodos 202 3.3.4.3 Medidas en Nematodos 203 3.3.4.4 Medidas en Acantocéfalos 205 3.4 ESTUDIO TAXOMOMICO 205 3.4.1 En Protozoos 205 3.4.2 En Trematodos 206 3.4.3 En Nematodos 206 3.4.3.1 claves de la C.A.E 207 3.4.4 En Acantocéfalos 214 3.5 ANALISIS ESTADíSTICO 214 3.5.1 Estudio estadístico de cada muestra 214 4. RESULTADOS 217 4.1 RESULTADOS DE PROTOZOOS 217 4 .1.1 Distribución y garcentajes 217 4 .1.2 Características de los Protozoos encontrados 220 4.1.2. 1 Proteromonas lacertae—viridis 220 4.1.2.2 Retortamonas vicerae 231 4.1.2.3 Chilomastix bursa 237 4.1.2.4 Monocercomonoides lacertae 249 4.1.2.5 Descripción de Monocercomonas 1 sp 255 4.1.2.6 Descripción de Monocercomonas 2 sp. tipo colubrorum 261 4.1.2.7 Descripción de k4onocercomonas 3 sp. tipo maculatus 267 4.1.2.8 Tritrichomonas augusta 273 4.1.2.9 Trichomitus batrachorum 279 4.1.2.10 Slastocvstis enterocola 285 4.2 RESULTADOS DE TREMATODOS 291 4.2.1 Distribución y porcentajes 291 4.2.2 Características de los Trematodos encontrados 292 4.2.2 .1 Leucochloridium sp 292 4.2.2 .2 Mesocoelius monas 303 4.3 RESULTADOS DE UMATODOS 309 4.3.1 Distribución y corcentajes de las especies encontradas 309 4.3.2 Descripción de las especies de Nematodos 319 4.3.2.1 Thelandros echinatus 319 4.3.2.2 T. echinatus ssp 333 4.3.2.3 Paranharynpodon micipsae 339 4.3.2.4 Skrjabinelazia pyrenaica 353 4.3.2.5 Soinicauda dupesii 363 4.4 RESULTADOS DE ACASTOCEFALOS 381 4.4.1 Prosthorhvnchus transversus . 381 4.5 RESULTADOS DE HONGOS 387 4.5.1 Basidiobolus ranarum 387 5. DISCUSION 393 5.1 DISCUSION SOBRE PROTOZOOS 393 5.1.1 Sobre ProteromonaB lacertae—viridis 393 5.1.1.1 Comentario sobre las especies de Proteromonas en reptiles y anfibios 393 5.1.2 Sobre Retortamonas vinerae 398 5.1.2.1 Comentario sobre las especies de Retortamonas en reptiles y anfibios 398 5.1.3 Sobre Chilon,aatix bursa 401 5.1.3.1 Comentario sobre las especies de Chilomastir en reptiles y anfibios 401 5.1.4 Sobre Nonocercosonoideg .Zacertae 404 5.1.4.1 Comentario sobre las especies de Monacercomonoides en reptiles y anfibios 404 5.1.5 Sobre Konocercomsonaa 1 sc 406 5.1.6 Sobre Nonocercojaonas 2 sp.
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