Rainer Dormels (2014)
Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Kimchaek
This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (AKS-2011-BAA-2105)
Find an introduction to the project at http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=digital-north-korea0
This work has been published as a chapter in: Rainer Dormels (2014): North Korea's Cities. Jimoondang. Seoul.
IV.2.22. Kimchaek
One of the opened ports and base of Christian Mission
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Table Kimchaek-I. Basic data
Population 207,299 (Rank 17) Area 854 km² (Rank 7) Population density 243 I./km² (Rank 23) Administrative units 23 dong /19 ri (55%) (Rank 19) “Urban” population/“rural” population 74.9%/25.1% (Rank 19)
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Climate values Annual average January temperature August temperature Precipitation 8.9°C (19) -4.0°C (6) 21.8°C (23) 714,6 mm (23) ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD ,Q.LPFKDHNWKHILVKLQJLQGXVWU\LVRIJUHDWLPSRUWDQFH7KH.LPFKDHN7DHKXQJ )LVKHU\(QWHUSULVHFRQFHQWUDWHVRQGHHSVHD¿VKLQJDQGWKHSURFHVVLQJRIVHDSURGXFWV City of steel and Magnesia Clinker ,PSRUWDQWLQGXVWULDOVHFWRUVWKDWDUHUHSUHVHQWHGLQ.LPFKDHNDUHWKHPHWDOLQGXVWU\WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOLQGXVWU\WKHPDFKLQHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGPLQLQJ$PRQJWKHPWKH PHWDOLQGXVWU\KDVDQDWLRQZLGHVLJQL¿FDQFH6WHHODQGVWHHOSURGXFWVWKDWDUHLPSRUWDQW IRUHQJLQHHULQJLQWKH'35.DUHPDQXIDFWXUHGLQWKH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[ 6LJQL¿FDQWFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOSURGXFWVRIWKHFLW\DUHPDJQHVLDFOLQNHU¿UHEULFN DQGPDUEOH7KHPDUEOHVODEVSURGXFHGLQ-DQJK\ǂQGRQJDUHDVSHFLDOW\RIWKHFLW\DQG FDQZLGHO\EHXVHGIRUPRQXPHQWVRUKRXVLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ Table Kimchaek-III. Ranking (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies and cultural institutions) Kimchaek KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companies - 18 (11) 22 (10) 19 (8) 23 (4) 17 (25) 21 total Companies - 10 (4) 8 (3) 20 (4) 20 (8) 21 (4) important Cultural 16 (5) institutions Table Kimchaek-IV. Ranking (Total number of companies in relation to population) Kimchaek KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companies - total 13 21 20-15-15 23 14-17 22-21 7KHDQDO\VLVVKRZVWKDW.LPFKDHNLVLQQRQHRIWKHILYHVRXUFHVFRQFHUQLQJWKH QXPEHURILQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVEHWWHUUDQNHGWKDQLQWHUPVRISRSXODWLRQZKHUHWKHFLW\ FDPHLQ WK SODFH Table Kimchaek-V. Specification (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies) Kimchaek Light Industry Heavy Industry Mining Energy KOFC 18 (2) 8 (8) 7 (1) - MOU 23 (4) 2 (5) 11 (1) - IPA 26 (1) 5 (5) 7 (1) 5 (1) KCNA - 1 (4) - - KIET 27 (6) 5 (14) 3 (5) - 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV $VLJQLILFDQWVSHFLDOL]DWLRQRI.LPFKDHNRQKHDY\DQGFKHPLFDOLQGXVWU\FDQEH REVHUYHG ,QFKDSWHU,,,IRXUFRPSDQLHVZHUHLGHQWLILHGDVLPSRUWDQWIRU.LPFKDHN WKH 6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[WKH6ǂQJMLQ5HIUDFWRU\)DFWRU\WKH.LPFKDHN6KLS)DFWRU\DQG WKH6VDQJU\RQJ3KRVSKDWH)HUWLOL]HU)DFWRU\ 7KH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[LVGLUHFWO\ORFDWHGDWWKHSRUWRI.LPFKDHNLVIXUWKHUPRUH FRQQHFWHGWRWKHURDGQHWZRUNDVZHOODVWRWKH:ǂOODUDLOZD\OLQH :RQVDQ5DVRQ DQG VKRZVWKHUHIRUHIDYRUDEOHFRQGLWLRQVIRUWKHWUDQVSRUWRIUDZPDWHULDOVDQGJRRGV,W HPSOR\VDERXWZRUNHUV,Q WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDUWHGDQGIURP VWHHO SURGXFWLRQEHJDQRQWKHEDVLVRILURQRUHVRIWKH0XVDQ0LQHDQGK\GURSRZHUHQHUJ\RI +ǂFKǂQJDQJZLWKWKHDLPRIVWHHOSURGXFWLRQIRUWKH-DSDQHVHGHIHQVHLQGXVWU\ .2)& ,3$ 7KH6ǂQJMLQ5HIUDFWRU\)DFWRU\LVDIWHUWKH7DQFKRQ0DJQHVLD)DFWRU\WKHVHFRQG PRVWLPSRUWDQW5HIUDFWRU\)DFWRU\RIWKH'35.RUHD,WPDQXIDFWXUHVPDLQO\0DJQHVLWH &OLQNHUDQGRWKHU¿UHEULFNVDQGPDLQO\VXSSOLHVWKH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[EXWDOVRRWKHU IDFWRULHVLQWKHVWHHOLQGXVWU\WKHEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOLQGXVWU\RUPDFKLQHFRQVWUXFWLRQ7KH 6ǂQJMLQ0DJQHVLD)DFWRU\ZDVDSUHFXUVRURIWKDWIDFWRU\ZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQ .2)& ,3$ ,QWKH.LPFKDHN6KLS)DFWRU\FDUJRVKLSVDQG¿VKLQJVKLSV DUHEXLOWDQGUHSDLUHG,WLVORFDWHGLQ&KRQJKDNGRQJDQGHPSOR\VDSSUR[LPDWHO\ ZRUNHUV7KLVIDFWRU\ZDVDOUHDG\EXLOWLQWKHSHULRGRIWKH-DSDQHVHFRORQL]DWLRQZDV GHVWUR\HGGXULQJWKH.RUHDQ:DUDQGUHEXLOWEHWZHHQ .2)& ,3$ 7KH6VDQJU\RQJ3KRVSKDWH)HUWLOL]HU)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGLQ8QKRUL,QWKLVIDFWRU\ OLPHIHUWLOL]HULVSURGXFHG7KHFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDUWHGLQ .2)& ,3$ ,Q.LPFKDHNWKHUHDUHDQXPEHURIWHFKQLFDOFROOHJHVDQGLQ6HFKRQULDQG6RQJKXQJ ULZHOONQRZQKHDOWKUHVRUWVZLWKKRWVSULQJVDUHORFDWHG Incorporations in 1952 and 1961, five ri outside the center became dong $VSDUWRIWKHUHJLRQDOUHDUUDQJHPHQWLQ VL[UL RI.LPFKDHNNXQZHQWWR.LPFKDHN VL7KHQ.LPFKDHNNXQZDVLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWR.LPFKDHNVLLQ)HEUXDU\ :LWKWKH LQFRUSRUDWLRQRI.LPFKDHNNXQWR.LPFKDHNVLWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHFHQWHURIWKH XS .LPFKDHN XSEHFDPH+DNVǂQJGRQJ2IWKH UL ZKLFKZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGWRWKHFLW\LQ DQG ¿YHZHUHDSSRLQWHGWR GRQJ 7KHVHDUHWKHIROORZLQJ LQSDUHQWKHVLVWKH\HDULQZKLFKWKH UL EHFDPH GRQJ ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Ɣ 7KDQVRGRQJ MXVWQRUWKRI2OG.LPFKDHN Ɣ ǁEǂNGRQJ QRUWKRIWKHXUEDQDUHD Ɣ .ǎPFKǂQGRQJ HDVWRIWKHQRUWKHUQSDUWRI2OG.LPFKDHN Ɣ -DQJK\ǂQJGRQJ VRXWKHDVWRI2OG.LPFKDHN Ɣ 6VDQJU\RQJGRQJ VRXWKRI2OG.LPFKDHN Figure Kimchaek-I. New dong of Kimchaek (in the area of the former Kimchaek-kun) Within Old-Kimchaek six new dong formed by separation $QRWKHUVL[QHZ GRQJHPHUJHGE\VHSDUDWLQJLWIURPH[LVWLQJ GRQJ2IWKHVHRQO\ GRQJ ZLWKLQ2OG.LPFKDHNZHUHDIIHFWHG Eight new dong from 1961 to 1965, afterwards only three new dong ,QWRWDO.LPFKDHNFRQVLVWVRI GRQJ ,Q .LPFKDHNKDGWHQ GRQJ $VDQRWKHU GHQVHO\SRSXODWHGXQLWWKH XS RI.LPFKDHNNXQKDVWREHPHQWLRQHGZKLFKEHFDPHD GRQJ +DNVǂQJGRQJ DIWHUEHLQJLQFRUSRUDWHGWR.LPFKDHNVL(OHYHQRWKHU GRQJ FDPHLQWR H[LVWHQFHEHWZHHQ E\WKHXSJUDGLQJRID UL RUE\VSOLWWLQJIURPRWKHU GRQJ 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV +RZHYHUHLJKWRIWKHVHHOHYHQ GRQJ ZHUHDOUHDG\IRUPHGEHWZHHQ ,Q 6RQJU\ǂQJGRQJLQWKHQRUWK ZHVWFRUQHURI2OG.LPFKDHNZDVGLYLGHG LQWRWZR GRQJ DQGLQ 6VDQJDPGRQJ VRXWKRIWKHVWDWLRQ-DQJSK\ǂQJ,Q 6VDQJU\RQJULEHFDPHD GRQJ Three centers of urban development and three new dong in the periphery /HW ¶VWDNHDORRNDWWKHJHRJUDSKLFDOGLV WULEXWLRQRIWKHHOHYHQ GRQJ WKDWZHUH IRUPHGEHWZHHQ DQG ,QGRLQJ Figure Kimchaek-II. New dong of Kimchaek city VRHLJKWRIWKHVH GRQJ FDQEHGLYLGHGLQWR (in the down-town area) WKUHHUHJLRQV HQFLUFOHGDUHWKHQHZ GRQJ WKHFHQWHUDURXQGWKH.LPFKDHNWUDLQVWDWLRQ KHUHWZRQHZ GRQJZHUHIRUPHGE\ VHSDUDWLRQLQ WKHDUHDQHDUWKH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[ KHUHWZR GRQJ HPHUJHGLQ RQHE\ XSJUDGLQJD UL 7KDQVRGRQJZKHUHWKH WUDLQVWDWLRQ-DQJSK\ǂQJLVVLWXDWHG DQGRQHE\VHSDUDWLRQ,Q DQRWKHU GRQJZDVIRUPHGE\VHSDUDWLRQ ,Q LQWKHQRUWKZHVWFRUQHU.ǎPFKǂQ ULEHFDPHD GRQJDQG6RQJU\ǂQJGRQJ ZDVIRUPHGE\VHSDUDWLRQIURPWZRRWKHU GRQJ ,Q 6RQJU\ǂQJZDVWKHQVSOLW LQWRWZR GRQJ 7KHRWKHUWKUHH GRQJ ZKLFKZHUHIRUPHG LQ DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\DUHVLWXDWHG Figure Kimchaek-III. Centers of development in Kimchaek DWVRPHGLVWDQFHIURP2OG.LPFKDHN ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD ǁERNGRQJLVIDPRXVIRULWVJUDSKLWHPLQH ,3$ DQG-DQJK\ǂQGRQJIRU LWVPDUEOH ,3$ ,Q6VDQJU\RQJGRQJ GRQJ VLQFH DODUJHIHUWLOL]HU IDFWRU\LVVLWXDWHGZKLFKFRQVWUXFWLRQEHJDQLQ DQGZKLFKVWDUWHGRSHUDWLRQLQ ,3$ Statistics $FFRUGLQJWRWKH,3$ .LPFKDHNFRQVLVWVRI GRQJ DQG UL ,Q36& GRQJDQG UL DUHLQGLFDWHGZLWK6RQJKǎQJUL3KXQJQ\ǂQULDQG+ǎQJSK\ǂQJULQR ORQJHUEHLQJOLVWHG7KHVHWKUHH UL DUHDOOVLWXDWHGMXVWQRUWKRIWKH6RQJU\ǂQJUHJLRQ 'RQJ )RUPDWLRQ 'RQJ 6SOLWWLQJ Kimchaek-City in the shadow of Chongjin and Tanchon .LPFKDHNFRQVLVWVRIWZRFHQWHUVZKLFKKDYHGHYHORSHGDWWKH(DVW6HDFRDVWDQGDGMDFHQW YDOOH\V7KHDFWXDOFLW\FHQWHULVORFDWHGLQWKHVRXWKRIWKHFLW\ DQRWKHUFHQWHUZDVIRUPHG LQWKH1RUWKQHDUWKH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO&RPSOH[ 7KH.&1$ 0D\ UHSRUWVD¿HOGJXLGDQFHWRXQLWVLQ.LOMXFRXQW\DQG.LPFKDHN &LW\E\.LP-RQJLO,Q.LPFKDHNWKHUHDUHWZRSODFHVKHYLVLWHGWKH.LPFKDHN7DHKXQJ )LVKHU\&RPSDQ\DQGWKH3XNNZDQGDHFKǂSSLPRQXPHQW 7KLVLVDQLQGLFDWLRQWKDW .LPFKDHNLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\IDPRXVIRULWVLQGXVWULDOSODQWVDSDUWIURPWKH6ǂQJMLQ6WHHO &RPSOH[ZKLFKKRZHYHUQRZKDVWRXVHDQWKUDFLWHFRDOIRUVPHOWLQJGXHWRDVKRUWDJHRI FRNHZKLFKKDVWREHLPSRUWHGUHVXOWLQJLQDUHGXFWLRQRITXDOLW\RIVWHHOSURGXFWV 7KHQDPHVRIWKH GRQJ DUHQRWPHQWLRQHGLQWKH36& .&1$ 0D\ H[SODLQV Ä7KHPRQXPHQWLQ5LPP\RQJUL.LPFKDHN&LW\ZDVHUHFWHGLQWR FRPPHPRUDWHWKHJUHDWYLFWRU\-RQJ0XQ%X¶VYROXQWHHUFRUSVZRQE\GHFLVLYHO\ZLSLQJRXWWKH-DSDQHVH DJJUHVVLRQWURRSVLQ-DQJSK\RQJ5LPP\RQJ7DQFKRQ3DHNWKDSDQGRWKHUDUHDVDIWHUWKHLULQWUXVLRQLQWR +DPJ\RQJ3URYLQFHGXULQJWKH,PMLQ3DWULRWLF:DU ´ ,Q WKHPHWDOOXUJ\KDGDFFRXQWHGIRU RIWKHWRWDOSURGXFWLRQYROXPHRIWKHFLW\.LPFKDHN DFFRXQWHGIRUWKH¿VKLQJLQGXVWU\IRUWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOSURGXFWLRQDQGIRUPHFKDQLFDO HQJLQHHULQJ)ROORZLQJWKHVOXPSLQPHWDOOXUJ\WKHLPSRUWDQFHRIILVKHULHVLVOLNHO\WRKDYHLQFUHDVHG 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV &RRSHUDWLRQZLWK&KLQDDQG5XVVLDFRXOGVSXUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHFLW\RQWKH (DVW6HDFRDVWKRZHYHUZLWKWKHQHZO\GHYHORSHGSRUWLQQHLJKERULQJ7DQFKRQDQHZ FRPSHWLWRUKDVHPHUJHG SURSRUWLRQDOO\ .-< ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD