Distribution and Fate of Energetics on Dod Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 2
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Draft Annual Report 2 March 2002 Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 2 by Judith C. Pennington, James M. Brannon, June E. Mirecki U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory Waterways Experiment Station 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Thomas F. Jenkins, Thomas A. Ranney, Jeffrey A. Stark, Marianne E. Walsh, Allen D. Hewitt, Nancy Perron U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Development Laboratory 72 Lyme Road Hanover, NH 03755-1290 Guy Ampleman, Sonia Thiboutot, Jeff Lewis Defence Research Establishment Valcartier 2459 Pie XI Blvd North, Val-Bélair, Québec, Canada, G3J 1X5 LTC Jason Lynch, Joseph J. Delfino Environmental Engineering Science University of Florida Gainesville, FL Jay Clausen AMEC Earth and Environment 110 Littleton Road, Suite 1B Westford, MA 01886 Charolett A. Hayes DynTel 3530 Manor Dr., Suite 4 Vicksburg, MS 39180 Annual Technical Report Prepared for Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Arlington, VA 22203 Contents Preface ................................................................................................................... 3 1—Introduction...................................................................................................... 7 Background ..................................................................................................... 7 Related On-Going and Leveraged Studies .................................................... 14 Scope of Project............................................................................................. 15 Objectives...................................................................................................... 17 Summary of Results of Previous Year .......................................................... 17 2—Characterization of Explosives Contamination at Military Firing Ranges .... 20 Introduction ................................................................................................... 20 Yakima Training Center, WA ....................................................................... 22 Camp Guernsey, WY .................................................................................... 26 Materials and Methods.................................................................................. 29 Results and Discussion.................................................................................. 32 Conclusions………………………………………………………………….45 Literature cited………………………………………………………………47 Tables………………………………………………………………………..50 Figures………………………………………………………………………68 3— Assessment of CFB Shilo Training Areas .................................................... 82 Introduction ................................................................................................... 82 Sampling Strategies....................................................................................... 85 Parameters Monitored and Analytical Methods ............................................ 89 Magnitude of Study....................................................................................... 89 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..93 4— Transport Parameters for Firing Ranges Summary....................................... 94 Background ................................................................................................... 94 Objectives...................................................................................................... 95 Materials and Methods………………………………………………………95 Results and Discussion……………………………………………………..102 2 Summary and Conclusions………………………………………………….108 Referenced…………………………………………………………………..112 Tables………………………………………………………………………..115 Figures……………………………………………………………………….122 5— Conclusions………………………………………………………………….123 3 Abbreviations AcN Acetonitrile ADNTs Aminodinitrotoluenes 2ADNT 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene 4ADNT 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene 2A4NT 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene 4A2NT 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene CG Camp Guernsey, Wyoming CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 3,5DNA 3,5-dinitroaniline 1,3DNB 1,3-dinitrobenzene 2,4DNT 2,4-dinitrotoluene DREV Defence Research Establishment Valcartier (Canada) EL Environmental Laboratory EOD Explosive ordnance disposal ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center GC-ECD Gas chromatography-electron capture detection HMX Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine LAW Light Antitank Weapon MMR Massachusetts Military Reservation 3-NA 3-nitroaniline NG Nitroglycerin RDX Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine RP-HPLC-UV Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection SARM Standard Analytical Reference Materials TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene UXO Unexploded ordnance YTC Yakima Training Center, Washington 4 Preface This report was prepared by the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) in partnership with the Defence Research Establishment Valcartier (DREV), Canada, the University of Florida and AMEC Earth and Science, Inc. (AMEC). The research was sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Arlington, VA, Mr. Bradley P. Smith, Executive Director, and Dr. Jeff Marqusee, Technical Director, under Compliance Project Number CP1155. The principal investigator was Dr. Judith C. Pennington, Research Biologist, Environmental Processes and Engineering Division (EPED), Environmental Laboratory (EL), ERDC, Vicksburg, MS. Co-principal investigators were Dr. Thomas F. Jenkins, Research Chemist, Environmental Sciences Branch (ESB), Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, ERDC, Hanover, NH; Dr. James M. Brannon, Geochemist, EPED, ERDC, EL; Drs. Guy Ampleman and Sonia Thiboutot, Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, Québec, Canada; LTC Jason Lynch, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and Mr. Jay Clausen, AMEC, Westford, MA. Range soil characterization research reported in Chapter 2 was conducted by Dr. Jenkins, Ms. Marianne E. Walsh, Research Chemical Engineer, Mr. Alan D. Hewitt, Research Physical Scientist, Environmental Sciences Branch; Mr. Jeffrey A. Stark, Physical Sciences Technician, Civil Engineering Research Branch; and Ms. Nancy Perron, Physical Sciences Technician, Snow and Ice Branch, ERDC, CRREL; Dr. Pennington and Dr. June E. Mirecki, Geochemist, ERDC, EL; Mr. Thomas A. Ranney, Staff Scientist, Science and Technology Corporation, Lebanon, NH; and Ms. Charlotte A. Hayes, Staff Scientist, DynTel, Vicksburg, MS. Characterization of Canadian ranges reported in Chapter 3 was conducted by Drs. Ampleman and Thiboutot, and Mr. Jeff Lewis, DREV. Research on soil partitioning and explosives dissolution reported in Chapter 4 was conducted by Dr. James M. Brannon, ERDC, EL; LTC Jason Lynch and Dr. Joseph J. Delfino, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and Ms. Hayes, DynTel. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Mr. Dale Tadewald, Range Manager, and Mr. Lawrence B. Fain, Environmental Compliance Manager, Yakima Training Center. This study could not have been conducted without their active support and assistance. The authors also acknowledge SSG. Michael Terhorst and SSG. John Szillinsky, 53rd EOD, for identifying the munitions responsible for creating various craters within the artillery impact area and for providing overall EOD support. In addition we thank LTC Robert E. Kempfe, Commander YTC for his support in conducting this research. 5 The authors acknowledge the active participation of Col. Joe Michaels, Facility Manager, Mr. Frank Seifert, Hazardous Waste Manager, and MSG Danny Moss, Environmental Engineer, from the Wyoming National Guard, and Mr. John A. Moser, Geohydrologist, U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, who assisted in soil and water sample collection during the sampling activity at Camp Guernsey, Wyoming. In addition, we would like to thank CW4 David Beach and MSG Brad Boyer from 3rd BN 10th SFG (A), Fort Carson CO, and SFC Guy Mosier and SGT Tim Walker from HQ STARC, Wyoming National Guard, who conducted detonations of UXO items in support of this study. Col. Michaels and MSG Danny Moss are specially acknowledged for collection of the firing point soil samples at Camp Guernsey. This report was reviewed by Drs. Terry Sobecki and Jeff Davis, ERDC, EL. The study was conducted under the direct supervision of Dr. Richard E. Price, Chief, EPED, EL, Dr. Edwin A. Theriot, Director, ERDC, EL, Dr. J. C. Tatinclaux, Chief, ESB, CRREL, and Dr. Barbara Sotirin, Director, ERDC, CRREL. At the time of publication of this report, Director of ERDC was Dr. James R. Houston. Commander was COL John W. Morris, III. This report may be cited as one document or by chapters as follows: Whole report: Pennington, J. C., Jenkins, T. F., Ampleman, G., Thiboutot, S., Brannon, J. M. Lynch, J., Ranney, T. A., Stark, J. A., Walsh, M. E., Lewis, J., Hayes, C. A., Mirecki, J. E. Hewitt, A. D., Perron, N., Clausen, J. and Delfino, J. J. (2002). “Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges: Interim Report 2,” ERDC TR-02-XX, U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS. Chapter 1 Pennington, J. C., and Clausen, J. (2002). “Introduction,” Chapter 1, Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges: Interim Report 2, ERDC TR-02-XX, U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS. 6 Chapter 2: Jenkins, T. F.,