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History of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station, 1966 - 2003

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History of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station, 1966 - 2003 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES History of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station, 1966 - 2003 Mike Thomas, Research Biologist (retired) and Todd Wills, Area Station Manager Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Lake St. Clair Great Lakes Station was constructed on a confined dredge disposal site at the mouth of the Clinton River and opened for business in 1974. In this photo, the Great Lakes Station (red roof) is visible in the background behind the lighter colored Macomb County Sheriff Marine Division Office. Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station Website: http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_52259_10951_11304---,00.html FISHERIES DIVISION LSCFRS History - 1 History of the Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station, 1966-2003 Preface: the other “old” guys at the station. It is my From 1992 to 2016, it was my privilege to hope that this “report” will be updated serve as a fisheries research biologist at the periodically by Station crew members who Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station have an interest in making sure that the (LSCFRS). During my time at the station, I past isn’t forgotten. – Mike Thomas learned that there was a rich history of fisheries research and assessment work The Beginning - 1966-1971: that was largely undocumented by the By 1960, Great Lakes fish populations and standard reports or scientific journal the fisheries they supported had been publications. This history, often referred to decimated by degraded habitat, invasive as “institutional memory”, existed mainly in species, and commercial overfishing. The the memories of station employees, in invasive alewife was overabundant and vessel logs, in old 35mm slides and prints, massive die-offs ruined Michigan beaches. and sometimes in notes written along the Industrial and municipal point-sources crinkled and yellowed edges of old data resulted in both chemical and nutrient sheets. In early 2010, Robert Haas, the pollution problems in many of the nearshore founding station manager mentioned he areas of the Great Lakes, particularly those was considering retirement. I immediately near larger towns and cities. Even in decided to record some of the unwritten connecting waters like the St. Mary’s River history of fisheries research and and St. Clair/Detroit River, where huge daily assessment at the Lake St. Clair Station flow volumes diluted the chemicals and before Bob retired. So, beginning in 2010 a nutrients dumped into the system, biological series of interviews were conducted with impairment was common and water clarity Bob (station manager), Ken Koster was reduced by abundant algae. By 1970, (technician), and Jack Hodge (boat captain). biologists and ecologists had officially My purpose was to document some of the declared Lake Erie “dead” due to the “institutional memory” of the history of extreme level of pollution. fisheries assessment efforts by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Prior to 1960, the State of Michigan did little (DNR) on southern Lake Huron and to monitor or manage the fisheries of the Saginaw Bay, the St. Clair/Detroit River Great Lakes which had historically been System, and Lake Erie, since the 1960’s. managed by federal agencies for We often consulted the cruise logs and commercial fish production. Once a visitor records kept by the captains of the successful control method for the R/V Channel Cat. In a few cases, official destructive sea lamprey was developed in department memorandums or interoffice the early 1960’s, the State undertook an communications were found in old files that effort to expand recreational fishing in also provided historical perspective. Some Michigan’s waters of the Great Lakes. Part parts of the narrative came from individuals of this effort included assessment of habitat who provided details of specific events they and fish populations, while another part was had experienced while working with Station the now famous stocking of Pacific salmon. personnel or on the research vessel. A few In order to begin monitoring fish populations vintage photographs have been scanned in the Michigan waters of the Great Lakes, and included. To provide some additional Fisheries Division invested in personnel and historical context, I’ve briefly summarized infrastructure (vessels and facilities) by the changing conditions of the Great Lakes establishing four Great Lakes Stations and the fisheries across the years. With my (Marquette, Charlevoix, Alpena, and Mount retirement, I am passing the torch to one of Clemens). LSCFRS History - 2 In the mid-1960’s, Steve Swan was the In 1967, Bob spent part of the summer district fisheries biologist at the Pontiac working on Lake Erie with the Ohio DNR District Office. The front office in Lansing and actually stayed on their vessel. They instructed Steve to start a creel survey on spent part of the summer trawling in Lake St. Clair (LSC) in January 1966. Steve Michigan waters of the lake. One time, while hired Warren Alward as the lead creel clerk running to a station, they lost the trawl off for the survey, along with Lee Force and the back of the vessel and didn’t realize it Robert Wojociechowski. In May 1966, Dr. until they arrived at the station and then Howard Tanner (Fisheries Chief and later, found the cables, doors, and trawl were DNR director) hired Robert Haas, freshly gone. After completing Lake Erie survey graduated from the University of Michigan work in late summer, Bob couldn’t get back (UM), to lead DNR fisheries work on LSC home through Detroit due to the 12th Street (under the Pontiac District). This new effort Riot. So he had to navigate a circuitous on Lake St. Clair coincided with the route through Ann Arbor and Pontiac to get germination of the Michigan DNR Great home to New Baltimore. Creel clerk Bob Lakes program. To start with, Bob worked Wojociechowski was in the National Guard out of his house in New Baltimore and was called up to help quell the violence supervising the clerks working on the creel in Detroit during the social unrest. survey. Later in 1966, Bob moved into an office at Schmid Marina in New Baltimore. Later in 1967, Bob Haas was commercial Bob scrounged up some trap nets and a fish sampling on Lake Erie on a trap net work barge (powered with an old outboard boat (probably with the Laginess fishery), motor) for netting work on the lake. The and met Harlan Maybee, who was visiting creel survey continued through 1967, and the commercial fisherman. Harlan asked possibly into 1968, and included both the Bob if he wanted to buy a boat. It turned out open water and ice fishery. During the that Harlan, who was then 60 years old and winter, the creel survey crew hauled a big a rather small guy, built Lake Erie trap net old wooden shanty out onto the ice by boats, all by himself, near Toledo. At the Fairhaven and used it for storing equipment time Bob met him, Harlan had a hull almost and data sheets. finished (Photo 1 below) for a commercial fisherman who had backed out of the deal. In 1967, Bob borrowed a big Thunderbird Bob promptly checked it out and ended up (whaler-like hull) boat from the Charlevoix buying the hull for $8,000. The vessel was Great Lakes Station to use for netting work. not yet powered, so Bob arranged to Fisheries Division apparently didn’t want purchase the engines directly from Detroit Bob running the bigger boat, so a Law Diesel, and then Harlan installed them. Enforcement Division (LED) boat captain Harlan strongly recommended having the was loaned to Lake St. Clair to run the vessel documented by the USCG, which Thunderbird. The captain was Chuck Forge required a unique name. Bob recalled that (aka “Tarpots”). Chuck was a commercial at this same time, Fisheries Division was law enforcement officer/boat captain, and heavily involved in trap and transfer of actually was the captain on the patrol boat channel catfish from Anchor Bay to Chinook when it was a LED commercial Holloway Reservoir and some fishery patrol boat (the Chinook eventually impoundments on the Kalamazoo River. became the Fisheries Division survey Apparently, this work was the inspiration for vessel for Lake Huron). Like many future the name of the new vessel, R/V Channel Fisheries Division research vessel captains, Cat. Michigan DNR took possession of the Chuck Forge had a family history that R/V Channel Cat late in the summer of included commercial fishing (Saginaw Bay - 1968. Additional work to outfit the vessel for Bay Port area). trawling (dual warp set-up) was completed in fall of 1968. LSCFRS History - 3 Photo 1: This 1967 photo shows the newly built Lake Erie trap net hull that would eventually become the R/V Channel Cat. Note the vessel has not yet been powered; no shafts, skegs, screws, or engines installed. The transom was removed to facilitate trawling and trap netting. In 1969, a gill net survey was started in In 1970, mercury contamination was Lake Erie with the new R/V Channel Cat as discovered in the St. Clair River and health the work platform. Catches were amazingly officials closed down the fishery in the St. low. One lift in April, near Monroe, resulted Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, and in only 2 perch and 1 walleye caught in Lake Erie. The source of the contamination 1200’ of 15’ deep gill net. Another set just was traced back to the petrochemical south of the River Raisin channel caught 2 complex on the St. Clair River near Sarnia, walleye and 1 perch. Bob remembered that Ontario. Fishing on these waters was Lake Erie biologists from other jurisdictions immediately banned by Governor Milliken to were very concerned that walleye were in protect the public from mercury poisoning, danger of going extinct in Lake Erie at this and conservation officers posted “No time.
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