Proceedings Today, a steadily growing store of information is called for in order to understand the increasingly complex technologies used in modern automobiles. Functions, modes of operation, components and systems are rapidly evolving, while at the same time the latest expertise is disseminated directly from conferences, congresses and symposia to the professional world in ever-faster cycles. This series of proceedings offers rapid access to this information, gathering the specific knowledge needed to keep up with cutting-edge advances in automotive technologies, employing the same systematic approach used at conferences and congresses and presenting it in print (available at Springer.com) and electronic (at SpringerLink and Springer für Professionals) formats.

The series addresses the needs of automotive engineers, motor design engineers and students looking for the latest expertise in connection with key questions in their field, while professors and instructors working in the areas of automotive and motor design engineering will also find summaries of industry events they weren’t able to attend. The proceedings also offer valuable answers to the topical questions that concern assessors, researchers and developmental engineers in the automotive and supplier industry, as well as service providers. Peter E.Pfeffer Editor

5th InternationalMunich Chassis Symposium 2014 chassis.techplus Editor

Prof. Dr. Peter E. Pfeffer Munich University of Applied Sciences Munich, Germany

ISBN 978-3-658-05977-4 ISBN 978-3-658-05978-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-05978-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014940856

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The key drivers of innovation in the field of chassis systems are measures to improve vehicle dynamics and driving safety, efforts to reduce fuel consumption, and intelligent development methods. In addition, chassis development is focusing on enhancing ride comfort while also improving NVH characteristics. At the same time, modularization strategies, concepts for the electrification of the powertrain, and steps towards greater system connectivity are making increasingly complex demands on the chassis and its development. Developers are being called upon to respond to these challenges with a variety of solutions.

On 24 and 25 June 2014, chassis.tech plus will bring together experts in the field of the chassis, steering systems, brakes, and wheels / tires for an exchange of ideas and experience and constructive discussions on the latest topics. On behalf of the Scientific Advisory Board, we cordially invite you to attend the 5th International Munich Chassis Symposium, the largest event of its kind in the world. Renowned keynote speakers will give a valuable overview of challenges and solutions for the chassis of the future. In the well-established manner, four parallel sections will specifically address issues relating to the chassis, steering systems, brakes, and wheels / tires. The program will be rounded off by a plenary section on future chassis development and driver assistance systems as well as automated driving.

We look forward to welcoming you at the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in the heart of Munich and wish you a pleasant journey and interesting and exciting days at the International Chassis Symposium.

Prof. Dr. Peter E. Pfeffer Munich University of Applied Sciences Scientific Director of the Symposium

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INDEX – Volume 1

CHASSIS.TECH PLUS SECTION

KEYNOTE SPEECHES THE CHASSIS OF THE FUTURE Automotive development in a process of change 1 Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hackenberg, AUDI AG Goals and challenges of future chassis developments – 3 solving a multidimensional optimization problem Brandon Vivian, General Motors Company, USA; Dr. V. Held, Adam Opel AG Driving dynamics of the BMW 2 Series Active Tourer 7 (Die Fahrdynamik des BMW 2er Active Tourer) Martin Schuster, M. Schwarz, C. Kilian, K. Huber, A. Schuhmann, BMW Group

TRENDS IN CHASSIS DEVELOPMENT Performance-improved simulator for the quantification 11 of steering feel and vehicle maneuvering Dr. Shirou Nakano, JTEKT Corporation, Japan Automated driving – Where are we heading? 23 Dr. Hans-Peter Hübner, Robert Bosch GmbH

VII INDEX – Volume 1

PARALLEL STRAND I

NEW CHASSIS SYSTEMS 918 Spyder – the impulse source for future sports car concepts 35 Georg Wahl, Dr. M. Harrer, Dr. A. K. Zschocke, Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG The electronic chassis of the new BMW i8 – 57 influence and characterization of driving dynamics Dr. Christian Wimmer, J. Felten, Dr. D. Odenthal, BMW Group Direct adaptive steering – independent control of steering force 75 and wheel angles to improve straight line stability Satoshi Miura, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan

VEHICLE DYNAMICS TUNING Universal steering and suspension application with objective, 91 subjective and virtual methods Dr. Christian Schimmel, W. Wijts, C. Jablonowski, J. Agostini, AUDI AG Solution spaces for damper design in vehicle dynamics 107 Markus Eichstetter, C. Redeker, Dr. P. Kvasnicka, Dr. M. Zimmermann, BMW Group; Prof. Dr. S. Müller, Department of Motor Vehicles, TU Berlin CAE-based driving comfort optimization for passenger cars 133 Dr. Friedrich Wolf-Monheim, J. Palandri, Dr. P. Zandbergen, Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH; T. Drotar, Ford Research and Innovation Center, USA

VIII INDEX – Volume 1

PARALLEL STRAND II

CHASSIS FUNCTIONS High Integration Platform: a future prospect for chassis functions 151 Stefan Sollmann, Dr. S. Krause, F. Artmeier, G. Hofstetter, T. Witzmann, Elektronische Fahrwerksysteme GmbH Torque vectoring as redundant steering 163 for automated driving or steer-by-wire Kristof Polmans, ThyssenKrupp Presta AG, Liechtenstein; S. Stracke, RWTH Aachen University Motion control: key element in driver-based 179 and automation-based driving strategies Dr. Thomas Raste, Dr. P. E. Rieth, Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG

DRIVING SIMULATORS AND DEVELOPMENT METHODS Active vehicle ride and handling development 183 by using integrated SIL / HIL techniques in a high-performance driving simulator Marco Fainello, Ferrari SpA, Italy; Diego Minen, VI-grade s.r.l., Italy Driving simulator application in commercial vehicle development 185 Dr. Darko Meljnikov, Dr. S. Dronka, L. Noll, Daimler AG Evaluation of steering feel and vehicle handling 201 in the Stuttgart Driving Simulator (Bewertung von Lenkgefühl und Fahrverhalten im Stuttgarter Fahrsimulator) Dr. Gerd Baumann, Dr. W. Krantz, J. Pitz, Research Institute of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS); U. Reuter, Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG; J. Strecker, ZF Lenksysteme GmbH

STIMULUS ADDRESS

Banking outlook on automotive suppliers – 217 characteristics of a sustainable and successful business model Jörn Carstens, Thomas Gronemeier, Commerzbank AG

IX Index – Volume 2

CHASSIS.TECH SECTION

RIDE COMFORT Air spring damper, on the way to exceptional sliding: 219 modeling, development and optimization of an air spring damper with regard to ride comfort and handling Willy Armand Fongue, J. Kieserling, Daimler AG; Prof. Dr. P. F. Pelz, Chair for Fluid System Technology, TU Darmstadt How subjective evaluation by drivers is affected 249 by car body stiffening – proposal of a hypothetical mechanism Hitoshi Kyogoku, J. Nakajima, M. Okabe, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan; T. Geluk, F. Daenen, LMS, A Siemens Business, Belgium Comparability of dynamic chassis measurements 259 with full vehicle tests using the example of a sports car Sebastian Haberzettl, W. Stein, N. Weijenberg, Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG; Prof. Dr. F. Gauterin, Institute of Vehicle System Technology (FAST), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

VEHICLE STABILITY Load problem of lightweight electric vehicles and solution 281 by online model adaptation Florian Kohlhuber, Prof. Dr. M. Lienkamp, Institute of Automotive Technology (FTM), TU Munich Fast identification of a detailed two-track model 303 with onboard sensors and GPS Jakob Bechtloff, M. Bauer, C. Ackermann, Prof. Dr. Dr. R. Isermann, Institute of Automatic Control and Mechatronics (iat), TU Darmstadt The influence of production vehicle dynamics control systems 327 on the yaw stability of car-trailer combinations Dr. Jonathan Miller, T. Beretta, BMW Group

X INDEX – Volume 2

LIGHTWEIGHT DESIGN AND SYSTEMS Methodical conception and development 331 of innovative lightweight chassis systems, illustrated by the example of the “LEICHT“ concept Andreas Höfer, Prof. Dr. H. E. Friedrich, Institute of Vehicle Concepts (FK), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) Improving the development of sheet structures 349 with optimization and simulation methods Sierk Fiebig, J. Sellschopp, A. Rottmann, Volkswagen AG Schaeffler’s electromechanical anti-roll system 361 Dr. Manfred Kraus, Dr. M. Baeuml, Schaeffler Technologies GmbH & Co. KG

XI INDEX – Volume 2

STEERING.TECH SECTION

INNOVATIVE STEERING SYSTEMS AND REDUNDANCY Development of hybrid EPS 367 Satoshi Miura, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan The wheel-individually steerable front axle 383 of the research vehicle “SpeedE” – virtual design and achieved performance of the first prototype Benjamin Schwarz, Prof. Dr. L. Eckstein, Institute of Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University; L. Hesse, Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen mbH Aachen (fka) Active rear axle kinematics – improving driving dynamics, 411 safety and comfort Alexander Hägele, F. Berger, Dr. H. Krimmel, ZF Friedrichshafen AG

ELECTRONICS AND TESTING Fail-operational EPS by distributed architecture 421 Shinya Yoneki, Hirozumi Eki, B. Collerais, JTEKT Corporation, Japan; R. Mariani, Yogitech Spa, Italy Microcontroller for the EPS functional safety, 443 its challenge for fail operational approach Takashi Yasumasu, Renesas Electronics Corporation, Japan Functional testing of an electric power steering 455 using HiL simulations Dr. Martín Chávez Grunewald, A. Hauck, H. Brauner, M. Decker, Daimler AG

XII INDEX – Volume 2

HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE Steering feel generation in steer-by-wire vehicles – 471 modular steering torque computation and requirements for the hand wheel actuator Steve Fankem, Institute of Mechatronics in Mechanical and Automotive Engineering (MEC), TU Kaiserslautern; Prof. Dr. S. Müller, Department of Motor Vehicles, TU Berlin Active Steering Wheel, a new solution 529 to implement active steering functionality into a vehicle Roland Grimm, TAKATA AG EPS steering function – 545 from active return to driving dynamics function Roland Greul, J. Strecker, M. Sprinzl, A. Gaedke, ZF Lenksysteme GmbH

XIII INDEX – Volume 2

BRAKE.TECH SECTION

THE FUTURE OF THE BRAKING SYSTEM Braking in the future – a top-down view 547 (Bremsen in der Zukunft – eine Top-down-Sicht) Prof. Dr. Hermann Winner, S. Fischer, Institute of Automotive Engineering, TU Darmstadt Ideal regeneration with electromechanical Brake Booster (eBKV) 549 in Volkswagen e-up! and Porsche 918 Spyder Stephan Kreutz, Volkswagen AG; M. Lingg, Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG Reduced stopping distance for driver-induced 559 and automatic emergency braking by combined control of friction brakes and electric drive Dr. Martin Rosenberger, P. Kunsch, AUDI AG

DEVELOPMENT METHODS New test method for reproducible real-time tests of ADAS ECUs: 575 “Vehicle-in-the-Loop” connects real-world vehicles with the virtual world Charles Miquet, S. Schwab, R. Pfeffer, IPG Automotive GmbH; M. R. Zofka, T. Bär, Dr. T. Schamm, Prof. Dr. J. M. Zöllner, Research Center for Information Technology (FZI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Ensuring functional safety by networking systems 591 from different domains, illustrated by the example of an electromechanical brake Torben Stolte, P. Bergmiller, Prof. Dr. M. Maurer, Institute of Control Engineering (IFR), TU Braunschweig Configuration of brake components – CoBra 611 Ulrich Ungethüm, Dr. D. Simon, Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG; L. Šebo, J. Sýkora, Continental Automotive Systems Slovakia s.r.o.

XIV INDEX – Volume 2

TESTING AND MODULES OF BRAKING SYSTEMS Testing and assessment of AEB systems for consumer protection 623 Andreas Rigling, ADAC e. V. Technik Zentrum Modular brake system approach for automated parking 633 and automated driving Dr. Michael Kunz, K.-H. Willmann, H. Wienken, J. Feinauer, Robert Bosch GmbH Development of copper-free friction material 647 Konrad Klein, TMD Friction Services GmbH

XV INDEX – Volume 2

TIRE-WHEEL.TECH SECTION

NEW TIRE DEVELOPMENTS AND VIRTUAL METHODS The co-development of the Bridgestone Ologic tires 657 for the BMW i3: new challenges given by the integration of revolutionary vehicle and tire technologies Philip Heijnen, Bridgestone Technical Center Europe, Italy; Martin Pehlke, T. D’Avanzo, BMW Group Application of data mining techniques to tire data 677 within the framework of chassis development Mark Harris, Prof. Dr. L. Eckstein, Institute of Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University Simulation-based method to adapt MF-Tire model parameters 693 to real road conditions Andreas Kerschbaumer, M. Rudigier, Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Austria; Prof. Dr. W. Hirschberg, Institute of Automotive Engineering (FTG), Graz University of Technology, Austria; D. Prezel, AVL List GmbH, Austria

TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING AND MATERIALS State of the art iTPMS development 713 Dr. Thomas Roscher, AUDI AG Managing the tire operating conditions 715 Sven Jansen, Dr. A. Schmeitz, TNO Technical Sciences / Automotive, The Netherlands Use of fiber-reinforced plastics in wheels for passenger cars 717 Markus Tomasini, J. Ertl, P. Jägermeyr, Dr. M. Keigler, M. Nagel, BMW Group

XVI INDEX – Volume 2

TRACTION Friction estimation – optimization of sensor configuration 741 with respect to RMSE and costs Dr. Hans-Ulrich Kobialka, Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (IAIS); C. Lex, Institute of Automotive Engineering (FTG), Graz University of Technology, Austria Tire-road interaction: a multi-scale journey from rubber friction 757 to tire vehicle braking performance Frank Petry, L. Hartikainen, J. Schouten, W. Schuhmann, Dr. S. Westermann, Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg Road classification from two-dimensional 761 model-based friction estimation Hans-Martin Kroll, Dr. B. Buschardt, AUDI AG; Dr. Thomas Svantesson, NIRA Dynamics AB, Sweden; Dr. K. Schmidt, Audi Electronics Venture GmbH; Prof. Dr. M. Lienkamp, Institute of Automotive Technology (FTM), TU Munich

XVII INDEX – Volume 2

CHASSIS.TECH PLUS SECTION

DRIVER ASSISTANCE AND CHASSIS DEVELOPMENT Research into ADAS with autonomous driving intelligence 779 for future innovation Prof. Masao Nagai, Japan Automobile Research Institute; H. Inoue, Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan 50 years of the Ford Mustang 795 Prof. Dr. Pim van der Jagt, Dr. P. Zandbergen, N. Zandbergen, Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH; T. Drotar, Ford Research and Innovation Center, USA

XVIII Speakers

Dr. Gerd Baumann Sebastian Haberzettl Research Institute Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG of Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS) Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hackenberg AUDI AG Jakob Bechtloff Institute of Automatic Control Alexander Hägele and Mechatronics (iat), ZF Friedrichshafen AG TU Darmstadt Mark Harris Jörn Carstens Institute of Commerzbank AG Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University Dr. Martín Chávez Grunewald Daimler AG Philip Heijnen Bridgestone Technical Center Markus Eichstetter Europe, Italy BMW Group Andreas Höfer Hirozumi Eki Institute of Vehicle Concepts (FK), JTEKT Corporation, Japan Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) Marco Fainello Ferrari SpA, Italy Dr. Hans-Peter Hübner Robert Bosch GmbH Steve Fankem Institute of Mechatronics Prof. Dr. Pim van der Jagt in Mechanical and Ford Forschungszentrum Automotive Engineering (MEC), Aachen GmbH TU Kaiserslautern Sven Jansen Sierk Fiebig TNO Technical Sciences / Automotive, Volkswagen AG Netherlands

Willy Armand Fongue Andreas Kerschbaumer Daimler AG Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Austria Roland Greul ZF Lenksysteme GmbH Konrad Klein TMD Friction Services GmbH Roland Grimm TAKATA AG Dr. Hans-Ulrich Kobialka Fraunhofer Institute Thomas Gronemeier for Intelligent Analysis Commerzbank AG and Information Systems (IAIS)

XIX Speakers

Florian Kohlhuber Frank Petry Institute of Goodyear Innovation Center Automotive Technology (FTM), Luxembourg TU Munich Kristof Polmans Dr. Manfred Kraus ThyssenKrupp Presta AG, Schaeffler Technologies Liechtenstein GmbH & Co. KG Dr. Thomas Raste Stephan Kreutz Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG Volkswagen AG Andreas Rigling Hans-Martin Kroll ADAC e. V. Technik Zentrum AUDI AG Dr. Thomas Roscher Dr. Michael Kunz AUDI AG Robert Bosch GmbH Dr. Martin Rosenberger Hitoshi Kyogoku AUDI AG Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan Dr. Christian Schimmel Dr. Darko Meljnikov AUDI AG Daimler AG Martin Schuster Dr. Jonathan Miller BMW Group BMW Group Benjamin Schwarz Diego Minen Institute of VI-grade s.r.l., Italy Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University Charles Miquet IPG Automotive GmbH Stefan Sollmann Elektronische Fahrwerksysteme GmbH Satoshi Miura Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Japan Torben Stolte Institute of Control Engineering (IFR), Prof. Masao Nagai TU Braunschweig Japan Automobile Research Institute Dr. Thomas Svantesson NIRA Dynamics AB, Sweden Dr. Shirou Nakano JTEKT Corporation, Japan Markus Tomasini BMW Group Martin Pehlke BMW Group

XX Speakers

Ulrich Ungethüm Dr. Friedrich Wolf-Monheim Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH Brandon Vivian General Motors Company, USA Takashi Yasumasu Renesas Electronics Corporation, Georg Wahl Japan Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG Shinya Yoneki Dr. Christian Wimmer JTEKT Corporation, Japan BMW Group

Prof. Dr. Hermann Winner Institute of Automotive Engineering, TU Darmstadt

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