Question Answering
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Handling Ambiguity Problems of Natural Language Interface For
IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 3, No 3, May 2012 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 17 Handling Ambiguity Problems of Natural Language InterfaceInterface for QuesQuesQuestQuestttionionionion Answering Omar Al-Harbi1, Shaidah Jusoh2, Norita Norwawi3 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan 3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Malaysia documents processing, and answer processing [9], [10], Abstract and [11]. The Natural language question (NLQ) processing module is considered a fundamental component in the natural language In QA, a NLQ is the primary source through which a interface of a Question Answering (QA) system, and its quality search process is directed for answers. Therefore, an impacts the performance of the overall QA system. The most accurate analysis to the NLQ is required. One of the most difficult problem in developing a QA system is so hard to find an exact answer to the NLQ. One of the most challenging difficult problems in developing a QA system is that it is problems in returning answers is how to resolve lexical so hard to find an answer to a NLQ [22]. The main semantic ambiguity in the NLQs. Lexical semantic ambiguity reason is most QA systems ignore the semantic issue in may occurs when a user's NLQ contains words that have more the NLQ analysis [12], [2], [14], and [15]. To achieve a than one meaning. As a result, QA system performance can be better performance, the semantic information contained negatively affected by these ambiguous words. -
The Question Answering System Using NLP and AI
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 7, Issue 12, December-2016 ISSN 2229-5518 55 The Question Answering System Using NLP and AI Shivani Singh Nishtha Das Rachel Michael Dr. Poonam Tanwar Student, SCS, Student, SCS, Student, SCS, Associate Prof. , SCS Lingaya’s Lingaya’s Lingaya’s Lingaya’s University, University,Faridabad University,Faridabad University,Faridabad Faridabad Abstract: (ii) QA response with specific answer to a specific question The Paper aims at an intelligent learning system that will take instead of a list of documents. a text file as an input and gain knowledge from the given text. Thus using this knowledge our system will try to answer questions queried to it by the user. The main goal of the 1.1. APPROCHES in QA Question Answering system (QAS) is to encourage research into systems that return answers because ample number of There are three major approaches to Question Answering users prefer direct answers, and bring benefits of large-scale Systems: Linguistic Approach, Statistical Approach and evaluation to QA task. Pattern Matching Approach. Keywords: A. Linguistic Approach Question Answering System (QAS), Artificial Intelligence This approach understands natural language texts, linguistic (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as tokenization, POS tagging and parsing.[1] These are applied to reconstruct questions into a correct 1. INTRODUCTION query that extracts the relevant answers from a structured IJSERdatabase. The questions handled by this approach are of Factoid type and have a deep semantic understanding. Question Answering (QA) is a research area that combines research from different fields, with a common subject, which B. -
Quester: a Speech-Based Question Answering Support System for Oral Presentations Reza Asadi, Ha Trinh, Harriet J
Quester: A Speech-Based Question Answering Support System for Oral Presentations Reza Asadi, Ha Trinh, Harriet J. Fell, Timothy W. Bickmore Northeastern University Boston, USA asadi, hatrinh, fell, [email protected] ABSTRACT good support for speakers who want to deliver more Current slideware, such as PowerPoint, reinforces the extemporaneous talks in which they dynamically adapt their delivery of linear oral presentations. In settings such as presentation to input or questions from the audience, question answering sessions or review lectures, more evolving audience needs, or other contextual factors such as extemporaneous and dynamic presentations are required. varying or indeterminate presentation time, real-time An intelligent system that can automatically identify and information, or more improvisational or experimental display the slides most related to the presenter’s speech, formats. At best, current slideware only provides simple allows for more speaker flexibility in sequencing their indexing mechanisms to let speakers hunt through their presentation. We present Quester, a system that enables fast slides for material to support their dynamically evolving access to relevant presentation content during a question speech, and speakers must perform this frantic search while answering session and supports nonlinear presentations led the audience is watching and waiting. by the speaker. Given the slides’ contents and notes, the system ranks presentation slides based on semantic Perhaps the most common situations in which speakers closeness to spoken utterances, displays the most related must provide such dynamic presentations are in Question slides, and highlights the corresponding content keywords and Answer (QA) sessions at the end of their prepared in slide notes. The design of our system was informed by presentations. -
Major and Minor Transnationalism in Yoko Inoue's
asian diasporic visual cultures and the americas 6 (2020) 27-47 brill.com/adva Major and Minor Transnationalism in Yoko Inoue’s Art Yasuko Takezawa AQ1 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan takezawa.yasuko.2u@ kyoto-u.jp Abstract This article elucidates major transnationalism and minor transnationalism through an analysis of works by New York-based Japanese artist Yoko Inoue (b. 1964). Inoue en- gages in social criticism through varied media such as ceramics, installations, and per- formance art. Her works demonstrate minor-transnationalism observed in the rela- tionships she has built with other transmigrants and minoritized individuals over such issues as xenophobia and racism after 9/11, and Hiroshima/Nagasaki and related con- temporary nuclear issues. Inoue also addresses the disparities in collective memory and narratives between Japan and the US as well as socio-economic inequalities be- tween nation-states and the movement of people/goods/money within Trans-Pacific power dynamics, all of which illustrates major transnationalism in the Trans-Pacific. Keywords transnationalism – Hiroshima – transmigrants – 9/11 – Japan – performance art – Sherman E. Lee – General Headquarters (ghq) In their book Minor Transnationalism, Françoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih de- fine minor transnationalism as the horizontal relationship between transmi- grants and/or between minoritized people.1 Meanwhile Janet Alison Hoskins and Viet Thanh Nguyen discuss major-transnationalism in the Trans-Pacific, in reference to the economic, political, and military contact -
Convict Footprints on the Old Great North Road
April 29 - May 15, 2016 Vol. 33 - Issue 9 CONVICT FOOTPRINTS ON THE OLD GREAT NORTH ROAD When: Sat 07 May 2016 & Sun 08 May Selected Dates until Sun 23 Oct 2016 More information http://convictfootprints.com.au/ This is an interactive play conducted on the convict built Old Great North Road in Dharug National Park beside the Hawkesbury River. Audiences are taken on a journey up the road and learn about it from soldiers, convicts and officials. Sandstone LOCAL NEWSPAPER FOR SALE It’s time to find a new owner for the Hills to Hawkesbury Living Magazine. Sales MARK VINT This magazine has been running for over 33 years providing a TV guide, Buy Direct From the Quarry 9651 2182 local history, news and events to a dedicated local community readership. 270 New Line Road The current fortnightly production is run using up-to-date technology and 9652 1783 Dural NSW 2158 has a cost effective, efficient workflow. This magazine is ideally suited to Handsplit [email protected] an owner/operator but could easily be run by a community group. We have Random Flagging $55m2 ABN: 84 451 806 754 thoroughly enjoyed running this magazine but it is time to find it a new 113 Smallwood Rd Glenorie WWW.DURALAUTO.COM home as we are moving to pastures new. Enquiries to Diana 0408 011 193. AIRPORT & CRUISE SHIP TRANSFERS Competitive Pricing, Quality Service. After 20+ years servicing the Hills District, Shuttlz believes it is the longest for in a shuttle is quality, punctuality, reliability, and peace of mind. consistently running shuttle business in the area, and is now UNDER With a LATE MODEL fleet of vehicles, clean and well presented, NEW MANAGEMENT. -
Ontology-Based Approach to Semantically Enhanced Question Answering for Closed Domain: a Review
information Review Ontology-Based Approach to Semantically Enhanced Question Answering for Closed Domain: A Review Ammar Arbaaeen 1,∗ and Asadullah Shah 2 1 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: For many users of natural language processing (NLP), it can be challenging to obtain concise, accurate and precise answers to a question. Systems such as question answering (QA) enable users to ask questions and receive feedback in the form of quick answers to questions posed in natural language, rather than in the form of lists of documents delivered by search engines. This task is challenging and involves complex semantic annotation and knowledge representation. This study reviews the literature detailing ontology-based methods that semantically enhance QA for a closed domain, by presenting a literature review of the relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020. The review reports that 83 of the 124 papers considered acknowledge the QA approach, and recommend its development and evaluation using different methods. These methods are evaluated according to accuracy, precision, and recall. An ontological approach to semantically enhancing QA is found to be adopted in a limited way, as many of the studies reviewed concentrated instead on Citation: Arbaaeen, A.; Shah, A. NLP and information retrieval (IR) processing. While the majority of the studies reviewed focus on Ontology-Based Approach to open domains, this study investigates the closed domain. -
A Question-Driven News Chatbot
What’s The Latest? A Question-driven News Chatbot Philippe Laban John Canny Marti A. Hearst UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract a set of essential questions and link each question with content that answers it. The motivating idea This work describes an automatic news chat- is: two pieces of content are redundant if they an- bot that draws content from a diverse set of news articles and creates conversations with swer the same questions. As the user reads content, a user about the news. Key components of the system tracks which questions are answered the system include the automatic organization (directly or indirectly) with the content read so far, of news articles into topical chatrooms, inte- and which remain unanswered. We evaluate the gration of automatically generated questions system through a usability study. into the conversation, and a novel method for The remainder of this paper is structured as fol- choosing which questions to present which lows. Section2 describes the system and the con- avoids repetitive suggestions. We describe the algorithmic framework and present the results tent sources, Section3 describes the algorithm for of a usability study that shows that news read- keeping track of the conversation state, Section4 ers using the system successfully engage in provides the results of a usability study evaluation multi-turn conversations about specific news and Section5 presents relevant prior work. stories. The system is publicly available at https:// newslens.berkeley.edu/ and a demonstration 1 Introduction video is available at this link: https://www. -
Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning Lecture Notes: Part Vii Question Answering 2 General QA Tasks
CS224n: Natural Language Processing with Deep 1 Learning 1 Course Instructors: Christopher Lecture Notes: Part VII Manning, Richard Socher 2 Question Answering 2 Authors: Francois Chaubard, Richard Socher Winter 2019 1 Dynamic Memory Networks for Question Answering over Text and Images The idea of a QA system is to extract information (sometimes pas- sages, or spans of words) directly from documents, conversations, online searches, etc., that will meet user’s information needs. Rather than make the user read through an entire document, QA system prefers to give a short and concise answer. Nowadays, a QA system can combine very easily with other NLP systems like chatbots, and some QA systems even go beyond the search of text documents and can extract information from a collection of pictures. There are many types of questions, and the simplest of them is factoid question answering. It contains questions that look like “The symbol for mercuric oxide is?” “Which NFL team represented the AFC at Super Bowl 50?”. There are of course other types such as mathematical questions (“2+3=?”), logical questions that require extensive reasoning (and no background information). However, we can argue that the information-seeking factoid questions are the most common questions in people’s daily life. In fact, most of the NLP problems can be considered as a question- answering problem, the paradigm is simple: we issue a query, and the machine provides a response. By reading through a document, or a set of instructions, an intelligent system should be able to answer a wide variety of questions. We can ask the POS tags of a sentence, we can ask the system to respond in a different language. -
Personal Social and Emotional Development Guess the Emotion
Personal Social and Emotional Development Guess the emotion game 1. Find a watch or a clock to use as a timer. 2. Copy the facial expressions below onto separate pieces of paper. 3. Shuffle the pieces of paper and place them upside down. 4. Set the timer for one minute. 5. Player one takes one of the pieces of paper and, without looking, puts it on their head. 6. Player two must describe the emotion without using the word written on their head. 7. Winner is the player who guesses the most emotions correctly within the time limit. After the game ask your child which of the emotions they think that they identify with the most. Why do they feel this way? What do they think might change their mood if they are feeling upset? Think of someone who is special to you and say three things that make them smile. Here is a link to support children who may be feeling a little anxiety towards what’s going on around them at the moment and Yoga really helps to relax the body and mind, give it a go! Parents don’t forget to join in! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhYtcadR9nw Communication and Language Choose and tell your favourite jokes to other people in your family to make them laugh. Can you make up your own jokes? https://inews.co.uk/light-relief/jokes/jokes-kids-funny-497875 Listen to a story that someone else reads to you. There are plenty on our You Tube channel. Can you retell the story when they are finished? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgoihSunrfQ&list=PLk1TAPJ2DJXy- UzjV_iGejNK5rVrxAp_M&index=5 Tell someone in your family a story about an adventure you have had with your favourite toy, for example on holiday, at the shops, in the park. -
Structured Retrieval for Question Answering
SIGIR 2007 Proceedings Session 14: Question Answering Structured Retrieval for Question Answering Matthew W. Bilotti, Paul Ogilvie, Jamie Callan and Eric Nyberg Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 { mbilotti, pto, callan, ehn }@cs.cmu.edu ABSTRACT keywords in a minimal window (e.g., Ruby killed Oswald is Bag-of-words retrieval is popular among Question Answer- not an answer to the question Who did Oswald kill?). ing (QA) system developers, but it does not support con- Bag-of-words retrieval does not support checking such re- straint checking and ranking on the linguistic and semantic lational constraints at retrieval time, so many QA systems information of interest to the QA system. We present an simply query using the key terms from the question, on the approach to retrieval for QA, applying structured retrieval assumption that any document relevant to the question must techniques to the types of text annotations that QA systems necessarily contain them. Slightly more advanced systems use. We demonstrate that the structured approach can re- also index and provide query operators that match named trieve more relevant results, more highly ranked, compared entities, such as Person and Organization [14]. When the with bag-of-words, on a sentence retrieval task. We also corpus includes many documents containing the keywords, characterize the extent to which structured retrieval effec- however, the ranked list of results can contain many irrel- tiveness depends on the quality of the annotations. evant documents. For example, question 1496 from TREC 2002 asks, What country is Berlin in? A typical query for this question might be just the keyword Berlin,orthekey- Categories and Subject Descriptors word Berlin in proximity to a Country named entity. -
12 Surprising Job Interview Tips
12 Surprising Job Interview Tips You’re almost there. Your resume landed you an interview and now it’s time to seal the deal. So what’s the best way to prepare? To find the answer, I looked back on my interviews, sifted through research, and most importantly, asked employees from today’s most coveted companies. I tried to find deep insights beyond the typical “sit up straight!” and “dress to impress!” tips we hear too much. Below you’ll find the 12 best tips to help before, during and after your interview. BEFORE 1. Research Earnings Calls, Quarterly Reports & Blog Posts In today’s world, content is king. Goldman Sachs publishes quarterly reports, Microsoft records its earning calls, and every startup has a blog. With so much out there, I’m baffled that few of us look past the company’s homepage. It’s like we’re writing an essay on The Odyssey without quoting a single passage from the book. Example: If you’re interviewing with Google, here’s two ways to answer: “What’s Google’s biggest opportunity in the next 5 years?” Weak: “I think wearable technology will be big because Google Glass and Apple Watch represent a new trend that shows…” Strong: “Call me geeky, but I was listening to Google’s quarterly earnings call and was blown away by the fact that display advertising hit over $5 billion in the past few years. Therefore, I think that…” Neither answer is wrong, but the latter says much more. It shows you’ve done your homework and give answers rooted in data. -
Vocabulary Can Be Reinforced by Using a Variety of Game Formats. Focus May Be Placed Upon Word Building, Spelling, Meaning, Soun
ocabulary can be reinforced by using a variety of game formats. Focus may be placed upon word building, spelling, meaning, sound/symbol correspon Vdences, and words inferred from sentence context. Teaching Techniques. The full communicative potential of these games can be real ized through good spirited team competition. Working in pairs or in small groups, students try to be the first to correctly complete a task. These games can be used at the end of a lesson or before introducing new material as a “change of pace” activity. Teachers should allow sufficient time for class discussion after the game has been completed. word games 2 Letter Power Add a letter A. From each word below, make two new words by adding a letter (1) at the end; (2) at the beginning. B. Form new words as in A (above). In addition, form a third word by adding a letter at the beginning and the end of the word. 3 Change the first letter. Make one word into another by changing the first letter. Example: Change a possessive pronoun to not sweet. Answer: your, sour. 1. Change a past tense of BE to an adverb of place. 2. Change an adjective meaning not high to an adverb meaning at the present time. 3. Change a period of time to a term of affection. 4. Change was seated to have a meal. 5. Change a part of the head to international strife. 6. Change a respectful title to atmosphere. 7. Change to learn thoroughly to not as slow. 8. Change very warm to a negative adverb.