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Geology of the South Half of the Meramec Spring Quadrangle, Missouri

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Geology of the South Half of the Meramec Spring Quadrangle, Missouri Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1954 Geology of the south half of the Meramec Spring Quadrangle, Missouri Howard Joseph Yorston Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Department: Recommended Citation Yorston, Howard Joseph, "Geology of the south half of the Meramec Spring Quadrangle, Missouri" (1954). Masters Theses. 4733. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/4733 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOLOGY OF rHE SUUTH HAU' or THE HEKAMEC SPRl NG \~U:.l)R\NGLE, 111 SSOUR! BY HOWARD J. YORSTOlli THESIS SCHOOL Of' MINiS AB» METAlJ..URGY O)~ THE UHIVKR.SITX OF MlS~URI 18 partial fulfil.laent of the vork required for the. De,ree of Rol.l&, tU.saouri 1'54 Approved bT - ---~~~..;;....... .r;.,,;aLl!(ll~~- _______ Prole ••or of GeoloU' ...... Acknowledgements The a uthor wi shes to express his appreciat ion to Dr. o. R. Grawe, Chairman of the Department of Geology of the School of Mines and Meta llurgy, University of Missouri, for his valuable assistance and guidance in the field work and. i .n the pr.eparation, critical review and correction of the manuscript. Dr. A. C. Spreng of the Department of Geology of t be School of Mines a. nd Ketallurgy assisted in probleu of paleontology. Dr. E. L. Clark, State Geologist, made aya.ila.ble the maps, water well logs, geophysica.l data. and unpublished manuscripts on file at the Missouri Division of Geological Survey and Wa ter Resources. The writer is further indebted to the staff aa.bers of this organization for their aid, especially to Dr. Thous Beyeridge for contributing his time in discussing problss of stratigraphy and to Mr. Earl McCracken for the identification of questionable rock samples suJ.itted to hill. Filially the author wishes to thaDk the residents of this area who by their wholehearted, enthusiastic cooperation added i_easurably to the pleasure of undertaking this work. 1 1.1 fiLE OF o TENTS Page Ackrlowledg emt"'..n t •••••••• • •••••••' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• ii Table of content •••••• •• •••••• •••••••••• •• •••• ••••••••••••••••• iii List of ill ustrationa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Tii L.is t of p tes ••••• • •••••••• ••• • ••• •• •• ••••••• ••••••••••••••••• ¥iii Li t of p ••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••• I n'troduc t i on •••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••• ,•••••••••• • ••• • ••' . • • 1 Purpos and sc p of r port • ••••• ••• •• • •• ••••••••••••••••••• 1 Previous ~ork ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Present work •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 Geo~raphy •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Location and area ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Karly history and development •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 5 Culture ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 Climate ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 Physiography ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Regional setting and geologic history ••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 topography and drainage •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 Ca"yea • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• is SpriDI•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• li Scenic attractions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 Wildlif••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 Deacri.pti ve geology.............................................. 19 Stratigraphy •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 (}c ll t~rct ~l ••••••••••• 1$ •• " ••• • • •••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 C';.tlnbrian systetn ......... ... () . ....... .... .. ... ............ 20 Erri.n ence f crmc: ti on ••••••• • •••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• 20 Na..m e a. nd hi s tory ................................... 20 Di s tri bution ••••••••••••••••••••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 21 Thickness •• •• •••••• • • ••••. •.•••••••••••••••••••••• 21 Lithologic cha ra cte r .~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 St ra tigrapbi c relations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Paleontology •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 26 Age and correl a tion ................................ 2& Ordovician system Van Buren tonnation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 Gasconade formation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Name a nd history •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Distribution •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Thickness. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 29 Lithologic character ••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 Wea thering •••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Topographic expression •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 43 Stratigraphic relations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 43 Paleontology •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44 Age and correIa tion ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4i Roubidoux formation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 Name a nd history •••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 Diatrlhut.i.OR. • • ••• • ••• • •• •• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • •• ••• 48 Thickness ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 49 Litho1ogic cha.ra·cter ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 50 Weathering •• . .. .. ~ ... .............................. 66 Topographic expr p.ssion . ••• •••• •••• •• ••••••••••• w • '" 66 Strati,graphic r~'J a ti()ns . •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 Paleontology . •••••••• •• II •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 68 Age and correlation •• ~ • • • • ••• • •. • , •••••••.•••••••• 69 Jefferson Ci.ty fonna tion , •••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••• •• • 70 Name and history ••••• o •••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••• 70 Distri ution ••••••••••• • •• .• •••••••• , ••••••• ••••' •• 70 Thickness ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 Lithologic character ••••••••••••••••••••' ••••••' •••• 71 Wea t heri ng •••••••••••••••••• " • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 77 Topograpbic expression ••••• ....•.. .•......... ~ .... 7'1 Stra tigraphic rela. tioDs ...................' ....' •• • •' ..... 77 Paleontology •••••• '"' ........' ••' ...' .........' .................' ..... ' 78 Age and c'orrel ~ tion ............. ., ., .' .... .....' .' • ., ••' .' ....' '" ., . 1,9 Mississippia.n system.......... , ............. ' •••' ••' .' •••••••· •••• ' ••, 80 Penns,lval lian System ............ .. "' ...' "' ....., . .... 0, ••••' . ' • • ' ••••' .....' _ 81 Quatema!"7 systea ••••.••' ..................' ••••••••••' ."• .•' ........ .,., 83 Residu,tIDI ............ .........) • • « if! ... ff' ••••• ,r .. e' . ... fl.' ....- .'.1. ,.",. 83 AlluY1\ID ................. .. .......' •• e' . " •• •••' . " . ' ....' •••' . ' ••~ . 83 Congl omera te •••• • •• II' ... ' ••••- . ....... ~. e " • •••' . " ••' ........ r.' 83 tltructlJr e ••' • •••••• •••• ••••.• • ••••' •• ••••' ."•• .- •••••" •.••. .e ' . , . ' . ' ••- e - ••••- . 84 Region.al ••• •••' .............. " ...' •••••' ••0> " 'I ............ .. a ' • ., •••.. • ' . ' ••' fI IF 84 F"old.s ................. .. ..........,• .•.••••••••' •••• ,'. >•• • • •• ' ••' •••~ ••••" 8-4 Geophysical indication of structure ••••••••••••••••••••••••' .. " 85 Yaul t ••••••••••' ••••••• e ' ••••• ' •••- ...........' .........' •••" . ' •••• ' . •• 86 JOiDt•••••••• , ••.••0' ••••••••••••••••••••• '•••• -. ' ..... e " ..........' . ' • . •• 8'7 Si nl< $. true t'urcs ............................ if • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 88 ECOil0mic l;eology ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 91 L\gricultul"'al lime ............................................ 91 Clay •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••• 91 Copper .... ~ • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 91 I ron ........................................ e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 92 Sa.nd and gravel. ...•................•.......•..•....•..••••• 95 Water resources •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 95 Ponds. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 95 Artificial Lake ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9S Springl ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 95 Streama ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9i Well •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 91 Geologie history •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 98 Conelusions and summary •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 103 Appendix 1 ••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 104 Water well and prospect hole 10,* Bibliography••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 105 V1 t:a.. • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• l()l L1 R')" ' PL\ TF.5 Plate Page 1 . Massi ve dolom.i.. te of the nence formation • •• .••..• • •••• •• •• ••••• •• followino page 26 II • Typical outcrop of G conade dolomite •• • ••• • •••• ••••.••••• ••••• following page 47 Ill . Fig. 1 "ssive cryptozoan chert re f in the . sconadc f ation •••••••• follo 'ing pa e 47 Fig. 2 ea. r view of the r.ryptozoan Clert shown in ttig. 1 • • •• ••• • • •• •• ••• • • following page 47 IV . }fig. 1 Well developed joints in the Roubidoux forma tion ••• •• ••••••••••
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