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TABLE OF CONTENTS DIRECTOR’S VISION ________________________________________________ 4 Doing More By Doing Less: Oxygen______________________________________ 5 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS ___________________________________ 7 A Framework for Automation Using Networked Information Appliances___________ 8 Automated Architecture Exploration for Application-Specific Processors _________ 10 Curl: An Integrated Authoring Environment for the Web ______________________ 12 The Flex Project: Program Analysis and Compilation Technology for Active Distributed Systems __________________________________________________________ 14 The RAW Project ___________________________________________________ 17 Active Trust Management for Autonomous Adaptive Survivable Systems ________ 19 Automated Negotiation_______________________________________________ 21 Digitizing Cities: MIT City Scanning Project _______________________________ 22 Weathering and Surface Appearance____________________________________ 24 A Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure (SDSI) _________________________ 26 Anonymity in Cryptographic Protocols ___________________________________ 27 Basic Cryptographic Primitives _________________________________________ 28 Incremental Cryptography ____________________________________________ 29 Lattice-Based Cryptography___________________________________________ 30 Micropayment Research _____________________________________________ 31 Pseudo-Randomness in Cryptographic Applications ________________________ 32 The Random Oracle Model ___________________________________________ 33 Threshold Cryptology ________________________________________________ 34 A New High-level Hardware Design Flow Based on Term Rewriting Systems _____ 35 Concerning Malleable Cache for Data-Intensive Computing___________________ 37 Memory Models for Architects and Compiler Writers ________________________ 40 SFS, the Secure File System __________________________________________ 43 The Exokernel _____________________________________________________ 44 HAC: Hybrid Adaptive Caching for Persistent Object Systems_________________ 45 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance _____________________________________ 47 Weak Consistency Models and Mechanisms for Scalable Transactional Systems__ 49 Protecting Privacy with Mostly Static Analysis _____________________________ 51 (FALL, 1999) 1 Support for Widely-Distributed Inter-Enterprise Applications___________________ 53 Alcoa/Alloy: New Technology for Analyzing Software Designs Design with Object Models ___________________________________________________________ 55 Self Updating Software_______________________________________________ 57 IOA: A Language and Set of Tools for the Design, Analysis, and Construction of Distributed Systems _________________________________________________ 59 Cilk: A Multithreaded Programming System for Metacomputer_________________ 62 FFTW (The Fastest Fourier Transform in the West) _________________________ 64 Building Blocks for High Performance and Fault Tolerant Distributed Systems ____ 66 Developing a Model-Based Validation Framework for Hybrid Systems Through Case Studies in Automated Transportation ____________________________________ 70 Approximation Algorithms for Hard Optimization Problems ___________________ 73 Haystack: Adaptive Personalized Information Retrieval ______________________ 75 Real-time Clustering and Ranking for the Web_____________________________ 78 Speeding up Learning Algorithms via Random Projection ____________________ 79 INTERFACES & APPLICATIONS ______________________________________ 80 Project LCS-Marine: A New Paradigm for Human Computer Interactions ________ 81 The MAITA Project: Knowledge-Based Support for Monitoring Tasks ___________ 83 Computer Graphics for Capture, Exploration, Design, and Simulation of Human-Scale Environments ______________________________________________________ 87 Computer-Assisted Sketching _________________________________________ 90 Dynamically Reparameterized Light Fields________________________________ 91 High Performance Visualization of Urban Scenes __________________________ 92 LiveWeb __________________________________________________________ 94 Electronic Voting____________________________________________________ 95 Private Information Retrieval___________________________________________ 96 Secure Multicast____________________________________________________ 97 Self-Delegation with Controlled Propagation_______________________________ 98 GALAXY: Enabling Mobile and Affordable Access of On-Line Information using Spoken Dialogue ___________________________________________________ 99 Jupiter: A Spoken Language Interface to On-Line Weather Information _________ 101 SCIENCE & IT ____________________________________________________ 103 Local Rules Modeling of Virus Shell Assembly____________________________ 104 Heart-at-Home: Heart Failure Assistant _________________________________ 106 (FALL, 1999) 2 Acoustic Design and Modeling ________________________________________ 108 Educational Fusion: Internet Solutions for Computer Science Instruction ________ 109 Zero-Knowledge Proofs _____________________________________________ 112 Amorphous Computing______________________________________________ 113 Biological Computation______________________________________________ 115 TRANSPORT_____________________________________________________ 117 Automatic Adaptive Network Operation: Delivering Better Performance without Human Intervention_______________________________________________________ 118 Beyond the PC: The Convergence of Networks, Systems, and Applications _____ 120 Network Aware Internet Video Encoding ________________________________ 123 Computational Video _______________________________________________ 124 CLICK – A New Software Architecture for Building Flexible and Configurable Routers ________________________________________________________________ 126 Removing Barriers To Use ___________________________________________ 127 SpectrumWare ____________________________________________________ 129 The Congestion Manager (CM) _______________________________________ 131 WIND: Wireless Networks of Devices___________________________________ 134 World Wide Web Consortium: Uniquely Positioned to Lead the Evolution of the World Wide Web________________________________________________________ 136 (FALL, 1999) 3 __________________________________________________________________ DIRECTOR’S VISION (FALL, 1999) 4 DOING MORE BY DOING LESS: OXYGEN By Michael Dertouzos You are on business in Paris. You excuse yourself from the meeting, go outdoors, pull out your handy and ask it to contact Joe. It "sniffs" the electro-magnetic surround, finds the local GSM cellular net, and calls Joe in New York. Joe's in-the- wall computer answers. You tell it that the call is urgent, and since the machine also recognizes your handy, it forwards the connection to Boston, where Joe, seated in an office of your subsidiary, is chatting with the local VP. The wall machine of that office, sensing that the door is open, and based on an automation script Joe gave a year ago, determines that it can interrupt him. A pre-stored, life-size image of yourself flashes on the wall, as if you had poked your head through the open door. The image clears its throat. Joe, who could have said, "go away" and you'd never have been the wiser, says, "Hello Jane. How's Paris?" You explain that an attractive site for your French office has materialized, but you have only six hours to grab it. Joe understands and says, "Oxygen, get Juan, Michael and Mary." The machine finds the first two via their home machines. Mary is driving to work in Chicago, and is connected via her car- trunk computer. Within seconds, the Oxygen network creates a secure "collab region" for these five co-workers. As they confer, they say things like "Oxygen, get me the map that came with Lori's long message about two months ago," or "Get all the Web info you can on this new site." At the end of the meeting, Joe says, "We'll do it, unless I see an obstacle in the next hour." He points his handy to the printer saying "Oxygen, send a copy of all the documents we reviewed." You rush to set up the closing. This scenario gives a partial glimpse of what people will be able to do with Oxygen. The new system is a five-year, multi-million research project, pursued in collaboration with our sister Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and sponsored by DARPA. It was launched at the Laboratory's 35th anniversary celebration, in April of 1998. Oxygen's overarching purpose is to let people do more by doing less. It does so through eight hardware-software technologies that enable natural use and increased human productivity. The fun begins with the Handy21, a portable universal device that Oxygen users carry. It looks like a cell phone but also has a small screen, a camera, a GPS module, an infrared detector, and a powerful computer. Except for a tiny analog part connected to its antenna, the entire innards of the handy are software controllable: Like a chameleon, the unit can change at the flip of a bit, from a cellphone, to a two- way radio, a TV, a beeper, a handheld computer, a pointing device and more. Next is the Enviro21 device, which unlike the person-centered handheld is space- centered -- in the office wall, the car trunk, or the home basement. Enviros bear the same relationship to handys as do power sockets to batteries -- they mimic the handys, but with greater storage capacity, processing power and communication speed. Many