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Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare Preliminary Archaeological Excavation Report 19E0443 and R190157

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Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare Preliminary Archaeological Excavation Report 19E0443 and R190157 Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare Preliminary Archaeological Excavation Report for Clare Museum and Clare County Archives 19E0443 and 19R0157 Graham Hull TVAS Ireland Ltd J19/17 November 2019 ITM 544183 687879 Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare A Preliminary Archaeological Excavation Report for Clare Museum and Clare County Archive 19E0443 and 19R0157 Graham Hull TVAS (Ireland) Ltd Job J19/17 November 2019 Summary Site name: Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Crusheen, Co. Clare Townland: Derrycalliff Parish: Clooney Barony: Bunratty Upper County: Clare Planning Ref. No: Not applicable Client: Clare Museum and Clare County Archive National Grid Reference: ITM 544183 687879 Naturally occurring geology: Glacial till over limestone and Old Red Sandstone TVAS Ireland Job No: J19/17 Licence No: 19E0443 and 19R0157 Licence Holder: Graham Hull Site activity: Excavation Excavation area:25m² Date of fieldwork: 18th to 21st October 2019 Date of report: November 2019 Report author: Graham Hull Summary of results: Archaeological excavation at a derelict stone-built house in the abandoned village of Derryboy that is thought to have been abandoned in the mid-19th century, and perhaps at the time of the Great Famine, revealed stone walls, and perhaps evidence of a collapsed turf roof. Artefacts discovered include domestic pottery, parts of an iron cooking pot and other metal objects, a leather shoe, animal bone, a clay tobacco pipe stem and bottle glass. Excavation led by professional archaeologists and assisted by volunteers revealed occupation deposits and the house doorway. Further seasons of excavation are envisioned at the house. Monuments identified: Dwelling house abandoned in 19th century Location and reference of archive: The primary records (written, drawn and photographic) are currently held at TVAS Ireland Ltd, Ahish, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Report edited/checked by: √ Kate Taylor November 2019 Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare Preliminary Archaeological Excavation Report 19E0443 and R190157 Graham Hull Report J19/17a Introduction This report documents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation at a derelict house at Derryboy, Derrycalliff, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare (ITM 544183 687879) (Figs 1 and 2). The following Government publications set out many of the procedures relating to planning/development and archaeology: Framework and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (DAHGI 1999a) Policy and Guidelines on Archaeological Excavation (DAHGI 1999b) Archaeology and Development: Guidelines for Good Practice for Developers (ICOMOS 2000) Review of Archaeological Assessment and Monitoring Procedures in Ireland (Lambrick and Doyle 2000) Background The Creative Ireland Programme (2017-22) is a national culture based programme designed to promote individual, community and national well-being. The central vision of Creative Ireland is that every person living in Ireland will have the opportunity to fully realise his or her creative potential. The focus of Clare County Council is on Creative Ireland's Pillar 2 'Enabling Creativity in Every Community'. The Clare vision is “to ensure the people of Clare discover and have access to cultural expression through creative activity”. Clare Museum and Clare County Archives are heading up a project to utilise their resources to engage with the community for the development of an authentic heritage experience. A famine village is set to be identified and, over a period of five years, targeted excavations conducted to shed light on life in mid-19th century Clare. A multidisciplinary approach to research and interpretation involves community groups, with the project engaging with the wider Clare population and the Irish diaspora, for whom the famine is a key event in the heritage of many. The strengthening of a sense of Irish identity to the diaspora and the enhancement of a sense of pride among Clare people are key features of this initiative. Clare Museum and Clare County Archives have engaged Graham Hull through TVAS (Ireland) Ltd to locate and direct the licensed part excavation of a Famine Period settlement. A suitable settlement in terms of archaeological and documentary survival as well as public accessibility with landowner approval has been identified at Derryboy, Derrycallif, Ballinruan, Crusheen, Co. Clare (Figs 1-5). Within this settlement, a small structure, presumably a house, has been identified as a candidate for partial archaeological excavation. The structure was possibly abandoned at the Famine in the later 1840s and not re-occupied in 1 later years. This presents the opportunity to examine in situ archaeological deposits from the mid 19th century. Location, topography and geology (Plates 1-5) The site is located in the townland of Derrycalliff, in the parish of Clooney, barony of Bunratty Upper, Co. Clare (ITM 544183 687879). The village of Derryboy is uninhabited with a number of stone-walled buildings in various states of ruin. Dense overgrowth of trees and weeds obscures many of the structures. Some of the buildings are shown on the 1840 map and others are shown on the 1893 map. The buildings are all unroofed although there is evidence in some of corrugated iron having been used suggesting that some were inhabited later in the 20th century. According to local information, the last resident left the village in the 1970s. The village is surrounded by commercial coniferous trees with the village overgrown with deciduous trees and bushes. The boreen through the village centre is stone-slabbed in places and used as a public footpath. The building that is the subject of this archaeological excavation survives as a rectangular stone- walled ruin that has a single room with internal dimensions of 4.70m (north-east to south-west) by 2.80m. The eastern wall of the building has been incorporated into a boundary wall for a small field or haggard and is up to 1.50m high. The other three walls are up to 1.10m high but are typically 0.80m high. All the walls are constructed of rough sandstone and limestone blocks and are 0.80m wide. The internal part of the building is level and covered by vegetation and is approximately 0.40m higher than the outside suggesting an accumulation of organic material over the original flooring. A doorway was found at the south-east of the house. The works lie at approximately 110m above Ordnance Datum. The natural geological deposits were not seen but are glacial till over limestone and Old Red Sandstone bedrock. Archaeological and historical background A search of documentary and cartographic sources was made. Information was gathered from the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), the Excavations database and publications (Bennett 1987-2010), and from holdings of the Clare County Library. The site is located in Derrycalliff townland, the Irish name of which is Doire Mhic Amhlaoibh which translates as ‘the (oak) wood of McAuliffe’. The settlement that is the subject of this application is Derryboy (Doire Buí ‘the yellow (oak) wood’). Cartographic Sources The 1670 Down Survey map shows the townland of Derrycalliff as ‘Dericaelefe’. The 1641 owner of the townland was Edmond oge McDermod O’Quin (Catholic) and the 1670 owner was Theobald Butler (Catholic). The 1840 1st edition Ordnance Survey map (Fig. 2) shows the nucleated settlement of Derryboy as having ten structures. These all appear to be traditional cottages of varying size. The target of the 2 excavation is one of the smaller buildings. There are attached small fields or haggards associated with the settlement that straddles a narrow track or boreen. An Ordnance Survey trigonometrical station is shown to the south of the hilltop settlement with a height of 407 feet above sea level (Poolbeg Lighthouse, Dublin). The adjusted value for this level is 126.80m above Ordnance Datum (Malin Head). The 1840 map shows that in the wider landscape within the townland and in neighbouring townlands a relatively large number of now deserted nucleated settlements were present in the immediate years before the famine and consequent depopulation of the 1840s. The Ordnance Survey map at 1” to the mile (not illustrated) surveyed in 1918 does not show great detail for the village of Derryboy. The 1893 Ordnance Survey map (Fig. 3) shows eleven buildings of varying size in the village of Derryboy. Some, including the target of excavation, are those shown on the 1st edition map. Others are new. The target structure is shown as an unroofed ruin. Others in the village are roofed but ruined. Sheepfolds are shown at the margins of the village and a lime kiln is indicated at the north-east. The boreen noted above is shown running through the middle of the village. Modern mapping (Fig. 4) and field observation shows the village surviving essentially the same as the 1893 mapping but surrounded by coniferous plantation. The village and its associated structures, boreen and fields are heavily overgrown with deciduous trees. Record of Monuments and Places / Sites and Monuments Record A total of two monuments are listed on the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and/or Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) within 1km of the proposed works and as shown on the departmental website (www.archaeology.ie). These monuments are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Sites and Monuments Record / Record of Monuments and Places monuments within 1km of the proposed site SMR No. Townland Type ITM Distance from site CL018-050 Caher (Bunratty Upper By.) Enclosure 544423 688357 520m NE CL018-051 Caher (Bunratty Upper By.) Enclosure 544503 688547 715m NE The enclosures are undated but are likely are likely to date to the early medieval period and represent semi-defended farmsteads of the second half of the first millennium AD. Both enclosures are shown on the 1840 map but are not present on later mapping and are not visible on aerial photographs.
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