Abstract a Taxonomic and Biogeographic Analysis Of

ABSTRACT

A TAXONOMIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM SPECIES COMPLEX

by Lauren Marie Rogers

The Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray species complex (Fabaceae) is a group of closely related clovers native to western North America. The group ranges from Mexico to the United States and Canada. Based on the most recent treatment by Vincent and Isely in 2012, the species complex includes five species, one of which contains two varieties. The taxonomy of the species complex has historically been unstable, so an analysis of morphological data was conducted from herbarium specimens to revise the taxonomy of the species complex. Principal component analyses and cluster analyses support five taxa that are recognized here: T. bifidum, T. ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, T. oliganthum, and T. palmeri. Additionally, the equilibrium model of island biodiversity’s predictions on rates of speciation were tested on specimens from the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island. The results support the model’s prediction of low rates of speciation in island systems that are close to the mainland.

A TAXONOMIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM SPECIES COMPLEX

A Thesis

Submitted to the

Faculty of Miami University

in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of

Master of Science

Lauren Marie Rogers

Miami University

Oxford, Ohio

2019

Advisor: Michael A. Vincent

Reader: Richard C. Moore

Reader: M. Henry H. Stevens

This Thesis titled

A TAXONOMIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM SPECIES COMPLEX

Lauren Marie Rogers

has been approved for publication by

The College of Arts and Science

and

Department of Biology

______Michael A. Vincent

______Richard C. Moore

______M. Henry H. Stevens

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 1

Materials and Methods ...... 9

Results ...... 13

Discussion ...... 32

Taxonomic Treatment ...... 38

Conclusion ...... 69

References ...... 70

Appendix 1 ...... 74

Appendix 2 ...... 79

Appendix 3 ...... 85

Appendix 4 ...... 113

Appendix 5 ...... 145

iii

List of Tables Table 1. Names published in the Trifolium gracilentum species complex………………..8 Table 2. Results of a MANOVA of T. gracilentum from the mainland and islands…….17 Table 3. Results of a MANOVA of T. palmeri from the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island……………………………………………………………………………..17

List of Figures Figure 1. Patterns of migration and diversification on islands……………………………7 Figure 2. PCA scatterplot with all OTUs………………………………………………...17 Figure 3. PCA scatterplots comparing all pairs of species………………………………18 Figure 4. CA phenogram of all OTUs…………………………………………………...20 Figure 5. CA phenograms comparing all pairs of species……………………………….21 Figure 6. CA phenogram of two groups of T. gracilentum……………………………...24 Figure 7. PCA scatterplot of two groups of T. gracilentum……………………………...24 Figure 8. Box and whisker plots and histograms of selected characters in two groups of T. gracilentum………………………………………………………………………22 Figure 9. Distribution map of T. gracilentum group 1 and group 2………………...... 26 Figure 10. Distribution map of the two potential varieties of T. bifidum………………..27 Figure 11. Box and whisker plots and histograms of selected characters in two potential varieties of T. bifidum……………………………………………………………28 Figure 12. PCA scatterplot of T. gracilentum in four geographic regions……………....29 Figure 13. CA phenogram of T. gracilentum in four geographic regions……………….29 Figure 14. PCA scatterplot of T. palmeri in three geographic regions…………………..30 Figure 15. CA phenogram of T. palmeri in three geographic regions…………………...30 Figure 16. PCA scatterplot of T. ciliolatum in three geographic regions………………..31 Figure 17. CA phenogram of T. ciliolatum in three geographic regions………………...31 Figure 18. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the first couplet of the key……39 Figure 19. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the second couplet of the key...40 Figure 20. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the third couplet of the key…...40 Figure 21. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the fourth couplet of the key…41 Figure 22. Geographic distribution of Trifolium bifidum………………………………..45 Figure 23. Representative specimen of Trifolium bifidum……………………………….46 Figure 24. Geographic distribution of Trifolium ciliolatum……………………………..50 Figure 25. Representative specimen of Trifolium ciliolatum…………………………….51 Figure 26. Geographic distribution of Trifolium gracilentum…………………………...56 Figure 27. Representative specimen of Trifolium gracilentum………………………….57 v

Figure 28. Geographic distribution of Trifolium oliganthum……………………………62 Figure 29. Representative specimen of Trifolium oliganthum…………………………...63 Figure 30. Geographic distribution of Trifolium palmeri………………………………..67 Figure 31. Representative specimen of Trifolium palmeri………………………………68

Acknowledgements

First, I would like to thank my parents, Allen and Debbie, and my sister, Christine, for always being there for me. I also thank my lab-mates/friends Lydia Tressel and Brody Betsch for their love, support, and acceptance. I also owe a great deal of thanks to my other friends, especially Katie and Mimi, for being rays of positivity in my life. Thank you to the staff at the Channel Islands National Park and the Catalina Island Conservancy for allowing me to visit and collect specimens from the Channel Islands. Finally, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Mike Vincent, and my committee members, Dr. Rich Moore and Dr. Hank Stevens, for their support and guidance.

vii

Introduction The legume family, Fabaceae, is the third largest family of flowering plants, with about 745 genera and 16,020 species (Ellison et al., 2006; Christenhusz et al., 2017). This family is not only great in size, but also in economic importance. Fabaceae is the second-most economically important angiosperm family, due to the use of legumes as food crops, fodder, and wood, to name a few uses (LPWG, 2017). The importance of the family extends to ecology, since most legume species form mutualistic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (LPWG, 2017). The family is incredibly diverse, with members that are trees, vines, shrubs, and herbs (LPWG, 2017). One genus within the family that includes many herb species is Trifolium L., the clover genus. With around 250 species, Trifolium is one of the largest and most economically important genera in the family Fabaceae (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Ellison et al., 2006; Christenhusz et al., 2017). Trifolium species are annual or perennial herbs characterized by leaves with usually three leaflets, and many-flowered, typically head-like or umbellate inflorescences (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Ellison et al., 2006). Clovers grow in a wide range of habitats, such as grasslands, open woodlands, and mountains, and they frequently grow in high sunlight, on slopes, and in disturbed areas (Ellison et al., 2006; Dalke, 2008). The genus is widespread across temperate and subtropical climates, with centers of diversity in the Mediterranean region, western North America, and eastern Africa (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Ellison et al., 2006). From their native regions, many species of the genus have been introduced around the world for agriculture— about 16 species are actively cultivated as forage crops (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Gillett & Taylor, 2001; Ellison et al., 2006). The genus Trifolium has been recognized in some sense for centuries, with several early authors such as Theophrastus and Dioscorides describing clovers in their works (Zohary & Heller, 1984). Many scientists have provided treatments of part of the genus, but one of the most comprehensive and widely recognized treatments was a monograph published by Zohary & Heller in 1984. In their monograph, 237 clover species were recognized and placed into eight sections: Lotoidea, Paramesus, Mistyllus, Vesicaria, Chronosemium, Trifolium, Trichocephalum, and Involucrarium (Zohary & Heller, 1984). Under this classification system, the North American clover species were split between sections Lotoidea and Involucrarium (Zohary & Heller, 1984).

Zohary & Heller’s classification was later revised when several of their sections were found to be polyphyletic (Watson et al., 2000; Steele & Wojciechowski, 2003; Ellison et al., 2006). Based on phylogenetic work on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA, Ellison et al. (2006) divided the genus Trifolium into two monophyletic subgenera, Chronosemium and Trifolium, and subgenus Trifolium was further divided into eight monophyletic sections: Glycyrrhizum, Paramesus, Lupinaster, Trifolium, Trichocephalum, Vesicastrum, Trifoliastrum, and Involucrarium. This new classification places all New World species in the monophyletic section Involucrarium (Ellison et al., 2006). The classification of the genus at the sectional level is well-supported, but there are still many unclear relationships at the species level, particularly in western North America (Ellison et al., 2006). California contains a large diversity of native Trifolium species, with nine of North America’s endemic species occurring in the state, compared to only two in Oregon and one in Washington (Zohary & Heller, 1984). Despite this, California clover species are still understudied, and phylogenetic studies of the genus have not clarified completely the relationships among these species (Steele & Wojciechowski, 2003; Ellison et al., 2006; Lulow, 2008). One group of North American clovers which is surrounded by taxonomic confusion, particularly with respect to morphology, is the Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray species complex. A species complex consists of a group of taxa with a great deal of morphological similarities, and the T. gracilentum species complex currently consists of six taxa recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012): T. bifidum A. Gray var. bifidum, T. bifidum var. decipiens Greene, T. ciliolatum Benth., T. gracilentum, T. oliganthum Steud., and T. palmeri S. Watson. In total, 27 names have been published for members of this species complex (Table 1; Vincent & Isely, 2012). The geographic range of the species complex encompasses British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona, and Baja California, with individuals being predominantly found in California (Zohary & Heller, 1984). Based on the classification of Ellison et al. (2006), all members of the species complex fall within clade M of section Involucrarium. There are 4 additional species (the T. dichotomum species complex) that belong to clade M, but these 4 species have undergone sufficient morphological and genetic divergence from the T. gracilentum species complex such that the two complexes are easily distinguishable

(Ellison et al., 2006). Therefore, the T. gracilentum species complex comprises a taxonomic grade rather than a clade. The primary source of taxonomic uncertainty within the species complex is with respect to the species T. gracilentum and T. palmeri. Trifolium gracilentum, the pinpoint clover, ranges from Washington to Arizona in the United States, south into Baja California in Mexico, and offshore to the California Channel Islands and some of the Baja California Islands (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Vincent & Isely, 2012; Ratay et al., 2014). It is an annual species characterized by obcordate to obovate leaflets; unequal calyx teeth that are narrowly triangular; cup-like floral bracts; and loose, 15-many flowered inflorescences (Torrey & Gray, 1838; Zohary & Heller, 1984). The closely related species T. palmeri overlaps with T. gracilentum in geographic range and morphology. Trifolium palmeri, the southern island clover, is found exclusively on the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island (Watson, 1875-1876; Zohary & Heller, 1984). The primary morphological character that distinguishes T. palmeri and T. gracilentum is leaflet shape, where Trifolium palmeri is characterized by narrower leaflets that are elliptical to oblanceolate (Zohary & Heller, 1984). Historically, treatments have disagreed on the appropriate classification for T. gracilentum and T. palmeri. Sereno Watson, the first person to make an official distinction between the two taxa, named T. palmeri as a unique species (Watson, 1875-1876). A few decades later, however, Laura McDermott reclassified T. palmeri as the variety T. gracilentum var. palmeri, and this variety rank was upheld by several other floras and treatments (McDermott, 1910; Jepson, 1925; Zohary & Heller, 1984). The most recent literature has returned to considering T. gracilentum and T. palmeri to be separate species (Ellison et al., 2006; Vincent & Isely, 2012). Since botanists have debated the appropriate rank of the taxa for decades, further studies are needed to determine whether the current designation as separate species best fits available data. The relationship between T. gracilentum and T. palmeri is not the only problematic part of the T. gracilentum species complex. Several other members of the complex have morphological similarities to T. gracilentum, which creates difficulty in identification. For example, T. bifidum var. decipiens, the pinole clover, has a very similar form to T. gracilentum except for its pubescent peduncles and leaflets that are oblong-cuneate and retuse, rather than obcordate (House, 1906; Zohary & Heller, 1984). Although T. ciliolatum, the foothill clover, is

3 fairly morphological distinct, phylogenetic data supports a sister relationship to the T. gracilentum-T. palmeri clade, and T. bifidum specimens have been misidentified as T. ciliolatum, likely due to both species typically having a pubescent calyx (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Vincent & Isely, 2012; Personal observation). Trifolium oliganthum, the few-flowered clover, is easily distinguished from the rest of the species complex due to the presence of an involucre—a character not found in the other members (Zohary & Heller, 1984)—but its position as a sister species to T. bifidum (Ellison et al., 2006) warrants its inclusion in the T. gracilentum species complex. A morphological taxonomic study of the six taxa of the T. gracilentum species complex would help distinguish among these North American clover species and determine the best delimitation for these taxa. Since members of this complex range from the California mainland to the nearby islands, an understanding of the taxonomy of the group would not only clarify the group’s taxonomy but would also offer insight into island biogeography. One of the most prevalent models of island biogeography is the equilibrium model (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967). According to this model, the processes of immigration, extinction, and speciation in an isolated system can be predicted over time by the isolation and area of the islands (MacArthur & Wilson, 1963; MacArthur & Wilson, 1967; Whittaker et al., 2008). The model predicts that the rate of speciation will increase with island size and distance from the mainland, with speciation becoming a significant contributor to the total number of species on the largest and most distant islands (MacArthur & Wilson, 1963; MacArthur & Wilson, 1967; Whittaker et al., 2008). Other models of island biogeography, such as the general dynamic model, have been proposed, but the equilibrium model continues to be widely cited and tested (Whittaker et al., 2008; Whittaker et al., 2017). There are multiple patterns of speciation that can occur on islands (Fig. 1). The first is cladogenesis, where a species that migrated from the mainland diverges into two new species on the island (Kisel & Barraclough, 2010). The second is anagenesis, where a mainland species migrates to an island, and this single lineage evolves into a new, endemic species (Kisel & Barraclough, 2010). In anagenesis, diversification does not occur on the island itself. The third type of speciation is anacladogenesis, in which the mainland species diverges on the island to produce one new species, and the original mainland species also persists on the island (Kisel & Barraclough, 2010). Each of these types of speciation occurs due to decreased strength of gene

4 flow (Kisel & Barraclough, 2010), which is predicted to happen when islands are farther from the mainland. The majority of island studies have been conducted on island systems such as the Galápagos Islands and the Hawaiian Islands (Wallace et al., 2017). These island systems are extremely remote and isolated, with their distances from the mainland being approximately 900 km and 4000 km respectively (McBirney & Williams, 1969; Price, 2004). The California Channel Islands, where several members of the T. gracilentum species complex occur, are much closer to the mainland than the most-studied island systems (20 to 98 km; McGlaughlin et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017). Thus far, tests of the equilibrium model on the Channel Islands have provided conflicting results, so incorporating a biogeographical aspect into a morphological study of the T. gracilentum complex would add the body of research on the equilibrium model in low-isolation island systems (McGlaughlin et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017). The three main predictors in the equilibrium model are time, island area, and island isolation (MacArthur & Wilson, 1963; MacArthur & Wilson, 1967; Whittaker et al., 2008). Of these three, isolation is best suited to be tested by an analysis of the T. gracilentum species complex on the Channel Islands. Time since island formation would be difficult to test in this system due to the complex geological history of the Channel Islands. The oldest rocks found on the islands are approximately 19 million years old, but due to variable uplift rates and possible submergence in the past, the current islands are probably less than 5 million years old (McGlaughlin et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017). Since the age of the current islands is uncertain, it would be difficult to test the effects of time on biological processes. The second predictor, island area, would also be difficult to test with the T. gracilentum species complex. Although the Channel Islands vary in size (2.6 to 249 km2), the non-uniform availability of clover specimens across the eight islands greatly restricts the potential sample size (McGlaughlin et al., 2014). The third predictor, island isolation, is the best predictor to study in this system. The eight islands of the Channel Islands are naturally separated into two groups: the northern islands and the southern islands. The four northern islands (Anacapa, San Miguel, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa) are closer to the mainland and to each other than are the four southern islands (San Clemente, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, and Santa Catalina), meaning that the northern islands are less isolated than the southern islands (McGlaughlin et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017). Therefore, specimens from the collective northern islands, the collective southern islands, and

5 the mainland can be compared to test the effect of isolation on biological processes, particularly speciation. Since the Channel Islands system is, on average, much less isolated than many other islands systems, the equilibrium model predicts that speciation would make little or no contribution to the total number of species on the Channel Islands (MacArthur & Wilson, 1963; MacArthur & Wilson, 1967; Whittaker et al., 2008). Additionally, the difference in isolation between the northern and southern islands suggests that clovers on the southern islands would have a slightly higher rate of speciation than those on the northern islands. In addition to being found on the Channel Islands, T. gracilentum and T. palmeri also occur on Guadalupe Island in Mexico (Zohary & Heller, 1984; Vincent & Isely, 2012). Guadalupe Island is located 260 km from the mainland (Garcillán et al., 2008), which is over twice the distance from the mainland of the most isolated of the Channel Islands. If clovers from Guadalupe Island are compared to those from the Channel Islands, the equilibrium model predicts that clovers from Guadalupe Island would have even higher rates of speciation than the rates on the Channel Islands. In my study, I conducted analyses of morphological data from specimens in the T. gracilentum species complex to reexamine the taxonomy of the species complex. The first objective was to determine the most appropriate taxa delimitations within the species complex by testing the hypothesis that Vincent & Isely’s (2012) treatment is the most appropriate. For the biogeographic portion of the study, the objective was to test the predictions of MacArthur & Wilson’s (1967) equilibrium model on speciation. The hypothesis was that specimens from Guadalupe Island are most morphologically divergent from the mainland compared to specimens from the southern and northern Channel Islands, respectively.

Figure 1. Patterns of migration and diversification on islands. The three types of speciation are cladogenesis (1), anagenesis (2), and anacladogenesis (3; from Kisel & Barraclough, 2010).

Table 1. Names published in the Trifolium gracilentum species complex. Names in bold are recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012). Herbarium acronyms are from Thiers [continuously updated].

Name Publication Type T. bifidum A. Gray Proc. Calif. Aca. 3: 102 (1864) W.H. Brewer 1184 (GH) T. bifidum A. Gray var. decipiens Greene Fl. Francisc. 24 (1891) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. ciliatum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. N. S. 1: 152 (1848) T. Nuttall s.n. (PH) T. ciliatum Nutt. var. discolor Lojac. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 146 (1883) E. Cooper s.n. (not found) T. ciliolatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304 (1848) K.T. Hartweg 1697 (G) T. denudatum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. N. S. 1: 152 (1848) s.col. s.n. (K) T. exile Greene Pittonia 1: 6 (1887) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. filipes Greene Pittonia 1: 66 (1887) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray Fl. N. Am. 1: 316 (1838) D. Douglas s.n. (K) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray f. exile (Greene) McDermott N. Am. Sp. Trif. 300 (1910) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. inconspicuum Fernald Zoe 4: 380 (1894) S.B. Parish 2647 (GH) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. exile (Greene) P.B. Kenn. Muhlenbergia 5: 10 (1909) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. reductum Parish Bot. Gaz. 65: 338 (1918) S.B. Parish 10160 (MO) T. gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. palmeri (S. Watson) McDermott N. Am. Sp. Trif. 300 (1910) E. Palmer 26 (NY) T. greenei House Bot. Gaz. 41: 334 (1906) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. hallii Howell Fl. N. W. Amer. 1: 135 (1903) T.J. Howell s.n. (OSC) T. hexanthum Greene ex A. Heller Muhlenbergia 2: 215 (1906) A.A. Heller 8145 (F) T. inconspicuum (Fernald) A. Heller Muhlenbergia 1: 135 (1906) S.B. Parish 2647 (GH) T. oliganthum Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 2: 707 (1841) T. Nuttall s.n. (NY) T. oliganthum Steud. var. sonomense Man. Bot. Reg. San Franc. Bay 97 Greene (1894) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. oliganthum Steud. f. sonomense (Greene) McDermott N. Am. Sp. Trif. 84 (1910) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG) T. oliganthum Steud. var. triflorum Man. Bot. Reg. San Franc. Bay 97 (Greene) Greene (1894) M.K. Curran s.n. (CAS) T. palmeri S. Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 132 (1875) E. Palmer 26 (NY) T. pauciflorum Nutt. Fl. N. Am. 1: 319 (1838) T. Nuttall s.n. (NY) T. triflorum Greene Pittonia 1: 5 (1887) M.K. Curran s.n. (CAS) T. variegatum Nutt. var. pauciflorum (Nutt.) McDermott N. Am. Sp. Trif. 67 (1910) T. Nuttall s.n. (NY) T. sonomense Greene Gen. Trifolium 545 (1984) E.L. Greene s.n. (NDG)

Materials and Methods Taxonomic analysis A total of 361 herbarium specimens from the Trifolium gracilentum species complex were borrowed from 11 herbaria around the United States: BRIT, CAS, ECON, GH, MO, MU, PENN, PH, SBBG, UC, and US (Thiers, [continuously updated]). All specimens were examined, and a subset was selected to cover the geographic and morphological range of each of the six taxa recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012) within the species complex. The geographic range was defined from the existing literature and online resources. The morphological range was determined by examining the specimens and ensuring that the full range of variation was represented in the selected specimens. In addition to herbarium specimens, new specimens were collected from the Channel Islands during late March and early April of 2019. This increased the sample size from the Channel Islands and allowed for data collection for characters that can be difficult to determine from herbarium specimens, including stem habit (for example, prostrate or erect), height (as opposed to stem length), and flower color (Spooner, 2011). Information about the habitats of the organisms, such as moisture and sunlight levels, slope, and associated species was also recorded since this information is frequently absent from herbarium specimen labels. I collected new specimens from Santa Rosa Island and Santa Catalina Island, and staff from the Channel Islands National Park assisted by collecting specimens from Santa Barbara Island and Santa Cruz Island. A total of 188 specimens were chosen for analysis (Appendix 1), and each of these was measured for 160 morphological characters (Appendix 2). Measurements were made of the stems, stipules, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits of the clovers. Since leaflet shape of the T. gracilentum complex often changes from the base to the top of the plant, leaves from three points along the stem were measured: basal leaves, midstem leaves, and distal leaves. To reduce the effects of developmental age as a confounding variable, only fully developed leaves and inflorescences were measured, and very immature specimens were excluded from the analysis. Continuous macroscopic characters were measured with a ruler (1 mm precision), microscopic characters were measured under a WILD M3C dissecting microscope with a micrometer (0.1 mm precision), and angles were measured with a protractor (1° precision; Appendix 3). Additionally, qualitative characteristics were recorded (Appendix 4). Shape description terminology was based on Harris & Harris (2001). Flowers and fruits were rehydrated with a 1%

Aerosol OT solution, dissected, and measured under the dissecting microscope (Ayensu, 1967; Ahlquist, 2012; Foster, 2015). Seed description terminology was based on Gillett & Taylor (2001). The statistical analyses employed assume random sampling, which is inherently difficult when working from herbarium specimens (Henderson, 2006). However, selecting specimens that spanned the geographic and morphological range of the T. gracilentum species complex allowed for the approximation of a random sample. Also, for specimens where multiple individuals were mounted on the same sheet, only one was selected for measurement to avoid bias due to convenience sampling. Choosing one individual per herbarium sheet rather than averaging multiple individuals from the sheet also ensures that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being compared are individual plants and not populations; comparing data at the population level may mask some of the variation among individuals. Once data collection was complete, statistical analyses were conducted on quantitative data. In preparation for analysis, quantitative characters that were frequently absent from herbarium specimens, such as root, fruit, and seed characters, were eliminated from the dataset. Redundant or invariant characters were also excluded. In total, 70 characters were included in full analyses (Appendix 2). However, parametric multivariate analyses cannot be conducted with more dependent variables than OTUs. Thus, for smaller analyses, a subset of 14 characters was selected from the characters that had the largest loadings for principal components 1 and 2 in a principal component analysis (PCA) of the full data set, since a larger PCA loading indicates that a character has a larger impact on the distribution of the OTUs in a PCA plot (Appendix 2). Preliminary data analyses were run in NTSYSpc ver. 2.1 (Rohlf, 2000). The 70-character data set was standardized, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to create a matrix. Two types of multivariate tests were carried out in NTSYSpc. First, a PCA was used to construct a three-dimensional plot from the first three components to visualize and look for separation among groups of OTUs. Second, a sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical, and non-overlapping (SAHN) cluster analysis (CA) was carried out to identify preliminary clusters of OTUs. The groups of specimens were further tested with R (Appendix 5; R Core Team, 2019). The data was standardized, and a PCA with a correlation matrix was carried out again using the “princomp” function. The results were visualized with two-dimensional and three-dimensional

10 plots, and the variable loadings were used to determine which variables contributed the most to the first three components. The “rgl” (Adler et al., 2019) and “scatterplot3d” (Ligges et al., 2018) packages were used to create the three-dimensional plots. Additionally, a series of smaller PCA plots were constructed to compare each pair of species. The Euclidean coefficient of distance was used to create a matrix, and a CA was carried out to create a phenogram of the OTUs to see if the same clusters identified from the PCA were found in a CA. The type of CA selected was Ward’s method (Ward, 1963), which optimizes the homogeneity of clusters. Ward’s method was chosen because it typically produces more compact clusters compared to other types of CA (Marhold, 2011). When the phenograms were created, the “dendextend” (Galili et al., 2019) package was used to color the labels according to potential taxa. As with the PCA scatterplots, a series of smaller phenograms were constructed for each pair of taxa in order to see if the morphological data allowed the species to cluster separately, and to see if there were any consistent divisions within species that should be analyzed further. For each isolated cluster identified by the analyses, the original specimens were consulted to see if the clusters corresponded to recognized taxa, or if the clusters represented unrecognized taxa. Once stable clusters were identified, taxa were delimited according to the phenetic species concept, where species are defined by the similarity of characters within clusters, and the gaps between the clusters (Sneath & Sokal, 1962; Sokal, 1963; Wilkins, 2009). Box and whisker plots were then created to compare each character among the different taxa. Morphological characters with no or very little overlap between taxa were used to construct a key to the taxa within the Trifolium gracilentum species complex. Quantitative and qualitative characters were used to describe each taxon.

Biogeographic analysis Once the taxa were delimited, taxa with distribution ranges that extend to the Channel Islands and/or Guadalupe Island were analyzed from an island biogeography standpoint. The biogeographical analyses were conducted on the specimens that were collected from the California Floristic Province (CFP). The CFP is a region of land that contains parts of California (including the Channel Islands), Oregon, Nevada, and Baja California (including Guadalupe Island and Cedros Island), and it is isolated by various climatic and dispersal barriers (Baldwin, 2014; Burge et al., 2016). Thus, plants occurring within this region are, at least historically, part

11 of the same gene pool. By comparing OTUs from mainland CFP and island CFP, differences in morphology are most likely to be due to their geographic position on the mainland versus the islands rather than other factors. The type of speciation that was tested for when comparing mainland specimens to island specimens was anagenesis, in which a mainland lineage evolves into a different species on an island (Kisel & Barraclough, 2010). When specimens from different islands were compared— particularly within the different Channel Islands—cladogenesis and anacladogenesis were tested for to see if lineages are splitting into different species within an archipelago. Rather than looking for the complete formation of new, endemic island species, the analysis tested for morphological differentiation between populations. This differentiation, if present, would indicate that the island populations are in the process of speciation, and with more time the island populations may fully diverge into one or more new species. Specimens used for the biogeographical analyses were divided into four geographic regions: mainland, northern Channel Islands (Anacapa, San Miguel, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa), southern Channel Islands (San Clemente, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, and Santa Catalina), and Guadalupe Island. Each taxon was analyzed independently with the 14-character subset data. When sample sizes were large enough, geographic regions were compared with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine whether the centroids of the data for the geographic regions are significantly different (Henderson, 2006). The “MVN” (Korkmaz et al., 2019) and “biotools” (da Silva et al., 2017) packages were used to make sure that the assumptions of multivariate normality and homogeneity of covariance matrices, respectively, were not severely violated. Mild violations were tolerated since MANOVA is robust to violations of these assumptions when sample sizes are relatively large (French et al., 2008). When sample sizes were too small to carry out a MANOVA, the 14-character data set was used for PCAs and CAs on individual taxa to see if OTUs had a tendency to cluster together based on geographic region, and, if so, which regions had higher levels of similarity to one another. Box and whisker plots and histograms were created in Microsoft Excel, and distribution maps of the taxa were created with Google Maps (https://www.google.com/mymaps). Remaining figures were created in R (R Core Team, 2019).

Results Taxonomic analysis The full PCA plot with all OTUs contains only two clearly differentiated clusters (Fig. 2). The smaller cluster corresponds to T. oliganthum, and the larger cluster contains OTUs belonging to the other taxa. Within the larger cluster, there is overlap among the different taxa, but OTUs tend to associate more strongly with other OTUs of the same taxon. In the smaller PCA plots comparing each of the ten possible pairs of species, OTUs clustered with their assigned species with no to very little overlap of clusters (Fig. 3). This higher resolution is likely because these smaller comparisons allowed for the first few components to include characters that have the most variation specifically in the two species being tested, rather than the characters that vary across the species complex as a whole. The phenogram produced by the Ward’s method CA contains several clusters that roughly correspond to the clusters from the PCA scatterplots, and to the potential taxa (Fig. 4). All T. oliganthum specimens clustered on the same branch of the tree, and the T. oliganthum branch was the first branch to split from the rest of the phenogram. Specimens of T. bifidum, T. ciliolatum, and T. palmeri also clustered together within each species, with only a few exceptions. However, T. gracilentum was split into two divergent large groups. Overall, the results of the CAs comparing each pair of species are fairly consistent with the PCA results (Fig. 5). Trifolium oliganthum separates very cleanly from the other taxa in pairwise CA comparisons. Trifolium bifidum and T. ciliolatum also cluster together consistently, with only a few misplaced OTUs which will be addressed in the Discussion section. OTUs of T. palmeri and T. gracilentum, however, were split between multiple large branches on several occasions. Trifolium palmeri was split less frequently, and the division of the species was not consistent among the different phenograms. Also worth noting is that several of the trees containing T. palmeri were constructed from the 14-character data set due to small sample size. Thus, the disjunct distribution of T. palmeri on a few of the phenograms may be due the fact that not all characters were used in the construction of the trees. On the other hand, T. gracilentum was frequently split across two branches, and the way the specific OTUs were distributed between these two groups was fairly consistent. These results warranted a closer look at the variation within T. gracilentum.

A CA was run on only those specimens identified as T. gracilentum. The phenogram produced showed a clear separation of two branches, labeled as group 1 and group 2 (Fig. 6). These two groups are very similar to the groups that appeared in some of the pairwise comparisons (Fig. 5). To see if the division between the two groups held up in other analyses, a two-dimensional PCA scatterplot was produced to compare group 1 and group 2. Although the PCA results do not show a large gap between group 1 and group 2, the OTUs do cluster according to their membership to one of the groups (Fig. 7). The primary difference in morphology between group 1 and group 2 is in overall flower size. OTUs belonging to group 1 have smaller floral parts than those in group 2 (Fig. 8a-d), and the character with the least amount of overlap between groups is the banner petal length, where the mean and median length of group 1 are approximately 1.5 mm shorter than the mean and median of group 2 (Fig. 8a). For each of these floral characters, the frequency distributions have two peaks, but there are no gaps in the distributions (Fig. 8e-h). The results of the CA and PCA suggest that a taxonomic distinction between group 1 and group 2 may be warranted, but other data suggest otherwise. A distribution map of group 1 and group 2 indicates that the ranges of the two groups are almost identical (Fig. 9). The range of elevations of the collection points is also similar between the two groups, although group 2 has been collected from higher elevations more frequently than group 1. Additionally, no qualitative differences, such as differences in pubescence or leaflet shape were identified between the two groups, while qualitative differences were identified among all taxa recognized by this study. Since T. bifidum has historically been split into two varieties, this species was also analyzed in greater detail. In the phenogram constructed from all OTUs, the T. bifidum branch is split into two smaller branches that roughly correspond to the two potential varieties (Fig. 4). However, the height of the node that connects these two branches is much lower than the height at which pairs of species diverge. The PCA scatterplot shows intermixing of the two potential varieties, with no discernable separation between the groups (Fig. 2). The geographic ranges of the two groups have a great deal of overlap, although T. bifidum var. bifidum may be more frequent in the southern part of the range (Fig. 10). The historical basis for the separation of T. bifidum into two varieties is due to variation in leaf morphology. Trifolium bifidum var. bifidum typically has a much deeper indentation at the leaflet apex while the leaflets of T. bifidum var. decipiens are less strongly bifid (Zohary &

Heller, 1984; Vincent & Isely, 2012). Box and whisker plots of these leaf characters show some overlap in the ranges of distal leaflet indentation depth (Fig. 11b) and midstem leaflet base angle (Fig. 11c), but there is no overlap in midstem leaflet indentation depth (Fig. 11a). The species- wide distributions for midstem and distal leaflet indentation depths are right-skewed (Fig. 11d-e), which the distribution of midstem leaflet base angle has two peaks (Fig. 11f).

Biogeographic analysis Of the five species identified through the taxonomic analysis, three of them (T. ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, and T. palmeri) have ranges that extend onto islands. Due to small sample sizes from the islands, only T. gracilentum and T. palmeri were able to be analyzed with a MANOVA test, and the MANOVA test was carried out with the 14-character data set. For T. gracilentum, the OTUs were divided into two groups for the MANOVA test: Mainland (n = 31) and Islands (n = 18). MANOVA is fairly robust to deviations from normality, but it is sensitive to the presence of outliers (French et al., 2008). For this reason, it is important to note that the Mainland group contains eight outliers and the Islands group contains two outliers, as identified by the “MVN” R package (Korkmaz et al., 2019). A MANOVA test using Pillai’s criterion did not find evidence for differentiation between specimens from the mainland and the islands (P = 0.21; Table 2). The sample sizes for the smaller categories of islands were too small for a MANOVA test (Northern Channel Islands n = 9, Southern Channel Islands n = 4, Guadalupe Island n = 5), so a PCA scatterplot and phenogram of the T. gracilentum specimens were constructed to see if OTUs clustered according to their geographic region. The PCA plot and phenogram show a large amount of intermixing of geographic regions, with no clear separation of the mainland group from the island groups (Fig. 12-13). On the phenogram, most of the Guadalupe Island OTUs are located on a branch separate from the branches containing OTUs from the Channel Islands (Fig. 13). However, mainland OTUs also occur on the branch containing most Guadalupe Island OTUs. A MANOVA was also carried out for island representatives of T. palmeri. Since T. palmeri is only known from islands, the two groups used in this test were Channel Islands (n = 20) and Guadalupe Island (n = 16). This analysis had three outliers in the Channel Islands group and one outlier in the Guadalupe Island group that were identified with the “MVN” R package

(Korkmaz et al., 2019). The results of the test showed that there is a difference between specimens from the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island (P < 0.001; Table 3). As in T. gracilentum, the sample sizes for the smaller geographic regions of T. palmeri were too small and uneven for a MANOVA test (Northern Channel Islands n = 2, Southern Channel Islands n = 18, Guadalupe Island n = 16). The PCA plot of T. palmeri shows some clustering of Channel Island OTUs and Guadalupe Island OTUs with most separation occurring along the Component 2 axis, which is consistent with the results of the MANOVA (Fig. 14). Likewise, the phenogram shows that OTUs from the southern Channel Islands have a tendency to cluster together, as do the OTUs from Guadalupe Island, but each of those two geographic regions is split across multiple branches (Fig. 15). The two OTUs from the northern Channel Islands do not cluster together, and they do not appear to be strongly associated with either of the other regions. This may, however, simply be due to the small sample size from the northern Channel Islands. Trifolium ciliolatum does not occur on Guadalupe Island, so the three geographic regions used were Mainland (n = 15), Northern Channel Islands (n = 3), and Southern Channel Islands (n = 2). Sample sizes from the islands were too small to run a MANOVA, so this species was analyzed only with a PCA scatterplot and a CA phenogram. The PCA plot shows that the OTUs from the northern Channel Islands cluster together, and the ones from the southern Channel Islands cluster together as well (Fig. 16). The OTUs from the northern islands cluster with those from the mainland, but the OTUs from the southern islands are slightly separated from those on the mainland. In the phenogram, the two OTUs from the southern Channel Islands clustered together, and two of the three OTUs from the northern Channel Islands clustered together (Fig. 17). OTUs from the two groups of islands were located on separate branches, but they were both found on the same branches as mainland OTUs.

Table 2. Results of a MANOVA of T. gracilentum from the mainland and islands. Df Pillai approx F num Df den Df Pr(>F) Region 1 0.36602 1.4021 14 34 0.2052 Residuals 47

Table 3. Results of a MANOVA of T. palmeri from the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island. Df Pillai approx F num Df den Df Pr(>F) Region 1 0.85822 9.0797 14 21 5.391E-06 Residuals 34

Figure 2. Two-dimensional PCA scatterplot for all OTUs. Colors and symbols correspond to the six taxa recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012). The plot contains two distinct clusters of OTUs.

17 a. * b.

c. d. *

e. f.

18 g. * h.

i. j.

Figure 3. PCA scatterplots comparing each species against each other species. Colors and symbols correspond to each species. Plots constructed from the subset data set are indicated with an asterisk (*). Most pairs of species cluster separately from each other, although a few pairs have a slight overlap between clusters.

Figure 4. Phenogram produced from a Ward’s method CA of all OTUs. Colors correspond to the six taxa recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012), and selected important qualitative characters are mapped onto the phenogram. Clusters mostly correspond to the potential taxa, although T. gracilentum is split across two large branches.

20 a. *

d. *

21 e.

g. *

22 h.

Figure 5. Phenograms constructed from Ward’s method CAs for every pair of species. Colors correspond to each species. Phenograms constructed from the subset data set are indicated with an asterisk (*). Most species pairs cluster separately from each other, although a few OTUs are misplaced and T. gracilentum and T. palmeri are occasionally split across multiple branches.

Figure 6. Phenogram produced from Ward’s method CA of T. gracilentum OTUs. OTUs were assigned to group 1 or group 2 according to their position in the phenogram.

Figure 7. Two-dimensional PCA scatterplot of T. gracilentum group 1 and group 2. Colors and symbols correspond to group 1 and group 2. There is only one distinguishable cluster; however, OTUs from the two groups are differentiated along the component 1 axis.

24 a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

g. h.

Figure 8. (a-d) Box and whisker plots and (e-h) histograms of T. gracilentum group 1 and group 2. Whiskers in (a) indicate the highest and lowest measurements (excluding outliers), boxes represent the interquartile range, the horizontal line inside the box represents the median, and the “x” represents the mean. The floral parts of group 2 are typically larger than those of group 1.

Figure 9. Distribution map of T. gracilentum group 1 and group 2. Group 1 is shown in black and group 2 is shown in red. The distributions of the two groups are almost identical.

Figure 10. Distribution map of the two potential varieties of T. bifidum. T. bifidum var. bifidum is shown in red and T. bifidum var. decipiens is shown in black. The distributions overlap, but T. bifidum var. bifidum is more common in the southern part of the range.

27 a. b.

d. e.

Figure 11. (a-c) Box and whisker plots and (d-f) histograms of selected leaf characters in T. bifidum var. bifidum and T. bifidum var. decipiens. Trifolium bifidum var. bifidum tends to have deeper leaflet indentations and narrower leaflet base angles.

Figure 12. Two-dimensional PCA scatterplot of the T. gracilentum specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors and symbols correspond to the four geographic regions. Plot was constructed with the subset data set. Island OTUs do not cluster separately from mainland OTUs, but most Guadalupe Island OTUs cluster separately from Channel Island OTUs.

Figure 13. Phenogram created with a Ward’s method CA of the T. gracilentum specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors correspond to the four geographic regions. Phenogram was constructed with the subset data set. Island OTUs do not cluster separately from mainland OTUs, but most Guadalupe Island OTUs cluster on a branch separate from Channel Island OTUs.

Figure 14. Two-dimensional PCA scatterplot of the T. palmeri specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors and symbols correspond to three geographic regions. Plot was constructed with the subset data set. Most Guadalupe Island OTUs cluster separately from Channel Island OTUs.

Figure 15. Phenogram created with a Ward’s method CA of the T. palmeri specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors correspond to three geographic regions. Phenogram was constructed with the subset data set. OTUs from Guadalupe Island and the Channel Islands are split across several small clusters, but most are not intermixed.

Figure 16. Two-dimensional PCA scatterplot of the T. ciliolatum specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors and symbols correspond to three geographic regions. Plot was constructed with the subset data set. OTUs from the northern Channel Islands cluster separately from those from the southern Channel Islands, but they are intermixed with OTUs from the mainland.

Figure 17. Phenogram created with a Ward’s method CA of the T. ciliolatum specimens from the California Floristic Province. Colors correspond to three geographic regions. Phenogram was constructed with the subset data set. The northern Channel Island OTUs cluster on a branch separate from the southern Channel Island OTUs.

Discussion Taxonomic analysis The results of the PCA and CA support the recognition of five taxa within the Trifolium gracilentum species complex: T. bifidum, T. ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, T. oliganthum, and T. palmeri. The separation of T. bifidum into two varieties, as recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012), is not supported by the data. Additionally, the results suggest that T. gracilentum may actually comprise two cryptic taxa that were not recognized by Vincent & Isely (2012). Significant gaps in morphology—both quantitative and qualitative—between clusters were used to identify and describe these taxa. Trifolium oliganthum is strongly supported as a unique species, since it clusters separately from all other OTUs in the PCA plots and CA phenograms. The only exception is the specimen TO7, which clustered with T. palmeri in the CA comparing T. oliganthum and T. palmeri (Fig. 5j). However, this specimen has the distinctive involucre and laciniate stipules of T. oliganthum and may have clustered with T. palmeri due to its wider than average leaflets. Thus, all the data support the continued recognition of T. oliganthum as a species. One of the largest sources of variation within T. oliganthum is leaflet width. While some leaflets are extremely narrow and linear (0.6 mm in width), others are much broader and more elliptic in shape (up 6.3 mm in width). This has been previously observed as well. In 1894, Greene recognized T. oliganthum var. sonomense and T. oliganthum var. triflorum, both of which were described as having broader leaflets than other members of the species. Both varieties have since been listed as synonyms of T. oliganthum. After observing the intermixed distribution of the narrow- and broad-leaved OTUs on the CA phenograms, it was determined that leaflet width variation did not correspond with other morphological differences. The geographic data was also consulted, but both narrow- and broad- leaved T. oliganthum specimens were found throughout the northern and southern portions of the range. Thus, the decision to list the varieties in question as synonyms of T. oliganthum was upheld. Ellison et al. (2006) determined T. oliganthum to be very closely related to other members of the T. gracilentum species complex, but the large number of differences observed between T. oliganthum and the other species suggest that T. oliganthum may be more distantly related. Additionally, T. oliganthum is the only involucrate member of section Involucrarium

32 that was not placed within the monophyletic group of involucrate species (Ellison et al., 2006). Further molecular studies would help clarify whether T. oliganthum truly belongs to the T. gracilentum species complex. Trifolium bifidum is also supported as a species. OTUs of T. bifidum cluster together in the PCA plots and CA phenograms. One phenogram—the phenogram comparing T. bifidum and T. gracilentum—contained one T. bifidum OTU that was misplaced. The misplaced OTU (TB9) has the characteristic T. bifidum morphology, but it may have clustered with T. gracilentum due to its slightly wider than average leaflets (Fig. 5b). One other T. bifidum specimen deserves additional discussion. The label on the specimen sheet of TB28 identifies the specimen as T. gracilentum. Some characteristics that it shares with typical T. gracilentum are glabrous leaflet midribs and broadly obcordate midstem leaflets. However, it also shares many characteristics with T. bifidum, including narrowly triangular sepals, entire sepal margins, and generally small flowers. During preliminary analyses, this specimen sometimes clustered with T. bifidum and sometimes with T. gracilentum. In final analysis, it clustered with T. bifidum, and the overall morphology is more similar to T. bifidum. It is identified to T. bifidum in this study, but future genetic analysis would help determine whether this individual might be a hybrid. The results do not support the recognition of the two varieties of T. bifidum. Although most OTUs from the two varieties clustered separately in the CA, the height of the node that separates the clusters is short (Fig. 4). There are other nodes on the phenogram with larger heights than this node, such as the nodes within the T. oliganthum and T. ciliolatum branches. If the distinction between the two potential varieties of T. bifidum were to be recognized, new taxa within T. oliganthum and T. ciliolatum should also be recognized. However, the different branches within T. oliganthum and T. ciliolatum do not correspond to gaps in morphology, so their recognition as separate taxa is not supported. Additionally, when the values of the leaflet indentation depths—the primary distinguishing characteristic—are compared between the two potential varieties, the two groups appear to be two halves of a continuous, skewed distribution rather than two disjunct groups (Fig. 11d-e). For these reasons, it was concluded that T. bifidum var. bifidum and T. bifidum var. decipiens are not unique taxa and that they should both be recognized under the broader name T. bifidum. Based on the geographic distribution of the species, it is possible that the variation in

33 leaf morphology is a clinal gradient, since the specimens previously known as T. bifidum var. bifidum have been more frequently collected in the southern portion of the species range (Fig. 10). The third species recognized in this study is T. ciliolatum, due to the OTUs of the species clustering together in the PCAs and CAs. Exceptions where T. ciliolatum intermixed with other taxa, such as T. palmeri, in the pairwise comparisons are likely due to the use of the subset data set (Fig. 3g, Fig. 5g). Throughout the analyses of T. ciliolatum, two individual OTUs frequently clustered with T. gracilentum. This is likely because TC8 and TC17 are smaller in overall size than typical T. ciliolatum specimens. In other ways, these two OTUs are distinctly members of T. ciliolatum: they have sepals with numerous rounded lobes and pubescent margins, and they have rounded distal leaflet apices. Trifolium palmeri is the fourth species recognized in this study. The species clusters together consistently, with only two misplaced OTUs in the full CA (Fig. 4). As in T. ciliolatum, the small degrees of overlapping clusters in a few pairwise comparisons are likely because these comparisons were carried out with the subset data set (Fig. 3, Fig. 5). Since T. palmeri and T. gracilentum have sometimes been considered members of the same species, the comparisons between these two taxa were carefully analyzed. The two taxa cluster separately in the full CA (Fig. 4). The phenogram directly comparing T. palmeri and T. gracilentum shows that almost every OTU clusters on a branch with its own respective species, but T. gracilentum is split between two large branches. Still, the branches containing each species contain very few OTUs of the opposite species. This data as well as the qualitatively different stipule and leaflet shapes support the recognition of T. palmeri as a species separate from T. gracilentum. The last species recognized in this study is T. gracilentum. Its clustering in relation to the other species has already been discussed, but the question of T. gracilentum group 1 and group 2 will be discussed in more detail. Group 1 consists of OTUs that have generally smaller floral parts, and group 2 consists of OTUs with larger floral parts. The results of a PCA and a CA of only T. gracilentum show separate clusters for the two groups, but the geographic distribution of the two groups overlaps almost exactly. More importantly, no differences in qualitative measurements were found between the two groups. For all five taxa recognized in this study, a handful of both quantitative and qualitative characters differentiates each taxon from every other

34 taxon. Since no qualitative differences were found between group 1 and group 2, and since the quantitative differences might simply be the two ends of a continuous spectrum of size, there is not currently enough evidence to recognize these two groups as separate taxa. However, the results of this analysis indicate that further research, particularly molecular phylogenetic research, should be conducted on T. gracilentum to add to the evidence either for or against the separation of T. gracilentum into two subspecies or varieties. If additional evidence supports a division of the species, the name T. gracilentum var. inconspicuum Fernald may be the appropriate name for T. gracilentum group 1. Trifolium gracilentum var. inconspicuum is currently synonymous with T. gracilentum, but this variety as originally published is differentiated from the rest of the species by being smaller in overall size and having shorter corollas such that the corolla is shorter than or barely as long as the calyx (Fernald, 1894). Some, but not all, members of group 1 have corollas that are shorter than the calyx, so it is still unknown whether this varietal name truly fits group 1. More research on this species would help to clarify this.

Biogeographic analysis Trifolium ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, and T. palmeri were analyzed from an island biogeography standpoint. As predicted by the equilibrium model of biogeography, there was not much differentiation of Channel Island specimens from the mainland. The MANOVA carried out on T. gracilentum specimens revealed no differentiation between mainland specimens and islands specimens (P=0.21; Table 2), and island specimens of T. ciliolatum were intermixed with mainland specimens in the CA (Fig. 17). This suggests that the 20-98 km of water that separate the Channel Islands from the mainland may not be a strong enough barrier to gene flow to allow island populations to differentiate from mainland populations. Dispersal across the water may be due to wind or due to accidental dispersal when humans visit the islands. When specimens from the northern Channel Islands are compared to those from the southern Channel Islands, there is no evidence that the slightly longer distance from the mainland of the southern islands leads to increased differentiation and speciation. In the PCA plots and CA phenogram for T. gracilentum (Figs. 12-13) and T. palmeri (Figs. 14-15), specimens from the northern islands and southern islands are intermixed. The lack of differentiation between the two halves of the archipelago suggests that the water between the

35 islands is not a strong barrier to gene flow, so in situ differentiation within the archipelago is not occurring. The CA for T. ciliolatum does place the specimens from the northern islands on a separate branch than those from the southern islands (Fig. 17), but it is important to keep in mind that this may have occurred by chance due to the small sample size. Small sample size is also a concern when comparing the northern and southern island specimens of T. gracilentum and T. palmeri, so no strong conclusions can be drawn from this portion of the analysis. The comparisons of the specimens from the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island for T. gracilentum and T. palmeri provide interesting results. For the CA of T. gracilentum, the majority of Guadalupe Island specimens are located on a branch separate from the branches containing the Channel Islands specimens, although mainland specimens are still intermixed with them on all branches (Fig. 13). This suggests that there may be some differentiation occurring between the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island. This is consistent with the predictions of the equilibrium model, since Guadalupe Island is more isolated from the mainland than the Channel Islands are. Guadalupe Island is also highly isolated from the Channel Islands themselves, which would lead to reduced or prevented gene flow between these islands. The evidence for differentiation between Guadalupe Island and the Channel Islands is even stronger for T. palmeri. The MANOVA with T. palmeri showed that the Channel Islands specimens and Guadalupe Island specimens have differentiated from each other (P<0.001, Table 3), which is consistent with the separate clusters found in the PCA and CA (Figs. 14-15). This suggests that individuals of T. palmeri from the Channel Islands are differentiating from those on Guadalupe Island, which may eventually lead to complete divergence into separate species. The reason that T. palmeri shows stronger evidence of differentiation than T. gracilentum is likely the differing geographic distributions of the two species. Trifolium gracilentum has a widespread distribution on the mainland as well as the islands, so the mainland populations may function in connecting the Channel Islands populations with the Guadalupe Island populations through gene flow. Since T. palmeri does not have any mainland populations, T. palmeri populations from the Channel Islands are more isolated from Guadalupe Island than the populations of T. gracilentum are. If this is true, it would support the idea that the Channel Islands are near enough to the mainland that gene flow can still occur. Additionally, the fact that T. palmeri has only been collected from islands may itself be evidence that speciation of clovers has occurred on the Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island.

Trifolium palmeri may have evolved from T. gracilentum through in situ anacladogenesis (Fig. 1). An alternative explanation is that T. palmeri was once found on the mainland, migrated to the islands, and became extirpated from the mainland. Since the evolutionary history of T. palmeri is unknown, either hypothesis is possible.

Taxonomic Treatment

Key to the species of the Trifolium gracilentum species complex 1. Stipule margins laciniate with > 1 lobe; rachis length < 0.4 mm; involucre present; pedicels erect in fruit; calyx tube shortest between adaxial sepals; banner petal width < 2.4 mm, claw length > 1.4 mm; keel petal width at the narrowest point < 0.6 mm……………...4. T. oliganthum 1. Stipule margins entire-slightly serrate with 1 lobe; rachis length > 0.4 mm; involucre absent; pedicels deflexed in fruit; calyx tube longest between adaxial sepals; banner petal width > 2.4 mm, claw length < 1.4 mm, keel petal width at the narrowest point > 0.6 mm…………………..2 2. Hairs glandular; distal leaflet apex rounded; calyx tube length at longest point > 2.55 mm; adaxial sepal width > 0.95 mm; calyx lobes > 8 per sepal; calyx margin always moderately pubescent………………………………………………………2. T. ciliolatum 2. Hairs glandular or not glandular; distal leaflet apex obcordate, emarginate, retuse, bifid, or acute; calyx tube length at longest point < 2.55 mm; adaxial sepal width < 0.95 mm; calyx lobes on sepals absent; calyx margin glabrous to moderately pubescent……..3 3. Stipule apex attenuate-long attenuate, angle < 10°; leaflet apex acute, midstem and distal leaflet indentation depth 0 mm…………………………….5. T. palmeri 3. Stipule apex acute-attenuate, angle ≥ 10°; leaflet apex obcordate, emarginate, retuse, or bifid, midstem and distal leaflet indentation depth > 0 mm……………4 4. Leaflet midrib sparsely to moderately pubescent, rarely glabrous, distal leaflet base angle ≤ 30°; rachis usually pubescent; calyx margin entire, not hyaline; wing petal width at widest point > 1.20 mm………...1. T. bifidum 4. Leaflet midrib glabrous, distal leaflet base angle ≥ 30°; rachis glabrous; calyx margin entire-slightly serrate, usually hyaline; wing petal width at widest point < 1.20 mm…………………………………..3. T. gracilentum

38 a. P < 0.001 b. P < 0.001

c. P < 0.001 d. P < 0.001

e. P < 0.001

Figure 18. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the first couplet of the key. P-values from analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are provided, and the differences between T. oliganthum and each other species were confirmed with tests of Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference.

39 a. P < 0.001 b. P < 0.001

c. P < 0.001

Figure 19. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the second couplet of the key. P-values from analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are provided, and the differences between T. ciliolatum and each other species were confirmed with tests of Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference.

a. P < 0.001 b. P < 0.001

c. P < 0.001

Figure 20. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the third couplet of the key. P-values from analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are provided, and the differences between T. palmeri and each other species were confirmed with tests of Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference. 40 a. P < 0.001 b. P < 0.001

Figure 21. Box and whisker plots for characters used in the fourth couplet of the key. P-values from analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are provided.

1. Trifolium bifidum A. Gray, Figs. 22-23. Trifolium bifidum A. Gray, Proc. Calif. Aca. 3: 102, 1864. TYPE: USA, California: Contra Costa County, Near Marsh's Ranch, southeast of Mount Diablo, at bottom of a ravine in grass, 29 May 1862, W. H. Brewer 1184 (holotype: GH; isotypes: CAS, DS, K, NY, UC, US, YU). Trifolium bifidum A. Gray var. decipiens Greene, Fl. Francisc. 24, 1891. Trifolium greenei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 334, 1906. TYPE: USA, California: Alameda County, Berkeley, May 1884, E. L. Greene s.n. (lectotype: NDG 67021 (selected by Gillett, 1966)). Trifolium hallii Howell, Fl. N. W. Amer. 1: 135, 1903. TYPE: USA, Oregon: Douglas County, Oakland, 24 Apr 1881, T. J. Howell s.n. (lectotype: OSC 96414 (as annotated by Gillett, 1963)).

Plants annual; roots small-medium, 0.4-1.5 mm in diameter; stems prostrate-erect, low- high branching, 12-42 cm in length, 0.6-1.6 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous to moderately pubescent, nodes glabrous to moderately pubescent, pubescence usually increasing distally; leaves trifoliate, gradually transitioning in size/shape from basal to distal leaves; stipules elliptic-ovate, unlobed, 7.7-15.1x(1.5-)2.1-3.9(-4.8) mm, glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins entire-slightly serrate, rarely hyaline, glabrous to moderately pubescent at apices, apices acute-attenuate, (5-)10-35°; petioles 3.0-54.2x0.1-0.6 mm, basal petioles short, midstem petioles longer, distal petioles short, glabrous to moderately pubescent; petiolules 0.2-0.8x0.1-0.4 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent, usually only pubescent on petiolules of terminal leaflets; basal leaflets obcordate-bifid, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent on outer half of lateral leaflets and apices of terminal leaflets abaxially, bases cuneate, 20-80°, margins serrate-dentate, glabrous to moderately pubescent at apices, apices obcordate-bifid, mucronulate, <0.2 mm, terminal leaflets 2.8-9.4x1.0-5.8 mm, indentation depth 0.4-2.9 mm; midstem leaflets obcordate-bifid-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent on outer half of lateral leaflets and apices of terminal leaflets abaxially, bases cuneate, 15-60°, margins serrate, glabrous to moderately pubescent at apices, apices obcordate-bifid-bidentate-retuse, mucronulate, <0.2(-0.7) mm, terminal leaflets 6.4-21.4x2.9-7.2 mm, indentation depth 0.4-4.0 mm; distal leaflets spatulate-elliptic-obelliptic-obcordate-bifid,

42 glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent on outer half of lateral leaflets and apices of terminal leaflets abaxially, bases cuneate-attenuate, 10-35°, margins serrate, glabrous to moderately pubescent at apices, apices retuse-bifid-obcordate, mucronulate, <0.3 mm, terminal leaflets (6.6-)8.7-18.3(-19.7)x1.7- 4.8 mm, indentation depth 0.2-1.8 mm; peduncles 30.0-88.6x0.2-0.6 mm, glabrous to densely pubescent near inflorescence; inflorescences axillary, umbel to umbelliform raceme, 5.7- 9.5x5.9-13.3 mm, rachis 0.4-5.6 mm in length, glabrous to moderately pubescent; flowers 4-29, each subtended by a toothed, cup-like bract, 0.1-0.5 mm long, in 1-5 whorls; pedicels 0.5- 2.4x0.1-0.3 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, deflexed in fruit; calyx 3.3-6.0 mm long, tube length unequal, longest between adaxial sepals, 0.8-1.5 mm at shortest point, 1.2-1.8 mm at longest point, 1.2-1.9 mm in diameter, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, free sepals narrowly triangular, sometimes deflexed in fruit, 2.3-4.1(-4.8)x0.4-0.8 mm adaxial sepals, 1.9-4.2x0.5-0.8 mm lateral sepals, 1.4-2.8x0.5-0.8 mm abaxial sepal, glabrous to moderately pubescent, margins entire, glabrous to moderately pubescent; banner petals pink-purple, 3.8-6.4 mm long, symmetrically clawed, claws 0.1-0.9x0.5-1.5 mm, laminae elliptic-ovate, 3.7-5.6x2.5-4.0 mm, bases rounded-truncate, apices apiculate-cuspidate; wing petals pink-red, 3.4-5.3 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 1.5-2.8x0.1-0.3 mm, laminae elliptic-orbicular, 1.6-2.8 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm wide at widest point, 0.5-1.0 mm wide at narrowest point, bases auriculate, auricles 15-90°, 0.2-0.4x0.4-0.8 mm, margins entire, apices acute-rounded; keel petals pink-purple, sometimes darker at apices, 3.4-5.1 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 1.6-3.1x0.2-0.3 mm, laminae elliptic-ovate, 1.5-2.1 mm long, 1.0-1.4 mm wide at widest point, 0.6-1.1 mm wide at narrowest point, bases truncate-rounded, margins entire, apices acute-obtuse; stamens diadelphous, connate filaments 3.2-4.7x1.1-1.5 mm, fused for 66-79% of their length, free filaments 2.7-4.5 mm long, anthers 0.1-0.3x0.1-0.2 mm; pistils sessile, ovaries 2.1-3.8x0.5-1.6(- 2.0) mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, styles 0.9-2.0x≤0.2 mm, ovules 1-2; legumes inflated, 3.1x1.8 mm, glabrous; seeds 1, ovate, yellow mottled, 2.1x1.3 mm.

Representative specimens USA. California: Butte County, Un-named canyon on southeast side on Neal Road opposite the Butte County landfill; ca. 1.5 mi northeast of Hwy 99, annual grassland on clay soil in bottom of canyon in blue oak woodland, Tuscan Mudflow parent material, 8 May 1993, L. P.

Janeway & B. Castro 4345 (MU); Monterey County, Fort Hunter Liggett (Training Area 11), ca. 0.5 air km due W of Nacimiento River, ca. 0.7 air km due S of Nacimiento River, 2 Apr 1995, P. Douglas et al. HL 1238 (SBBG); Napa County, Conn Valley, 19 Apr 1931, J. T. Howell 6465 (MU); Santa Cruz County, Portola, Apr 1903, A. D. E. Elmer 4798 (SBBG); Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, grassland north of Vine Hill School Road, with other Trifolium spp. on north slope of ridge, 16 Apr 1989, R. Morgan 1516 (MU); Shasta County, Yellow Pine Forest, Clikapudi Trail on the Pit Arm of Shasta Lake, ca. 02 mi E of the trailhead at the Jones Valley Boat Ramp, localized population in a small opening on a brushy slope in mixed coniferous-hardwood forest, 6 May 1994, V. H. Oswald & L. Ahart 6165 (MU). Oregon: Curry County, Along U.S. Hwy. 101, 13 miles south of Port Orford, rocky coastal bluff, 10 Jun 2002, R. R. Halse 6186 (MU); Jackson County, Along State Hwy. 140 ca. 18.6 miles east of White City, 24 May 2009, R. R. Halse 7621 (MU).

Distribution and habitat Trifolium bifidum ranges from San Diego County, California north through Klickitat County, Washington (Fig. 22). In addition, there is a record from Seattle, King County, Washington and a single collection from Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada. It commonly grows in grasslands and wooded areas, and may occur in relatively dry clay soil and gravelly soil. Collections have been made from various elevations ranging from 0-700 m.

Comments Trifolium bifidum encompasses a great deal of variation in leaf morphology. The leaflet apices in some specimens are only shallowly notched while others are deeply bifid. The shallowly notched specimens have some similarities in appearance to T. gracilentum. Trifolium bifidum can be distinguished from that species by its pubescent leaflet midribs and rachises, narrower leaflets and sepals, less rounded leaflet lobes, and generally smaller flowers. Trifolium bifidum also has some similarities to T. ciliolatum, particularly a usually pubescent calyx. It can be easily distinguished by the lack of rounded lobes along the sepal margins and by the notched leaflet apices.

Figure 22. Geographic distribution of Trifolium bifidum.

Figure 23. Representative specimen of Trifolium bifidum (Janeway & Castro 4345 (MU)).

2. Trifolium ciliolatum Benth., Figs. 24-25. Trifolium ciliolatum Benth., Pl. Hartw. 304, 1848. TYPE: USA, California: Sacramento County, Sacramento, 1848, K. T. Hartweg 1697 (lectotype: K 001051166 (here designated); isotypes: G, GH, K, LD, NY, W) Trifolium ciliatum Nutt., Jour. Acad. Philad. N. S. 1: 152, 1848. (non Clarke 1813-16). TYPE: USA, California: Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, s.d., T. Nuttall s.n. (holotype: PH) Trifolium ciliatum Nutt. var. discolor Lojac., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 146, 1883. TYPE: USA, California: in montosis Californiae prope Sancta Inez, s.d., E. Cooper s.n. (not found)

Plants annual; roots small-large, 0.7-2.9 mm in diameter; stems prostrate-erect, no to high branching, 14-56 cm in length, 0.8-2.4 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, nodes glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, hairs glandular; leaves trifoliate, dimorphic with gradual transition from basal to distal leaves; stipules narrowly elliptic-elliptic-falcate, unlobed, 10.6-25.1x1.2-3.8 mm, glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins entire-slightly serrate, usually hyaline, glabrous to moderately pubescent at apices, hairs glandular, apices attenuate-acute, 5-20°; petioles 3.2-116.0x0.1-0.9 mm, basal petioles short, midstem petioles longer, distal petioles short, glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs glandular; petiolules 0.1-0.9(-1.3)x0.1-0.6 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent; basal leaflets obcordate-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 40-100°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices emarginate- obcordate, sometimes mucronulate, <0.1 mm, terminal leaflets 2.3-11.2x1.9-7.3 mm, indentation depth 0.1-0.7mm; midstem leaflets elliptic-obovate-obcordate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 40-80°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices rounded-obcordate, mucronulate, <0.3 mm, terminal leaflets 8.2- 30.1x4.2-13.0 mm, indentation depth <0.6 mm; distal leaflets elliptic-obelliptic, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 20-60°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices rounded, mucronulate, 0.1-0.4 mm, terminal leaflets 7.8-30.7x2.7-11.1 mm, indentation depth 0 mm; peduncles 21.0-133.4x0.4-1.0 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent near inflorescence, hairs glandular; inflorescences axillary,

47 umbelliform raceme, 10.0-15.6x10.0-18.7 mm, rachis 0.5-11.2 mm in length, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; flowers 11-33, each subtended by a toothed bract, frequently united in each whorl, 0.2-0.7 mm, in 3-5 whorls; pedicels 0.5-2.8x0.2-0.4 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, deflexed in fruit; calyx 5.2-8.1 mm long, tube length unequal, longest between adaxial sepals, 0.9-1.9 mm at shortest point, (2.1-)2.5-3.7 mm at longest point, 1.8-2.7 mm in diameter, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, free sepals narrowly triangular-triangular, 3.9-6.9x0.9-1.3 mm adaxial sepals, 2.6-4.9x0.7-1.0(-1.2) mm lateral sepals, 2.0-4.8x0.7-1.3 mm abaxial sepal, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, margins sinuate-dentate, usually hyaline, 9-26 lobes per sepal, moderately pubescent, apices acuminate; banner petals pink-purple, 6.4-8.7 mm long, symmetrically clawed, claws 0.4-1.2x0.8-1.6 mm, laminae ovate-lanceolate, 5.6-8.0x3.2-5.2 mm, bases truncate-rounded, apices rounded-acute-apiculate; wing petals pink-purple, sometimes white at apices, 5.6-7.6 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 2.8-4.0x0.2-0.4 mm, laminae narrowly elliptic-ovate, 2.6-3.7 mm long, 0.8-1.7 mm wide at widest point, 0.5-1.1 mm wide at narrowest point, bases auriculate, auricles 25-80°, 0.1-0.5x(0.3-)0.5-0.9 mm, margins entire, apices acute- rounded; keel petals pink-purple, sometimes white at apices, 5.2-7.3 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 3.1-4.5x0.2-0.4 mm, laminae elliptic, 1.9-2.8 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm wide at widest point, 0.7-1.2 mm wide at narrowest point, bases truncate-rounded, margins entire, apices acute- obtuse; stamens diadelphous, connate filaments 4.9-6.8x1.1-1.9 mm, fused for 61-78% of their length, free filaments 3.7-6.4 mm long, anthers 0.2-0.4x0.2-0.3 mm; pistils sessile, ovaries 2.1- 4.0x0.7-1.7 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent, styles (1.8-)2.4-3.5x<0.3 mm, ovules 1-2; legumes inflated, 4.1-4.5x2.3-2.6 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent distally; seeds 1, ellipsoidal-mitten shaped, yellow-tan/brown, 2.1-2.2x1.4-1.6 mm.

Representative specimens USA. California: Butte County, Grassy places along Rock Creek, seven miles north of Chico, 21 Apr 1926, A. A. Heller 13924 (MU); Los Angeles County, Santa Catalina Island, N of Airport Road, in extreme upper portion of Swain’s (Toyon) Canyon, localized population of ca. 10 individuals, on N-facing slope, 3 May 2001, S. A. Junak SCa-1471 (SBBG); San Bernardino County, Red Hill, near Upland, common on mesa top, 8 Apr 1917, I. Johnston 1194 (MU); Santa Barbara County, Santa Cruz Island, Central Valley, at W end of Bosque Mano Eucalyptus grove, W of University of California Field Station, rare on shaded N-facing streambank, 12 May 1980,

S. A. Junak & M. Hochberg SC-293a (SBBG); Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, grassland north of Casa Way, dense colony in light shade, 28 Apr 1989, R. Morgan 1564 (MU). Oregon: Jackson County, at junction of State Hwys. 62 and 227, north of Shady Cove, 31 May 2010, R. R. Halse 7910 (MU); Linn County, Just east of Corvallis off of State Hwy. 34 at the O.S.U. Botany & Plt. Path. Field Lab, in a weedy area with sandy soil, 21 May 2000, R. R. Halse 5749 (MU).

Distribution and habitat Trifolium ciliolatum is endemic to the US, ranging from San Diego County, California (including the Channel Islands) north through Hood River County, Oregon (Fig. 24). It typically grows on grassy slopes, often near creeks, but it can also grow in wooded areas. It is capable of growing in shaded areas as well as areas with full sun. Many types of soil can act as a substrate for T. ciliolatum, including sand, gravel, clay, and loam. It has been collected from elevations ranging between approximately 0-1100 m.

Comments Trifolium ciliolatum is one of the larger members of the T. gracilentum species complex. It frequently has longer internodes, petioles, and peduncles than the other species in the species complex, and it has the largest flowers. The sinuate-dentate margins of the calyces and rounded apices of the distal leaflets help in differentiating it from the other species.

Figure 24. Geographic distribution of Trifolium ciliolatum.

Figure 25. Representative specimen of Trifolium ciliolatum (Halse 7910 (MU)).

3. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray, Figs. 26-27. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 316, 1838. TYPE: USA, California: s.d., D. Douglas s.n. (lectotype: K (selected by Zohary & Heller, 1984); isotypes: GH, K, NY) Trifolium denudatum Nutt., Jour. Acad. Philad. N. S. 1: 152, 1848. TYPE: USA, California: Pueblos Angeles, s.col. s.n. (holotype: K) Trifolium exile Greene, Pittonia 1: 6, 1887. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. exile (Greene) P.B. Kenn., Muhlenbergia 5: 10, 1909. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray f. exile (Greene) McDermott, N. Am. Sp. Trif. 300, 1910. TYPE: USA, California: Santa Barbara County, Island of Santa Cruz, Jul-Aug 1886, E. L. Greene s.n. (holotype: NDG) Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. inconspicuum Fernald, Zoe 4: 380, 1894. Trifolium inconspicuum (Fernald) A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 135, 1906. TYPE: USA, California: San Bernardino County: Roadside, San Bernardino, May 1893, S.B. Parish 2647 (holotype: GH) Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. reductum Parish, Bot. Gaz. 65: 338, 1918. TYPE: USA, California: Summit of Pilot Knob, alt. 5525’, Mojave Desert, 10 May 1915, S.B. Parish 10160 (holotype: DS?; isotypes: GH, MO, UC)

Plants annual; roots small-large, 0.4-2.0 mm in diameter; stems prostrate-erect, low-high branching, 7-37 cm in length, 0.5-2.3 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, nodes glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, hairs sometimes glandular; leaves trifoliate; stipules elliptic-falcate, unlobed, 5.2-14.7x0.7-2.8 mm, glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins entire-slightly serrate, usually hyaline, glabrous to moderately pubescent, apices attenuate-acute, (5-)10-30°; petioles 3.2-90.3x0.1-0.9 mm, basal petioles short, midstem petioles longer, distal petioles short, glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, hairs sometimes glandular; petiolules 0.1-0.9x0.2-0.5 mm, glabrous; basal leaflets obcordate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 20-100°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices obcordate-emarginate, sometimes mucronulate, <0.1 mm, terminal leaflets 1.9-8.2(-11.2)x1.7-6.9(-10.2) mm, indentation depth 0.2-1.1 mm; midstem leaflets obcordate-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 30-90°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices obcordate-emarginate, usually

52 mucronulate, <0.2(-0.7) mm, terminal leaflets 4.3-18.1x2.9-13.6 mm, indentation depth 0.1-1.6 mm; distal leaflets obcordate-obovate-spatulate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 30-75°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices retuse- obcordate-emarginate, mucronulate, <0.3 mm, terminal leaflets 5.4-18.0x2.2-10.3 mm, indentation depth ≤1.0 mm; peduncles 6.3-70.9x0.2-0.7 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs sometimes glandular; inflorescences axillary, umbelliform raceme, 5.4-14.1x5.4-17.2 mm, rachis (0.1-)0.4-8.2 mm in length, glabrous; flowers 6-31, each subtended by a toothed, cup-like bract, sometimes united in each whorl, 0.2-0.7 mm, in 2-4 whorls; pedicels 0.5-2.7x0.1-0.3 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent, deflexed in fruit; calyx 4.0-7.7 mm long, tube length unequal, longest between adaxial sepals, 0.9-2.0 mm at shortest point, 1.4-3.0 mm at longest point, 0.9-2.3 mm in diameter, glabrous to moderately pubescent, free sepals narrowly triangular-triangular, sometimes deflexed in fruit, 2.8-6.0x0.4-1.0 mm adaxial sepals, 1.8-4.7x0.3-1.0 mm lateral sepals, 1.5-3.5x0.4-1.0 mm abaxial sepal, glabrous, margins entire-slightly serrate, usually hyaline, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, apices acuminate-attenuate; banner petals pink-purple, sometimes white at apices, 3.6-7.8 mm long, symmetrically clawed, claws 0.2-1.0x0.4-1.6 mm, laminae ovate-elliptic, 3.3-7.2x(1.2-)2.1-4.6 mm, bases cuneate-rounded-truncate, apices rounded-emarginate-retuse-apiculate; wing petals purple-red, sometimes white at apices, 3.1-7.5 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 1.6-4.1x0.1-0.4 mm, laminae narrowly elliptic-elliptic- oblanceolate, 1.6-3.5 mm long, 0.5-1.2(-1.7) mm wide at widest point, 0.3-1.1 mm wide at narrowest point, bases auriculate, auricles 30-100°, 0.1-0.5x0.4-0.8 mm, margins entire, apices acute-rounded; keel petals purple-red-pink, sometimes white at apices, 3.1-6.6 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 1.8-4.2x0.2-0.3 mm, laminae elliptic, 1.3-2.5 mm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide at widest point, (0.5-)0.6-1.0 mm wide at narrowest point, bases truncate-rounded, margins entire, apices cuspidate-obtuse; stamens diadelphous, connate filaments 2.6-6.1x0.9-1.6 mm, fused for 67-80% of their length, free filaments 2.1-5.6 mm long, anthers 0.2-0.4x0.2-0.3 mm; pistils sessile, ovaries 1.8-4.3x0.6-2.2 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent, styles 1.0- 3.2x0.1-0.2 mm, ovules 2-3; legumes laterally compressed-inflated, 4.2-6.4x2.0-2.7 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent distally; seeds 2, mitten shaped, yellow-yellow mottled, 1.3- 1.8x1.0-1.3 mm.

Representative specimens

MEXICO. Baja California: Ensenada Municipality, Occasional in canyon mouth, Northeast Anchorage, Guadalupe Id, 9 Apr 1948, R. Moran 2841 (CAS); Ensenada Municipality, Slope of pine ridge, Guadalupe Island, 16 Mar 1932, J. T. Howell 8247 (CAS); Ensenada Municipality, Vernally moist depressions, sandy, brush-covered flats north of the bay, San Quintín, 17 Apr 1958, P. H. Raven et al. 12375 (GH); Valley of Palms, 6 Apr 1882, s.col. 7546 (CAS). USA. Arizona: Maricopa County, Open grazed meadow 1 mile south of Sunflower, by Beeline Highway (to Payson), 2 Apr 1960, N. H. Russell 11381 (BRIT). California: San Clemente Island, west side, terrace flats between Box and Horse Canyons, area having burned within previous two years, elevation ca 1590 feet, locally common annual on clay flats, 20 May 1991, T. Ross et al. 5328 (UC); Riverside County, NW Palomar Mountains, Cleveland National Forest, N of the Agua Tibia Wilderness Area, N face of Agua Tibia Mtn., lower Arroyo Seco, S of the Dripping Springs Campground, W the Dripping Springs Trail, 17 May 1995, D. L. Banks & S. Boyd 0443 (MU); Santa Barbara County, Santa Rosa Island, desiccated summit of a hill, head of Tranquillon Canyon, 7 May 1932, R. Hoffmann s.n. (UC); Santa Barbara County, Area of Fox Canyon, Santa Barbara, 30 Apr 1956, H. M. Pollard s.n. (BRIT); Yolo County, Woodland, railroad station, along railroad, 11 Apr 1966, B. Crampton 7639 (MU). Washington: Jefferson County, apparently introduced from Cal., Pt. Ludlow, 30 May 1890, F. Binns s.n. (MU).

Distribution and habitat Trifolium gracilentum has one of the widest distributions of the species in the T. gracilentum species complex. Its range spans from Baja California in Mexico (including Guadalupe Island) north through California (including the Channel Islands); specimens have also been collected from Washington County, Oregon, Whatcom County, Washington, and Maricopa County, Arizona (Fig. 26). It grows on both slopes and flats, in dry or moist soil. Most frequently, it grows in grassy areas, but it can also grow near other vegetation, such as shrubs. It can grow in various soil types, including sand, clay loam, and rocky soil, and it is successful in disturbed areas such as roadsides or along railroads. Collections have been made from many elevations, from 5 m up to approximately 1400 m.

Comments Trifolium gracilentum is most similar in appearance to T. bifidum, but it is distinguished by its lack of pubescence on its leaflets, and by its sepal margins that are frequently hyaline and slightly serrate. Although T. gracilentum is closely related to T. palmeri, the obcordate shape of its leaflets easily differentiates it. The variation in flower size within this species may warrant the recognition of two constituent taxa at the level of subspecies, but further studies are needed.

Figure 26. Geographic distribution of Trifolium gracilentum.

Figure 27. Representative specimen of Trifolium gracilentum (Ross et al. 5328 (UC)).

4. Trifolium oliganthum Steud., Figs. 28-29. Trifolium oliganthum Steud., Nom. ed. 2, 2: 707, 1841. Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt., Fl. N. Am. 1: 319, 1838. (non d’Urv. 1822). Trifolium variegatum Nutt. var. pauciflorum (Nutt.) McDermott, N. Am. Sp. Trif. 67, 1910. TYPE: USA, Oregon: On the higher plains of the Oregon, near the outlet of the Wahlamet [Willamette], n.d., T. Nuttall s.n. (holotype: NY; isotypes: GH, K) Trifolium filipes Greene, Pittonia 1: 66, 1887. TYPE: USA, California: Alameda County, Berkeley, May 1887, E. L. Greene s.n. (lectotype: NDG 35011 (selected by Gillett, 1966); isotype: NY) Trifolium triflorum Greene, Pittonia 1: 5, 1887. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. var. triflorum (Greene) Greene, Man. Bot. Reg. San Franc. Bay 97, 1894. TYPE: USA, California: Contra Costa County, Near Mt. Diablo, 1883, M. K. Curran s.n. (holotype: CAS). Trifolium oliganthum Steud. var. sonomense Greene, Man. Bot. Reg. San Franc. Bay 97, 1894. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. f. sonomense (Greene) McDermott, N. Am. Sp. Trif. 84, 1910. TYPE: USA, California: Sonoma County, Knight’s Valley, Apr 1892, E. L. Greene s.n. (holotype: NDG; isotype: JEPS) Trifolium hexanthum Greene ex A. Heller (nom. nud.), Muhlenbergia 2: 215, 1906. TYPE: USA, California: Madera County, Along the San Joaquin river at the old bridge above Pollasky, 11 Apr 1906, A. A. Heller 8145 (holotype: NDG; isotypes: E, F, G, GH, ISC, NY, P, UC)

Plants annual; roots small-medium, 0.3-1.5 mm in diameter; stems erect-ascending, no to high branching, 8-40 cm in length, 0.5-1.4 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous to moderately pubescent, nodes glabrous to moderately pubescent, often increasing in pubescence distally; leaves trifoliate, dimorphic with gradual transition from basal to distal leaves; stipules elliptic- lanceolate, 5.1-15.9x1.1-3.6 mm, glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins laciniate, 2-7 lobes, lobes 2.1-7.8 mm long, glabrous to moderately pubescent, apices attenuate, 2-15°; petioles 2.2-48.9x0.1-0.6 mm, basal petioles short, midstem petioles longer, distal petioles short, glabrous to moderately pubescent distally; petiolules <0.6x0.1-0.4 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; basal leaflets obcordate-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to sparse abaxially, bases cuneate-attenuate, 20-90°, margins entire-

58 serrate-dentate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, apices obcordate-emarginate, sometimes mucronulate, ≤0.1 mm, terminal leaflets 1.6-7.5(-11.6)x0.9-3.4 mm, indentation depth <0.6 mm; midstem leaflets linear-elliptic-obelliptic, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to sparse abaxially, bases cuneate-attenuate, 10-45°, margins serrate-entire, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, apices attenuate-acute-rounded-truncate- emarginate-retuse, mucronulate, <0.4 mm, terminal leaflets 6.1-27.1x0.6-6.3 mm, indentation depth <0.6 mm; distal leaflets linear-elliptic, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to moderately pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous to sparsely pubescent abaxially, bases attenuate- cuneate, 9-40°, margins serrate-dentate-entire, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, apices acute- rounded-truncate-emarginate-retuse, mucronulate, 0.1-0.5 mm, terminal leaflets 5.6-21.1x0.6-4.5 mm, indentation depth ≤0.6 mm; peduncles 16.5-94.1x0.2-0.6 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent; inflorescences axillary, umbel-umbelliform raceme, 5.9-10.1x3.0-13.2 mm, rachis rarely elongated, <0.4 mm in length, glabrous; involucre laciniate, 2.1-4.4 mm radius, 6-24 lobes, lobes 1.2-2.8 mm long, narrowly triangular-triangular; flowers 3-14, floral bracts frequently absent, when present a rounded flap, <0.3(-0.7) mm, in 1-3 whorls; pedicels 0.2-1.0(- 1.5)x0.1-0.3 mm, glabrous, erect; calyx 4.2-6.9 mm long, tube length unequal, shortest between adaxial sepals, 1.4-2.7 mm at shortest point, 1.9-3.6 mm at longest point, 1.0-2.6 mm in diameter, glabrous, free sepals triangular-oblong, 2.3-3.9x0.5-1.1 mm adaxial sepals, 2.5- 4.5x0.5-1.1 mm lateral sepals, 1.6-4.7x0.5-1.1 mm abaxial sepal, glabrous, margins entire(- slightly serrate), glabrous, apices acuminate; banner petals purple-pink-whitish, 5.0-8.2 mm long, symmetrically clawed, claws 1.4-3.0x0.6-1.6 mm, laminae elliptic-oblong-obelliptic, 3.4- 5.8x1.4-2.4 mm, bases cuneate-rounded, apices emarginate-bidentate; wing petals purple-pink- whitish, 4.7-7.1 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 2.4-4.1x0.1-0.3 mm, laminae narrowly elliptic-elliptic-oblanceolate, 2.0-3.2 mm long, 0.6-1.2 mm wide at widest point, 0.3-0.6 mm wide at narrowest point, bases auriculate, auricles 20-100(-120)°, 0.1-0.3x0.1-0.5 mm, margins entire, apices acute-rounded-slightly bidentate; keel petals purple-pink-whitish, 4.0-6.3 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 2.4-4.3x0.1-0.3 mm, laminae elliptic-obovate, 1.5-2.1 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm wide at widest point, 0.3-0.6 mm wide at narrowest point, bases rounded- truncate-cuneate, margins entire, apices cuspidate-obtuse; stamens diadelphous, connate filaments 3.6-5.8x0.6-1.3 mm, fused for 71-84% of their length, free filaments 3.0-5.1 mm long, anthers 0.1-0.3x0.1-0.3 mm; pistils sessile, ovaries 1.8-3.6x0.5-1.7(-2.4) mm, glabrous, styles

1.7-3.4x0.1-0.2 mm, ovules 2; legumes laterally compressed, 3.2-3.9x1.9-2.4 mm, glabrous; seeds 2, mitten shaped, yellow mottled-brown mottled, 1.6-1.7x1.1-1.3 mm.

Representative specimens CANADA. British Columbia: Capital Regional District, Victoria, 6 June 1887, B. H. Smith s.n. (PH); Strathcona Regional District, Rebecca Spit, Quadra Island, common in places in open areas on gravel spit, 5 Jun 1961, J. A. Calder & K. T. MacKay 29993 (GH). USA. California: Butte County, Cañon Big Chico creek, 26 Mar 1914, A. A. Heller 11230 (US); Monterey County, Tularcitos Road, 11 mi. se. of Carmel Valley Village, 27 Apr 1957, L. S. Rose 57053 (US); Tuolumne County, shaded slope, Spring Gulch, near Bear Creek, 11-16 Apr 1919, R. S. Ferris 1753 (US). Oregon: Douglas County, Along Cow Creek Road ca. 12 miles northwest of Glendale, 28 Apr 2009, R. R. Halse 7593 (MU); Marion County, Border of woods near State School, 6 mi. s.e. of Salem, 25 May 1918, J. C. Nelson 2177 (GH). Washington: Island County, hill side Langley, May 1920, J. M. Grant s.n. (PH); Thurston County, Open prairie, Gate, 27 May 1912, A. S. Foster 2058 (US).

Distribution and habitat Trifolium oliganthum has a fairly wide distribution, growing in California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as British Columbia in Canada (Fig. 28). It most commonly grows on open, grassy slopes, but it can also grow in wooded areas. It does well in rocky soil and can also grow in serpentine soil. This species often grows in disturbed areas such as roadsides, and it can be found near creeks. Like the other members of the species complex, it has been collected from many elevations, ranging from 5 to almost 2000 m.

Comments Trifolium oliganthum is the most morphologically distinct member of the T. gracilentum species complex. The presence of an involucre and the lobed stipules easily distinguish it from the other four species. Trifolium oliganthum also has very different floral morphology, with pedicels that are always erect, a calyx tube that splits between the two adaxial sepals, and narrower petals.

In Zohary & Heller’s (1984) monograph, T. oliganthum was placed in their section Involucrarium allied to T. variegatum rather than to the other members of the T. gracilentum species complex. However, Ellison et al. (2006) placed it as sister to T. bifidum. This species comprises individuals with leaflets that range from extremely narrow (0.6 mm in width) to much broader (6.3 mm in width). However, since leaflet width does not correspond to other differences in morphology or a geographic separation, it is likely that this width difference is simply due to genetic variation or environmental plasticity rather than two unique species or subspecies.

Figure 28. Geographic distribution of Trifolium oliganthum.

Figure 29. Representative specimen of Trifolium oliganthum (Ferris 1753 (US)).

5. Trifolium palmeri S. Watson, Figs. 30-31. Trifolium palmeri S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 132, 1875. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A. Gray var. palmeri (S. Watson) McDermott, N. Am. Sp. Trif. 300, 1910. TYPE: MEXICO, Baja California: Ensenada Municipality, Guadalupe Island, 1875, E. Palmer 26 (holotype: NY; isotypes: BM, CM, G, K, NA, NDG, P, PH, YU)

Plants annual; roots small-large, 0.7-3.1 mm in diameter; stems erect-ascending, low to high branching, 8-50 cm in length, 0.9-2.9 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous to moderately pubescent distally, nodes glabrous to moderately pubescent; leaves trifoliate; stipules falcate- elliptic, 9.5-33.1x0.8-3.0 mm, glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins entire-slightly serrate, glabrous, apices attenuate-long attenuate, 2-10(-15)°; petioles 2.4-73.9x0.1-0.7 mm, basal petioles short, midstem petioles longer, distal petioles short, glabrous to moderately pubescent distally; petiolules 0.1-0.9x0.1-0.7 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent distally; basal leaflets linear-elliptic-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate-attenuate, 15-80°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices acute- rounded-truncate-obcordate, mucronulate, <0.4 mm, terminal leaflets 3.5-18.0x0.9-3.5 mm, indentation depth <0.4 mm; midstem leaflets linear-elliptic-obovate, glabrous adaxially, glabrous along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate, 20-60°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices acute-rounded, mucronulate, 0.1-0.5 mm, terminal leaflets 8.6-40.3x2.1-9.1 mm, indentation depth 0 mm; distal leaflets narrowly elliptic-elliptic, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely pubescent along midrib abaxially, glabrous abaxially, bases cuneate-attenuate, 20-60°, margins serrate, glabrous, apices acute, mucronulate, <0.7 mm, terminal leaflets 6.7-38.2x0.7-8.0 mm, indentation depth 0 mm; peduncles 10.5-61.4x0.3-0.9 mm, glabrous to moderately pubescent near inflorescence; inflorescences axillary, umbelliform raceme, 6.0-16.1x8.2-18.0 mm, rachis (0.0-)0.4-4.8 mm in length, glabrous; flowers 5-32, each subtended by a toothed, cup-like bract, 0.2-0.5 mm, in 2-5 whorls; pedicels 0.4-2.4x0.1-0.3 mm, glabrous, deflexed in fruit; calyx 4.20-7.0 mm long, tube length unequal, longest between adaxial sepals, 1.1-1.7 mm at shortest point, 1.3-2.4 mm at longest point, 1.2-2.6 mm in diameter, glabrous, free sepals narrowly triangular-triangular, sometimes deflexed in fruit, 2.7-5.5x0.5-1.1 mm adaxial sepals, 2.5-5.1x0.6-1.1 mm lateral sepals, 1.6-4.2x0.5-1.0 mm abaxial sepal, glabrous, margins entire- slightly serrate, usually hyaline, glabrous; banner petals pink-purple, sometimes white at apices,

4.6-7.6 mm long, symmetrically clawed, claws 0.2-1.3x0.7-1.8 mm, laminae ovate-elliptic, 4.4- 7.3x2.2-4.5 mm, bases cuneate-rounded, apices apiculate-rounded-retuse; wing petals purple- pink with white apices, 4.4-7.0 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 2.1-3.5x0.1-0.4 mm, laminae narrowly elliptic-elliptic, 2.2-4.0 mm long, 0.7-1.4 mm wide at widest point, 0.6-1.0 mm wide at narrowest point, bases auriculate, auricles 10-85°, 0.2-0.6x0.5-0.9 mm, margins entire, apices acute; keel petals purple-pink with white apices, 4.3-6.4 mm long, asymmetrically clawed, claws 2.3-3.6x0.2-0.4 mm, laminae elliptic-ovate, 1.9-3.2 mm long, 1.2-1.6 mm wide at widest point, 0.6-1.2 mm wide at narrowest point, bases truncate-rounded, margins entire, apices cuspidate-obtuse; stamens diadelphous, connate filaments 4.1-5.8x1.1-2.0 mm, fused for 62- 77% of their length, free filaments 3.3-5.5 mm long, anthers 0.2-0.3x0.2-0.3 mm; pistils sessile, ovaries 1.8-4.6x0.6-2.3 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent distally, styles 1.7-3.5x0.1-0.2 mm, ovules 2; legumes laterally compressed-inflated, 3.6-4.9x2.1-2.6 mm, glabrous; seeds 1-2, globular-mitten shaped, tan/brown-yellow-yellow mottled, 1.5-1.7x1.3-1.5 mm.

Representative specimens MEXICO. Baja California: Ensenada Municipality, Melpomone Cove, Guadalupe Island, 18 Mar 1932, J. T. Howell 8332 (CAS); Ensenada Municipality, Guadalupe Island, Along narrow talus slope at foot of cliffs and above normal high tide line, at landing between North and South Canyons, Twin Canyons, 24 Apr 1958, I. L. Wiggins & W. R. Ernst 54 (CAS). USA. California: Los Angeles County, San Clemente Island, Near head of Chenetti Canyon, just SW of the W prong of the trident formed at the top of the longest tributary, 1800’ SSE of Rest triangulation point, 21 May 1995, T. S. Ross 8602 (CAS); Los Angeles County, Isthmus, Santa Catalina Island, Pacific Ocean, off southern California, 21-26 Apr 1904, G. B. Grant & W. Wheeler H3404 (CAS); Santa Barbara County, Head of Graveyard Canyon, edge of cactus patch, Santa Barbara Island, 21 Mar 1940, M. B. Dunkle 7449 (UC); Ventura County, San Nicolas Island, NE coastal flats, just SW of Beach Road, on W side of first canyon W of “L” Canyon, locally common, flats, 18 May 1995, S. A. Junak SN-1207 (CAS); Ventura County, West Anacapa Island, SW end of island, at SE end of lower terrace, scarce, top of SW-facing bluffs, 8 Apr 1998, S. A. Junak WA-441 (SBBG).

Distribution and habitat

Trifolium palmeri has the narrowest distribution of the members of the T. gracilentum species complex (Fig. 30). It is only known from the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island in Mexico. Within the Channel Islands, it is found on all four of the southern islands, but only one of the northern islands (Anacapa Island). It grows on flats and on slopes, and occurs in grassland or scrub vegetation. It has been collected from rocky and clay soil, and from elevations of 15-1100 m.

Comments Trifolium palmeri can be easily distinguished from the other members of the T. gracilentum species complex by its very long stipules with attenuate to long attenuate apices, and by its long and narrow leaflets with acute apices. This species also tends to have thicker stems than its closest relatives. It is possible that T. palmeri may occasionally hybridize with T. gracilentum. On the label notes of Ross 6185 (MU), it is mentioned that the specimen was collected from a locality that also contained T. gracilentum x T. palmeri hybrids. Unfortunately, none of these hybrids could be located.

Figure 30. Geographic distribution of Trifolium palmeri.

Figure 31. Representative specimen of Trifolium palmeri (Ross 8602 (CAS)).

Conclusion Vincent & Isely (2012) recognized six taxa within the Trifolium gracilentum species complex: T. bifidum var. bifidum, T. bifidum var. decipiens, T. ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, T. oliganthum, and T. palmeri. After an in-depth morphological study of specimens belonging to this species complex, the existence of five taxa is supported: T. bifidum, T. ciliolatum, T. gracilentum, T. oliganthum, and T. palmeri. The separation of T. bifidum into two varieties was not supported. Additionally, results of the biogeographic analysis support the equilibrium model of island biogeography in the Channel Islands. The model predicts that rates of speciation are low on islands that are close to the mainland. The biogeographical analysis showed that specimens from the Channel Islands have not significantly differentiated from those on the mainland, and that the difference in level of isolation between the northern and southern Channel Islands is likely too small to make a difference in the rate of speciation. However, Guadalupe Island in Mexico may be far enough from the mainland to show an increased rate of speciation compared to the Channel Islands. There are several opportunities for future research that would expand on the results of this study. First, a molecular phylogenetic study of the species complex would help clarify some of the questions surrounding T. oliganthum and T. gracilentum. It would help determine whether T. oliganthum is in fact a member of this species complex and determine whether T. gracilentum should be divided into two subspecies or varieties based on variation in flower size. Another direction for further research is to continue the biogeographic analysis of the T. gracilentum species complex on the Channel Islands. If sample sizes from each of the islands are increased, the analysis will have more power to test the equilibrium model of island biogeography on a finer scale. Molecular analysis may also increase the power of the biogeographic analysis.

References

Adler, D., Murdoch, D., Nenadic, O., Urbanek, S., Chen, M., Gebhardt, A., … Eddelbuettel, D. (2019). rgl: 3D Visualization Using OpenGL. R package version 0.100.24. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgl

Ahlquist, T. K. (2012). A morphological analysis of the Trifolium amabile Kunth species complex in North America. MS Thesis, Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford.

Ayensu, E. S. (1967). Aerosol OT solution—An effective softener of herbarium specimens for anatomical study. Stain Technology, 42(3), 155-156.

Baldwin, B. G. (2014). Origins of plant diversity in the California Floristic Province. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 45, 347-369.

Burge, D. O., Thorne, J. H., Harrison, S. P., O’Brien, B. C., Rebman, J. P., Shevock, J. R., … Barry, T. (2016). Plant diversity and endemism in the California floristic province. Madroño, 63(2), 3-206.

Christenhusz, M. J. M., Fay, M. F., & Chase, M. W. (2017). Plants of the world: An illustrated encyclopedia of vascular plants. London: Kew Publishing. da Silva, A. R., Malafaia, G., & Menezes, I. P. P. (2017) biotools: An R function to predict spatial gene diversity via an individual-based approach. R package version 3.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=biotools

Dalke, A. (2008). The relationship between Trifolium spp. abundance and environmental variables in East Bay grasslands. 14pp. https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/es196/projects/2008final/Dalke_2008.pdf [accessed 1 July 2019]

Ellison, N. W., Liston, A., Steiner, J. J., Williams, W. M., & Taylor, N.L. (2006). Molecular phylogenetics of the clover genus (Trifolium—Leguminosae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39(3), 688-705.

Fernald, M. L. (1894). Notes from the Gray Herbarium. Zoë, 4(4), 379-380.

Foster, B. G. (2015). A taxonomic reevaluation of Trifolium variegatum Nutt. based on morphology. MS Thesis, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford.

French, A., Macedo, M., Poulsen, J., Waterson, T., & Yu, A. (2008). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Retrieved from http://userwww.sfsu.edu/efc/classes/biol710/manova/MANOVAnewest.pdf

Galili, T., Benjamini, Y., Simpson, G., Jefferis, G., Gallotta, M., Renaudie, J., … Hennig, C. (2019). dendextend: Extending 'dendrogram' functionality in R. R package version 1.12.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dendextend

Garcillán, P. P., Ezcurra, E., & Vega, E. (2008). Guadalupe Island: Lost paradise recovered? Overgrazing impact on extinction in a remote oceanic island as estimated through accumulation functions. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17, 1613-1625.

Gillett, J. M. (1966). Type collections of Trifolium in the Greene herbarium at Notre Dame. American Midland Naturalist, 76: 468-474.

Gillett, J. M. & Taylor, N. L. (2001). The world of clovers. M. Collins (Ed.). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

Greene, E. L. (1894). Manual of the botany of the region of San Francisco Bay. San Francisco, CA: Cubery & Company, Printers.

Harris, J. G. & Harris, M. W. (2001). Plant identification terminology: An illustrated glossary (2nd ed.). Spring Lake, UT: Spring Lake Publishing.

Henderson, A. (2006). Traditional morphometrics in plant systematics and its role in palm systematics. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 151, 103-111.

House, H. D. (1906). New and noteworthy North American species of Trifolium. Botanical Gazette, 41(5), 334-347.

Jepson, W. L. (1925). A manual of the flowering plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kisel, Y. & Barraclough, T. G. (2010). Speciation has a spatial scale that depends on levels of gene flow. The American Naturalist, 175(3), 316-334.

Korkmaz, S., Goksuluk, D., & Zararsiz, G. (2019). MVN: Multivariate normality tests. R package version 5.7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MVN

Ligges, U., Maechler, M., & Schnackenberg, S. (2018). scatterplot3d: 3D scatter plot. R package version 0.3-41. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=scatterplot3d

Legume Phylogeny Working Group (2017). A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon, 66(1), 44-77.

Lulow, M. E. (2008). Restoration of California native grasses and clovers: The roles of clipping, broadleaf herbicide, and native grass density. Restoration Ecology, 16(4), 584-593.

MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. (1963). An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution, 17(4), 373-387.

MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. (1967). The theory of island biogeography. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Marhold, K. (2011). Multivariate morphometrics and its application to monography at specific and infraspecific levels. In T. F. Stuessy & H. W. Lack (Eds.), Monographic plant systematics: Fundamental assessment of plant biodiversity. (pp. 73-99). Königstein: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. E.

McBirney, A. R. & Williams, H. (1969). Geology and petrology of the Galápagos Islands. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, Inc.

McDermott, L. F. (1910). An illustrated key to the North American species of Trifolium. San Francisco, CA: California Press.

McGlaughlin, M. E., Wallace, L. E., Wheeler, G. L., Bresowar, G., Riley, L., Britten, N. R., & Helenurm, K. (2014). Do the island biogeography predictions of MacArthur and Wilson hold when examining genetic diversity on the near mainland California Channel Islands? Examples from endemic Acmispon (Fabaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 289-304.

Price, J. P. (2004). Floristic biogeography of the Hawaiian Islands: influences of area, environment and paleogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 31(3), 487-500.

R Core Team (2019). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org

Ratay, S. E., Vanderplank, S. E., & Wilder, B. T. (2014). Island specialists: Shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 7(1), 161-220.

Rohlf, F. J. (2000). NTSYSpc version 2.1. Setauket, NY: Exeter Software.

Sneath, P. H. A. & Sokal, R. R. (1962). Numerical taxonomy. Nature, 193(4818), 855-860.

Sokal, R. R. (1963). The principles and practice of numerical taxonomy. Taxon, 12(5), 190-199.

Spooner, D. M. (2011). The significance of fieldwork in monographic studies. In T. F. Stuessy & H. W. Lack (Eds.), Monographic plant systematics: Fundamental assessment of plant biodiversity. (pp. 25-32). Königstein: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. E.

Steele, K. P. & Wojciechowski, M. F. (2003). Phylogenetic analyses of tribes Trifolieae and Vicieae, based on sequences of the plastid gene matK (Papilionoideae: Leguminosae). In B. B. Klitgaard & A. Bruneau (Eds.), Advances in legume systematics, part 10, higher level systematics. (pp. 355-370). London: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Thiers, B. M. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. Website http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ [accessed 7 June 2019].

Torrey, J. & Gray, A. (1838-1843). A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system. New York, NY: G. & C. Carville & Co.

Vincent, M. A. & Isely, D. (2012). Trifolium, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=10383 [accessed 28 June 2019].

Wallace, L. E., Wheeler, G. L., McGlaughlin, M. E., Bresowar, G., & Helenurm, K. (2017). Phylogeography and genetic structure of endemic Acmispon argophyllus and A. dendroideus (Fabaceae) across the California Channel Islands. American Journal of Botany, 104(5), 743-756.

Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236-244.

Watson, L. E., Sayed-Ahmed, H., & Badr, A. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of Old World Trifolium (Fabaceae), based on plastid and nuclear markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 224, 153-171.

Watson, S. (1875-1876). Botanical contributions: On the flora of Guadalupe Island, Lower California; list of a collection of plants from Guadalupe Island, made by Dr. Edward Palmer, with his notes upon them; descriptions of new species of plants, chiefly Californian, with revisions of certain genera. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11,105-148.

Whittaker, R. J., Triantis, K. A., & Ladle, R. J. (2008). A general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 977-994.

Whittaker, R. J., Fernández-Palacios, J. M., Matthews, T. J., Borregaard, M. K., & Triantis, K. A. (2017). Island biogeography: Taking the long view of nature’s laboratories. Science, 357(6354).

Wilkins, J. S. (2009). Species: A history of the idea. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Zohary, M. & Heller, D. (1984). The genus Trifolium. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Appendix 1. Table of specimens used in analyses, with updated nomenclature.

Tag Herbarium Barcode/Accession Collector Collector Number Species TB1 MU 000203973/167838 Janeway, L.P. & Castro, B. 4345 T. bifidum TB2 MU 000203967/184566 Oswald, V.H. & Ahart, L. 8961 T. bifidum TB3 MU 000203974/168894 Howell, J.T. 6465 T. bifidum TB5 MU 000203975/47600 Michener, C.H. s.n. T. bifidum TB6 MU 000203972/167830 Ahart, L. 3982 T. bifidum TB8 MU 000203969/172765 Morgan, R. 1516 T. bifidum TB9 MU 000203968/172766 Morgan, R. 1134 T. bifidum TB10 MU 000203966/173645 Oswald, V.H. & Ahart, L. 6165 T. bifidum TB11 MU 000203965/184097 Vincent, M.A. & Freid, E.H. 8164 T. bifidum TB13 MU 000203963/202759 Oswald, V.H. & Ahart, L. 4911 T. bifidum TB14 MU 000032792/230279 Halse, R.R. 6186 T. bifidum TB15 MU 000097586/270712 Halse, R.R. 7621 T. bifidum TB16 MU 000032848/230332 Halse, R.R. 1503 T. bifidum TB17 MU 000203987/209611 Crampton, B. 7674 T. bifidum TB19 MU 000203988/209621 Crampton, B. 7636 T. bifidum TB20 MU 000203979/47333 Michener & Bioletti s.n. T. bifidum TB21 MU 000203978/126715 Dudley, W.R. s.n. T. bifidum TB22 MU 000203977/126719 Dudley, W.R. s.n. T. bifidum TB23 MU 000203976/126718 Dudley, W.R. s.n. T. bifidum TB26 MU 000132238/283330 CDFA Staff s.n. T. bifidum TB27 MU 000132341/283329 CDFA Staff s.n. T. bifidum TB28 MU 000032847/230334 Halse, R.R. 1503A T. bifidum TB29 MU 000204427/167835 Ahart, L. 1333 T. bifidum TB30 MU 000130931/283309 Kelch, D.G. 11.248Hpart T. bifidum TB31 SBBG 141132 Ertter, B. & Brummitt, R.K. 16092 T. bifidum TB32 SBBG 124128 Douglas, P. et al. HL 1238 T. bifidum TB33 SBBG 33477 Elmer, A.D.E. 4798 T. bifidum TC1 MU 000204175/124467 Wiggins, I.L. 20754 T. ciliolatum TC3 MU 000204172/168897 Johnston, I. 1194 T. ciliolatum TC4 MU 000204173/47371 Heller, A.A. 13924 T. ciliolatum TC5 MU 000204171/168898 Keck, D.D. 1792 T. ciliolatum TC6 MU 000204170/172772 Morgan, R. 1564 T. ciliolatum TC7 MU 000204166/185857 Banks, D.L. et al. 1949 T. ciliolatum TC8 MU 000204165/185893 Wheeler, L.C. s.n. T. ciliolatum TC9 MU 000033212/230639 Halse, R.R. 5749 T. ciliolatum TC10 MU 000132347/283323 Beyers, M. 358 T. ciliolatum TC12 MU 000132351/283318 Kelch, D.G. 11.244 T. ciliolatum TC13 MU 000277620/295193 Vande Pol, M. s.n. T. ciliolatum TC14 MU 000277621/295194 Vande Pol, M. s.n. T. ciliolatum TC17 MU 000204181/209642 Crampton, B. 7905 T. ciliolatum

Appendix 1 continued.

Tag Herbarium Barcode/Accession Collector Collector Number Species TC20 MU 000204179/47366 Hass, H.E. s.n. T. ciliolatum TC21 MU 000097583/270709 Halse, R.R. 7910 T. ciliolatum TC23 MU 000204169/172774 Morgan, R. 1105 T. ciliolatum TC25 MU 000009450/217515 Rose, L.S. 46044 T. ciliolatum TC30 SBBG 143785 Junak, S.A. SC-4263 T. ciliolatum TC31 SBBG 139339 Junak, S.A. SCa-1819 T. ciliolatum TC32 SBBG 116995 Junak, S.A. SCa-1471 T. ciliolatum TC33 SBBG 78316 Hoffmann, R. s.n. T. ciliolatum TC34 SBBG 91297 Junak, S.A. & Hochberg, M. SC-293a T. ciliolatum TG1 MU 000204430/172770 Morgan, R. 1514 T. gracilentum TG2 MU 000204434/183703 Vincent, M.A. & Freid, E.H. 8153 T. gracilentum TG4 MU 000204425/203599 Banks, D.L. & Kinney, M. 2230 T. gracilentum TG5 MU 000204423/168905 Clokey, I.W. & Anderson, E.G. 6704 T. gracilentum TG6 MU 000204422/47509 Davy, J.B. 175 T. gracilentum TG7 MU 000204420/47507 Michener & Bioletti s.n. T. gracilentum TG8 MU 000204418/47505 Binns, F. s.n. T. gracilentum TG9 MU 000204415/185800 Soza, V. 76 T. gracilentum TG10 MU 000204412/197514 Wheeler, L.C. s.n. T. gracilentum TG11 MU 000204414/185799 Wheeler, L.C. s.n. T. gracilentum TG13 GH Palmer, E. 613 T. gracilentum TG15 GH Raven, P.H. et al. 12375 T. gracilentum TG16 GH Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 26 T. gracilentum TG17 GH Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 16 T. gracilentum TG18 BRIT Clokey, I.W. & Anderson, E.G. 6713 T. gracilentum TG20 BRIT Schallert, P.O. 202 T. gracilentum TG21 BRIT Pollard, H.M. s.n. T. gracilentum TG22 BRIT Kennedy, P.B. s.n. T. gracilentum TG23 BRIT Heller, A.A. 15537 T. gracilentum TG24 BRIT Schallert, P.O. 231 T. gracilentum TG25 BRIT Clokey, I.W. & Anderson, E.G. 6681 T. gracilentum TG26 BRIT Elmer, A.D.E. 4836 T. gracilentum TG27 BRIT Russell, N.H. 11381 T. gracilentum TG28 BRIT Rose, L.S. 65065 T. gracilentum TG29 BRIT Shapeero, W.L. 1 T. gracilentum TG31 CAS 589341/976221 Blakley, E.R. 5783 T. gracilentum TG32 CAS 589331/976308 Junak, S.A. 6337 T. gracilentum TG33 CAS 589326/930804 Junak, S.A. SC-3616 T. gracilentum TG36 CAS 589344 Moran, R. 5978 T. gracilentum TG38 CAS 589346 Moran, R. 2841 T. gracilentum TG40 CAS 589348/212228 Howell, J.T. 8247 T. gracilentum

Appendix 1 continued.

Tag Herbarium Barcode/Accession Collector Collector Number Species TG42 CAS 589350 Wiggins, I.L. 9731 T. gracilentum TG43 CAS 589351 Wiggins, I.L. 5234A T. gracilentum TG44 CAS 589352 7546 T. gracilentum TG45 CAS 589353/612612 Moran, R. 22934 T. gracilentum TG48 CAS 589354 Wiggins, I.L. 5175B T. gracilentum TG49 UC 1587208/1587208 Ross, T. et al. 5328 T. gracilentum TG50 UC 1586764/1586764 Junak, S.A. SC-2520 T. gracilentum TG52 UC 675778/675778 Hoffmann, R. s.n. T. gracilentum TG53 UC 675779/675779 Hoffmann, R. s.n. T. gracilentum TG54 UC 675849/675849 Hoffmann, R. s.n. T. gracilentum TG55 UC 310548/310548 Munz, P.A. 9601 T. gracilentum TG59 MU 000204438/209723 Crampton, B. 7639 T. gracilentum TG60 MU 000204436/168906 Johnston, I. 1192 T. gracilentum TG61 MU 000204429/172771 Morgan, R. 1486 T. gracilentum TG67 MU 000204435/184586 Oswald, V.H. & Ahart, L. 8942 T. gracilentum TG69 MU 000204416/178184 Banks, D.L. & Boyd, S. 0443 T. gracilentum TG70 MU 000204433/182771 Wheeler, L.C. 9459 T. gracilentum TG72 MU 000111090/275928 Dean, E. et al. 6922 T. gracilentum TG73 MU 000204410/20525 Thomas, J.H. 8998 T. gracilentum TG75 SBBG SBBG152373/117061 Junak, S.A. & Kirkland, K. SCa-1455 T. gracilentum TG76 SBBG SBBG152409/108922 Junak, S.A. SCl-847 T. gracilentum TG77 SBBG Rogers, L.M. & Tressel, L.G. 2 T. gracilentum TG78 SBBG Rodriguez, D. GRAC 1 T. gracilentum TO1 MU 000204928/167829 Ahart, L. 6644 T. oliganthum TO2 MU 000097539/270729 Halse, R.R. 7593 T. oliganthum TO3 MU 000204926/27361 Sharsmith, H.K. 5379 T. oliganthum TO4 MU 000204932/172734 Morgan, R. 1550 T. oliganthum TO5 MU 000204931/173639 Ahart, L. 7283 T. oliganthum TO7 MU 000011670/218399 Vincent, M.A. & Freid, E.H. 8152 T. oliganthum TO8 MU 000204929/167828 Ahart, L. 6645 T. oliganthum TO9 US 1240794 Heller, A.A. 11230 T. oliganthum TO10 US 440727 Baker, C.F. 2606 T. oliganthum TO11 US 2263158 Rose, L.S. 57053 T. oliganthum TO12 US 66994 Smith, E.C. 727 T. oliganthum TO13 US 66997 Macoun, J. s.n. T. oliganthum TO14 US 1534970 Thompson, J.W. 6091 T. oliganthum TO15 US 2001203 Hoover, R.F. 2089 T. oliganthum TO16 US 1201265 Ferris, R.S. 1753 T. oliganthum TO17 US 440666 Baker, C.F. 1907 T. oliganthum TO18 US 624169 Foster, A.S. 2058 T. oliganthum

Appendix 1 continued.

Tag Herbarium Barcode/Accession Collector Collector Number Species TO20 BRIT Breedlove, D.E. 4756 T. oliganthum TO21 BRIT Rose, L.S. 53037 T. oliganthum TO22 MO 1231046 Rose, L.S. 40252 T. oliganthum TO23 MO 203057 Bolander, H. 3827 T. oliganthum TO24 GH Calder, J.A. & MacKay, K.T. 28861 T. oliganthum TO25 GH Calder, J.A. & MacKay, K.T. 29993 T. oliganthum TO26 GH GH-5376 Fletcher s.n. T. oliganthum TO27 GH Calder, J.A. et al. 16364 T. oliganthum TO28 GH Macoun, J. 99 T. oliganthum TO29 GH GH-5377P Macoun, J. 14 T. oliganthum TO30 PH Smith, B.H. s.n. T. oliganthum TO31 GH Suksdorf, W.N. 2582 T. oliganthum TO32 GH Nelson, J.C. 2177 T. oliganthum TO33 MO 203054 Hall, E. 101 T. oliganthum TO34 MO 787462 Grant, J.M. s.n. T. oliganthum TO35 MO 1209659 Thompson, J.W. 11398 T. oliganthum TO36 PH 797943 Thompson, J.W. 14269 T. oliganthum TO38 PH 592385 Grant, J.M. s.n. T. oliganthum TO39 MO 816518 Zeller, S.M. & Zeller, E.B. 792 T. oliganthum TO40 MO 816539 Zeller, S.M. & Zeller, E.B. 791 T. oliganthum TO42 GH Mason, H.L. 4560 T. oliganthum TO43 MO 997429 Blankinship, J.W. s.n. T. oliganthum TO45 MO 1733506 Howell, J.T. 21622 T. oliganthum TO46 MO 1733549 Howell, J.T. 23080 T. oliganthum TO47 GH Eastwood, A. 4354 T. oliganthum TO48 MO 41408 Bolander, H.N. 1305 T. oliganthum TO49 GH Tracy, J.P. 1481 T. oliganthum TO50 ECON Baker, C.F. 549 T. oliganthum TO51 MO 1858268 Michener & Bioletti s.n. T. oliganthum TO52 PENN 72547 Heller, A.A. 7306 T. oliganthum TO53 MO 3834285 Ahart, L. 3373 T. oliganthum TO54 MO 1200187 Cronquist, A. 2042 T. oliganthum TP1 MU 000204949/174464 Ross, T. 6185 T. palmeri TP3 GH Palmer, E. 832 T. palmeri TP4 GH Palmer, E. 859 T. palmeri TP6 GH Brown, W.W., Jr. 18 T. palmeri TP7 GH Irwin & Lyers 14 T. palmeri TP8 GH Brown, W.W., Jr. 53 T. palmeri TP9 GH Brown, W.W., Jr. 13 T. palmeri TP10 GH Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 134 T. palmeri

Appendix 1 continued.

Tag Herbarium Barcode/Accession Collector Collector Number Species TP12 MO 1861249 Trask, B. 37 T. palmeri TP14 CAS 589336 Thorne, R.F. 42793a T. palmeri TP15 CAS 589339 Nevin & Lyon s.n. T. palmeri TP16 CAS 589325/926604 Ross, T.S. 8602 T. palmeri TP17 CAS 589316/951315 Junak, S.A. SCI-725 T. palmeri TP18 CAS 589317/951147 Junak, S.A. SCI-791 T. palmeri TP20 CAS 589322/930309 Junak, S.A. SN-1170 T. palmeri TP22 CAS 589324/930888 Junak, S.A. SN-1050 T. palmeri TP23 CAS 589319/798796 Junak, S.A. SN-858 T. palmeri TP25 CAS 589318/799803 Junak, S.A. SN-1207 T. palmeri TP26 CAS 589332 Grant, G.B. & Wheeler, W. H3404 T. palmeri TP27 CAS 589338 Peirson, F.W. 3436 T. palmeri TP28 CAS 360571 Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 18 T. palmeri TP29 CAS 360568/212229 Howell, J.T. 8332 T. palmeri TP30 CAS 360573 Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 177 T. palmeri TP31 CAS 360561 Moran, R. 5953 T. palmeri TP32 CAS 360563 Moran, R. 5993 T. palmeri TP33 CAS 360564 Moran, R. 2865A T. palmeri TP34 CAS 360566/146965 Mason, H.L. 1513 T. palmeri TP35 CAS 360570 Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 54 T. palmeri TP37 UC 2052855 Dunkle, M.B. 7449 T. palmeri TP38 UC 1174395/M174395 Wiggins, I.L. & Ernst, W.R. 213 T. palmeri TP40 MU 000204950/174465 Ross, T. & Kellogg, E. 6142 T. palmeri TP41 CAS 589347 Weber, W.A. & McCoy, C.J. 12001 T. palmeri TP42 SBBG 112005 Junak, S.A. WA-441 T. palmeri TP43 SBBG 111992 Junak, S.A. WA-445 T. palmeri TP44 MU Rogers, L.M. & Tressel, L.G. 1 T. palmeri TP45 SBBG Howard, J.A. et al. Sample 4 T. palmeri

Appendix 2. List of quantitative and qualitative characters measured. The 70 characters included in full analyses and the 14 characters included in subset analyses are indicated.

Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Qualitative description of the life history (annual or LifHis Life History perennial). Ro Roots Qualitative description of the roots (large, small, etc.). Measurement of the diameter of the taproot at 1cm below RoDi Root Diameter the crown. Qualitative description of the habit of the stems (erect, Ste Stems prostrate, etc.). Degree of Qualitative description of the degree to which the stems DegBran Branching branch. Measurement of the length of the longest stem, from the SteLe Stem Length X crown to the distal-most point. Measurement of the diameter of the longest stem at 1cm SteDi Stem Diameter X above the crown. Internode Qualitative description of the density of pubescence of the IntPub Pubescence internodes. Measurement of the length of the internode at the midpoint IntLe Internode Length X of the stem. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence of the NodPub Node Pubescence nodes. Measurement of the length of the stipule from the base to StiLe Stipule Length X X the apex. StiWi Stipule Width X Measurement of the width of the stipule at the widest point. StiShap Stipule Shape Qualitative description of the overall shape of the stipule. Stipule Apex Qualitative description of the shape of the apex of the StiApShap Shape stipule. Stipule Lobe Measurement of the number of lobes along the margin of StiLoNu Number X the stipule. Stipule Lobe StiLoLe Length Measurement of the length of the longest stipule lobe. Stipule Adaxial Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the StiAdPub Pubescence adaxial side of the stipule. Stipule Abaxial Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the StiAbPub Pubescence abaxial side of the stipule. StiMar Stipule Margins Qualitative description of the margin of the stipule. Stipule Margin Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the StiMarPub Pubescence margin of the stipule. Stipule Apex StiApAng Angle X Measurement of the apex angle of the stipule. Basal Petiole Measurement of the length of the petiole of the basal-most BasPetLe Length leaf preserved on the specimen. Basal Petiole Measurement of the diameter of the petiole of the basal- BasPetDi Diameter most leaf preserved on the specimen. Midstem Petiole Measurement of the length of the petiole of the leaf at the MidPetLe Length X midpoint of the stem. Midstem Petiole Measurement of the diameter of the petiole of the leaf at the MidPetDi Diameter X midpoint of the stem. Distal Petiole Measurement of the length of the petiole of the distal-most DisPetLe Length X mature leaf.

Appendix 2 continued. Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Distal Petiole Measurement of the diameter of the petiole of the distal- DisPetDi Diameter X X most mature leaf. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the PetPub Petiole Pubescence petioles. Basal Leaflet Qualitative description of the overall shape of the basal BasLflShap Shape leaflets. Qualitative description of the shape of the base of the basal BasLflBas Basal Leaflet Base leaflets. Qualitative description of the shape of the apex of the basal BasLflAp Basal Leaflet Apex leaflets. Midstem Leaflet Qualitative description of the overall shape of the midstem MidLflShap Shape leaflets. Midstem Leaflet Qualitative description of the shape of the base of the MidLflBas Base midstem leaflets. Midstem Leaflet Qualitative description of the shape of the apex of the MidLflAp Apex midstem leaflets. Distal Leaflet Qualitative description of the overall shape of the distal DisLflShap Shape leaflets. Qualitative description of the shape of the base of the distal DisLflBas Distal Leaflet Base leaflets. Distal Leaflet Qualitative description of the shape of the apex of the distal DisLflAp Apex leaflets. Leaflet Adaxial Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the LflAdPub Pubescence adaxial side of the leaflets. Leaflet Abaxial Midrib Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the LflAbMidrPub Pubescence midribs of the leaflets. Leaflet Abaxial Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the LflAbPub Pubescence abaxial side of the leaflets. Basal Leaflet Base BasLflBA Angle Measurement of the base angle of the basal leaflets. Midstem Leaflet MidLflBA Base Angle X Measurement of the base angle of the midstem leaflets. Distal Leaflet Base DisLflBA Angle X Measurement of the base angle of the distal leaflets. LflMar Leaflet Margins Qualitative description of the margins of the leaflets. Leaflet Margin Qualitative description of the density of pubscence on the LflMarPub Pubescence margins of the leaflets. Basal Leaflet Measurement of the length of the thin, pointed projection at BasLflMuLe Mucro Length the apex of the basal leaflets. Midstem Leaflet Measurement of the length of the thin, pointed projection at MidLflMuLe Mucro Length X the apex of the midstem leaflets. Distal Leaflet Measurement of the length of the thin, pointed projection at DisLflMuLe Mucro Length X the apex of the distal leaflets. Basal Terminal Measurement of the length of the terminal leaflet on the BasTerLflLe Leaflet Length basal leaf. Basal Terminal Measurement of the width of the terminal leaflet on the BasTerLfWi Leaflet Width basal leaf at its widest point. Basal Leaflet Indentation Measurement of the length of the indentation at the apex of BasLflIndent Depth the terminal leaflet on the basal leaf at its deepest point. Midstem Terminal Measurement of the length of the terminal leaflet on the MidTerLflLe Leaflet Length X midstem leaf. Midstem Terminal Measurement of the width of the terminal leaflet on the MidTerLflWi Leaflet Width X midstem leaf at its widest point.

Appendix 2 continued. Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Midstem Leaflet Measurement of the length of the indentation at the apex of Indentation the terminal leaflet on the midstem leaf at its deepest MidLflIndent Depth X point. Distal Terminal Measurement of the length of the terminal leaflet on the DisTerLflLe Leaflet Length X distal leaf. Distal Terminal Measurement of the width of the terminal leaflet on the DisTerLflWi Leaflet Width X distal leaf at its widest point. Distal Leaflet Indentation Measurement of the length of the indentation at the apex of DisLflIndent Depth X the terminal leaflet on the distal leaf at its deepest point. Basal Petiolule Measurement of the length of the stalk that attaches each BasPetiLe Length basal leaflet to the petiole. Basal Petiolule Measurement of the width of the stalk that attaches each BasPetiDi Diameter basal leaflet to the petiole. Midstem Petiolule Measurement of the length of the stalk that attaches each MidPetiLe Length X midstem leaflet to the petiole. Midstem Petiolule Measurement of the width of the stalk that attaches each MidPetiDi Diameter X midstem leaflet to the petiole. Distal Petiolule Measurement of the length of the stalk that attaches each DisPetiLe Length X distal leaflet to the petiole. Distal Petiolule Measurement of the width of the stalk that attaches each DisPetiDi Diameter X distal leaflet to the petiole. Petiolule Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the PetiPub Pubescence stalks that attach each leaflet to the petiole. Infl Inflorescence Qualitative description of the type of inflorescence. Measurement of the length of the inflorescence from the Inflorescence lowest point of the flowers to the highest point of the InflLe Length X X flowers. Inflorescence Measurement of the width of the inflorescence at its widest InflWi Width X X point. Measurement of the length of the sterile projection of the RaLe Rachis Length X inflorescence. FlowerNo Flower Number X Measurement of number of flowers per inflorescence. Qualitative description of the shape of the small bracts at the FlorBrac Floral Bracts base of each pedicel. Floral Bract Measurement of the length of the small bracts at the base of FlorBracLe Length each pedicel. Measurement of the radius of the involucre at the base of the entire inflorescence, from the point of attachment to InvolRad Involucre Radius the apex of the longest lobe. Involucre Lobe Measurement of the length of the longest lobe of the InvolLoLe Length involucre. Involucre Lobe Measurement of the number of lobes along the margin of InvolLoNo Number each involucre. Involucre Lobe Qualitative description of the shape of the lobes along the InvolLoSh Shape margin of each involucre. Measurement of the number of whorls of flowers in the WhorlNo Whorl Number X inflorescence. PeduLe Peduncle Length X Measurement of the length of the peduncle. PeduDi Peduncle Diameter Measurement of the diameter of the peduncle. Peduncle Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the PeduPub Pubescence peduncle.

Appendix 2 continued. Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Pedi Pedicels Qualitative description of the pedicels (erect, deflexed, etc.). PediLe Pedicel Length X Measurement of the length of the pedicels. PediDi Pedicel Diameter X Measurement of the diameter of the pedicels. Pedicel Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the PediPub Pubescence pedicels. Maximum Sepal Measurement of the maximum length of the calyx, from the MaxSepLe Length calyx base to the apex of the longest sepal. Sepal Tube Measurement of the diameter of the portion of the calyx SepTuDi Diameter where the five sepals are fused, at the widest point. Sepal Tube Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the SepTuPub Pubescence portion of the calyx where the sepals are fused. Sepal Tube Length Measurement of the length of the fused portion of the calyx, SepTuLeMin Minimum X at its shortest point. Sepal Tube Length Measurement of the length of the fused portion of the calyx, SepTuLeMax Maximum X X at its longest point. SepShap Sepal Shape Qualitative description of the shape of the sepals. Measurement of the length of the adaxial sepals, measured Sepal Adaxial from the end of the tube (at its minimum length) to the SepAdLe Length X X sepal apex. Sepal Adaxial SepAdWi Width X Measurement of the width of the adaxial sepals. Measurement of the length of the lateral sepals, measured Sepal Lateral from the end of the tube (at its minimum length) to the SepLatLe Length X sepal apex. Sepal Lateral SepLatWi Width X Measurement of the width of the lateral sepals. Measurement of the length of the abaxial sepal, measured Sepal Abaxial from the end of the tube (at its minimum length) to the SepAbLe Length X sepal apex. Sepal Abaxial SepAbWi Width X Measurement of the width of the abaxial sepal. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the SepPub Sepal Pubescence free portion of the calyx. SepMar Sepal Margins Qualitative description of the margins of the sepals. Sepal Tooth Measurement of the number of pointed, irregular teeth on SepTooNo Number the margin of the abaxial sepal. Sepal Lobe Measurement of the number of rounded, regular lobes on SepLobNo Number X the margin of the abaxial sepal. Sepal Margin Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the SepMarPub Pubescence margins of the calyx. Sepal Abaxial SepAbApA Apex Angle Measurement of the apex angle of the abaxial sepal. Sepal Lateral Apex SepLatApA Angle Measurement of the apex angle of the lateral sepals. Sepal Adaxial SepAdApA Apex Angle Measurement of the apex angle of the adaxial sepals. BanCol Banner Petal Color Qualitative description of the color of the banner petal. Banner Petal BanLe Length X Measurement of the length of the banner petal. Banner Petal Claw Measurement of the length of the thin portion at the base of BanClLe Length X X the banner petal.

Appendix 2 continued. Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Banner Petal Claw Measurement of the width of the thin portion at the base of BanClWi Width X the banner petal. Banner Petal Qualitative description of the shape of the banner petal BanLamShap Lamina Shape lamina. Banner Petal Qualitative description of the base of the banner petal BanLamBas Lamina Base lamina. Banner Petal Qualitative description of the apex of the banner petal BanLamAp Lamina Apex lamina. Banner Petal BanLamLe Lamina Length Measurement of the length of the lamina of the banner petal. Banner Petal BanWi Lamina Width X X Measurement of the width of the lamina of the banner petal. WingCol Wing Petal Color Qualitative description of the color of the wing petals. WingLe Wing Petal Length X X Measurement of the length of the wing petals. Wing Petal Claw Measurement of the length of the thin portion at the base of WingClLe Length X X the wing petals. Wing Petal Claw Measurement of the width of the thin portion at the base of WingClWi Width X the wing petals. Wing Petal Lamina Qualitative description of the shape of the wing petal WingLamShap Shape lamina. Wing Petal Lamina WingLamLe Length Measurement of the length of the lamina of the wing petals. Wing Petal Lamina Measurement of the width of the lamina of the wing petals WingWiWide Width Wide X at the widest point. Wing Petal Lamina Measurement of the width of the lamina of the wing petals WingWiNar Width Narrow X at the narrowest point, near the base. Wing Petal Lamina WingLamBas Base Qualitative description of the base of the wing petal lamina. Wing Petal Lamina Measurement of the angle of the auricle at the base of the WingAurAng Auricle Angle X wing petal lamina. Wing Petal Lamina Measurement of the length of the auricle at the base of the WingAurLe Auricle Length X wing petal lamina. Wing Petal Lamina Measurement of the width of the auricle at the base of the WingAurWi Auricle Width X wing petal lamina. Wing Petal Lamina Qualitative description of the margins of the wing petal WingLamMar Margin lamina. Wing Petal Lamina WingLamAp Apex Qualitative description of the apex of the wing petal lamina. KeelCol Keel Petal Color Qualitative description of the color of the keel petals. KeelLe Keel Petal Length X Measurement of the length of the keel petals. Keel Petal Claw Measurement of the length of the thin portion at the base of KeelClLe Length X the keel petals. Keel Petal Claw Measurement of the width of the thin portion at the base of KeelClWi Width X the keel petals. Keel Petal Lamina KeelLamShap Shape Qualitative description of the shape of the keel petal lamina. Keel Petal Lamina KeelLamLe Length Measurement of the length of the lamina of the keel petals. Keel Petal Lamina Measurement of the width of the lamina of the keel petals at KeelWiWide Width Wide X X the widest point. Keel Petal Lamina Measurement of the width of the lamina of the keel petals at KeelWiNar Width Narrow X the narrowest point, near the base.

Appendix 2 continued. Full Subset Abbreviation Character Analyses Analyses Description Keel Petal Lamina KeelLamBas Base Qualitative description of the base of the keel petal lamina. Keel Petal Lamina Qualitative description of the margins of the keel petal KeelLamMar Margin lamina. Keel Petal Lamina KeelLamAp Apex Qualitative description of the apex of the keel petal lamina. Connate Filaments Measurement of the full length of the 9 fused stamen ConFilLe Length X filaments. Connate Filaments ConFilWi Width X X Measurement of the width of the 9 fused stamen filaments. Connate Filaments Measurement of the length of the fused portion of the 9 ConFilFuLe Fused Length X X fused stamen filaments. Connate Filament Measurement of the percent of the length of the connate ConFilPerFu Percent Fusion filaments where the filaments are fused. AnthLe Anther Length X Measurement of the length of the anthers. AnthWi Anther Width X Measurement of the width of the anthers. Free Filament Measurement of the length of the singular, unfused stamen FFilLe Length X filament. OvLe Ovary Length X Measurement of the length of the ovary. OvWi Ovary Width X Measurement of the width of the ovary. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the OvPub Ovary Pubescence ovary. StyLe Style Length X X Measurement of the length of the style tube. StyDi Style Diameter X Measurement of the diameter of the style tube. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the StyPub Style Pubescence style tube. OvuNo Ovule Number X Measurement of the number of ovules per ovary. FruShap Fruit Shape Qualitative description of the shape of the fruit. Qualitative description of the density of pubescence on the FruPub Fruit Pubescence fruit. FruLe Fruit Length Measurement of the length of the fruit. FruWi Fruit Width Measurement of the width of the fruit. SeedPerFru Seeds per Fruit Measurement of the number of seeds per fruit. SeedShap Seed Shape Qualitative description of the shape of the seeds. SeedCol Seed Color Qualitative description of the color of the seeds. SeedLe Seed Length Measurement of the length of the seeds. SeedWi Seed Width Measurement of the width of the seeds.

Appendix 3. Table of quantitative data used in statistical analyses. Linear measurements are in mm, and angular measurements are in degrees.

Tag SteLe SteDi IntLe StiLe StiWi StiLoNu StiApAng MidPetLe MidPetDi DisPetLe TB1 300.2 0.978 45.4 14.9 3.11 2 15 19.3 0.39 3.31 TB2 122.2 0.660 34.4 8.80 2.73 1 25 18.3 0.448 5.90 TB3 202.5 1.02 61.0 11.80 2.59 1 10 37.0 0.335 4.70 TB5 175.2 0.834 69.0 8.39 2.84 1 35 29.5 0.386 5.03 TB6 131.0 1.08 16.6 10.37 2.63 1 20 6.71 0.268 2.99 TB8 188.2 0.606 63.4 8.75 2.29 1 20 41.6 0.23 4.38 TB9 228.8 0.844 39.2 9.60 2.28 1 10 26.0 0.492 4.08 TB10 255.3 0.840 56.1 9.43 3.01 1 20 28.9 0.386 3.00 TB11 192.7 0.738 53.9 15.1 2.38 1 10 48.9 0.308 25.3 TB13 133.6 0.798 38.2 9.02 1.64 1 5 25.1 0.24 3.67 TB14 248.5 1.10 40.6 14.2 2.73 1 8 34.4 0.468 3.60 TB15 338.6 1.34 83.8 15.1 4.78 1 20 42.1 0.501 5.15 TB16 192.4 0.726 40.2 12.2 2.80 1 15 25.0 0.289 5.11 TB17 194.2 0.774 43.0 9.71 2.42 1 10 23.9 0.431 3.65 TB19 135.6 0.606 49.0 7.75 2.60 1 30 24.2 0.284 3.78 TB20 424.4 1.60 58.9 12.3 3.83 1 18 13.04 0.482 3.75 TB21 238.9 1.11 52.8 11.16 3.04 1 15 54.2 0.472 7.17 TB22 173.1 0.966 52.7 8.96 2.83 1 20 27.5 0.398 7.28 TB23 150.4 1.25 45.9 11.90 2.16 1 10 38.0 0.627 5.51 TB26 219.5 1.08 46.1 13.0 3.52 1 10 27.9 0.282 9.93 TB27 312.6 1.01 44.0 9.69 2.98 1 15 29.7 0.410 4.04 TB28 132.5 0.654 23.9 10.93 2.50 1 15 25.0 0.284 7.70 TB29 136.9 0.810 31.0 10.60 3.35 2 20 22.0 0.311 4.56 TB30 398.7 0.906 65.3 10.53 3.10 1 10 17.8 0.268 3.20 TB31 283.7 0.840 71.8 11.60 3.02 1 10 23.3 0.316 4.95 TB32 171.7 0.654 49.1 8.32 1.48 1 10 32.0 0.287 5.30 TB33 289.2 0.660 91.1 14.1 2.46 1 15 39.2 0.366 6.89 TC1 231.5 0.900 61.9 14.2 1.40 1 6 31.5 0.448 4.46 TC3 335.8 2.01 99.7 25.1 2.12 1 10 94.9 0.858 7.97 TC4 347.8 1.23 105.3 16.1 1.61 1 5 86.2 0.646 5.34 TC5 408.5 1.72 119.1 15.9 2.09 1 5 66.1 0.576 3.49 TC6 286.3 1.12 69.5 17.3 1.90 1 15 73.9 0.624 3.18 TC7 404.7 1.40 68.7 18.8 1.42 1 10 116.0 0.521 4.24 TC8 180.7 1.71 53.0 10.90 1.77 1 10 25.5 0.598 5.35 TC9 409.9 1.52 104.5 16.5 3.50 1 10 23.2 0.768 7.70 TC10 275.2 1.03 74.1 12.6 1.91 1 20 35.4 0.482 4.04 TC12 163.3 1.21 43.1 13.7 1.40 1 10 37.0 0.313 6.95 TC13 520.5 1.92 111.0 14.1 3.83 1 20 45.7 0.623 8.08 TC14 561.4 1.10 130.7 11.8 2.61 1 15 21.1 0.612 3.42 TC17 167.2 0.798 75.0 10.58 1.16 1 15 33.3 0.460 4.84 TC20 529.4 1.68 85.2 23.2 1.88 1 5 113.8 0.900 14.0 TC21 281.1 1.69 101.8 12.6 3.10 1 15 41.7 0.624 6.98 TC23 268.0 1.07 62.9 15.9 1.88 1 10 34.8 0.595 6.29 TC25 296.7 1.38 68.1 16.3 1.77 1 10 44.4 0.666 8.12 TC30 135.6 1.30 32.2 16.2 1.52 1 8 19.8 0.364 6.58 TC31 354.2 2.40 94.6 24.2 2.32 1 10 88.9 0.870 20.9 TC32 375.3 1.39 99.8 16.9 1.81 1 10 87.5 0.581 7.69 TC33 170.9 1.40 39.9 15.2 2.08 1 12 29.3 0.574 5.83 TC34 170.3 1.21 32.7 13.2 1.93 1 15 20.8 0.429 7.00 TG1 220.6 0.894 69.0 9.09 2.03 1 10 49.3 0.521 6.36

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag SteLe SteDi IntLe StiLe StiWi StiLoNu StiApAng MidPetLe MidPetDi DisPetLe TG2 263.4 1.04 49.6 10.84 2.70 1 15 57.6 0.598 5.88 TG4 374.1 0.894 83.1 10.40 2.34 1 20 9.74 0.386 4.51 TG5 333.8 1.28 83.0 13.3 1.93 1 10 90.3 0.436 4.10 TG6 240.0 0.966 64.2 7.80 1.80 1 5 49.1 0.460 3.30 TG7 179.1 0.906 61.9 10.02 2.28 1 10 37.2 0.453 14.3 TG8 152.0 0.798 65.1 6.99 1.50 1 10 12.5 0.463 4.88 TG9 361.1 0.912 79.7 11.76 2.79 1 20 56.6 0.455 7.13 TG10 199.9 1.42 69.0 8.78 2.50 2 10 29.9 0.477 3.81 TG11 226.4 0.888 70.6 10.92 1.73 1 10 63.7 0.487 9.92 TG13 292.0 1.11 63.2 7.50 1.91 1 20 21.7 0.489 4.68 TG15 260.5 0.834 69.0 8.40 1.81 1 10 25.2 0.277 4.02 TG16 107.2 0.720 27.1 5.17 1.43 1 20 9.60 0.528 4.21 TG17 290.0 0.654 69.0 6.38 1.89 1 15 47.1 0.547 4.59 TG18 293.8 2.15 87.1 10.80 2.51 1 15 42.4 0.574 4.76 TG20 153.4 1.18 31.6 7.71 1.70 2 10 35.6 0.390 4.22 TG21 175.7 1.14 21.3 10.44 2.00 1 10 40.0 0.533 5.48 TG22 184.8 0.786 60.6 9.80 1.30 1 10 15.5 0.362 4.97 TG23 218.0 0.726 64.2 9.41 0.696 1 10 48.5 0.340 4.24 TG24 177.7 1.41 37.1 8.06 2.13 1 20 26.9 0.410 3.75 TG25 318.4 1.50 60.2 10.67 2.30 1 15 49.1 0.528 13.0 TG26 196.6 0.876 72.8 11.19 1.47 1 5 34.9 0.549 4.84 TG27 251.7 1.23 47.2 14.3 2.55 1 10 52.5 0.487 8.60 TG28 233.9 0.684 50.2 7.38 1.63 1 15 19.1 0.337 6.76 TG29 169.9 2.30 47.4 13.5 2.58 2 10 55.1 0.900 9.00 TG31 181.3 0.708 32.0 10.94 1.38 1 5 47.2 0.554 8.91 TG32 243.0 0.714 40.6 13.0 1.37 1 8 59.7 0.321 9.24 TG33 148.0 0.660 34.2 11.9 1.63 1 5 23.3 0.366 4.31 TG36 195.6 1.03 50.8 8.63 1.44 1 20 29.5 0.504 5.08 TG38 364.0 1.13 93.0 8.07 2.33 2 20 48.1 0.480 4.92 TG40 172.4 0.840 34.1 10.52 2.22 1 10 36.9 0.489 5.82 TG42 138.5 1.02 28.7 8.19 1.70 1 20 37.0 0.441 17.1 TG43 111.7 1.02 34.1 10.91 1.64 1 10 45.1 0.415 4.42 TG44 69.3 0.612 17.4 6.57 0.954 1 15 23.7 0.287 4.77 TG45 140.2 0.846 23.3 7.18 1.82 1 15 5.27 0.369 3.68 TG48 121.5 0.828 24.2 8.41 1.38 1 10 14.7 0.265 6.49 TG49 245.0 1.21 55.8 11.19 1.72 1 10 40.7 0.557 5.71 TG50 189.3 0.990 64.5 8.36 1.42 1 10 30.1 0.415 3.38 TG52 85.1 0.786 24.4 6.35 1.63 1 10 10.20 0.311 3.22 TG53 230.3 1.58 63.0 13.5 2.13 1 15 70.0 0.643 4.89 TG54 100.3 1.20 25.9 8.72 1.97 1 10 10.50 0.434 3.73 TG55 210.0 0.900 52.0 7.53 1.80 1 20 12.5 0.407 3.61 TG59 198.9 1.19 49.2 9.18 1.83 2 10 54.6 0.460 5.46 TG60 247.5 1.08 44.0 10.30 1.70 1 10 40.3 0.429 9.40 TG61 153.5 0.533 68.1 11.15 1.29 1 10 41.2 0.313 12.1 TG67 284.2 1.64 46.6 12.8 2.51 1 12 87.3 0.639 7.70 TG69 247.2 1.20 58.9 9.48 2.49 1 25 17.2 0.378 3.41 TG70 101.3 0.894 28.6 7.91 1.73 1 20 13.43 0.328 3.27 TG72 159.7 1.27 30.4 6.72 1.3 1 30 15.09 0.559 6.01 TG73 95.6 0.972 23.7 9.00 1.21 1 10 43.0 0.460 11.28 TG75 95.2 0.666 32.2 7.56 1.32 1 15 23.5 0.24 7.66 TG76 211.1 1.23 39.8 13.2 1.81 1 10 27.1 0.388 7.48

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag SteLe SteDi IntLe StiLe StiWi StiLoNu StiApAng MidPetLe MidPetDi DisPetLe TG77 163.7 1.05 36.9 14.7 2.31 1 10 24.7 0.390 7.42 TG78 140.2 0.906 38.6 14.0 1.64 1 10 31.5 0.378 5.83 TO1 146.4 0.720 40.5 8.05 2.14 5 5 20.3 0.246 11.5 TO2 125.5 1.00 36.7 7.89 2.01 4 10 32.5 0.313 12.7 TO3 242.6 0.624 55.4 7.08 1.63 4 5 23.4 0.22 3.80 TO4 336.3 0.499 74.3 10.68 1.83 4 5 40.0 0.316 7.32 TO5 130.8 0.455 30.2 5.59 1.20 4 5 18.2 0.18 6.07 TO7 305.3 1.11 57.3 9.32 2.50 6 3 37.8 0.482 5.11 TO8 176.6 0.720 34.3 7.89 1.97 3 5 19.9 0.21 6.38 TO9 157.8 0.792 23.2 12.9 1.29 3 5 29.6 0.362 5.23 TO10 211.4 0.774 52.0 10.21 2.50 4 5 26.4 0.518 5.02 TO11 101.3 0.578 29.7 6.74 1.11 3 5 13.6 0.20 8.64 TO12 143.7 0.624 27.2 7.90 1.21 3 10 27.1 0.22 5.70 TO13 374.2 1.41 59.5 8.67 2.58 6 5 11.60 0.612 3.32 TO14 251.5 1.10 55.1 8.12 2.00 6 10 21.3 0.335 3.03 TO15 297.4 0.786 53.6 8.90 2.64 6 5 18.3 0.410 3.71 TO16 233.4 0.603 59.6 10.90 1.93 4 3 34.8 0.316 4.28 TO17 296.8 0.834 55.3 11.38 2.12 4 5 26.6 0.419 4.21 TO18 269.9 1.01 38.3 11.64 2.03 5 8 32.3 0.337 4.76 TO20 286.2 0.840 29.0 7.40 1.71 4 8 35.2 0.289 6.86 TO21 309.5 0.834 45.7 6.42 2.41 5 10 11.11 0.22 4.88 TO22 220.0 0.714 39.7 8.59 1.93 4 7 19.7 0.246 4.98 TO23 102.6 0.840 16.1 5.96 1.86 4 10 15.0 0.19 3.39 TO24 139.8 0.678 24.7 6.08 1.51 4 5 11.00 0.21 5.26 TO25 263.2 0.738 48.6 7.26 1.60 5 5 13.1 0.243 4.10 TO26 242.3 1.12 54.1 8.22 3.63 4 10 38.0 0.383 7.25 TO27 77.9 0.708 19.2 5.62 1.84 4 10 11.79 0.20 4.35 TO28 167.0 0.726 28.7 8.79 2.10 3 10 14.3 0.371 5.00 TO29 91.4 0.714 11.88 5.31 1.69 6 10 14.9 0.243 5.50 TO30 212.1 0.972 45.4 7.60 2.89 7 8 21.2 0.347 4.80 TO31 146.8 0.732 26.1 7.11 1.70 3 5 27.0 0.248 5.89 TO32 197.3 1.19 34.1 8.09 1.98 6 5 29.1 0.410 3.92 TO33 249.4 0.738 47.6 6.97 2.11 5 10 14.6 0.24 5.18 TO34 79.2 0.726 13.3 8.18 2.42 5 10 22.9 0.284 5.90 TO35 113.0 1.14 19.8 6.77 1.88 3 10 13.9 0.439 8.78 TO36 404.7 1.30 76.2 8.96 3.07 6 7 48.9 0.648 5.90 TO38 225.2 1.01 65.7 7.69 2.21 6 5 22.0 0.388 5.26 TO39 176.4 0.756 30.8 5.79 2.13 5 10 15.67 0.260 3.44 TO40 337.1 0.678 62.1 6.79 2.24 6 7 17.8 0.241 4.01 TO42 130.8 0.738 24.4 7.05 2.75 5 5 22.0 0.316 7.62 TO43 108.9 0.528 30.2 5.12 1.26 6 15 16.0 0.22 4.72 TO45 79.2 0.666 12.5 8.10 1.34 2 5 20.2 0.333 9.23 TO46 238.4 0.549 44.8 7.21 1.44 4 5 16.4 0.299 8.83 TO47 168.7 0.704 34.4 8.22 1.56 4 2 24.3 0.258 2.60 TO48 121.3 0.726 27.9 7.76 1.51 3 7 21.8 0.390 5.61 TO49 247.9 0.678 40.3 7.78 1.27 3 8 23.0 0.311 4.67 TO50 249.7 1.07 63.1 10.25 1.97 5 10 34.8 0.629 8.38 TO51 259.3 1.15 45.3 8.45 2.20 6 8 40.6 0.412 7.07 TO52 287.4 0.738 43.1 15.9 1.68 4 5 40.8 0.316 9.20 TO53 222.7 1.02 45.2 9.29 1.29 5 3 28.9 0.284 8.80 TO54 168.2 0.509 28.0 6.23 1.10 4 2 19.1 0.362 2.21

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag SteLe SteDi IntLe StiLe StiWi StiLoNu StiApAng MidPetLe MidPetDi DisPetLe TP1 363.8 2.00 66.6 27.7 3.02 1 3 42.3 0.684 36.2 TP3 213.6 1.49 27.3 17.1 1.61 1 5 32.8 0.603 7.20 TP4 89.2 1.05 17.1 12.1 1.39 1 10 22.1 0.313 3.35 TP6 128.4 1.12 33.0 9.51 2.03 1 5 8.69 0.361 3.06 TP7 188.1 1.58 37.9 15.2 1.33 1 5 19.9 0.455 2.61 TP8 117.9 1.02 15.3 13.3 1.26 1 5 11.09 0.313 4.02 TP9 143.8 1.09 38.0 10.42 1.29 1 5 13.1 0.21 3.47 TP10 280.9 2.23 44.4 13.4 2.41 1 15 39.3 0.624 3.48 TP12 243.8 1.96 33.2 15.7 2.21 1 10 34.7 0.678 8.40 TP14 289.3 1.49 66.5 17.2 2.18 1 5 40.9 0.506 5.30 TP15 180.5 1.14 48.2 15.0 2.18 1 5 21.5 0.458 3.17 TP16 306.4 2.70 35.9 18.0 2.49 1 7 20.4 0.424 3.40 TP17 316.6 2.07 54.1 28.3 1.50 1 2 62.0 0.714 9.48 TP18 225.8 1.68 27.5 28.8 2.10 1 3 38.1 0.607 4.07 TP20 278.4 1.40 35.5 19.1 1.05 1 5 33.7 0.335 4.35 TP22 167.1 1.31 28.1 22.2 1.39 1 3 44.2 0.390 5.50 TP23 166.6 0.900 40.6 14.0 1.19 1 5 35.1 0.321 5.58 TP25 314.3 1.59 47.0 16.3 1.02 1 2 31.3 0.383 2.37 TP26 136.2 1.29 17.0 18.1 1.43 1 3 44.4 0.648 2.72 TP27 229.1 1.62 37.5 23.0 1.88 3 4 34.4 0.562 2.91 TP28 368.5 2.09 38.5 22.2 2.49 4 10 33.7 0.549 8.02 TP29 383.2 1.11 58.8 16.1 1.96 1 10 49.9 0.690 4.25 TP30 176.9 1.82 37.1 17.8 1.69 1 5 29.3 0.504 4.67 TP31 389.7 2.00 51.8 15.3 1.87 1 10 24.3 0.455 3.27 TP32 118.6 1.33 28.0 18.3 1.99 1 8 23.3 0.482 4.52 TP33 98.8 0.864 15.2 10.93 0.834 1 5 18.7 0.410 3.40 TP34 121.3 1.02 19.9 10.78 0.792 1 3 22.3 0.369 4.20 TP35 308.2 1.54 58.5 15.3 1.79 1 10 43.6 0.439 2.82 TP37 264.6 1.22 49.2 25.7 1.32 1 3 53.1 0.581 28.1 TP38 248.7 1.58 42.7 16.9 2.11 1 3 33.8 0.631 6.74 TP40 495.2 2.89 73.1 18.3 1.96 1 5 33.0 0.530 7.60 TP41 84.3 1.41 9.78 14.6 2.06 4 8 26.5 0.506 6.95 TP42 132.8 1.29 32.0 14.4 1.06 1 5 28.2 0.364 8.49 TP43 234.7 1.49 36.4 24.2 1.56 1 2 29.3 0.562 3.62 TP44 414.2 2.09 44.4 32.5 2.36 1 3 58.1 0.666 7.80 TP45 315.5 2.61 67.0 33.1 1.79 1 3 73.9 0.552 16.2

Appendix 3 continued. DisPe MidLfl DisLfl MidLfl DisLflM MidTerL MidTerL MidLflIn DisTerL DisTerL Tag tDi BA BA MuLe uLe flLe flWi dent flLe flWi TB1 0.366 20 15 0.12 0.20 15.5 4.62 0.463 12.9 3.20 TB2 0.253 40 25 0.12 0.055 11.33 5.00 0.786 12.2 4.38 TB3 0.299 25 20 0.13 0.19 15.0 4.30 3.34 15.9 2.96 TB5 0.241 40 25 0.080 0.12 11.70 4.70 0.458 12.9 3.98 TB6 0.21 30 23 0.067 0.055 8.07 2.95 0.554 6.63 1.68 TB8 0.270 60 35 0.048 0.13 8.06 5.24 0.780 9.01 3.17 TB9 0.359 55 30 0.10 0.14 14.2 5.90 0.622 10.09 3.63 TB10 0.311 45 30 0.22 0.16 9.22 4.46 0.901 10.04 2.66 TB11 0.407 25 30 0.048 0.12 11.2 6.02 4.05 16.8 4.55 TB13 0.241 50 20 0.089 0.10 7.10 4.03 1.23 9.44 2.47 TB14 0.426 55 30 0.048 0.24 10.92 6.51 0.844 11.8 3.16 TB15 0.455 45 20 0.12 0.19 21.4 7.24 1.01 14.4 3.36 TB16 0.357 50 20 0.055 0.072 9.05 4.71 0.484 10.82 2.70 TB17 0.333 25 25 0.034 0.02 13.3 4.81 0.530 11.38 3.65 TB19 0.23 35 20 0.11 0.15 11.73 3.00 1.70 11.02 2.61 TB20 0.287 20 35 0.060 0.070 18.1 5.69 0.714 11.18 3.64 TB21 0.316 60 30 0.11 0.15 11.31 6.40 1.04 11.62 3.68 TB22 0.362 50 35 0.092 0.096 9.50 5.40 0.948 9.42 3.47 TB23 0.441 60 30 0.051 0.070 9.55 6.42 0.798 9.78 3.30 TB26 0.345 40 30 0.043 0.13 15.9 6.63 0.530 18.3 4.78 TB27 0.431 50 30 0.099 0.055 14.2 5.52 0.654 10.71 3.80 TB28 0.292 60 30 0.72 0.16 6.41 4.49 0.482 8.69 3.03 TB29 0.308 45 20 0.084 0.11 7.08 3.79 0.407 13.4 2.99 TB30 0.333 35 20 0.12 0.092 9.68 4.14 0.574 10.07 2.94 TB31 0.311 15 20 0.17 0.19 15.9 4.31 1.99 15.0 3.41 TB32 0.289 15 10 0.041 0.051 8.68 3.42 3.01 9.72 2.00 TB33 0.255 15 10 0.15 0.24 15.7 4.52 1.48 19.7 2.54 TC1 0.431 45 30 0.036 0.24 10.92 5.30 0.386 9.04 2.70 TC3 0.578 70 20 0.077 0.17 28.7 10.78 0 21.1 5.99 TC4 0.554 70 40 0.070 0.268 17.3 11.01 0.17 17.1 5.41 TC5 0.455 80 45 0.21 0.28 13.2 7.72 0.14 10.03 4.24 TC6 0.804 80 45 0.058 0.24 15.4 9.31 0.59 11.25 3.69 TC7 0.666 50 25 0.02 0.16 15.7 9.40 0.542 11.80 3.70 TC8 0.774 45 35 0.12 0.20 15.1 5.11 0 9.48 2.94 TC9 0.624 75 45 0.255 0.22 25.5 10.49 0 19.5 8.56 TC10 0.672 60 50 0.051 0.20 11.71 6.62 0 7.81 3.43 TC12 0.598 45 35 0.053 0.20 8.99 4.75 0.270 11.98 4.02 TC13 0.465 75 60 0.14 0.14 15.1 6.31 0 12.1 5.10 TC14 0.487 60 30 0.077 0.323 20.0 7.30 0 12.8 4.43 TC17 0.554 60 45 0.084 0.13 11.30 7.31 0.388 11.67 4.86 TC20 0.846 45 55 0.077 0.17 30.1 13.02 0 30.7 11.08 TC21 0.523 65 50 0.094 0.246 16.8 9.02 0.15 15.8 6.09 TC23 0.566 75 55 0.094 0.18 15.9 9.90 0.275 17.2 6.22 TC25 0.702 50 45 0.16 0.17 21.5 9.22 0 21.9 8.77 TC30 0.455 40 30 0.282 0.23 9.39 4.17 0.12 10.37 3.70 TC31 0.732 40 40 0.099 0.241 25.1 10.62 0 26.4 9.02 TC32 0.606 45 30 0.055 0.313 22.0 10.44 0 25.0 8.38 TC33 0.557 40 35 0.11 0.20 11.77 5.06 0 16.0 4.44 TC34 0.499 50 35 0.19 0.455 8.17 4.73 0 11.06 3.97 TG1 0.470 90 65 0.036 0.18 11.7 10.14 0.672 13.8 7.61

Appendix 3 continued. DisPe MidLfl DisLfl MidLfl DisLflM MidTerL MidTerL MidLflIn DisTerL DisTerL Tag tDi BA BA MuLe uLe flLe flWi dent flLe flWi TG2 0.533 70 70 0 0.14 11.1 8.87 1.26 11.1 6.06 TG4 0.906 60 60 0.072 0.22 12.3 8.23 0.549 11.8 6.36 TG5 0.586 60 50 0 0.087 11.6 9.77 0.846 10.63 6.80 TG6 0.415 60 35 0.087 0.17 11.4 8.84 0.726 7.37 3.61 TG7 0.535 90 75 0.094 0.12 8.32 7.95 0.745 9.04 6.28 TG8 0.552 60 45 0.058 0.15 7.47 6.24 0.484 8.03 4.80 TG9 0.666 60 45 0.12 0.15 14.5 8.32 0.651 16.1 7.28 TG10 0.699 45 40 0 0.14 8.9 6.00 1.00 8.40 4.31 TG11 0.386 55 50 0.092 0.16 14.3 9.62 1.61 18.0 10.23 TG13 0.439 45 30 0.051 0.15 12.8 7.30 1.16 10.48 4.87 TG15 0.480 50 30 0.080 0.24 7.52 5.00 0.576 9.00 3.74 TG16 0.383 50 30 0.048 0.13 5.69 4.12 0.349 5.39 3.61 TG17 0.504 53 40 0.053 0.15 10.99 6.56 0.581 8.73 5.10 TG18 0.726 60 40 0.039 0.14 10.12 7.97 0.393 9.85 4.78 TG20 0.248 60 35 0.099 0.287 8.67 5.46 0.882 6.19 2.64 TG21 0.268 60 30 0.12 0.19 10.69 6.90 1.21 7.70 3.12 TG22 0.308 50 40 0.13 0.12 7.86 4.90 0.431 8.07 4.11 TG23 0.509 50 40 0.070 0.20 8.66 6.70 0.840 9.33 4.96 TG24 0.506 60 45 0.031 0.070 10.1 6.78 1.02 9.46 4.80 TG25 0.639 40 50 0.046 0.077 13.1 7.09 0.388 14.2 8.58 TG26 0.581 60 40 0.029 0.12 10.32 7.05 0.888 11.37 4.78 TG27 0.768 60 50 0.034 0.12 15.2 13.56 0.648 15.6 10.30 TG28 0.270 45 40 0.17 0.10 8.36 4.28 0.410 6.24 3.30 TG29 0.666 60 48 0.060 0.16 16.8 13.2 1.20 14.0 7.00 TG31 0.477 55 45 0.070 0.094 10.4 7.69 0.720 11.18 6.39 TG32 0.335 60 38 0.096 0.16 8.56 6.36 0.828 12.4 5.40 TG33 0.337 40 40 0.19 0.15 9.52 5.40 0.769 8.82 4.22 TG36 0.431 60 50 0.075 0.080 7.69 6.40 0.400 6.23 3.83 TG38 0.675 65 48 0.053 0.12 8.29 6.61 0.410 14.0 7.95 TG40 0.499 60 45 0.051 0.11 6.98 5.41 0.588 8.47 4.48 TG42 0.311 60 50 0.077 0.092 9.49 6.68 0.099 8.23 5.43 TG43 0.296 60 40 0.096 0.17 11.39 7.83 0.732 8.83 3.81 TG44 0.451 40 45 0.070 0.15 5.01 4.06 0.600 6.43 4.28 TG45 0.482 55 40 0.14 0.15 6.22 4.11 0.484 6.33 2.18 TG48 0.362 50 45 0.029 0.087 6.33 4.18 0.960 5.88 3.56 TG49 0.634 80 50 0.075 0.12 10.31 9.20 0.427 12.1 7.12 TG50 0.335 40 30 0.075 0.16 8.69 6.69 0.912 8.30 3.70 TG52 0.342 55 30 0.14 0.13 4.98 3.89 0.482 5.55 2.33 TG53 0.489 60 50 0.15 0.14 11.8 10.92 1.37 10.58 7.72 TG54 0.484 90 30 0.094 0.15 6.61 6.02 0.562 6.51 3.28 TG55 0.468 50 40 0.065 0.099 6.28 3.77 0.357 6.51 3.48 TG59 0.482 70 35 0.048 0.14 10.1 8.79 1.44 8.90 4.82 TG60 0.364 50 35 0.084 0.12 10.3 6.62 0.834 9.06 4.58 TG61 0.431 60 40 0.065 0.16 8.7 6.26 0.528 10.9 6.10 TG67 0.666 75 45 0.092 0.21 18.1 13.38 0.431 15.8 8.08 TG69 0.429 30 40 0 0.053 7.32 4.02 0.386 6.40 3.26 TG70 0.24 40 40 0 0.096 4.26 2.88 0.349 5.63 3.59 TG72 0.366 60 40 0.22 0.21 10.10 5.66 0.337 8.70 4.75 TG73 0.463 90 55 0.075 0.19 9.3 8.46 1.06 8.62 5.07 TG75 0.284 50 35 0.096 0.10 6.48 4.49 0.480 7.80 3.62

Appendix 3 continued. DisPe MidLfl DisLfl MidLfl DisLflM MidTerL MidTerL MidLflIn DisTerL DisTerL Tag tDi BA BA MuLe uLe flLe flWi dent flLe flWi TG76 0.359 45 50 0.15 0.22 8.49 5.04 1.31 10.50 5.76 TG77 0.523 50 55 0.12 0.16 8.83 6.31 0.846 12.6 7.77 TG78 0.436 60 55 0.77 0.20 8.04 6.58 1.44 10.02 6.06 TO1 0.241 15 25 0.20 0.22 15.3 1.53 0 17.2 2.31 TO2 0.308 30 25 0.14 0.243 10.30 2.41 0 12.5 2.03 TO3 0.22 10 15 0.15 0.20 14.8 0.624 0 9.55 1.13 TO4 0.23 25 20 0.099 0.15 13.9 3.31 0 14.9 1.71 TO5 0.19 30 20 0.065 0.19 10.22 1.10 0.357 11.29 1.29 TO7 0.566 45 40 0.072 0.287 18.7 6.30 0 15.1 3.87 TO8 0.265 20 40 0.15 0.243 13.8 0.828 0 15.4 2.34 TO9 0.482 10 10 0.14 0.270 17.4 1.25 0 20.4 1.50 TO10 0.381 25 20 0.316 0.294 14.5 4.11 0.453 11.60 3.26 TO11 0.24 20 20 0.046 0.18 9.42 1.51 0.14 9.46 1.40 TO12 0.22 30 25 0.072 0.21 8.48 2.47 0 7.18 1.28 TO13 0.436 20 20 0.383 0.427 18.1 2.92 0 15.8 2.38 TO14 0.246 21 20 0.251 0.484 12.00 2.49 0 10.92 1.38 TO15 0.263 30 15 0.335 0.308 15.1 5.29 0.482 11.69 2.44 TO16 0.313 40 25 0.14 0.248 15.2 2.60 0 12.7 2.26 TO17 0.265 40 20 0.058 0.24 10.63 4.18 0.19 10.21 2.74 TO18 0.22 15 20 0.345 0.22 15.6 1.76 0 11.54 1.58 TO20 0.21 20 30 0.043 0.22 19.6 1.74 0 13.76 2.83 TO21 0.263 15 15 0.14 0.270 6.10 2.01 0.557 13.9 2.06 TO22 0.246 35 20 0.15 0.304 11.60 2.86 0.24 11.88 1.88 TO23 0.22 10 9 0.19 0.342 10.89 0.840 0 8.70 0.948 TO24 0.265 30 20 0.20 0.284 7.38 2.42 0 8.01 2.30 TO25 0.272 28 30 0.248 0.263 11.48 2.68 0 10.46 2.30 TO26 0.289 40 15 0.20 0.263 15.2 3.36 0 13.3 2.56 TO27 0.19 25 30 0.046 0.16 6.26 3.10 0 6.60 2.07 TO28 0.340 20 20 0.20 0.284 11.10 2.59 0 10.40 2.02 TO29 0.241 30 30 0.18 0.11 8.06 2.51 0 7.20 1.90 TO30 0.275 20 20 0.21 0.22 15.1 2.86 0 10.50 1.72 TO31 0.17 20 20 0.17 0.417 9.81 2.23 0 9.71 1.92 TO32 0.284 25 20 0.19 0.292 15.1 2.84 0 11.03 1.38 TO33 0.19 25 20 0.246 0.328 12.1 3.50 0 14.8 2.09 TO34 0.21 40 15 0.029 0.287 8.64 3.79 0.19 7.49 1.82 TO35 0.263 40 20 0.20 0.15 10.59 3.11 0 10.30 1.93 TO36 0.284 35 15 0.241 0.354 19.9 3.91 0 18.6 2.50 TO38 0.24 30 25 0.17 0.272 8.20 2.83 0.14 8.37 2.00 TO39 0.17 30 25 0.17 0.19 8.20 2.20 0 5.64 1.70 TO40 0.24 30 30 0.246 0.398 13.6 2.42 0 10.40 2.27 TO42 0.284 30 30 0.12 0.255 11.70 3.42 0.451 9.31 2.85 TO43 0.23 10 20 0.053 0.17 9.34 0.960 0 8.60 1.40 TO45 0.364 30 25 0.075 0.15 6.96 2.46 0 8.75 1.61 TO46 0.272 20 25 0.18 0.21 17.3 2.20 0 15.7 2.11 TO47 0.255 20 15 0.294 0.287 20.6 1.39 0 11.70 1.59 TO48 0.439 10 25 0.241 0.287 14.75 1.01 0 14.4 1.58 TO49 0.19 15 10 0.335 0.340 21.08 0.768 0 16.7 0.888 TO50 0.410 35 30 0.058 0.241 16.3 4.01 0 17.7 4.47 TO51 0.24 10 10 0.077 0.14 27.1 1.09 0 17.3 1.09 TO52 0.362 25 20 0.12 0.19 21.8 1.50 0 21.1 2.40

Appendix 3 continued. DisPe MidLfl DisLfl MidLfl DisLflM MidTerL MidTerL MidLflIn DisTerL DisTerL Tag tDi BA BA MuLe uLe flLe flWi dent flLe flWi TO53 0.263 30 30 0.311 0.284 9.60 3.20 0.451 9.70 2.99 TO54 0.292 10 10 0.067 0.17 12.6 0.714 0 8.08 0.61 TP1 0.618 40 30 0.470 0.383 35.6 5.76 0 37.9 5.53 TP3 0.354 35 30 0.094 0.275 18.1 5.28 0 16.3 3.68 TP4 0.354 35 30 0.13 0.053 10.42 4.50 0 8.89 2.82 TP6 0.349 30 25 0.20 0.22 14.2 3.80 0 8.92 2.34 TP7 0.537 30 20 0.333 0.704 18.0 2.80 0 11.99 2.52 TP8 0.277 35 20 0.287 0.024 8.62 2.36 0 6.69 1.74 TP9 0.434 30 45 0.17 0.19 10.17 3.09 0 11.20 3.87 TP10 0.436 50 30 0.10 0.19 18.3 7.97 0 11.29 3.51 TP12 0.648 35 40 0.535 0.12 29.3 7.93 0 28.9 7.68 TP14 0.714 30 25 0.265 0.458 17.7 4.94 0 18.6 4.07 TP15 0.468 35 30 0.468 0.448 18.5 3.99 0 14.2 3.19 TP16 0.732 30 20 0.246 0.388 18.6 3.88 0 14.8 2.97 TP17 0.654 40 30 0.19 0.434 35.8 7.23 0 38.2 7.43 TP18 0.463 40 60 0.388 0.20 28.8 8.20 0 21.0 6.18 TP20 0.708 20 25 0.265 0.530 23.6 3.26 0 23.1 3.00 TP22 0.578 20 22 0.14 0.14 22.6 3.88 0 20.4 3.50 TP23 0.643 25 40 0.18 0.20 15.0 2.40 0 15.4 3.54 TP25 0.578 35 25 0.374 0.393 19.3 3.07 0 14.1 2.79 TP26 0.564 40 25 0.12 0.060 26.8 4.30 0 18.6 3.50 TP27 0.383 40 25 0.080 0.282 30.9 5.94 0 14.6 2.46 TP28 0.263 50 30 0.342 0.388 25.3 7.25 0 18.4 3.80 TP29 0.732 40 30 0.075 0.080 27.2 5.63 0 24.7 4.37 TP30 0.627 35 50 0.258 0.20 18.8 7.23 0 16.1 6.52 TP31 0.458 60 35 0.17 0.20 17.13 3.98 0 16.4 3.79 TP32 0.390 40 35 0.18 0.272 16.3 5.29 0 16.5 3.76 TP33 0.533 20 40 0.15 0.18 12.1 2.14 0 16.0 3.22 TP34 0.436 40 30 0.17 0.20 11.00 3.69 0 11.93 2.68 TP35 0.509 60 40 0.17 0.330 21.9 9.12 0 18.0 5.50 TP37 0.583 40 35 0.354 0.390 28.6 6.51 0 24.2 5.84 TP38 0.624 40 40 0.284 0.289 21.1 5.84 0 20.1 4.66 TP40 0.672 30 50 0.17 0.19 30.0 7.68 0 33.9 7.92 TP41 0.458 60 55 0.17 0.072 12.1 6.44 0 13.7 6.18 TP42 0.366 25 20 0.284 0.583 17.7 3.81 0 20.2 3.49 TP43 0.436 25 20 0.453 0.415 26.9 4.41 0 14.1 3.20 TP44 0.708 20 20 0.509 0.528 40.3 4.90 0 36.1 3.95 TP45 0.528 40 35 0.316 0.419 26.1 7.91 0 32.6 8.02

Appendix 3 continued. DisLflIn MidPeti MidPeti DisPeti DisPeti InflL InflW Ra Flowe Whorl Pedu Tag dent Le Di Le Di e i Le rNo No Le TB1 0.308 0.651 0.294 0.243 0.241 9.2 11.2 3.74 29 5 43.5 TB2 0.840 0.605 0.255 0.653 0.24 7.01 6.92 3.77 4 1 41.0 TB3 1.55 0.458 0.263 0.453 0.23 6.23 10.76 1.41 16 3 68.5 TB5 0.313 0.634 0.243 0.482 0.22 7.32 10.00 1.08 13 2 55.5 TB6 0.22 0.366 0.270 0.455 0.15 7.6 13.3 4.11 23 4 41.0 TB8 0.424 0.21 0.17 0.20 0.22 5.68 8.51 2.23 5 1 41.0 TB9 0.525 0.407 0.248 0.588 0.260 6.7 10.0 1.63 22 4 39.9 TB10 0.562 0.653 0.311 0.619 0.311 7.09 11.29 1.23 10 2 56.6 TB11 1.75 0.410 0.412 0.499 0.313 6.71 8.83 1.46 12 2 57.0 TB13 0.574 0.386 0.14 0.407 0.18 6.1 5.92 2.81 4 1 40.0 TB14 0.415 0.482 0.352 0.562 0.22 9.5 13.1 0.453 21 3 36.9 TB15 0.55 0.780 0.318 0.569 0.268 8.49 11.91 1.18 19 3 88.6 TB16 0.484 0.506 0.20 0.405 0.284 7.46 10.9 0.552 16 3 56.7 TB17 0.499 0.477 0.220 0.530 0.21 8.48 10.90 1.11 18 3 35.7 TB19 0.894 0.359 0.22 0.407 0.20 6.88 9.19 2.57 6 2 30.0 TB20 0.574 0.593 0.316 0.521 0.22 8.69 11.76 1.02 24 4 61.1 TB21 0.364 0.434 0.246 0.453 0.22 7.25 9.73 0.37 12 3 60.2 TB22 0.501 0.364 0.24 0.504 0.22 5.74 8.00 0.410 11 3 33.6 TB23 0.523 0.263 0.20 0.22 0.268 7.77 7.95 0.844 11 3 36.4 TB26 0.492 0.612 0.337 0.660 0.248 7.46 9.02 2.09 13 2 50.8 TB27 0.333 0.557 0.268 0.388 0.22 8.30 10.42 3.40 22 4 46.1 TB28 0.624 0.308 0.321 0.436 0.22 7.69 10.19 0.757 9 2 31.0 TB29 0.243 0.537 0.23 0.463 0.321 7.1 6.29 5.59 9 2 46.1 TB30 0.552 0.528 0.24 0.316 0.17 7.46 11.64 0.672 18 4 46.0 TB31 0.924 0.422 0.22 0.528 0.23 7.78 8.48 0.744 12 2 50.2 TB32 1.48 0.272 0.20 0.366 0.20 6.09 6.40 1.67 5 1 38.8 TB33 0.732 0.313 0.246 0.362 0.20 6.92 10.37 0.738 16 3 73.0 TC1 0 0.308 0.21 0.607 0.18 11.3 13.0 11.23 22 4 112.1 TC3 0 0.834 0.378 1.26 0.246 13.1 13.8 2.70 28 5 77.5 TC4 0 0.783 0.388 0.894 0.313 15.6 13.9 9.29 30 4 79.0 TC5 0 0.484 0.342 0.455 0.337 12.0 17.8 0.607 27 4 74.1 TC6 0 0.769 0.22 0.458 0.429 12.5 12.00 1.51 21 4 53.2 TC7 0 0.410 0.359 0.388 0.263 10.81 10.5 6.50 20 3 73.8 TC8 0 0.482 0.268 0.732 0.230 9.93 16.2 2.20 17 3 42.1 TC9 0 0.768 0.468 0.393 0.352 13.9 11.49 6.02 25 5 91.0 TC10 0 0.359 0.386 0.482 0.268 11.1 18.7 6.26 17 3 79.6 TC12 0 0.364 0.265 0.605 0.318 11.02 9.84 2.90 11 3 21.0 TC13 0 0.554 0.272 0.477 0.289 13.1 17.7 5.39 27 5 116.6 TC14 0 0.648 0.333 0.516 0.263 11.7 13.2 7.36 25 4 133.4 TC17 0 0.528 0.292 0.725 0.241 10.57 10.89 2.01 13 3 40.3 TC20 0 0.552 0.576 0.764 0.465 12.2 12.1 1.21 32 4 37.9 TC21 0 0.427 0.393 0.562 0.311 12.9 17.9 8.38 23 4 83.1 TC23 0 0.627 0.431 0.627 0.263 10.41 12.9 4.87 20 3 41.6 TC25 0 0.516 0.333 0.718 0.311 13.8 15.1 0.506 33 5 54.2 TC30 0 0.513 0.22 0.308 0.268 10.1 13.8 4.48 14 3 57.3 TC31 0 0.780 0.482 0.720 0.364 13.4 12.9 1.13 27 4 83.7 TC32 0 0.484 0.366 0.562 0.407 12.2 14.3 3.51 24 4 68.8 TC33 0 0.455 0.354 0.506 0.364 13.0 13.0 3.38 25 4 50.0 TC34 0 0.20 0.263 0.415 0.22 13.2 15.9 7.11 23 4 27.1 TG1 0.25 0.422 0.19 0.533 0.282 8.19 13.2 3.81 10 2 42.9

Appendix 3 continued. DisLflIn MidPeti MidPeti DisPeti DisPeti InflL InflW Ra Flowe Whorl Pedu Tag dent Le Di Le Di e i Le rNo No Le TG2 1.03 0.742 0.318 0.347 0.241 9.99 12.8 1.01 10 3 44.4 TG4 0.528 0.482 0.345 0.535 0.547 9.8 12.1 1.23 20 3 54.5 TG5 0 0.381 0.265 0.364 0.366 10.05 13.7 0.603 13 3 29.6 TG6 0.477 0.463 0.371 0.265 0.253 12.8 16.2 1.19 19 3 40.9 TG7 0.381 0.675 0.362 0.528 0.337 7.62 7.62 5.61 11 2 23.0 TG8 0.504 0.362 0.388 0.436 0.263 8.98 9.30 4.71 8 2 36.5 TG9 0.352 0.593 0.294 0.482 0.335 10.90 15.4 0.870 31 3 68.0 TG10 0.434 0.265 0.308 0.340 0.364 10.40 14.7 1.33 14 3 43.0 TG11 0.858 0.600 0.325 0.870 0.313 7.42 7.46 5.00 9 2 47.4 TG13 0.834 0.629 0.333 0.395 0.246 8.39 12.7 2.35 23 3 36.6 TG15 0.383 0.509 0.263 0.583 0.24 8.45 14.9 4.62 17 3 45.3 TG16 0.308 0.22 0.306 0.463 0.268 7.14 8.41 0.852 7 2 16.0 TG17 0.412 0.434 0.289 0.292 0.388 8.91 13.6 0.900 16 3 58.4 TG18 0 0.598 0.506 0.265 0.243 10.05 13.8 6.69 12 2 60.2 TG20 0.287 0.465 0.337 0.357 0.20 7.59 7.72 0.834 12 3 16.8 TG21 0.21 0.308 0.330 0.581 0.20 8.6 11.83 4.12 17 3 23.3 TG22 0.287 0.347 0.378 0.472 0.20 8.24 9.20 3.16 12 3 33.6 TG23 0.422 0.627 0.265 0.610 0.270 9.09 11.03 4.72 11 2 30.4 TG24 0.629 0.581 0.272 0.528 0.313 7.3 10.32 0.735 12 4 6.30 TG25 0.605 0.499 0.280 0.656 0.248 8.42 8.92 2.71 14 2 38.8 TG26 0.511 0.381 0.340 0.405 0.284 9.73 14.2 1.08 10 3 47.0 TG27 0.460 0.840 0.482 0.822 0.381 10.87 10.40 2.03 12 3 47.5 TG28 0.318 0.345 0.313 0.337 0.21 8.20 11.26 1.88 15 2 32.1 TG29 0.460 0.846 0.465 0.815 0.494 14.1 17.2 2.49 18 3 70.9 TG31 0.410 0.504 0.284 0.492 0.313 8.55 13.0 1.83 20 3 25.3 TG32 0.501 0.357 0.241 0.646 0.289 9.33 7.52 0.600 17 4 35.1 TG33 0.362 0.607 0.318 0.400 0.18 7.18 10.71 2.28 21 3 17.3 TG36 0.287 0.395 0.342 0.436 0.241 6.88 13.0 1.32 9 2 28.6 TG38 0.311 0.496 0.263 0.942 0.311 8.59 13.8 0.388 12 3 62.0 TG40 0.268 0.566 0.265 0.436 0.251 8.18 13.6 0.362 12 3 27.7 TG42 0.415 0.506 0.246 0.819 0.21 5.39 5.39 1.58 13 3 6.43 TG43 0.311 0.721 0.395 0.251 0.20 8.51 11.7 1.22 17 4 8.68 TG44 0.702 0.422 0.20 0.21 0.243 6.22 10.00 1.99 8 2 24.1 TG45 0 0.318 0.241 0.415 0.22 8.37 12.2 6.61 10 2 35.3 TG48 0.429 0.378 0.22 0.284 0.263 8.70 12.3 2.53 17 3 20.3 TG49 0.251 0.728 0.241 0.436 0.289 8.95 12.9 3.60 13 2 25.2 TG50 0.530 0.607 0.23 0.316 0.21 7.50 10.03 1.40 18 4 8.70 TG52 0.439 0.369 0.243 0.294 0.246 6.5 11.31 2.43 14 3 17.3 TG53 0.780 0.706 0.335 0.518 0.268 9.6 15.2 6.97 17 3 16.1 TG54 0.506 0.436 0.386 0.434 0.284 6.26 11.69 0.600 11 3 9.24 TG55 0.096 0.284 0.241 0.311 0.333 9.11 13.7 2.45 10 2 36.4 TG59 0.654 0.506 0.23 0.429 0.24 9.69 8.32 6.31 11 2 37.4 TG60 0.533 0.388 0.419 0.439 0.23 8.6 11.49 0.846 21 4 28.0 TG61 0.726 0.23 0.265 0.280 0.22 8.6 8.9 0.966 10 3 44.2 TG67 0.337 0.398 0.484 0.933 0.383 11.54 15.6 1.02 17 3 39.7 TG69 0.248 0.374 0.246 0.364 0.24 8.31 10.98 8.19 13 3 35.0 TG70 0.415 0.335 0.376 0.407 0.16 8.00 9.38 0.463 8 2 25.9 TG72 0.506 0.318 0.248 0.552 0.289 9.3 12.8 4.70 16 3 22.9 TG73 0.246 0.583 0.330 0.410 0.263 8.38 13.7 0.12 6 2 40.9 TG75 0.619 0.318 0.21 0.388 0.21 9.35 11.02 4.85 13 3 28.2

Appendix 3 continued. DisLflIn MidPeti MidPeti DisPeti DisPeti InflL InflW Ra Flowe Whorl Pedu Tag dent Le Di Le Di e i Le rNo No Le TG76 0.816 0.311 0.248 0.484 0.284 9.79 13.6 4.38 15 3 42.3 TG77 0.936 0.265 0.366 0.484 0.366 9.8 11.20 4.15 24 4 24.1 TG78 0.786 0.374 0.260 0.410 0.284 9.1 11.95 2.24 16 3 34.7 TO1 0 0.405 0.17 0.412 0.22 7.82 7.22 0 6 2 55.4 TO2 0 0.316 0.220 0.335 0.19 8.01 6.60 0 6 2 52.2 TO3 0 0.446 0.19 0.366 0.16 7.29 7.10 0 7 2 55.3 TO4 0 0.455 0.17 0.369 0.17 7.79 7.04 0.058 10 2 94.1 TO5 0 0.289 0.14 0.318 0.17 6.50 9.19 0 3 1 27.0 TO7 0 0.482 0.371 0.301 0.292 6.53 7.64 0 8 2 31.6 TO8 0 0.311 0.16 0.569 0.18 7.52 7.68 0 7 2 34.9 TO9 0 0.333 0.22 0.578 0.272 8.4 6.54 0 8 2 50.9 TO10 0 0.489 0.330 0.304 0.284 7.81 9.79 0 8 2 49.5 TO11 0 0.21 0.16 0.318 0.15 6.93 2.98 0 4 1 21.1 TO12 0 0.313 0.19 0.311 0.19 6.78 4.03 0 4 1 46.7 TO13 0 0.357 0.268 0.277 0.20 8.00 9.81 0.241 10 2 47.0 TO14 0 0.23 0.17 0.287 0.14 6.88 6.18 0 8 2 30.2 TO15 0 0.441 0.289 0.489 0.19 7.89 13.2 0.19 10 2 62.9 TO16 0.248 0.448 0.265 0.275 0.19 7.20 4.32 0 6 2 46.1 TO17 0 0.340 0.294 0.460 0.19 8.26 8.92 0 12 3 58.2 TO18 0 0.429 0.21 0.325 0.20 9.60 9.53 0.15 11 2 53.2 TO20 0 0.345 0.20 0.441 0.15 7.39 6.91 0 9 2 64.8 TO21 0.099 0.265 0.19 0.383 0.21 7.03 10.12 0 14 2 47.2 TO22 0.24 0.345 0.21 0.603 0.16 7.50 9.79 0 10 2 54.0 TO23 0 0.22 0.13 0.15 0.16 6.68 8.32 0 6 2 23.0 TO24 0 0.243 0.17 0.342 0.239 7.44 4.20 0 4 1 31.6 TO25 0 0.376 0.17 0.258 0.284 7.43 9.40 0 8 2 50.4 TO26 0 0.362 0.24 0.362 0.21 10.10 11.67 0 10 3 62.2 TO27 0.17 0.357 0.20 0.268 0.429 7.09 8.22 0 3 1 35.1 TO28 0 0.340 0.280 0.316 0.284 6.05 9.18 0 6 2 29.4 TO29 0 0.15 0.20 0.080 0.15 8.13 4.62 0 4 1 48.4 TO30 0 0.347 0.19 0.22 0.17 7.50 12.9 0 10 2 27.2 TO31 0 0.287 0.16 0.18 0.14 7.31 4.58 0.402 4 1 33.9 TO32 0 0.357 0.292 0.386 0.19 9.89 10.27 0 11 3 43.2 TO33 0 0.362 0.18 0.381 0.14 7.74 5.42 0 4 1 65.2 TO34 0.11 0.306 0.270 0.342 0.17 6.70 3.83 0 4 1 41.0 TO35 0 0.383 0.340 0.427 0.20 7.66 6.20 0.265 4 1 39.6 TO36 0 0.251 0.386 0.453 0.253 9.41 9.60 0.340 10 2 89.8 TO38 0.23 0.268 0.24 0.289 0.19 7.09 6.62 0 4 1 54.4 TO39 0.318 0.263 0.20 0.20 0.17 7.83 9.54 0.12 5 2 26.6 TO40 0.12 0.275 0.258 0.255 0.19 7.19 10.71 0 6 2 28.1 TO42 0.622 0.268 0.19 0.277 0.20 7.79 8.68 0 6 2 33.1 TO43 0 0.308 0.17 0.270 0.20 6.48 7.04 0 3 1 38.1 TO45 0 0.243 0.19 0.311 0.17 7.13 7.71 0 5 1 33.3 TO46 0 0.627 0.24 0.359 0.15 6.60 5.43 0 5 2 82.3 TO47 0 0.248 0.20 0.22 0.16 7.90 9.00 0 10 2 33.2 TO48 0 0.311 0.263 0.265 0.265 6.59 4.84 0.292 5 1 33.9 TO49 0 0.16 0.15 0.241 0.17 8.54 8.69 0 8 2 42.8 TO50 0.480 0.354 0.337 0.306 0.287 7.82 5.40 0.14 7 2 63.0 TO51 0 0.246 0.239 0.14 0.268 5.92 6.40 0 7 1 21.9 TO52 0 0.359 0.21 0.494 0.265 7.77 8.41 0.12 11 2 77.8

Appendix 3 continued. DisLflIn MidPeti MidPeti DisPeti DisPeti InflL InflW Ra Flowe Whorl Pedu Tag dent Le Di Le Di e i Le rNo No Le TO53 0.22 0.357 0.24 0.482 0.282 7.34 9.44 0 7 2 50.2 TO54 0 0.458 0.253 0.14 0.20 7.94 9.41 0 4 1 16.5 TP1 0 0.704 0.395 0.482 0.347 10.88 12.4 1.51 17 3 57.5 TP3 0 0.349 0.393 0.458 0.313 11.2 16.8 0.678 30 4 34.3 TP4 0 0.337 0.270 0.487 0.20 9.05 11.74 1.08 19 3 18.6 TP6 0 0.441 0.289 0.434 0.22 8.73 14.9 1.69 14 2 29.8 TP7 0 0.554 0.294 0.509 0.26 9.3 12.2 0.846 23 3 18.8 TP8 0 0.482 0.210 0.390 0.263 8.44 14.9 4.01 8 2 16.3 TP9 0 0.318 0.251 0.357 0.22 8.45 11.20 2.28 9 2 13.0 TP10 0 0.720 0.388 0.357 0.289 15.0 18.0 0.362 17 3 22.1 TP12 0 0.533 0.480 0.792 0.511 12.1 14.6 2.53 27 4 29.6 TP14 0 0.670 0.318 0.694 0.410 10.9 15.2 4.80 20 4 49.4 TP15 0 0.504 0.434 0.337 0.282 8.0 12.9 0.263 16 3 18.6 TP16 0 0.318 0.328 0.480 0.277 8.85 14.1 0.369 15 3 28.0 TP17 0 0.574 0.388 0.798 0.376 8.97 8.80 1.94 10 2 45.0 TP18 0 0.410 0.386 0.549 0.337 9.04 13.9 0.882 15 3 15.8 TP20 0 0.22 0.270 0.434 0.270 7.67 12.4 4.69 15 3 38.2 TP22 0 0.453 0.265 0.562 0.263 6.73 10.06 1.96 12 3 32.2 TP23 0 0.345 0.263 0.675 0.258 7.18 9.3 1.63 9 3 34.3 TP25 0 0.419 0.308 0.390 0.22 9.42 13.5 0.906 9 2 23.1 TP26 0 0.598 0.390 0.513 0.268 8.63 12.5 0.586 17 4 17.0 TP27 0 0.357 0.436 0.386 0.287 9.32 12.4 1.27 19 4 25.9 TP28 0 0.725 0.386 0.675 0.306 16.1 17.4 2.48 21 4 61.0 TP29 0 0.453 0.364 0.402 0.311 13.6 17.2 1.85 32 5 56.1 TP30 0 0.651 0.287 0.480 0.325 8.13 11.6 1.24 14 3 10.50 TP31 0 0.308 0.340 0.24 0.263 8.88 13.9 0.50 17 3 32.7 TP32 0 0.480 0.386 0.453 0.265 9.39 13.1 2.74 20 3 37.0 TP33 0 0.265 0.362 0.465 0.289 8.21 10.08 2.14 16 3 25.1 TP34 0 0.277 0.24 0.492 0.22 6.02 8.21 0.675 10 2 21.8 TP35 0 0.357 0.651 0.557 0.282 11.33 15.3 0.386 24 4 47.6 TP37 0 0.530 0.335 0.665 0.386 7.82 9.88 1.73 12 2 29.2 TP38 0 0.434 0.287 0.342 0.311 8.01 11.33 2.92 15 3 52.0 TP40 0 0.530 0.318 0.778 0.318 11.3 15.3 0.918 29 4 61.4 TP41 0 0.634 0.321 0.506 0.381 11.6 13.1 1.18 19 3 11.0 TP42 0 0.631 0.296 0.557 0.287 7.32 9.07 0.942 5 2 20.0 TP43 0 0.472 0.362 0.371 0.287 10.5 13.2 2.71 18 3 25.1 TP44 0 0.482 0.412 0.629 0.651 10.1 17.2 0 20 4 54.1 TP45 0 0.509 0.410 0.899 0.436 10.11 13.2 2.78 16 3 57

Appendix 3 continued. PediL SepTu SepTu SepAd SepAd Sep SepLat SepAb SepAb SepL Tag e PediDi LeMin LeMax Le Wi LaLe Wi Le Wi oNo TB1 2.43 0.18 0.900 1.47 3.12 0.603 2.89 0.672 1.93 0.562 0 TB2 0.894 0.241 1.31 1.66 3.29 0.615 3.32 0.774 2.54 0.696 0 TB3 1.14 0.15 1.04 1.24 2.44 0.506 2.40 0.528 1.64 0.554 0 TB5 1.03 0.17 1.06 1.37 3.02 0.605 2.83 0.728 2.21 0.711 0 TB6 2.08 0.19 1.31 1.61 3.51 0.535 3.00 0.656 2.21 0.566 0 TB8 1.18 0.15 0.948 1.34 2.52 0.576 2.21 0.658 1.66 0.540 0 TB9 1.64 0.14 0.858 1.26 2.28 0.451 2.32 0.618 1.53 0.636 0 TB10 1.74 0.21 1.09 1.32 3.12 0.689 2.95 0.725 1.99 0.735 0 TB11 0.455 0.248 0.936 1.63 3.99 0.668 4.01 0.783 2.81 0.549 0 TB13 1.36 0.22 1.15 1.61 4.09 0.776 3.91 0.795 2.76 0.795 0 TB14 1.13 0.17 1.49 1.84 3.52 0.653 3.48 0.700 2.24 0.682 0 TB15 1.92 0.19 1.08 1.66 3.37 0.559 3.37 0.670 2.53 0.747 0 TB16 1.63 0.20 1.02 1.31 3.00 0.636 2.87 0.533 2.00 0.619 0 TB17 1.58 0.19 1.33 1.72 3.37 0.554 3.21 0.629 2.09 0.583 0 TB19 1.02 0.16 1.19 1.72 4.75 0.627 4.22 0.723 2.49 0.639 0 TB20 1.99 0.18 1.06 1.49 3.15 0.535 2.59 0.769 1.41 0.646 0 TB21 1.39 0.24 1.12 1.55 3.59 0.711 3.53 0.805 2.43 0.769 0 TB22 1.22 0.21 1.06 1.34 2.28 0.605 1.88 0.730 1.51 0.701 0 TB23 0.936 0.19 1.12 1.43 2.55 0.545 2.12 0.576 1.74 0.610 0 TB26 0.708 0.22 1.20 1.64 3.71 0.482 3.63 0.656 2.39 0.576 0 TB27 1.50 0.21 1.05 1.46 3.83 0.598 3.53 0.678 2.18 0.489 0 TB28 0.882 0.20 1.01 1.19 2.28 0.680 2.43 0.704 2.00 0.672 0 TB29 1.38 0.246 0.960 1.34 3.40 0.557 2.96 0.709 1.91 0.696 0 TB30 1.40 0.17 0.918 1.26 3.38 0.552 3.20 0.771 2.41 0.562 0 TB31 0.954 0.17 1.19 1.37 3.09 0.603 3.03 0.606 1.89 0.600 0 TB32 0.726 0.19 1.14 1.40 3.03 0.598 2.60 0.603 1.86 0.690 0 TB33 1.35 0.17 1.02 1.31 3.31 0.417 3.29 0.533 1.71 0.482 0 TC1 2.79 0.313 1.32 2.95 6.58 1.30 4.90 0.774 2.76 1.13 10 TC3 1.10 0.21 1.47 3.30 4.60 0.904 3.46 0.904 4.35 1.03 14 TC4 0.692 0.24 1.07 3.19 6.14 1.12 4.54 0.930 4.28 0.795 23 TC5 2.57 0.345 0.894 2.52 4.34 0.889 3.29 0.764 2.81 0.897 14 TC6 0.870 0.23 1.21 2.75 4.70 1.18 3.61 0.840 3.07 0.839 14 TC7 0.840 0.362 1.67 3.10 5.25 0.990 4.00 0.804 3.56 0.918 14 TC8 2.39 0.263 1.34 2.60 3.85 0.924 2.62 0.786 2.03 0.744 12 TC9 0.630 0.381 1.44 2.64 5.18 0.960 3.39 0.828 3.54 1.03 10 TC10 2.38 0.349 1.90 3.60 5.89 1.33 4.10 1.22 2.51 0.906 10 TC12 0.817 0.289 1.43 3.04 5.70 0.990 4.63 0.923 3.41 1.11 21 TC13 2.12 0.265 1.43 2.75 4.77 0.954 3.85 0.900 2.48 0.780 18 TC14 1.96 0.287 1.28 2.85 6.86 0.912 3.89 0.876 3.26 0.768 9 TC17 1.26 0.21 1.18 2.11 4.32 0.996 3.01 0.960 2.33 1.00 13 TC20 1.03 0.311 1.43 3.47 5.17 1.04 3.87 0.870 3.83 0.840 17 TC21 1.01 0.330 1.46 2.98 6.57 1.34 4.01 0.834 2.61 0.912 11 TC23 0.972 0.352 1.15 3.00 5.38 1.21 4.13 0.876 3.79 1.12 23 TC25 0.593 0.265 1.42 2.99 4.55 1.03 3.73 0.798 3.71 0.846 14 TC30 0.513 0.366 1.48 2.57 4.89 1.19 4.53 0.846 4.82 0.786 26 TC31 0.774 0.24 1.29 3.65 5.79 1.27 3.67 0.960 3.81 1.27 20 TC32 0.630 0.337 1.51 3.49 5.48 1.06 3.60 0.828 3.51 1.09 18 TC33 0.600 0.272 1.32 3.09 4.76 0.978 3.44 0.678 3.60 1.00 18 TC34 1.19 0.366 1.23 3.14 5.53 1.160 4.39 0.732 4.10 0.966 16 TG1 1.79 0.19 1.67 2.55 4.07 0.766 3.37 0.942 2.24 0.928 0

Appendix 3 continued. PediL SepTu SepTu SepAd SepAd Sep SepLat SepAb SepAb SepL Tag e PediDi LeMin LeMax Le Wi LaLe Wi Le Wi oNo TG2 1.37 0.17 1.49 2.09 4.18 0.971 3.01 0.853 2.33 0.829 0 TG4 1.67 0.18 1.59 1.93 4.17 0.699 2.90 0.752 2.06 0.672 0 TG5 1.75 0.17 1.40 1.90 4.25 0.745 3.52 0.882 2.69 0.689 0 TG6 1.55 0.19 1.38 2.45 4.90 0.913 3.93 0.747 3.29 0.670 0 TG7 1.13 0.22 1.44 1.85 3.83 0.595 3.22 0.610 2.56 0.535 0 TG8 2.34 0.16 1.62 2.34 4.72 0.816 4.07 0.858 3.10 0.780 0 TG9 2.58 0.17 1.49 2.30 4.43 0.721 3.95 0.745 2.93 0.728 0 TG10 1.27 0.272 1.14 1.68 3.70 0.925 2.89 0.894 2.09 1.030 0 TG11 1.01 0.16 1.12 1.72 3.79 0.603 2.98 0.656 1.96 0.615 0 TG13 1.13 0.14 1.57 1.81 3.13 0.540 2.81 0.648 2.12 0.651 0 TG15 1.33 0.15 1.37 2.99 3.59 0.899 3.01 0.844 2.50 0.631 0 TG16 1.86 0.18 1.70 2.39 2.91 0.853 2.68 0.868 1.92 0.868 0 TG17 1.74 0.16 1.30 1.68 3.09 0.865 2.48 0.733 1.61 0.829 0 TG18 1.53 0.22 1.58 1.98 3.65 0.870 2.50 0.876 1.61 0.744 0 TG20 1.55 0.13 1.34 1.93 2.78 0.615 1.81 0.535 1.62 0.537 0 TG21 0.906 0.14 1.44 1.74 3.23 0.552 2.56 0.643 2.37 0.463 0 TG22 1.12 0.17 1.33 1.41 3.50 0.696 3.18 0.627 2.00 0.588 0 TG23 1.04 0.13 1.57 2.15 3.79 0.610 2.99 0.578 2.47 0.629 0 TG24 1.41 0.096 1.50 1.88 3.00 0.537 2.39 0.607 1.50 0.651 0 TG25 1.43 0.17 1.92 2.50 3.79 0.783 3.19 0.586 2.02 0.540 0 TG26 1.86 0.14 1.73 2.40 4.33 0.713 3.58 0.781 2.62 0.783 0 TG27 0.840 0.241 1.46 2.16 4.08 0.783 3.16 0.876 2.52 0.774 0 TG28 1.32 0.20 1.42 1.91 4.08 0.677 2.94 0.631 2.30 0.569 0 TG29 1.93 0.20 1.97 2.70 4.16 0.798 3.34 0.846 2.18 0.852 0 TG31 1.75 0.24 1.27 2.00 3.52 0.877 2.97 0.798 2.07 0.912 0 TG32 0.557 0.19 1.27 1.87 4.33 0.666 3.60 0.574 2.71 0.670 0 TG33 1.23 0.15 1.19 1.62 4.11 0.653 3.32 0.684 2.99 0.714 0 TG36 2.22 0.20 1.34 2.00 2.89 0.612 2.26 0.605 1.59 0.554 0 TG38 1.64 0.20 1.71 2.35 3.72 0.819 3.16 0.892 2.21 0.864 0 TG40 1.60 0.17 1.51 2.23 3.22 0.828 2.87 0.828 2.11 0.714 0 TG42 0.506 0.10 1.24 1.48 2.97 0.395 2.34 0.345 2.02 0.366 0 TG43 0.822 0.21 1.41 1.93 3.41 0.598 3.21 0.725 2.17 0.714 0 TG44 1.60 0.19 1.18 1.58 3.51 0.798 3.05 0.852 2.10 0.960 0 TG45 1.68 0.19 1.31 1.91 2.81 0.894 2.44 0.996 1.83 0.840 0 TG48 1.14 0.14 1.13 1.58 3.16 0.545 2.68 0.605 1.94 0.588 0 TG49 1.67 0.22 1.31 1.84 4.09 1.04 3.43 0.930 2.62 0.798 0 TG50 1.24 0.18 1.13 1.76 3.27 0.714 3.04 0.605 2.22 0.581 0 TG52 1.39 0.22 1.26 1.67 3.14 0.768 2.83 0.810 2.14 0.768 0 TG53 1.99 0.22 1.46 2.09 4.27 0.900 3.15 0.906 2.90 0.786 0 TG54 1.28 0.18 1.33 1.58 3.37 0.576 3.23 0.624 2.58 0.720 0 TG55 1.18 0.16 1.04 1.50 2.96 0.828 2.52 0.666 2.09 0.798 0 TG59 2.71 0.18 1.47 2.12 4.16 0.840 3.71 0.888 2.95 0.822 0 TG60 1.73 0.18 0.978 1.57 3.38 0.624 2.11 0.610 1.63 0.607 0 TG61 1.56 0.17 1.52 2.13 3.65 0.966 3.08 0.768 2.66 0.714 0 TG67 1.88 0.22 1.33 2.42 3.75 0.816 3.05 0.822 2.83 0.792 0 TG69 1.29 0.21 0.918 1.60 3.17 0.780 2.77 0.786 1.81 0.792 0 TG70 0.978 0.18 1.30 1.63 3.08 1.06 2.69 0.780 2.40 0.840 0 TG72 1.37 0.15 1.60 2.52 3.50 0.786 2.48 0.756 2.30 0.624 0 TG73 1.43 0.19 1.67 2.59 3.71 0.792 2.69 0.792 2.10 0.720 0 TG75 1.19 0.19 1.20 1.71 3.30 0.738 2.81 0.672 2.15 0.672 0

Appendix 3 continued. PediL SepTu SepTu SepAd SepAd Sep SepLat SepAb SepAb SepL Tag e PediDi LeMin LeMax Le Wi LaLe Wi Le Wi oNo TG76 1.61 0.23 1.62 2.38 6.07 0.960 4.72 0.936 3.48 0.834 0 TG77 0.684 0.263 1.17 1.80 3.92 0.678 3.10 0.756 2.89 0.846 0 TG78 1.63 0.198 1.63 2.47 5.54 0.780 4.18 0.714 2.93 0.576 0 TO1 0.792 0.22 2.47 3.08 3.11 0.800 3.23 0.735 2.54 0.747 0 TO2 0.547 0.17 2.58 3.15 2.51 0.721 2.69 0.706 2.20 0.819 0 TO3 0.547 0.263 2.16 2.57 2.75 0.506 2.83 0.600 2.21 0.506 0 TO4 0.506 0.17 2.15 3.00 2.65 0.769 2.87 0.523 2.47 0.605 0 TO5 0.542 0.246 2.28 2.97 3.42 1.13 3.33 1.08 2.75 1.06 0 TO7 0.735 0.20 2.46 2.69 3.13 0.776 3.20 0.677 2.95 0.868 0 TO8 0.386 0.17 2.43 3.11 3.34 0.690 3.60 0.738 3.25 0.723 0 TO9 0.810 0.22 2.61 3.19 3.77 0.846 3.89 0.804 3.69 0.720 0 TO10 0.598 0.22 2.36 2.80 3.57 0.639 3.86 0.542 3.50 0.740 0 TO11 0.448 0.20 2.15 2.72 3.32 0.535 3.75 0.528 3.45 0.569 0 TO12 0.393 0.17 1.91 2.71 2.29 0.552 2.60 0.728 2.37 0.576 0 TO13 0.600 0.17 1.97 3.04 3.14 0.723 3.43 0.793 2.83 0.699 0 TO14 0.660 0.17 1.80 2.71 3.10 0.521 3.20 0.588 2.97 0.684 0 TO15 1.48 0.13 2.43 3.52 3.86 1.09 4.47 1.01 3.86 1.14 0 TO16 0.417 0.17 2.30 2.99 3.65 0.836 3.87 0.807 3.33 0.863 0 TO17 0.648 0.19 2.35 2.95 2.86 0.708 3.12 0.708 2.74 0.666 0 TO18 0.728 0.14 2.23 2.96 2.72 0.744 2.88 0.804 2.61 0.733 0 TO20 0.458 0.18 2.02 2.55 3.16 0.834 3.25 0.756 2.70 0.605 0 TO21 0.696 0.14 1.64 2.61 2.39 0.552 2.90 0.530 2.51 0.506 0 TO22 0.978 0.13 2.32 3.01 3.47 0.786 3.71 0.822 3.43 0.828 0 TO23 0.554 0.13 1.96 2.54 2.62 0.542 2.86 0.653 2.27 0.549 0 TO24 0.759 0.24 2.09 2.78 3.08 0.804 3.15 0.768 4.74 0.756 0 TO25 0.723 0.21 2.04 3.21 3.13 0.834 3.49 0.804 2.53 0.540 0 TO26 0.706 0.15 2.04 3.23 3.32 0.663 3.59 0.699 2.98 0.704 0 TO27 0.265 0.243 2.25 2.98 3.56 0.816 3.88 1.01 3.41 0.732 0 TO28 0.511 0.20 1.59 2.63 2.96 0.630 2.99 0.612 2.05 0.666 0 TO29 0.412 0.19 1.87 3.17 3.94 0.774 3.88 0.774 3.32 0.654 0 TO30 0.653 0.14 2.05 3.11 2.95 0.759 3.14 0.672 2.37 0.718 0 TO31 0.342 0.14 1.92 3.06 3.08 0.798 3.51 0.678 3.11 0.720 0 TO32 0.364 0.14 1.57 2.39 2.92 0.750 3.31 0.844 2.60 0.744 0 TO33 0.458 0.18 2.09 2.95 2.81 0.656 3.11 0.559 2.73 0.583 0 TO34 0.410 0.21 2.36 2.94 2.56 0.499 2.74 0.583 2.15 0.581 0 TO35 0.463 0.24 2.27 3.10 2.88 0.771 2.96 0.704 2.43 0.588 0 TO36 0.624 0.287 2.53 3.55 3.32 0.762 3.83 0.840 3.25 0.612 0 TO38 0.844 0.21 1.88 2.81 2.65 0.846 2.98 0.687 2.33 0.834 0 TO39 0.598 0.20 2.00 3.07 3.20 0.798 3.02 0.792 2.58 0.744 0 TO40 0.600 0.20 2.08 3.14 3.52 0.675 3.55 0.728 3.28 0.680 0 TO42 0.458 0.21 2.27 2.69 3.39 0.966 3.73 0.870 3.11 0.720 0 TO43 0.610 0.214 1.94 2.44 3.27 0.948 3.34 0.852 3.00 1.04 0 TO45 0.583 0.22 2.19 2.88 2.41 0.648 3.04 0.798 2.78 0.678 0 TO46 0.38 0.13 1.41 2.80 3.02 0.680 3.18 0.559 2.82 0.542 0 TO47 0.627 0.20 2.743 3.23 3.41 0.846 3.70 0.858 3.44 0.942 0 TO48 0.547 0.22 2.06 2.84 2.66 0.666 2.77 0.518 2.29 0.554 0 TO49 0.388 0.15 1.93 2.83 3.17 0.654 3.57 0.672 2.49 0.624 0 TO50 0.752 0.21 2.39 2.89 2.81 0.714 3.06 0.636 2.73 0.642 0 TO51 0.333 0.19 1.77 2.45 2.38 0.960 2.46 0.936 2.10 0.666 0 TO52 0.313 0.17 2.37 3.20 3.11 0.900 3.23 0.774 2.75 0.780 0

Appendix 3 continued. PediL SepTu SepTu SepAd SepAd Sep SepLat SepAb SepAb SepL Tag e PediDi LeMin LeMax Le Wi LaLe Wi Le Wi oNo TO53 0.463 0.17 2.52 3.21 3.36 0.780 3.53 0.744 2.92 0.750 0 TO54 0.248 0.14 1.67 1.88 3.05 0.816 2.81 0.732 1.63 1.06 0 TP1 1.40 0.289 1.43 1.91 4.70 1.01 4.41 0.901 4.09 0.842 0 TP3 1.67 0.24 1.44 1.97 4.74 0.622 3.79 0.677 3.43 0.687 0 TP4 1.37 0.243 1.46 1.59 2.93 0.737 2.48 0.677 1.87 0.699 0 TP6 1.61 0.265 1.30 1.89 4.10 0.817 3.54 0.868 2.21 0.831 0 TP7 0.834 0.17 1.05 1.59 3.39 0.774 3.10 0.721 2.74 0.615 0 TP8 1.30 0.287 1.59 2.27 4.22 0.930 3.41 0.839 2.92 0.892 0 TP9 1.69 0.246 1.36 1.94 3.14 0.868 2.48 0.844 1.58 0.663 0 TP10 0.815 0.246 1.27 2.17 4.35 0.978 3.65 1.03 2.81 0.786 0 TP12 0.888 0.30 1.62 2.23 5.02 0.780 4.70 0.720 4.03 0.714 0 TP14 1.89 0.301 1.61 2.10 4.46 1.06 4.24 1.05 3.13 0.972 0 TP15 1.40 0.260 1.15 1.83 4.28 0.936 4.69 0.936 3.74 0.912 0 TP16 1.78 0.313 1.41 1.60 3.70 1.00 3.34 0.924 2.56 0.840 0 TP17 1.23 0.19 1.56 2.03 4.71 0.819 4.21 0.870 3.90 0.714 0 TP18 1.52 0.289 1.43 2.03 4.57 0.978 4.20 0.948 4.11 0.768 0 TP20 1.31 0.20 1.20 1.84 4.19 0.858 3.72 0.792 3.23 0.744 0 TP22 0.912 0.17 1.29 2.22 3.41 0.684 3.45 0.678 2.99 0.612 0 TP23 0.840 0.21 1.16 1.68 3.57 0.726 4.05 0.708 3.48 0.654 0 TP25 0.684 0.17 1.39 1.71 3.54 0.804 4.11 0.852 3.47 0.822 0 TP26 1.13 0.22 1.25 1.80 3.27 0.864 3.17 0.804 2.75 0.666 0 TP27 1.36 0.23 1.43 1.76 3.77 0.786 3.21 0.654 2.81 0.612 0 TP28 1.75 0.18 1.48 2.42 4.86 0.612 3.96 0.732 3.93 0.720 0 TP29 2.40 0.268 1.33 1.66 3.89 0.666 3.80 0.726 2.42 0.603 0 TP30 1.19 0.17 1.34 1.85 4.38 0.708 3.82 0.642 3.22 0.618 0 TP31 1.50 0.15 1.51 1.70 3.19 0.610 2.51 0.624 2.06 0.636 0 TP32 1.50 0.22 1.51 1.91 4.71 0.834 4.19 0.696 3.54 0.750 0 TP33 1.07 0.265 1.27 1.83 4.34 0.654 3.51 0.612 2.90 0.574 0 TP34 0.810 0.13 1.22 1.32 3.28 0.530 3.01 0.574 2.39 0.513 0 TP35 1.81 0.17 1.41 2.12 4.29 0.578 3.50 0.533 2.60 0.516 0 TP37 0.720 0.270 1.60 2.23 4.02 0.768 3.82 0.822 3.63 0.726 0 TP38 1.50 0.22 1.32 1.92 3.14 0.702 2.62 0.768 1.94 0.756 0 TP40 1.37 0.241 1.44 2.09 4.68 0.948 4.52 0.918 3.60 0.852 0 TP41 1.59 0.253 1.57 1.94 2.83 0.798 3.00 0.798 2.02 0.756 0 TP42 0.436 0.20 1.27 1.52 2.74 0.648 2.68 0.624 2.60 0.576 0 TP43 0.972 0.21 1.68 2.12 3.64 0.900 2.80 0.876 2.24 0.630 0 TP44 1.50 0.22 1.53 2.01 5.45 0.918 4.57 0.900 3.78 0.762 0 TP45 0.966 0.239 1.32 1.82 5.28 0.834 5.06 0.744 4.17 0.666 0

100

Appendix 3 continued. Ban Ban Ban Wing Wing Wing WingW WingW WingA WingA WingA Tag BanLe ClLe ClWi Wi Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar urAng urLe urWi TB1 4.91 0.390 0.619 3.64 4.44 2.02 0.17 1.50 0.78 70 0.23 0.58 TB2 5.94 0.393 1.14 4.02 5.26 2.59 0.20 1.62 0.786 15 0.386 0.771 TB3 4.60 0.24 0.482 2.53 4.01 1.95 0.14 1.13 0.530 40 0.18 0.364 TB5 5.48 0.666 1.15 3.19 4.68 2.66 0.18 1.30 0.817 80 0.296 0.533 TB6 4.62 0.487 1.07 3.19 4.57 2.09 0.22 1.40 0.868 60 0.311 0.713 TB8 4.67 0.272 0.660 3.31 3.97 2.21 0.19 1.38 0.803 45 0.263 0.605 TB9 3.80 0.096 0.475 2.51 3.44 1.46 0.17 1.15 0.651 70 0.236 0.653 TB10 5.58 0.460 0.810 3.49 4.64 2.33 0.325 1.43 0.863 30 0.289 0.610 TB11 5.60 0.22 0.627 3.08 5.06 2.22 0.292 1.64 0.911 60 0.311 0.752 TB13 6.39 0.876 1.20 3.95 5.22 2.78 0.19 1.76 0.846 60 0.294 0.769 TB14 5.40 0.366 0.754 3.07 4.70 2.35 0.22 1.37 1.04 45 0.323 0.786 TB15 5.82 0.552 0.935 3.35 5.18 2.55 0.330 1.50 0.892 80 0.246 0.648 TB16 5.10 0.434 0.795 3.19 4.38 2.17 0.17 1.36 0.672 50 0.292 0.627 TB17 4.87 0.600 0.993 3.21 4.71 2.47 0.19 1.31 0.744 30 0.296 0.528 TB19 5.87 0.504 0.848 3.05 5.12 2.78 0.22 1.36 0.666 70 0.263 0.651 TB20 5.61 0.458 0.851 3.90 4.37 2.44 0.17 1.40 0.768 60 0.260 0.470 TB21 5.82 0.654 1.53 3.80 4.47 2.13 0.20 1.41 0.792 90 0.20 0.696 TB22 4.34 0.316 0.800 3.00 3.49 1.89 0.20 1.39 0.618 25 0.265 0.554 TB23 5.18 0.603 1.12 3.02 4.61 2.51 0.21 1.70 0.780 45 0.294 0.648 TB26 5.39 0.533 0.870 3.22 4.77 2.38 0.18 1.39 0.786 80 0.253 0.668 TB27 5.66 0.417 0.882 3.28 4.93 2.57 0.18 1.50 0.942 85 0.270 0.648 TB28 5.19 0.362 1.03 3.70 4.51 2.34 0.243 1.21 0.654 70 0.412 0.571 TB29 4.73 0.243 0.805 3.01 4.38 2.09 0.17 1.47 0.776 70 0.362 0.776 TB30 4.89 0.246 0.678 3.21 4.41 2.31 0.20 1.20 0.738 20 0.265 0.518 TB31 5.61 0.458 0.792 3.15 4.62 2.39 0.17 1.40 0.876 45 0.284 0.737 TB32 5.21 0.270 0.618 3.20 4.73 2.42 0.17 1.38 0.605 65 0.15 0.562 TB33 4.83 0.511 0.966 2.73 4.21 2.39 0.17 1.31 0.708 50 0.282 0.537 TC1 7.01 0.726 1.45 3.87 5.90 3.18 0.20 0.924 0.714 60 0.24 0.581 TC3 8.04 0.528 1.08 3.97 6.80 3.64 0.313 1.08 0.800 80 0.24 0.533 TC4 8.66 0.790 1.27 4.09 7.45 3.86 0.366 1.21 0.745 60 0.316 0.718 TC5 7.48 0.511 1.42 3.78 6.228 3.11 0.214 1.04 0.699 45 0.296 0.711 TC6 7.69 0.900 1.31 4.32 7.29 3.95 0.342 1.32 0.660 40 0.22 0.530 TC7 7.92 0.672 1.07 3.86 5.91 3.07 0.241 1.17 1.020 70 0.41 0.768 TC8 7.25 0.672 0.786 3.21 6.28 3.11 0.22 0.912 0.744 80 0.19 0.658 TC9 7.10 0.557 1.06 3.79 6.40 3.51 0.20 0.852 0.533 60 0.13 0.280 TC10 8.68 0.672 1.14 5.21 7.62 3.95 0.248 1.66 1.07 80 0.323 0.836 TC12 8.00 0.605 1.18 4.49 6.99 3.67 0.390 1.18 1.08 75 0.458 0.851 TC13 8.40 0.846 1.31 3.90 7.19 3.92 0.17 1.17 0.774 30 0.364 0.750 TC14 6.72 1.16 1.62 3.58 6.11 3.49 0.17 0.846 0.606 40 0.243 0.677 TC17 7.20 0.747 1.39 4.09 6.13 3.30 0.21 1.10 0.978 50 0.248 0.643 TC20 7.19 0.793 1.40 3.62 5.64 2.93 0.246 1.04 0.846 80 0.362 0.728 TC21 7.58 0.511 1.00 3.93 6.80 3.61 0.265 0.960 0.846 75 0.289 0.841 TC23 6.43 0.415 1.24 4.32 6.20 3.04 0.289 1.37 0.936 60 0.292 0.672 TC25 7.17 0.535 1.21 4.06 5.59 2.76 0.19 1.19 0.792 70 0.311 0.677 TC30 7.61 0.533 0.840 4.09 6.40 3.33 0.263 1.06 0.834 25 0.364 0.525 TC31 7.51 0.554 1.22 4.32 6.90 3.71 0.270 1.29 0.924 30 0.20 0.571 TC32 8.58 0.660 1.32 4.91 7.05 3.60 0.258 1.50 0.948 40 0.17 0.747 TC33 7.48 0.780 1.39 4.32 6.28 3.13 0.248 1.28 0.726 60 0.292 0.726 TC34 7.10 0.704 1.33 3.82 6.43 3.17 0.289 1.54 0.876 80 0.325 0.766 TG1 6.29 0.578 1.27 3.37 5.66 3.01 0.17 1.05 0.769 75 0.23 0.509

101

Appendix 3 continued. Ban Ban Ban Wing Wing Wing WingW WingW WingA WingA WingA Tag BanLe ClLe ClWi Wi Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar urAng urLe urWi TG2 6.738 0.600 1.19 4.10 6.462 3.13 0.24 1.14 0.846 30 0.349 0.598 TG4 6.06 0.381 0.892 3.25 6.02 3.13 0.18 0.966 0.757 55 0.277 0.547 TG5 7.62 0.386 1.00 3.46 6.89 3.41 0.321 0.937 0.783 95 0.246 0.750 TG6 6.906 0.458 1.10 3.78 6.258 3.12 0.20 1.14 0.774 60 0.294 0.629 TG7 6.354 0.660 0.894 2.78 6.018 3.19 0.19 0.969 0.643 40 0.284 0.436 TG8 7.50 0.918 1.48 3.66 6.80 3.38 0.20 1.15 0.732 45 0.333 0.598 TG9 6.01 0.648 1.12 3.21 5.60 3.03 0.17 1.69 1.11 30 0.306 0.554 TG10 6.63 0.241 1.08 4.14 6.50 3.52 0.22 1.18 0.858 50 0.246 0.672 TG11 4.62 0.412 0.865 2.73 4.40 2.20 0.20 0.840 0.624 65 0.22 0.513 TG13 5.16 0.562 0.940 2.69 4.76 2.63 0.15 0.786 0.559 55 0.22 0.383 TG15 5.72 0.762 1.45 3.28 4.67 2.35 0.15 0.966 0.666 30 0.268 0.545 TG16 5.69 0.506 1.15 3.53 4.98 2.70 0.16 1.02 0.774 40 0.337 0.598 TG17 6.02 0.822 1.37 3.33 5.56 2.98 0.20 0.918 0.750 40 0.270 0.663 TG18 7.81 0.840 1.22 4.62 7.46 4.13 0.39 0.828 0.666 35 0.427 0.709 TG20 5.54 0.434 0.822 2.40 4.93 2.20 0.15 0.840 0.624 35 0.412 0.504 TG21 5.40 0.627 0.918 2.62 4.94 2.37 0.13 0.738 0.622 45 0.330 0.511 TG22 5.40 0.615 0.870 2.41 5.10 2.58 0.15 0.810 0.600 50 0.294 0.516 TG23 6.53 0.852 1.10 3.23 6.30 3.38 0.14 0.960 0.744 50 0.323 0.482 TG24 5.20 0.374 0.648 2.48 4.10 1.77 0.15 0.822 0.554 70 0.265 0.487 TG25 5.50 0.431 0.909 2.52 4.70 2.53 0.14 0.882 0.648 50 0.337 0.598 TG26 7.40 0.978 1.58 4.03 6.69 3.50 0.19 1.23 0.720 55 0.330 0.506 TG27 6.94 0.595 0.966 3.24 6.63 3.29 0.19 1.11 0.888 60 0.304 0.615 TG28 6.80 0.537 0.993 2.82 5.82 2.90 0.15 0.822 0.586 80 0.263 0.574 TG29 6.83 0.810 1.52 3.49 6.54 3.62 0.18 1.17 0.846 45 0.316 0.612 TG31 4.93 0.362 1.04 2.83 4.41 2.11 0.15 0.816 0.696 70 0.253 0.528 TG32 5.23 0.677 1.09 2.94 4.68 2.40 0.15 0.798 0.720 30 0.268 0.460 TG33 4.44 0.19 0.612 2.61 4.22 2.20 0.15 0.780 0.660 50 0.268 0.429 TG36 4.92 0.24 0.846 2.10 4.37 2.00 0.13 0.702 0.537 55 0.14 0.390 TG38 6.71 0.501 1.22 3.82 6.01 3.07 0.23 1.02 0.774 40 0.287 0.774 TG40 5.92 0.509 1.32 3.82 5.53 2.92 0.17 1.02 0.720 40 0.472 0.675 TG42 3.60 0.304 0.407 1.21 3.13 1.56 0.13 0.504 0.386 85 0.22 0.383 TG43 5.02 0.383 0.852 3.29 4.52 2.23 0.17 1.04 0.720 75 0.22 0.504 TG44 4.89 0.427 1.06 3.40 4.33 2.12 0.19 0.930 0.642 75 0.340 0.603 TG45 5.50 0.308 1.10 4.31 5.24 2.59 0.20 1.06 0.810 60 0.20 0.482 TG48 5.04 0.390 0.966 2.72 4.81 2.42 0.15 0.732 0.533 30 0.24 0.427 TG49 6.04 0.369 1.00 3.46 5.58 2.63 0.20 1.04 0.708 30 0.22 0.441 TG50 4.02 0.17 0.618 2.45 3.78 1.76 0.16 0.678 0.618 70 0.24 0.431 TG52 4.60 0.321 0.966 2.84 4.34 2.06 0.13 0.876 0.316 55 0.260 0.451 TG53 6.80 0.511 1.23 3.70 6.07 3.02 0.15 1.11 0.702 60 0.296 0.588 TG54 4.50 0.345 0.795 2.90 3.99 1.82 0.14 0.936 0.738 80 0.263 0.684 TG55 6.34 0.506 1.22 3.89 5.90 3.20 0.21 0.840 0.672 100 0.23 0.706 TG59 6.52 0.840 1.60 3.70 6.10 3.32 0.17 1.18 0.882 30 0.362 0.607 TG60 5.73 0.593 0.972 2.55 4.95 2.50 0.12 0.666 0.581 55 0.22 0.465 TG61 6.09 0.716 1.34 3.33 5.57 2.89 0.24 0.912 0.660 55 0.296 0.537 TG67 6.48 0.313 1.25 3.62 5.81 3.00 0.17 0.978 0.726 50 0.241 0.523 TG69 6.31 0.390 1.16 4.30 5.92 3.21 0.268 0.912 0.738 80 0.268 0.663 TG70 6.88 0.366 1.24 4.00 6.79 3.41 0.22 0.954 0.840 60 0.359 0.822 TG72 5.63 0.482 1.13 3.19 5.11 2.94 0.17 1.08 0.624 30 0.340 0.482 TG73 6.93 0.930 1.46 3.99 6.50 3.31 0.19 1.08 0.678 60 0.333 0.631 TG75 5.60 0.605 1.16 3.02 5.20 2.14 0.19 0.846 0.636 50 0.19 0.463

102

Appendix 3 continued. Ban Ban Ban Wing Wing Wing WingW WingW WingA WingA WingA Tag BanLe ClLe ClWi Wi Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar urAng urLe urWi TG76 6.73 0.653 1.19 3.40 6.07 3.09 0.19 0.912 0.780 30 0.287 0.509 TG77 4.48 0.415 1.00 2.83 4.31 1.99 0.15 0.918 0.648 55 0.22 0.443 TG78 5.83 0.366 1.03 2.93 5.51 2.28 0.15 1.07 0.792 60 0.22 0.453 TO1 5.44 1.63 1.20 1.63 5.53 3.38 0.17 0.776 0.487 50 0.21 0.325 TO2 7.00 2.06 0.852 2.40 6.46 3.48 0.24 1.15 0.606 75 0.19 0.484 TO3 6.30 1.79 0.966 1.91 6.00 3.59 0.20 0.780 0.509 70 0.12 0.328 TO4 6.21 2.81 0.606 1.39 5.60 3.58 0.22 0.720 0.407 80 0.15 0.460 TO5 5.90 1.58 0.696 1.58 5.40 3.19 0.20 0.606 0.434 60 0.094 0.21 TO7 5.03 1.45 1.09 1.59 4.73 2.68 0.14 0.714 0.576 60 0.13 0.22 TO8 6.20 2.23 1.05 1.79 5.58 3.14 0.20 0.732 0.482 65 0.17 0.282 TO9 5.93 1.92 0.912 1.39 5.73 3.66 0.21 0.603 0.434 20 0.20 0.14 TO10 6.08 2.09 1.01 1.85 5.52 3.18 0.20 0.738 0.578 100 0.082 0.364 TO11 6.10 1.80 1.10 1.61 6.00 3.60 0.15 0.624 0.509 45 0.12 0.268 TO12 5.69 2.08 0.846 1.76 5.67 3.58 0.15 0.714 0.448 25 0.17 0.296 TO13 7.00 2.20 0.954 1.71 6.50 3.50 0.12 0.720 0.511 50 0.15 0.296 TO14 6.01 1.50 0.948 2.03 5.63 3.13 0.20 1.02 0.477 25 0.20 0.292 TO15 6.54 1.81 1.46 1.78 6.14 3.43 0.21 0.581 0.371 45 0.20 0.282 TO16 6.11 1.90 1.22 1.42 5.73 3.31 0.15 0.672 0.455 40 0.11 0.20 TO17 5.72 2.01 1.19 1.51 5.29 3.01 0.21 0.768 0.434 50 0.15 0.328 TO18 7.50 2.42 1.10 1.98 6.67 3.90 0.20 0.660 0.547 30 0.17 0.272 TO20 5.38 1.90 1.36 1.53 5.32 3.21 0.14 0.732 0.436 50 0.14 0.246 TO21 6.20 1.60 0.978 1.60 4.93 2.44 0.092 0.654 0.345 50 0.18 0.265 TO22 6.66 2.05 1.56 1.82 6.19 3.60 0.22 0.720 0.533 65 0.15 0.272 TO23 6.80 2.72 1.31 1.88 5.84 3.48 0.12 0.624 0.340 70 0.16 0.246 TO24 6.67 2.22 1.32 2.04 5.97 3.51 0.292 1.04 0.523 50 0.14 0.246 TO25 7.12 1.91 1.23 1.81 6.72 3.91 0.21 0.870 0.549 65 0.246 0.313 TO26 7.91 2.97 1.00 2.09 6.60 3.59 0.096 0.666 0.316 20 0.246 0.170 TO27 7.40 2.47 1.01 2.06 7.10 4.07 0.096 0.960 0.578 60 0.22 0.287 TO28 5.99 1.68 0.900 1.78 5.73 3.11 0.15 0.930 0.415 60 0.19 0.289 TO29 7.52 1.95 1.09 1.93 6.84 3.80 0.17 0.966 0.648 75 0.22 0.504 TO30 7.13 2.13 1.10 1.62 6.50 3.80 0.22 0.792 0.436 35 0.18 0.289 TO31 6.75 2.20 1.13 1.90 6.46 3.73 0.15 0.882 0.494 75 0.12 0.337 TO32 7.17 2.60 1.16 2.10 7.10 4.09 0.19 0.696 0.388 95 0.072 0.243 TO33 7.33 1.74 1.25 2.17 7.04 4.00 0.14 0.756 0.407 50 0.15 0.357 TO34 6.12 1.57 0.856 1.81 5.40 2.78 0.15 0.840 0.530 95 0.15 0.388 TO35 7.07 1.92 0.960 1.80 6.70 3.89 0.15 0.732 0.441 65 0.14 0.294 TO36 7.02 2.10 0.960 1.67 6.69 3.82 0.17 0.720 0.268 45 0.12 0.275 TO38 6.72 1.88 1.22 1.72 6.00 3.42 0.17 0.696 0.460 30 0.11 0.17 TO39 6.60 2.49 1.09 1.60 6.21 3.62 0.17 0.762 0.362 40 0.19 0.243 TO40 6.81 1.71 1.09 2.37 6.30 3.52 0.16 0.912 0.472 85 0.077 0.22 TO42 6.39 1.92 1.39 1.53 6.03 3.58 0.22 0.648 0.340 35 0.239 0.268 TO43 5.90 2.20 1.02 1.58 4.77 2.82 0.17 0.666 0.417 80 0.12 0.289 TO45 6.61 1.74 1.09 1.54 6.10 3.67 0.12 0.768 0.342 120 0.10 0.390 TO46 6.13 2.59 1.31 1.80 6.00 3.60 0.20 0.762 0.489 55 0.15 0.431 TO47 6.50 1.93 1.61 1.77 5.82 3.41 0.16 0.732 0.465 65 0.21 0.337 TO48 6.43 1.97 0.888 1.43 5.78 3.29 0.15 0.583 0.431 55 0.17 0.347 TO49 7.04 1.98 1.22 1.44 6.50 3.89 0.12 0.606 0.321 40 0.15 0.292 TO50 6.27 2.35 1.18 1.80 6.11 3.88 0.18 0.696 0.460 30 0.14 0.313 TO51 5.98 1.72 1.02 1.42 5.40 3.01 0.15 0.678 0.289 35 0.082 0.15 TO52 6.49 1.90 1.20 1.42 6.07 3.70 0.17 0.606 0.393 90 0.096 0.316

103

Appendix 3 continued. Ban Ban Ban Wing Wing Wing WingW WingW WingA WingA WingA Tag BanLe ClLe ClWi Wi Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar urAng urLe urWi TO53 6.31 1.91 1.18 1.79 6.02 3.50 0.19 0.786 0.504 80 0.14 0.246 TO54 8.18 2.41 1.24 1.59 7.08 3.88 0.19 0.720 0.321 25 0.270 0.415 TP1 7.30 0.732 1.21 3.02 7.00 3.53 0.352 1.06 0.933 70 0.482 0.831 TP3 7.11 1.28 1.31 3.81 6.57 2.94 0.22 1.09 0.774 60 0.325 0.701 TP4 6.42 1.03 1.30 3.60 5.51 2.67 0.22 1.04 0.840 45 0.330 0.646 TP6 7.11 0.583 0.833 4.12 6.49 2.82 0.282 1.13 0.840 55 0.415 0.827 TP7 4.79 0.374 0.918 3.37 4.81 2.61 0.22 0.828 0.732 70 0.431 0.603 TP8 7.12 1.25 1.12 3.74 6.20 2.20 0.24 1.05 0.846 45 0.460 0.848 TP9 6.79 0.960 1.31 4.19 6.04 2.50 0.19 1.02 0.798 50 0.477 0.819 TP10 7.39 0.750 1.38 4.45 6.32 2.89 0.22 1.35 0.906 45 0.340 0.677 TP12 6.31 0.439 1.03 3.12 5.70 2.99 0.19 0.900 0.840 30 0.431 0.824 TP14 7.10 1.02 1.78 3.70 6.94 3.39 0.246 1.21 0.948 35 0.405 0.680 TP15 5.80 0.410 1.14 2.31 5.20 2.73 0.20 0.828 0.792 60 0.337 0.696 TP16 6.54 0.792 1.57 4.00 6.44 3.30 0.289 1.06 0.942 20 0.600 0.694 TP17 6.13 1.32 0.918 2.88 5.70 3.01 0.268 0.882 0.786 35 0.436 0.643 TP18 6.10 0.316 1.04 3.58 6.04 3.11 0.243 1.02 0.966 40 0.484 0.766 TP20 5.59 0.292 1.13 3.82 4.89 2.46 0.17 0.966 0.852 40 0.313 0.643 TP22 5.85 0.431 0.978 3.48 5.48 2.67 0.22 0.924 0.840 60 0.458 0.846 TP23 5.72 0.636 1.09 2.58 5.52 2.75 0.243 0.900 0.786 55 0.383 0.728 TP25 6.28 0.453 1.09 3.59 6.01 3.09 0.248 0.960 0.876 50 0.362 0.704 TP26 5.72 0.316 0.912 3.80 5.22 2.90 0.207 0.972 0.906 40 0.463 0.730 TP27 5.40 0.422 1.03 2.22 5.72 3.12 0.243 0.720 0.678 30 0.458 0.696 TP28 7.12 0.535 1.18 3.68 6.43 3.00 0.241 1.02 0.822 60 0.509 0.868 TP29 7.63 0.643 1.34 4.16 6.77 2.80 0.243 1.13 0.894 85 0.289 0.892 TP30 6.38 0.407 0.924 3.47 5.80 2.40 0.22 1.10 0.858 60 0.241 0.675 TP31 7.24 0.603 1.09 3.27 6.37 2.71 0.22 1.11 0.792 30 0.349 0.844 TP32 6.50 0.629 1.12 3.86 6.13 2.78 0.22 1.19 0.768 85 0.390 0.889 TP33 6.45 0.468 1.16 3.29 6.04 2.61 0.241 1.01 0.780 70 0.364 0.841 TP34 5.79 0.470 1.06 2.31 5.41 2.47 0.14 1.03 0.666 60 0.280 0.725 TP35 6.96 0.554 1.04 3.08 6.31 2.94 0.17 1.12 0.618 80 0.333 0.822 TP37 6.01 0.530 0.750 3.13 5.16 2.79 0.243 0.840 0.726 30 0.313 0.627 TP38 5.82 0.393 1.08 3.30 5.29 2.33 0.22 1.13 0.732 50 0.412 0.925 TP40 6.48 0.606 1.52 4.40 6.32 3.32 0.20 1.03 0.840 10 0.386 0.557 TP41 5.51 0.436 1.02 3.69 5.40 2.38 0.282 1.09 0.786 75 0.439 0.812 TP42 4.61 0.22 0.684 2.47 4.40 2.09 0.17 0.942 0.774 70 0.21 0.704 TP43 5.92 0.441 1.25 3.37 5.59 3.10 0.22 1.06 0.978 40 0.335 0.453 TP44 6.88 0.439 1.07 4.11 6.40 3.42 0.362 1.10 0.984 20 0.504 0.771 TP45 6.68 0.562 0.948 3.17 6.80 3.48 0.22 0.942 0.834 40 0.410 0.670

104

Appendix 3 continued. Keel Keel Keel KeelW KeelW ConF ConF ConFil Anth Anth FFi Tag Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar ilLe ilWi FuLe Le Wi lLe OvLe OvWi TB1 4.20 2.41 0.25 1.22 0.972 3.91 1.48 3.06 0.20 0.17 3.11 2.24 0.966 TB2 4.74 2.91 0.265 1.40 1.13 4.61 1.40 3.52 0.21 0.18 4.29 3.21 0.786 TB3 3.60 2.03 0.19 1.04 0.704 3.62 1.11 2.60 0.20 0.15 3.23 2.12 0.535 TB5 4.68 2.81 0.17 1.11 0.766 4.01 1.26 2.90 0.20 0.20 3.80 2.92 0.99 TB6 4.22 2.38 0.19 1.26 1.08 4.01 1.37 3.05 0.20 0.15 3.44 2.51 2.00 TB8 3.99 2.38 0.246 1.23 0.868 4.07 1.16 2.80 0.19 0.17 3.56 2.52 0.699 TB9 3.43 1.56 0.260 0.959 0.636 3.21 1.22 2.33 0.17 0.17 2.66 2.65 0.70 TB10 4.48 2.56 0.311 1.38 1.03 4.09 1.45 3.00 0.20 0.17 3.80 3.11 1.11 TB11 4.61 2.64 0.243 1.22 0.991 4.36 1.45 3.10 0.19 0.17 4.13 2.45 0.600 TB13 4.83 2.91 0.316 1.43 0.988 4.70 1.30 3.58 0.18 0.19 4.46 3.77 1.41 TB14 4.17 2.25 0.287 1.33 0.969 4.25 1.45 3.28 0.21 0.22 3.35 2.70 0.605 TB15 4.91 2.82 0.284 1.33 0.803 4.68 1.42 3.52 0.255 0.24 4.32 3.30 0.966 TB16 4.31 2.47 0.217 1.22 0.672 4.03 1.52 2.95 0.17 0.15 3.73 2.82 0.822 TB17 4.57 2.68 0.243 1.16 0.972 3.99 1.43 3.05 0.20 0.22 3.51 2.81 0.828 TB19 5.13 3.06 0.246 1.15 0.960 4.68 1.20 3.60 0.20 0.15 4.23 3.25 0.750 TB20 4.52 2.74 0.268 1.33 1.09 4.21 1.40 3.23 0.18 0.17 3.78 2.77 0.792 TB21 4.53 2.78 0.24 1.22 0.954 4.32 1.33 3.11 0.20 0.14 3.83 3.56 1.26 TB22 3.99 2.28 0.275 1.21 0.942 3.66 1.32 2.73 0.19 0.13 3.20 2.22 0.840 TB23 4.70 2.76 0.22 0.954 0.720 4.21 1.22 3.06 0.17 0.15 3.71 2.52 0.636 TB26 4.50 2.70 0.18 1.32 1.03 4.20 1.29 3.33 0.21 0.22 3.18 2.32 0.557 TB27 4.53 2.70 0.243 1.30 1.02 4.19 1.47 3.12 0.15 0.17 3.67 3.73 1.39 TB28 4.70 2.69 0.335 1.29 0.942 3.87 1.11 2.79 0.20 0.15 3.73 2.56 0.780 TB29 4.02 2.27 0.246 1.18 0.986 3.92 1.17 2.87 0.19 0.19 3.56 2.70 0.846 TB30 4.41 2.50 0.20 1.11 0.780 4.11 1.21 3.10 0.16 0.15 3.40 3.73 1.59 TB31 4.53 2.75 0.282 1.24 0.894 4.52 1.39 3.23 0.241 0.16 3.95 3.27 1.01 TB32 4.30 2.60 0.265 1.13 0.780 4.17 1.49 3.01 0.18 0.15 3.70 2.79 0.714 TB33 3.79 2.30 0.17 1.03 0.774 4.11 1.17 2.96 0.17 0.13 3.47 2.43 0.600 TC1 5.19 3.24 0.21 1.24 0.906 5.01 1.49 3.69 0.243 0.22 4.40 4.01 1.59 TC3 6.55 4.10 0.335 1.37 0.993 5.93 1.64 3.59 0.292 0.268 5.35 2.35 0.957 TC4 6.90 4.23 0.378 1.68 1.09 6.420 1.86 4.72 0.359 0.241 6.12 2.93 1.13 TC5 5.63 3.47 0.248 1.37 0.771 4.88 1.14 3.45 0.246 0.22 4.98 2.89 0.790 TC6 6.62 4.24 0.362 1.34 0.844 5.79 1.66 4.13 0.294 0.22 5.25 2.53 0.906 TC7 5.55 3.38 0.335 1.72 1.09 5.58 1.50 3.92 0.294 0.246 4.81 2.56 0.720 TC8 5.62 3.40 0.241 1.21 0.774 5.39 1.50 3.83 0.22 0.263 4.82 2.50 0.780 TC9 5.82 3.70 0.21 1.12 0.732 5.50 1.30 4.06 0.23 0.22 4.50 2.85 1.06 TC10 7.29 4.50 0.383 1.79 1.22 6.70 1.89 5.20 0.342 0.20 6.41 3.14 1.20 TC12 6.49 3.91 0.316 1.43 1.18 5.69 1.80 4.08 0.316 0.313 5.29 3.10 1.59 TC13 6.92 4.32 0.275 1.49 0.966 6.78 1.70 5.19 0.364 0.265 5.98 2.94 0.966 TC14 5.83 3.89 0.263 1.32 0.906 5.71 1.35 4.33 0.248 0.265 5.02 3.60 1.69 TC17 6.13 3.74 0.265 1.26 0.894 5.47 1.53 4.00 0.20 0.24 4.87 2.70 0.960 TC20 5.54 3.28 0.330 1.41 0.906 5.47 1.40 3.90 0.316 0.265 4.61 2.36 0.948 TC21 6.51 4.00 0.265 1.33 1.06 5.94 1.60 4.31 0.294 0.20 5.38 3.02 0.966 TC23 5.79 3.09 0.292 1.61 1.04 5.09 1.39 3.62 0.268 0.23 4.20 2.51 1.18 TC25 5.61 3.19 0.263 1.45 1.04 5.23 1.50 3.60 0.253 0.268 4.46 2.23 1.07 TC30 6.03 3.59 0.381 1.41 1.08 5.62 1.51 3.83 0.340 0.308 3.73 2.11 0.714 TC31 6.14 3.74 0.412 1.38 1.02 5.59 1.43 4.09 0.313 0.263 4.39 2.41 1.09 TC32 6.60 3.99 0.313 1.70 1.13 6.33 1.50 4.45 0.294 0.22 4.88 2.69 1.12 TC33 5.89 3.31 0.386 1.44 0.966 5.61 1.43 4.13 0.275 0.19 5.01 2.33 1.11 TC34 5.60 3.29 0.284 1.30 1.03 5.38 1.73 3.91 0.243 0.22 4.56 2.61 1.20 TG1 5.39 3.17 0.22 1.14 0.824 4.75 1.26 3.63 0.270 0.22 4.10 2.98 0.852

105

Appendix 3 continued. Keel Keel Keel KeelW KeelW ConF ConF ConFil Anth Anth FFi Tag Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar ilLe ilWi FuLe Le Wi lLe OvLe OvWi TG2 6.150 3.74 0.24 1.34 0.964 5.35 1.27 4.06 0.29 0.243 4.30 2.53 0.800 TG4 5.41 3.37 0.22 1.14 0.721 4.72 1.21 3.51 0.241 0.241 4.31 2.51 1.11 TG5 5.79 3.48 0.313 1.11 0.884 5.33 1.41 4.13 0.22 0.21 4.98 2.47 0.986 TG6 6.11 3.61 0.265 1.26 0.887 5.39 1.31 4.07 0.23 0.287 4.52 2.71 0.991 TG7 5.68 3.53 0.248 1.13 0.769 4.97 1.14 3.60 0.246 0.20 3.84 2.09 0.701 TG8 6.04 3.50 0.246 1.33 0.726 5.57 1.24 4.15 0.313 0.24 3.95 2.65 0.852 TG9 5.33 3.21 0.21 1.03 0.774 4.81 1.11 3.70 0.20 0.20 3.92 2.72 1.02 TG10 5.63 3.49 0.265 1.20 0.888 5.30 1.58 3.93 0.294 0.24 4.42 2.51 1.01 TG11 4.24 2.58 0.268 1.12 0.846 3.80 1.11 2.87 0.22 0.251 3.11 2.01 0.726 TG13 4.60 2.90 0.186 1.02 0.660 4.21 1.00 3.10 0.20 0.19 3.25 2.22 0.900 TG15 4.50 2.71 0.19 1.03 0.768 4.04 1.01 2.78 0.22 0.21 3.30 2.97 1.30 TG16 5.01 3.08 0.21 1.30 1.01 4.37 1.14 3.31 0.345 0.243 3.50 3.33 1.30 TG17 5.24 3.26 0.22 1.17 0.864 4.72 1.07 3.71 0.313 0.22 4.09 2.41 0.882 TG18 6.61 4.23 0.251 1.13 0.774 6.04 1.37 4.70 0.241 0.22 5.60 3.12 1.09 TG20 4.52 2.39 0.241 0.840 0.690 4.04 1.02 2.89 0.17 0.20 2.72 2.02 0.607 TG21 4.38 2.50 0.22 0.960 0.666 3.95 0.960 2.80 0.22 0.22 3.20 2.14 0.666 TG22 4.78 2.65 0.20 0.960 0.720 4.27 1.00 3.22 0.22 0.241 3.60 1.80 0.600 TG23 5.76 3.54 0.21 1.21 0.774 5.40 1.04 3.80 0.243 0.24 4.48 2.30 0.786 TG24 4.33 2.37 0.241 1.02 0.666 3.88 1.18 2.93 0.243 0.253 2.86 2.29 0.720 TG25 4.80 2.99 0.19 0.912 0.714 4.22 1.18 3.37 0.246 0.16 3.67 2.77 1.09 TG26 6.41 4.01 0.243 1.38 0.960 6.08 1.31 4.38 0.398 0.15 4.68 2.94 0.912 TG27 5.87 3.48 0.340 1.21 0.858 5.22 1.40 3.70 0.289 0.22 4.39 2.79 0.978 TG28 5.40 3.20 0.20 0.888 0.694 4.97 1.13 3.76 0.21 0.17 4.03 3.28 1.48 TG29 6.16 3.78 0.243 1.33 0.876 5.47 1.37 3.96 0.313 0.304 4.30 2.85 1.07 TG31 4.21 2.43 0.19 1.01 0.672 3.64 1.08 2.46 0.265 0.21 3.02 3.42 1.60 TG32 4.60 2.60 0.243 1.09 0.702 4.03 0.912 2.71 0.20 0.22 3.46 1.97 0.654 TG33 3.93 2.12 0.239 0.942 0.612 3.51 0.954 2.46 0.265 0.20 2.93 2.93 1.32 TG36 4.30 2.07 0.18 0.834 0.605 3.68 1.10 2.62 0.272 0.22 2.83 3.42 1.20 TG38 5.73 3.39 0.292 1.26 0.840 5.31 1.11 3.91 0.246 0.253 4.34 3.29 1.26 TG40 5.16 3.11 0.224 1.21 0.900 4.60 1.30 3.53 0.289 0.243 4.02 2.75 1.07 TG42 3.06 1.76 0.15 0.618 0.455 2.63 0.906 1.81 0.22 0.17 2.10 1.77 0.720 TG43 4.43 2.37 0.241 1.02 0.774 3.92 1.11 2.80 0.19 0.22 2.77 2.40 0.948 TG44 4.08 2.20 0.239 1.12 0.744 3.70 1.18 2.59 0.20 0.19 2.81 3.11 1.48 TG45 4.60 2.61 0.340 1.09 0.852 4.36 1.32 3.21 0.289 0.23 3.73 3.48 1.63 TG48 4.51 2.62 0.15 0.888 0.600 3.94 0.960 2.81 0.22 0.22 2.96 2.22 0.792 TG49 5.10 2.81 0.241 1.10 0.738 4.38 1.25 2.95 0.23 0.17 3.68 4.14 2.19 TG50 3.64 1.91 0.270 0.906 0.606 3.37 1.01 2.30 0.265 0.22 2.62 2.39 0.960 TG52 4.32 2.49 0.21 1.02 0.654 3.90 1.06 2.82 0.21 0.22 3.30 2.67 0.942 TG53 5.31 3.20 0.21 1.14 0.780 5.20 1.31 3.69 0.272 0.22 4.01 3.51 1.01 TG54 4.10 2.27 0.19 0.972 0.732 3.84 1.06 2.75 0.255 0.20 3.03 3.02 1.04 TG55 5.33 3.40 0.294 1.12 0.738 4.70 1.42 3.67 0.243 0.23 4.19 2.86 1.30 TG59 6.21 3.67 0.234 1.30 0.978 5.59 1.24 3.91 0.255 0.22 4.17 3.34 1.35 TG60 4.70 2.71 0.18 0.816 0.660 4.17 1.01 2.84 0.20 0.18 2.61 3.99 1.31 TG61 5.28 3.22 0.23 1.03 0.696 4.52 1.13 3.39 0.22 0.20 3.60 3.90 1.80 TG67 5.84 3.50 0.20 1.06 0.792 5.17 1.10 3.91 0.20 0.20 3.76 3.80 1.70 TG69 5.40 3.30 0.333 1.19 0.792 5.17 1.40 4.03 0.241 0.20 4.42 3.08 0.906 TG70 5.84 3.67 0.268 1.13 0.900 5.28 1.41 3.91 0.265 0.22 4.73 3.30 1.20 TG72 4.79 3.20 0.21 1.13 0.894 4.70 1.01 3.60 0.19 0.20 3.89 2.61 0.960 TG73 6.12 3.63 0.22 1.27 0.834 5.50 1.08 4.03 0.333 0.270 4.81 3.40 1.32 TG75 5.11 2.88 0.265 1.01 0.714 4.47 1.18 2.99 0.22 0.17 4.01 2.80 1.10

106

Appendix 3 continued. Keel Keel Keel KeelW KeelW ConF ConF ConFil Anth Anth FFi Tag Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar ilLe ilWi FuLe Le Wi lLe OvLe OvWi TG76 5.50 3.37 0.17 1.17 0.828 5.07 1.20 3.37 0.23 0.19 4.20 4.27 2.01 TG77 4.12 2.20 0.21 1.02 0.858 3.70 1.21 2.59 0.270 0.246 2.75 2.01 0.774 TG78 4.88 2.97 0.241 1.08 0.714 4.59 1.27 3.38 0.243 0.20 3.88 2.71 1.10 TO1 5.12 3.56 0.241 0.913 0.482 4.61 0.824 3.67 0.19 0.18 4.17 1.94 0.829 TO2 5.40 3.62 0.241 1.13 0.53 4.90 1.01 3.80 0.24 0.23 4.27 2.36 0.53 TO3 5.00 3.40 0.20 0.954 0.607 4.93 0.912 3.84 0.243 0.19 4.35 1.97 0.600 TO4 5.05 3.50 0.15 0.876 0.446 4.73 1.03 3.97 0.21 0.22 4.40 2.22 0.738 TO5 4.88 3.28 0.313 0.852 0.509 4.51 1.01 3.42 0.20 0.18 4.50 3.62 2.44 TO7 4.02 2.40 0.17 0.912 0.498 3.60 0.618 2.58 0.22 0.15 2.98 2.15 0.492 TO8 5.01 3.31 0.311 0.960 0.504 4.50 0.900 3.50 0.20 0.20 4.11 2.30 0.942 TO9 5.04 3.48 0.169 0.780 0.455 4.62 0.960 3.63 0.15 0.17 4.19 2.33 1.02 TO10 5.21 3.39 0.20 0.876 0.484 5.01 1.01 3.65 0.19 0.19 4.10 2.00 0.612 TO11 5.21 3.72 0.14 0.846 0.636 4.21 0.942 3.41 0.20 0.22 4.30 2.05 0.618 TO12 5.20 3.34 0.11 0.900 0.605 4.71 0.696 3.41 0.21 0.23 4.20 1.81 0.460 TO13 5.00 3.50 0.22 0.960 0.453 5.15 0.942 3.91 0.24 0.21 4.18 2.31 0.840 TO14 4.77 3.05 0.17 1.17 0.564 4.40 0.846 3.25 0.248 0.23 3.00 2.15 0.834 TO15 5.30 3.48 0.22 0.828 0.542 5.22 1.08 3.82 0.18 0.17 4.52 3.00 1.28 TO16 5.09 3.40 0.19 0.930 0.511 4.78 1.34 3.81 0.20 0.19 4.64 2.91 1.40 TO17 5.12 3.49 0.270 0.774 0.559 4.62 0.948 3.64 0.18 0.18 4.12 2.77 1.33 TO18 5.73 4.03 0.265 1.09 0.552 5.79 1.14 4.15 0.22 0.20 4.82 2.52 1.00 TO20 4.65 3.14 0.22 0.894 0.530 4.74 0.960 3.67 0.19 0.14 4.30 2.70 1.12 TO21 5.08 3.43 0.12 0.834 0.552 4.93 0.798 3.70 0.22 0.21 3.94 2.20 0.882 TO22 5.15 3.60 0.22 0.840 0.484 4.92 0.906 3.73 0.20 0.17 4.23 2.83 1.50 TO23 5.22 3.59 0.17 0.852 0.530 4.95 0.876 3.80 0.21 0.16 4.63 2.27 0.840 TO24 5.14 3.45 0.289 1.10 0.530 5.04 1.16 3.80 0.263 0.22 4.33 2.45 1.20 TO25 5.58 3.76 0.21 0.780 0.398 5.22 0.936 4.15 0.19 0.20 4.46 2.90 1.37 TO26 5.87 3.90 0.15 0.780 0.405 5.62 0.924 4.15 0.268 0.23 5.09 2.60 0.912 TO27 6.13 4.11 0.18 0.798 0.410 5.50 1.20 4.13 0.23 0.246 4.70 2.61 0.894 TO28 4.87 3.16 0.19 0.828 0.410 4.64 0.840 3.50 0.255 0.260 4.22 2.23 0.834 TO29 5.97 3.91 0.15 1.11 0.528 5.72 1.12 4.04 0.263 0.22 5.01 2.59 0.834 TO30 5.78 3.96 0.099 0.942 0.557 5.30 1.01 4.19 0.248 0.21 4.86 2.62 0.900 TO31 5.82 3.82 0.22 1.09 0.492 5.28 0.984 4.20 0.243 0.17 4.83 2.22 0.840 TO32 5.95 4.03 0.313 0.966 0.460 5.53 1.03 4.43 0.20 0.20 5.08 3.31 1.48 TO33 6.29 4.34 0.072 0.912 0.525 5.61 0.916 4.68 0.243 0.20 4.83 2.41 0.618 TO34 4.88 3.12 0.14 1.04 0.381 4.50 1.03 3.35 0.246 0.20 3.80 2.06 0.535 TO35 6.00 4.11 0.19 0.990 0.431 5.62 1.05 4.10 0.23 0.21 5.10 1.96 0.738 TO36 5.77 3.86 0.21 0.786 0.407 5.61 0.852 4.16 0.241 0.243 4.12 2.50 0.876 TO38 5.28 3.64 0.12 0.954 0.352 4.78 1.03 3.49 0.243 0.21 3.91 2.43 1.08 TO39 5.87 3.94 0.17 0.786 0.342 5.29 0.864 4.03 0.268 0.241 4.67 3.03 1.62 TO40 5.74 3.74 0.15 0.966 0.460 5.23 0.840 4.26 0.243 0.19 4.66 2.32 0.583 TO42 5.53 3.70 0.241 0.786 0.460 5.02 0.906 4.16 0.19 0.21 4.16 3.20 1.70 TO43 5.10 3.61 0.23 0.822 0.472 4.85 0.960 3.73 0.17 0.19 4.30 3.37 1.53 TO45 5.52 3.76 0.15 0.798 0.482 5.30 0.942 4.02 0.22 0.20 4.19 1.93 0.690 TO46 5.26 3.66 0.292 0.972 0.427 5.10 0.906 3.85 0.22 0.22 4.09 2.08 0.554 TO47 4.89 3.31 0.19 0.816 0.480 4.70 1.01 3.90 0.19 0.19 4.03 2.51 1.22 TO48 5.21 3.55 0.12 0.810 0.499 4.79 1.01 3.61 0.21 0.241 4.12 2.22 0.762 TO49 5.81 4.18 0.14 0.732 0.434 5.26 0.900 4.20 0.20 0.22 4.81 2.21 0.768 TO50 5.34 3.84 0.12 0.858 0.482 5.02 0.954 4.09 0.15 0.15 4.23 2.07 0.606 TO51 4.79 3.13 0.14 0.792 0.443 4.52 0.912 3.56 0.19 0.20 4.00 3.21 1.41 TO52 5.48 3.92 0.18 0.900 0.402 5.21 1.02 3.84 0.20 0.17 4.33 2.60 1.10

107

Appendix 3 continued. Keel Keel Keel KeelW KeelW ConF ConF ConFil Anth Anth FFi Tag Le ClLe ClWi iWide iNar ilLe ilWi FuLe Le Wi lLe OvLe OvWi TO53 5.31 3.68 0.23 0.954 0.600 5.03 0.906 3.85 0.14 0.17 4.62 3.08 1.34 TO54 5.80 3.93 0.270 0.900 0.533 5.31 1.20 4.13 0.24 0.20 4.77 3.06 1.59 TP1 6.26 3.50 0.321 1.50 1.01 5.83 1.75 4.09 0.268 0.260 5.54 3.52 1.69 TP3 6.35 3.36 0.318 1.30 1.01 5.43 1.41 3.64 0.311 0.20 4.88 3.01 1.18 TP4 5.31 2.92 0.318 1.34 1.01 4.83 1.35 3.16 0.280 0.22 4.14 3.11 1.31 TP6 5.90 3.01 0.352 1.28 0.966 5.51 1.60 3.61 0.337 0.246 4.89 3.92 1.91 TP7 4.54 2.61 0.366 1.22 0.900 4.45 1.31 2.89 0.22 0.22 3.99 2.04 0.840 TP8 5.93 3.10 0.340 1.22 0.960 5.59 1.81 3.54 0.294 0.289 4.44 4.59 2.34 TP9 5.60 2.35 0.376 1.38 1.07 5.02 1.31 3.29 0.345 0.243 4.58 3.77 1.42 TP10 5.84 3.21 0.364 1.45 1.04 5.29 1.52 3.38 0.337 0.22 4.46 3.92 1.83 TP12 5.69 3.12 0.282 1.31 0.894 5.53 1.51 3.43 0.263 0.284 4.88 2.44 0.678 TP14 6.01 3.41 0.294 1.62 1.10 5.40 1.67 3.91 0.289 0.24 4.98 4.43 2.21 TP15 5.08 2.93 0.289 1.22 0.930 4.30 1.40 3.32 0.21 0.18 4.12 3.69 2.24 TP16 6.11 3.50 0.359 1.51 1.13 5.57 2.03 4.07 0.284 0.268 5.00 3.76 1.30 TP17 5.49 3.13 0.359 1.34 0.954 5.27 1.49 3.76 0.292 0.20 4.63 3.42 1.49 TP18 5.49 3.01 0.337 1.39 1.01 4.98 1.40 3.60 0.22 0.19 4.62 4.62 2.12 TP20 4.82 2.59 0.292 1.33 0.978 4.63 1.34 3.03 0.265 0.19 4.10 2.65 1.43 TP22 5.26 2.93 0.272 1.38 0.960 4.91 1.21 3.56 0.292 0.20 4.37 2.33 0.948 TP23 5.23 3.04 0.241 1.36 0.906 4.90 1.28 3.42 0.272 0.22 4.41 2.21 0.906 TP25 5.31 3.23 0.316 1.59 1.18 5.59 1.56 3.69 0.22 0.19 4.54 3.05 1.29 TP26 5.74 3.14 0.347 1.31 1.00 5.04 1.59 3.10 0.289 0.24 4.20 2.63 0.984 TP27 5.43 3.16 0.299 1.20 0.906 5.04 1.61 3.73 0.248 0.20 4.56 2.66 1.07 TP28 6.05 2.93 0.20 1.31 0.834 5.42 1.47 3.52 0.268 0.19 4.30 3.70 1.43 TP29 6.17 3.21 0.251 1.36 0.822 5.51 1.25 3.82 0.316 0.22 4.62 3.69 1.49 TP30 5.59 2.77 0.287 1.30 0.786 4.83 1.41 3.25 0.284 0.21 4.20 2.97 1.32 TP31 5.76 2.90 0.255 1.38 0.726 5.22 1.17 3.37 0.313 0.24 4.21 2.37 0.702 TP32 5.61 2.94 0.289 1.33 0.756 5.31 1.30 3.47 0.289 0.20 4.50 3.40 1.35 TP33 5.63 2.82 0.22 1.23 0.780 4.82 1.33 3.28 0.289 0.22 4.10 3.10 1.40 TP34 5.23 2.74 0.241 1.21 0.624 4.61 1.10 2.92 0.287 0.17 3.93 2.21 0.606 TP35 6.23 3.30 0.294 1.31 0.654 5.53 1.23 3.73 0.263 0.219 4.70 2.73 0.714 TP37 5.31 3.01 0.289 1.24 0.828 5.13 1.63 3.21 0.22 0.18 4.13 2.94 1.22 TP38 5.13 2.63 0.268 1.29 0.786 4.63 1.36 2.98 0.284 0.20 4.13 2.71 0.882 TP40 5.97 3.50 0.289 1.37 0.846 5.32 1.60 3.82 0.268 0.22 4.92 3.10 1.25 TP41 5.48 2.81 0.292 1.43 1.08 4.56 1.75 3.02 0.342 0.265 4.03 2.93 1.23 TP42 4.30 2.34 0.241 1.28 0.864 4.08 1.06 2.63 0.243 0.20 3.29 1.80 0.574 TP43 5.62 3.30 0.23 1.29 0.840 5.30 1.40 3.78 0.263 0.265 4.49 2.59 1.37 TP44 5.84 3.58 0.340 1.61 1.21 5.82 1.60 4.29 0.265 0.24 4.69 3.03 1.20 TP45 5.91 3.36 0.268 1.48 0.834 5.35 1.30 3.72 0.316 0.265 4.72 3.87 1.71

108

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag StyLe StyDi OvuNo TB1 1.29 0.070 1 TB2 1.51 0.15 2 TB3 1.54 0.096 2 TB5 1.50 0.12 1 TB6 1.36 0.12 2 TB8 1.56 0.12 2 TB9 0.942 0.12 2 TB10 1.47 0.10 1 TB11 1.93 0.22 2 TB13 1.69 0.094 1 TB14 1.58 0.16 2 TB15 1.79 0.128 2 TB16 1.57 0.14 2 TB17 1.47 0.094 2 TB19 1.44 0.080 2 TB20 1.30 0.10 2 TB21 1.34 0.096 1 TB22 1.27 0.094 2 TB23 1.51 0.10 2 TB26 1.62 0.12 2 TB27 1.30 0.11 1 TB28 1.58 0.17 2 TB29 1.28 0.17 2 TB30 1.22 0.070 2 TB31 1.45 0.14 2 TB32 1.43 0.11 2 TB33 1.28 0.12 2 TC1 1.80 0.077 1 TC3 3.18 0.14 2 TC4 3.40 0.20 2 TC5 2.39 0.15 1 TC6 3.20 0.19 2 TC7 3.29 0.270 2 TC8 2.82 0.21 2 TC9 2.70 0.12 2 TC10 3.48 0.12 2 TC12 3.31 0.270 2 TC13 3.06 0.12 2 TC14 2.80 0.15 1 TC17 2.91 0.14 2 TC20 2.81 0.15 2 TC21 2.52 0.17 2 TC23 2.93 0.18 2 TC25 2.72 0.15 2 TC30 3.30 0.20 2 TC31 3.23 0.17 2 TC32 3.22 0.15 2 TC33 2.92 0.19 2 TC34 3.07 0.15 2 TG1 2.51 0.13 2 TG2 2.44 0.17 2

109

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag StyLe StyDi OvuNo TG4 2.30 0.17 2 TG5 3.22 0.12 2 TG6 2.71 0.17 2 TG7 2.90 0.15 2 TG8 2.82 0.14 2 TG9 2.20 0.12 2 TG10 2.51 0.15 2 TG11 1.88 0.14 2 TG13 2.13 0.15 2 TG15 1.78 0.14 2 TG16 1.74 0.17 3 TG17 2.42 0.13 2 TG18 3.09 0.14 2 TG20 1.70 0.12 2 TG21 1.91 0.12 2 TG22 2.52 0.19 2 TG23 3.09 0.17 2 TG24 1.79 0.10 2 TG25 1.79 0.12 2 TG26 2.89 0.14 2 TG27 2.27 0.16 2 TG28 2.31 0.10 2 TG29 2.85 0.13 2 TG31 1.13 0.094 2 TG32 2.12 0.13 2 TG33 1.07 0.12 2 TG36 1.51 0.099 2 TG38 2.40 0.14 2 TG40 1.94 0.17 2 TG42 1.20 0.099 2 TG43 1.78 0.16 2 TG44 1.30 0.10 2 TG45 1.41 0.092 2 TG48 1.80 0.12 2 TG49 2.21 0.13 2 TG50 1.48 0.11 2 TG52 1.52 0.15 2 TG53 2.42 0.13 2 TG54 1.02 0.12 2 TG55 2.22 0.12 2 TG59 2.30 0.18 2 TG60 1.58 0.12 2 TG61 2.00 0.14 2 TG67 1.98 0.099 2 TG69 2.11 0.094 2 TG70 2.37 0.15 2 TG72 2.00 0.099 2 TG73 2.63 0.14 2 TG75 2.49 0.14 2 TG76 1.46 0.12 2 TG77 1.80 0.13 2

110

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag StyLe StyDi OvuNo TG78 2.08 0.17 2 TO1 2.69 0.080 2 TO2 2.58 0.12 2 TO3 2.98 0.14 2 TO4 2.69 0.072 2 TO5 1.93 0.077 2 TO7 1.68 0.12 2 TO8 2.66 0.10 2 TO9 2.81 0.12 2 TO10 2.71 0.12 2 TO11 3.03 0.10 2 TO12 2.92 0.15 2 TO13 3.13 0.19 2 TO14 2.43 0.11 2 TO15 2.50 0.10 2 TO16 2.42 0.15 2 TO17 2.43 0.080 2 TO18 3.07 0.11 2 TO20 2.43 0.12 2 TO21 2.30 0.075 2 TO22 2.79 0.077 2 TO23 2.44 0.12 2 TO24 2.76 0.13 2 TO25 2.53 0.14 2 TO26 3.44 0.19 2 TO27 3.21 0.17 2 TO28 2.72 0.14 2 TO29 3.23 0.14 2 TO30 2.91 0.14 2 TO31 2.90 0.14 2 TO32 2.88 0.12 2 TO33 3.30 0.11 2 TO34 2.42 0.14 2 TO35 3.21 0.17 2 TO36 3.06 0.10 2 TO38 2.70 0.14 2 TO39 2.37 0.12 2 TO40 2.73 0.14 2 TO42 2.70 0.12 2 TO43 2.39 0.096 2 TO45 3.22 0.13 2 TO46 2.80 0.11 2 TO47 2.40 0.17 2 TO48 2.58 0.11 2 TO49 3.40 0.15 2 TO50 3.01 0.10 2 TO51 2.02 0.096 2 TO52 2.71 0.094 2 TO53 2.31 0.099 2 TO54 2.30 0.14 2 TP1 3.54 0.17 2

111

Appendix 3 continued.

Tag StyLe StyDi OvuNo TP3 2.64 0.17 2 TP4 2.23 0.12 2 TP6 2.71 0.14 2 TP7 2.22 0.17 2 TP8 1.74 0.13 2 TP9 2.22 0.15 2 TP10 1.99 0.075 2 TP12 3.02 0.17 2 TP14 2.58 0.14 2 TP15 2.44 0.12 2 TP16 2.41 0.12 2 TP17 2.88 0.12 2 TP18 2.69 0.099 2 TP20 2.38 0.14 2 TP22 3.02 0.14 2 TP23 2.63 0.15 2 TP25 2.52 0.16 2 TP26 2.22 0.11 2 TP27 2.52 0.14 2 TP28 2.04 0.12 2 TP29 2.59 0.12 2 TP30 2.23 0.14 2 TP31 2.47 0.13 2 TP32 2.37 0.13 2 TP33 2.24 0.099 2 TP34 2.42 0.10 2 TP35 2.70 0.13 2 TP37 2.48 0.17 2 TP38 2.10 0.17 2 TP40 3.11 0.13 2 TP41 1.88 0.14 2 TP42 2.53 0.13 2 TP43 2.32 0.13 2 TP44 2.41 0.14 2 TP45 2.90 0.12 2

112

Appendix 4. Table of qualitative and quantitative data not used in statistical analyses. Linear measurements are in mm, and angular measurements are in degrees.

Lif Deg Int Nod Sti StiAp Sti StiAd StiAb Tag His Ro RoDi Ste Bran Pub Pub Shap Shap LoLe Pub Pub StiMar TB1 A Sm 1.19 Er M G G El Act 2.68 G G E-Se TB10 A Me 0.900 Er L G G El At 0 G G E TB11 A Sm 0.581 Er L G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TB13 A Sm 0.506 Er N S S El At 0 G M E TB14 A Me 1.24 Er-As H G G Ln-El At 0 G G E TB15 A Sm 1.29 Er L G G El Act 0 G G E TB16 A Sm 0.606 Er L G G El At 0 G G E TB17 A Sm 0.654 Er L S S El At 0 G G E TB19 A Sm 0.612 Er L G G El At 0 G G E TB2 A Sm 0.622 Er L G G El Act 0 G G E, Hy TB20 A La 1.27 Er-As M G G Ov Acm 0 G G E TB21 A Sm 0.864 Er L G G El Acm 0 G G E TB22 A Sm NA Er M G G El Acm 0 G G E TB23 A Me 0.978 Er L M M El At 0 G G E TB26 A Sm 0.834 Er-As L G G El At 0 G G E TB27 A Sm 0.666 Er L S S El At 0 G G E TB28 A Sm 0.436 Er N G G El At 0 G G E TB29 A Sm 0.900 Er-As H G G El At 1.37 G G E-Lc TB3 A Sm 1.44 Er M G G El At 0 G G E TB30 A Sm 0.954 Er M G G Ln Act 0 G G E TB31 A Sm 0.948 Er H G G El At 0 G G E TB32 A Sm 0.463 Pr L G G El At 0 G G E TB33 A Sm 0.690 Er M G G Ln Act 0 G G E TB5 A Sm 0.487 Er L G G El Acm 0 G G E TB6 A Me 1.39 Er L G G El Act 0 G G E TB8 A Sm 0.542 Er N G G El At 0 G G E TB9 A NA NA Er N G G El Acm 0 G G E, Hy TC1 A Me 0.774 Er L S G El At 0 G G E, Hy TC10 A Sm 0.900 Er L G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TC12 A Sm 0.948 Er-As N G G El At 0 G G E TC13 A La 2.89 Er H G G El At 0 G G E TC14 A Me 1.30 Pr M G G El At 0 G G E TC17 A Sm NA Er L S S NEl-Fa Act 0 G G E, Hy TC20 A Me 1.36 Er L G G NEl At 0 G G E, Hy TC21 A NA NA Er-As N G G El-Fa Act 0 G G E, Hy TC23 A Sm 0.666 As-Er N G G NEl At 0 G G E, Hy TC25 A Me 1.02 Er L G G El Act 0 G G E TC3 A Me 1.64 Er M G G Li-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TC30 A La 1.38 As-Er H S S El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TC31 A Me 1.09 Er L M M Li-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TC32 A Me 1.31 Pr L M M Fa-Li Act 0 G G E, Hy TC33 A Me 1.13 As L M S El-Fa Act 0 G G E TC34 A Me 1.12 Er M G G El Act 0 G G E-Se, Hy TC4 A Sm 1.07 As L G G Fa-El At 0 G G E TC5 A Me 1.81 As M G G El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TC6 A Sm 0.858 Er N G G El At 0 G G E TC7 A Sm 0.960 Er N G G El-Fa At 0 G G E TC8 A Sm 0.774 Er L G S El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TC9 A La 2.78 Er-As H G G El At 0 G G E, Hy

113

Appendix 4 continued. Lif Deg Int Nod Sti StiAp Sti StiAd StiAb Tag His Ro RoDi Ste Bran Pub Pub Shap Shap LoLe Pub Pub StiMar TG1 A Me NA Er M S S El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG10 A Me 1.10 As H S S Fa-El At 3.11 G G E-Dt-Lc TG11 A Sm 0.720 Er L G G Fa-Obl At 0 G G E TG13 A NA NA Er-As L G G Fa-El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG15 A Me 1.33 Er-As H G G Fa-El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG16 A La 1.15 Pr H G G Fa-Obl Acm 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG17 A La 1.17 Er-As H G G El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG18 A La 2.04 Er H G G El Acm 0 G G E TG2 A Sm 0.475 Er L G S El-Fa Act 0 G G E, Hy TG20 A Me 0.870 Er-As H G G El Acm 2.07 G G E-Dt, Hy TG21 A Me 0.780 Er M S S El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG22 A La 1.08 Pr H S S El At 0 G G E, Hy TG23 A Sm 0.431 Er M G G NEl-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG24 A La NA Er M G G El Acm 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG25 A La 1.9 Er-As H G G El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG26 A Me 0.990 Er M G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TG27 A Me 0.912 Er H G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TG28 A Me 0.858 Er H G G El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG29 A La 1.01 As M G G El-Fa At 1.64 G G E-Se-Lc, Hy TG31 A Me 0.547 Er M S S El At 0 G G E, Hy TG32 A Me 0.828 Er M S M El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG33 A Me 1.11 Er H G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TG36 A La NA Pr H M M El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TG38 A Me 0.852 As H S S Fa-El At 1.92 G G E-Se-Lc, Hy TG4 A Me 1.27 As H S S Fa-El Act 0 G G E TG40 A Me 0.798 As-De H G G El At 0 G G Se, Hy TG42 A Me 1.07 As-De H G G El-Fa At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG43 A NA NA Er M S M El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG44 A Sm 0.431 Er M M M El At 0 G G E, Hy TG45 A Me 0.930 Er H S S El At 0 G G Se, Hy TG48 A Sm NA Er L S M El At 0 G G E TG49 A Me 1.48 Er H S S El Acm 0 G G E, Hy TG5 A Me NA Er-As L S S El At 0 G G E TG50 A La NA Er-As H M M El Act 0 G G E, Hy TG52 A Me 0.972 NA H G G El Act 0 G G E-Se TG53 A NA NA Er M M M El At 0 G G E, Hy TG54 A Me NA Pr H M M El-Fa At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG55 A Me 0.930 As H G G El Act 0 G G E, Hy TG59 A Me 1.06 Er H M M El Acm 5.60 G G Lc-Se, Hy TG6 A Me 1.10 De H G G El At 0 G G E TG60 A Me NA Er L M M El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG61 A Me NA Er L G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TG67 A Me 1.03 Er M G M El At 0 G G E, Hy TG69 A La 1.49 Er-As H S S El Act 0 G G E, Hy TG7 A Sm 1.10 As H G G El At 0 G G E TG70 A Sm 0.738 Er H G G El Act 0 G G E TG72 A NA NA Er M M M El-Fa Act 0 G G E, Hy TG73 A Sm 0.559 Er L G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TG75 A NA NA Er L M M El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TG76 A Me 0.960 Er M G G El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy

114

Appendix 4 continued. Lif Deg Int Nod Sti StiAp Sti StiAd StiAb Tag His Ro RoDi Ste Bran Pub Pub Shap Shap LoLe Pub Pub StiMar TG77 A La 1.51 Er H S S El At 0 G G E, Hy TG78 A Sm 0.792 Er M S S El At 0 G G E, Hy TG8 A Sm 0.768 Er M G G Fa-El At 0 G G E TG9 A Me 1.48 Er H G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TO1 A Sm 0.463 Er L G G El At 3.90 G G Lc TO10 A Me 0.660 Er L S M Ln At 5.42 G G Lc TO11 A NA NA As L M M El At 3.39 G G Lc TO12 A Sm 0.282 Er N M M El At 3.22 G G Lc TO13 A Me 0.780 Er H S S Ln At 4.68 G G Lc TO14 A Me 0.966 Er-As H S S El At 3.63 G G Lc TO15 A Me 0.900 Er M G G Ln At 5.28 G G Lc TO16 A Sm 0.407 Er N M M El At 5.02 G G Lc TO17 A Sm 0.774 Er M M M El At 5.12 G G Lc TO18 A La NA Er H M M El At 3.65 G G Lc TO2 A Sm 0.359 Er L S M El At 4.01 G G Lc TO20 A Me 0.714 Er-As L G G Ln At 4.68 G G Lc TO21 A Me 0.978 Er H G G Ln At 2.48 G G Lc TO22 A Me NA Er L M S El At 4.50 G G Lc TO23 A Sm 0.431 Er M M S El At 3.33 G G Lc TO24 A Sm 0.439 Er L S S Ln At 3.39 G G Lc TO25 A Sm 0.562 Er M M M El At 3.49 G G Lc TO26 A Me 1.06 Er M S M El At 4.48 G G Lc TO27 A Sm 0.340 Er N S S Ln At 2.67 G G Lc TO28 A Me 0.714 Er L M M Ln At 3.73 G G Lc TO29 A Sm 0.453 Er M M M El At 2.32 G G Lc TO3 A Sm 0.528 Er-As L G G El At 4.07 G G Lc TO30 A Me 0.780 Er M M M El At 3.60 G G Lc TO31 A Sm 0.436 Er L S M El At 4.43 G S Lc TO32 A Me 0.642 Er M M M El At 4.30 G G Lc TO33 A Me 0.678 Er-As L M M El At 3.11 G G Lc TO34 A Sm 0.364 Er L M M El At 2.49 G G Lc TO35 A Me 0.666 Er M M M El At 3.91 G G Lc TO36 A La 1.50 Er H S S El At 4.30 G G Lc TO38 A La 0.924 As H M M El At 3.04 G G Lc TO39 A Sm 0.554 As L S S El At 2.20 G G Lc TO4 A Sm 0.284 As L G G NEl At 3.70 G G Lc TO40 A Me 0.648 Er-As M S M El At 2.95 G G Lc TO42 A Sm 0.477 Er M M M El At 3.88 G G Lc TO43 A Sm 0.359 Er N M G El At 2.10 G G Lc TO45 A Sm 0.362 Er M M M El At 4.53 G G Lc TO46 A Sm NA Er L S G El At 3.14 G G Lc TO47 A Me 0.666 Er M M G El At 5.58 G G Lc TO48 A Me 0.714 Er H S S El At 4.15 G G Lc TO49 A Me 0.618 Er M S S El At 4.67 G G Lc TO5 A Sm 0.337 Er-As N G G NEl At 3.10 G G Lc TO50 A La 0.978 Er M S S El At 4.06 G G Lc TO51 A Me 0.631 Er L G G El At 2.89 G G Lc TO52 A Me 0.434 Er M M M El At 7.78 G S Lc TO53 A Me 0.906 Er H S S El At 4.13 G G Lc TO54 A Me 0.542 As H G G El At 2.90 G G Lc

115

Appendix 4 continued. Lif Deg Int Nod Sti StiAp Sti StiAd StiAb Tag His Ro RoDi Ste Bran Pub Pub Shap Shap LoLe Pub Pub StiMar TO7 A Me 0.900 Er M G S El At 5.15 G G Lc TO8 A Sm 0.605 Er N S G Ln At 4.72 G G Lc TO9 A Me 0.900 Er M S G El At 5.28 G G Lc TP1 A Me 1.79 Er H G G El At 0 G G E TP10 A La 2.93 Er H G G Fa-El At 0 G G E TP12 A La 2.47 Er H G G Fa-El At 0 G G E TP14 A La 2.47 Er H G G El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TP15 A La 1.62 Er-As H G S Fa At 0 G G E TP16 A La 2.51 Er-As H G G Ln-Fa At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TP17 A La 2.10 Er H G G NEl LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP18 A La 1.97 Er H M M Ln-Fa LAt 0 G G E-Se TP20 A La 1.58 Er H S S Li-Fa LAt 0 G G E TP22 A Me 0.714 Er M S S Li-Fa LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP23 A Me 0.780 Er M S S NEl At 0 G G E, Hy TP25 A La 1.78 Er H S S Li-Fa LAt 0 G G E TP26 A Me 1.02 Er H S S Li-Fa LAt 0 G G E TP27 A La 2.14 Er-As H G G Li-Fa LAt 5.50 G G E-Se TP28 A La 2.86 As-Er H G G El-Fa LAt 4.73 G G Lc-Se, Hy TP29 A La 2.24 Er-As H G G El-Fa At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TP3 A La 1.65 Er H G G Fa-El At 0 G G E-Se TP30 A La 2.40 As-Er H G G Ln-Fa LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP31 A NA NA Er H S S El-Fa LAt 0 G G E-Se TP32 A La 2.10 As H G G Ln LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP33 A Me 1.29 Er M G G El-Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TP34 A Me 1.30 Er L G G El At 0 G G E, Hy TP35 A NA NA As-Er H G G El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TP37 A La 1.31 As H G S El LAt 0 G G E TP38 A La 1.79 Er H G G El LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP4 A La 1.28 As M G S Fa-El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TP40 A La NA Er H G G Fa At 0 G G E, Hy TP41 A La 1.81 Er-As H M M Fa-El At 2.72 G G Se-Lc, Hy TP42 A La 1.32 Er H S S NEl LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP43 A NA NA Er M S S NEl-Fa LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP44 A NA NA Er-As H S S Ln LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP45 A La 3.14 Er H M M Li-Ln LAt 0 G G E, Hy TP6 A La 1.12 Er H G G El-Fa At 0 G G E TP7 A Me 1.40 Er M G G El At 0 G G E-Se, Hy TP8 A Sm 0.918 Er M G G Li At 0 G G E-Se TP9 A La 2.04 Er M G G Fa-El At 0 G G E

116

Appendix 4 continued. StiMa BasP BasP Pet BasLf BasL BasL MidLf MidL MidL DisLf Tag rPub etLe etDi Pub lShap flBas flAp lShap flBas flAp lShap TB1 G 29.2 0.21 G Obc C Obc Sp-Obc C Obc El TB10 S 29.5 0.24 M Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obla-Obc TB11 S 17.6 0.19 S B R B-T B R B-R B TB13 M 12.2 0.14 M Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TB14 M 27.0 0.246 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp TB15 M 18.2 0.15 M Obc C Obc Obc-Obe C Obc Sp-Obc TB16 M 23.5 0.17 S Obc C Obc Obo C Re Sp TB17 M 44.8 0.24 M Obc C Obc Obc-Sp C Obc Sp TB19 M 16.2 0.20 M B C-R B-R B C B-R Sp TB2 M 12.8 0.19 M Obc C Obc El-Obc C Obc El TB20 M 27.0 0.21 M Obc C Obc Sp-Obc C Obc Sp TB21 M 41.5 0.313 M Obc C Obc Obc-Obe C Obc Sp TB22 M 10.01 0.21 M Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obe-Obc TB23 M 33.2 0.20 M NA NA NA Obc C Obc El-Obc TB26 M 46.0 0.23 M Obc C Obc Obe-Obc C Obc Obe TB27 M 36.0 0.12 M Obc C Obc El C Bi Sp TB28 G 23.7 0.20 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Obc-Sp TB29 S 11.14 0.20 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Sp TB3 S 17.2 0.19 M B C B B At B Obla TB30 S NA 0.16 S NA NA NA Obla-Obc C Bi Sp TB31 G 39.3 0.268 G B At B B At B Sp-B TB32 M 12.82 0.12 M B C B B C B Sp-B TB33 M 15.8 0.13 M B-Obc C B Obc-Sp C Obc-B Sp TB5 M 42.3 0.282 M Obc C Obc Obe-Obc C Obc Sp TB6 M 21.7 0.275 S Obc C Obc Sp-Obc C Obc Sp TB8 S 11.96 0.099 M Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TB9 S 24.9 0.17 M Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Sp TC1 G 11.14 0.16 M Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Obc El TC10 G 23.9 0.23 S Obo C Em Obo C R Obe TC12 S 15.1 0.17 S Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Obc Sp TC13 S 48.0 0.362 G Obc C Obc Obo C R Obe TC14 S 37.3 0.268 M Obo-Obc C Obc El C R Obe TC17 S 24.03 0.263 S Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Em El-Sp TC20 S 60.9 0.429 S Obc C Obc El C R El TC21 M 20.7 0.270 M Obc C Obc El C Em El TC23 G 45.2 0.248 M Obc C Obc Obo C Em El TC25 G NA 0.248 G NA NA NA El-Sp C R El TC3 S 37.5 0.316 G Obc C Obc Obe C R Obl TC30 M 12.41 0.17 S Obo C Re Obo C Em Obe TC31 S 86.2 0.622 M Obo C Em Obe C R El TC32 M 41.4 0.316 M NA NA NA Obo C R El TC33 M 30.4 0.23 M Obo C Em Obe C R El TC34 S 10.23 0.18 M Obc C Em Obo C R El TC4 S 53.6 0.386 S Obo C Em Obo C Em Obe TC5 S 35.6 0.287 S Obc C Obc Obo C Em Obe TC6 S 27.3 0.14 M Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Obe TC7 G 48.5 0.501 G Obo C Em Obc-Obo C Obc Obe TC8 M 15.0 0.241 S Obc C Obc El C R El TC9 M 38.6 0.316 S Obo-Obc C Obc El C Obt El TG1 S 49.8 0.304 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C-R Obc Obo

117

Appendix 4 continued. StiMa BasP BasP Pet BasLf BasL BasL MidLf MidL MidL DisLf Tag rPub etLe etDi Pub lShap flBas flAp lShap flBas flAp lShap TG10 S 9.20 0.287 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp TG11 M 16.3 0.241 G Obc-B C Obc-B Obc C Obc Obc TG13 G NA NA G NA NA NA Obc C Obc Obc TG15 G 21.1 0.21 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obe TG16 G 13.8 0.20 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Obc TG17 G 17.9 0.21 G Obc C Em Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG18 G 29.4 0.366 G Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Obc Sp TG2 G 45.6 0.17 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc TG20 G 18.9 0.246 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TG21 G 14.8 0.17 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TG22 G 13.4 0.15 S Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Obo-Obc TG23 G 27.0 0.22 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TG24 G NA 0.19 G NA NA NA Obc C Obc Obc TG25 G 25.5 0.308 G Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Em Obc-Obo TG26 G 30.6 0.20 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG27 G 43.3 0.364 G Obc C Em Or-Obc C Em Obo-Obc TG28 G 26.0 0.265 G Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG29 G 59.6 0.562 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG31 G NA 0.17 S NA NA NA Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG32 G 24.15 0.17 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obe-Obc TG33 S 25.4 0.17 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp TG36 G 12.50 0.268 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Sp-Obc TG38 G 23.3 0.22 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG4 S 27.4 0.277 S Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Obo-Obc TG40 G 23.2 0.352 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG42 G 18.22 0.21 G Obc C Obc Obo C Em Obc TG43 G 17.5 0.21 G Obc-Obo C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obe TG44 G 12.04 0.19 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc TG45 G 12.3 0.21 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc El-Sp TG48 G 12.6 0.14 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG49 G 31.9 0.453 G Obc C Obc Obc C Em Obo TG5 G 15.0 0.19 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo TG50 G 41.0 0.260 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG52 G 8.78 0.268 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Sp TG53 G NA 0.22 M NA NA NA Obc C Obc Obc TG54 G 14.79 0.253 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG55 G 9.04 0.22 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Sp-El TG59 G NA 0.19 G NA NA NA Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG6 G 25.6 0.260 G Obc C Obc Obo-Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG60 G 27.5 0.22 M Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc TG61 G 38.6 0.357 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc TG67 G NA 0.241 G NA NA NA Obo C Em Obo TG69 G 20.29 0.14 S Obc-Sp C Obc Obc C Em-Cs Sp TG7 G 33.1 0.275 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG70 G 13.7 0.241 G Obc C Obc Obc-Obo C Obc Sp-Obc TG72 G 22.0 0.318 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc TG73 G 44.3 0.393 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG75 G 18.8 0.17 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG76 G 46.0 0.16 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG77 G 18.7 0.24 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo

118

Appendix 4 continued. StiMa BasP BasP Pet BasLf BasL BasL MidLf MidL MidL DisLf Tag rPub etLe etDi Pub lShap flBas flAp lShap flBas flAp lShap TG78 G 15.1 0.16 S Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obc-Obo TG8 S 16.1 0.292 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc Obo-Obc TG9 G 30.76 0.19 G Obc C Obc Obc C Obc El TO1 S 11.1 0.12 S Obo-Obc C Obc Li At Acm El TO10 S 10.96 0.12 S Obc-Obo C Em El C Re-Obq El TO11 M 14.40 0.275 S Obo C Em Obl C T-Re El-Obl TO12 S 15.86 0.14 S Obo C Em El C T El TO13 S 7.91 0.13 S Obo C Cs El C Act NEl TO14 S 19.76 0.260 S Obe C Em El C Act NEl TO15 G 15.4 0.19 G Sp-Obc C Obc Obe C Em Sp TO16 M 11.3 0.12 S Obc C Obc Obl C R Obl TO17 M 25.8 0.16 S Obc-Obo C Obc Obe C R-Em El TO18 M 18.9 0.17 M El C R NEl At Act Li TO2 M 19.7 0.21 G Obc-Obo C Obc NEl-Obl At Cs NEl-Obl TO20 M 13.6 0.11 G Obo-Obc C Obc Li At Act El TO21 G 14.5 0.22 G Sp-Obc At Obc Obc-Sp C Obc Li TO22 M 13.1 0.15 S Obo-Obc C Obc Obe C Em El TO23 S 7.84 0.14 G Or C Em Li At Act Li TO24 G 19.5 0.16 S Sp-Obc C Obc El C R El TO25 G 20.6 0.21 S Obc-Obo C Obc El C Act El TO26 M 11.68 0.14 S Sp-Obc C Obc El C R El TO27 M 7.29 0.19 M Obc C Obc Obe C R El TO28 M 18.48 0.15 M Obc-Sp C Obc El At Act El TO29 M 10.18 0.20 S Obc C Em El C Act El TO3 G 18.9 0.092 G Obd C Em Li At Act Li TO30 M 23.3 0.21 S Obc C Obc El C R El TO31 M 4.06 0.13 S Obc C Em El At Act El TO32 S 8.95 0.12 S Obc C Obc El C Act Li TO33 M 16.7 0.19 S Obc C Obc Obla C R NEl TO34 G 19.0 0.20 S Obc C Em Obe C Em El TO35 S 15.39 0.24 S Obc C Em El C R El TO36 S 8.43 0.13 S Or-Obc C Em El C Act NEl TO38 S 12.1 0.22 S Obc C Obc Obe C Re El TO39 G 15.96 0.16 S Sp C Re El C R El TO4 S 27.5 0.16 S Obo C Em NEl-Li C Acm Li TO40 G 12.82 0.17 G Obo C Em El C Act El TO42 S 7.21 0.265 S Obc C Em El C Re El TO43 S 5.87 0.092 S Obc C Obc Li At Act Li TO45 S 17.0 0.311 S Obo C Em El C R NEl TO46 S 10.20 0.22 G El C Em-Obq El C Act Li TO47 S 9.08 0.12 S NA NA NA Li C At Li TO48 G 10.58 0.17 S Obc-Obo C Obc Li At At Li TO49 S 9.45 0.12 S Obc C Obc Li At At Li TO5 G 8.42 0.12 G Obc C Obc Li C Re Li TO50 S 14.11 0.15 S Obc C Obc El C T El TO51 G 9.50 0.12 G Obc C Obc Li At Act Li TO52 S 8.42 0.21 S Obc C Obc Li C T NEl TO53 S 18.48 0.20 S Obc C Obc Obe C Re El TO54 G 15.9 0.22 G Obc C Obc Li At At Li TO7 G 27.0 0.263 G Obo C Em Obe C T Obe

119

Appendix 4 continued. StiMa BasP BasP Pet BasLf BasL BasL MidLf MidL MidL DisLf Tag rPub etLe etDi Pub lShap flBas flAp lShap flBas flAp lShap TO8 S 19.2 0.17 S Li At Act Li At Act NEl TO9 G 9.75 0.13 G Obd-Obc C Obc Li At Act Li TP1 G 41.8 0.23 G Li-NEl At Act Li-NEl C Act NEl-Li TP10 G 18.5 0.22 G Sp C R El C Obt El TP12 G 21.74 0.12 M El C NA El C Act El TP14 G 23.4 0.23 G Obla At Act El-Obla C Act El TP15 G 22.5 0.23 G NEl C T-Re El C R-T El TP16 G 29.5 0.335 G NEl C Act El C Act El TP17 S 43.6 0.311 S NEl At R El C Act El TP18 G 22.71 0.13 S El C T-R El C Act El-Ln TP20 G 33.2 0.23 S Li At Act NEl C Act-R NEl TP22 S 15.5 0.17 M NEl C Act El C Act El TP23 G 24.2 0.381 M El-Li C Act-T El-Li C Act El TP25 G 37.5 0.14 S Li-NEl C Act NEl C Act NEl TP26 G 26.6 0.19 S Li C T El C Act El TP27 G 32.9 0.20 S Li At Act El C Act NEl TP28 G 27.2 0.23 G El C Act El C Act El TP29 G 38.7 0.316 G El C Act El C Act El TP3 G 31.0 0.292 G El C R Obla C Act El TP30 G 18.4 0.265 G Sp-El C R Obe C Obt El TP31 G 25.1 0.311 G El C Act El C Act El TP32 G 15.1 0.23 G El At Act Obla C Act El TP33 G 10.78 0.23 G NEl At Act NEl C Act NEl TP34 G 14.0 0.14 G Obo C Em El C Act El TP35 G NA 0.243 G NA NA NA El C R El TP37 G 29.3 0.14 M NEl C Act El C Act El TP38 G 34.8 0.24 S El C Act-R El C Act El TP4 G 11.07 0.243 G Obe-Obc C Obc Obo C R El TP40 G 48.3 0.431 G Li C Act El C Act El TP41 G 15.0 0.265 G El-Sp C R El C R El TP42 G 11.81 0.17 S El C Act El C Act El TP43 G NA NA S NA NA NA El C Act El TP44 G NA NA S NA NA NA Li-El C Act Li-El TP45 G NA NA M NA NA NA El C Act El TP6 G 13.6 0.243 G El C-Obq Act El C Act El TP7 G 7.38 0.19 G NA NA NA El C Act El TP8 G 11.3 0.14 G NA C NA Obe C Obt El-Sp TP9 G 11.9 0.16 G NA NA NA El C R El

120

Appendix 4 continued. DisL DisL LflA LflAbM LflA BasL Lfl LflM BasLfl BasTe BasTer BasLfl Tag flBas flAp dPub idrPub bPub flBA Mar arPub MuLe rLflLe LflWi Indent TB1 C Re G G G 30 Se G 0.051 7.37 3.29 0.672 TB10 C Obc G M G 40 Se S+ 0.077 6.90 4.13 1.01 TB11 C B G S G 20 E-Se M+ 0.051 4.69 2.81 1.81 TB13 C Obc G M M* 45 Se-Dt S+ 0.065 3.34 1.02 0.533 TB14 C Re G M S* 50 Se S+ 0.053 4.84 3.73 0.605 TB15 At Obc G M S* 40 Se S+ 0.039 4.11 2.22 0.728 TB16 C Bi G M G 50 Se S+ 0.053 4.83 3.29 0.619 TB17 At Bi G M G 50 Se M+ 0 9.36 5.80 0.936 TB19 At Bi G M G 25 Se M+ 0.041 5.70 2.59 2.20 TB2 C Re G M M*+ 80 Se M*+ 0.072 3.01 2.84 0.400 TB20 At Re G M S* 35 Se M+ 0.027 5.53 2.88 0.852 TB21 At Re G M M*+ 60 Se M+ 0.067 5.94 4.36 0.458 TB22 C Obc G M M*+ 60 Se M*+ 0.060 3.70 2.53 0.646 TB23 C Obc G M S* NA Se M NA NA NA NA TB26 C Em G M G 60 Se M+ 0 6.80 4.26 0.714 TB27 C Re G M G NA Se M* NA NA NA NA TB28 C Obc G G G 50 Se G 0.034 4.39 3.40 0.439 TB29 At Re G G G 50 Se G 0.17 3.17 2.03 0.386 TB3 At B G M G 35 Se G 0.13 6.33 2.76 2.89 TB30 C Re G M G NA Se S*+ NA NA NA NA TB31 C B G G G 20 Se G 0.053 8.6 5.10 2.78 TB32 At B G M G 20 Se G 0.055 3.79 2.04 1.06 TB33 At Re G M G 25 Se M+ 0.031 3.39 1.89 0.606 TB5 C Re G M M*+ 80 Se M+ 0.041 NA NA NA TB6 At Re G M G 50 Se S+ 0.046 7.91 4.85 0.69 TB8 C Obc G S G 60 Se-Dt S+ 0.077 2.77 1.99 0.566 TB9 C Re G M G 50 Se S+ 0.084 5.31 3.09 0.750 TC1 C Obt G G G 40 Se G 0 3.59 NA NA TC10 C R G G G 50 Se G 0 4.82 3.22 0.14 TC12 C R G G G 50 Se G 0 3.91 2.80 0.530 TC13 C R G G G 55 Se G 0.024 6.43 4.88 0.576 TC14 At R G G G 70 Se G 0 5.84 5.09 0.453 TC17 C R G G G 60 Se-E G 0 5.59 4.80 NA TC20 C R G G G 40 Se G 0.024 9.91 5.96 0.410 TC21 C R G G G 85 Se G 0 4.51 4.59 0.364 TC23 C R G G G 70 Se G 0 NA 5.00 NA TC25 C R G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TC3 C R G G G 60 Se G 0.034 7.20 4.68 NA TC30 C R G G G 40 Se G 0.031 3.00 1.86 0.265 TC31 C R G G G 45 Se G 0 11.23 7.26 0.169 TC32 C R G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TC33 C R G G G 40 Se G NA 6.88 4.41 NA TC34 C R G G G 70 Se G 0.048 2.31 2.71 0.19 TC4 C R G G G 100 Se G 0 8.95 5.95 0.337 TC5 C R G G G 90 Se G 0 5.71 4.27 0.34 TC6 C R G G G 60 Se G 0 4.03 3.51 0.506 TC7 C R G S G 55 Se G 0 5.00 6.20 0.690 TC8 C R G G G 50 Se G 0.041 4.23 2.56 0.603 TC9 C R G G G 45 Se G 0 4.68 3.42 0.362 TG1 C Em G G G 60 Se G 0.080 6.85 5.96 0.45

121

Appendix 4 continued. DisL DisL LflA LflAbM LflA BasL Lfl LflM BasLfl BasTe BasTer BasLfl Tag flBas flAp dPub idrPub bPub flBA Mar arPub MuLe rLflLe LflWi Indent TG10 C Re G G G 45 Se G 0 2.80 2.31 0.388 TG11 C Obc G G G 55 Se G 0 4.08 3.33 0.948 TG13 C Obc G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG15 C Re G G G 55 Se G 0 4.09 3.13 0.598 TG16 C Obc G G G 60 Se G 0.024 1.94 1.94 0.477 TG17 C Obc G G G 45 Se G 0.02 3.86 2.91 0.480 TG18 C R G G G 40 Se G 0 4.08 2.80 0.552 TG2 C Obc G G G NA Se G 0 NA NA NA TG20 C Obc G G G 40 Se G 0.077 3.21 2.11 0.600 TG21 C Re G G G 40 Se G NA 3.80 2.09 NA TG22 C Em G G G 50 Se G 0.039 3.21 2.70 0.381 TG23 C Re G G G 70 Se G 0.048 NA 4.76 NA TG24 C Obc G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG25 C Obc G G G 40 Se G 0.027 4.72 2.91 0.468 TG26 C Obc G G G 40 Se G 0.031 4.96 3.42 0.648 TG27 C Em G G G 60 Se G 0 7.03 6.64 0.516 TG28 C Re G G G 60 Se G 0.084 4.90 3.26 0.605 TG29 C Obc G G G 80 Se G 0 11.2 10.20 1.10 TG31 C Obc G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG32 C Obc G G G 35 Se G 0.12 4.47 2.80 0.586 TG33 C Re G G G 20 Se G 0.046 4.58 2.49 0.566 TG36 C Re G G S* 45 Se S 0.051 2.10 1.65 0.366 TG38 C Em G G G 60 Se G 0 3.22 3.33 0.335 TG4 C Obc G G G 55 Se G 0.053 5.44 4.01 0.366 TG40 C Em G G G 45 Se G 0.048 4.00 3.63 0.407 TG42 C Obc G G G 55 Se G 0.080 3.89 2.78 0.362 TG43 C Obc G G G 40 Se G 0.024 3.99 2.53 0.21 TG44 C Obc G G G 35 Se G 0.0241 2.38 2.20 0.552 TG45 C R G G G 55 Se G 0.034 2.58 2.41 0.494 TG48 C Obc G G G 60 Se G 0.029 2.46 2.12 0.431 TG49 C Em G G G 60 Se G 0.058 8.01 6.04 0.858 TG5 C R G G G 25 Se-Si G 0 3.58 2.58 0.586 TG50 C Obc G G G 40 Se G 0.072 5.95 4.18 0.876 TG52 C Re G G G 45 Se G 0.11 2.37 1.92 0.362 TG53 C Obc G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG54 C Obc G G G 100 Se G 0.02 2.80 3.24 0.465 TG55 C Re G G G 45 Se G 0 2.45 1.84 0.311 TG59 C Em G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG6 C Obc G G G 95 Se G 0.02 4.67 5.57 0.366 TG60 C Obc G G G 50 Se G 0.053 NA NA NA TG61 C Obc G G G 60 Se G 0.053 7.32 5.60 0.562 TG67 C Em G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TG69 C Re G G G 40 Se G 0 3.53 1.94 0.362 TG7 C Em G G G 75 Se G 0.024 3.93 3.76 0.482 TG70 C Re G G G 60 Se G 0 3.28 3.07 0.455 TG72 C Obc G G G 70 Se G 0.048 NA NA NA TG73 C Em G G G 70 Se G 0.02 8.17 6.86 0.692 TG75 C Obc G G G 55 Se G 0.055 3.03 2.69 0.378 TG76 C Obc G G G 50 Se G 0.065 5.53 3.91 0.906 TG77 C Obc G G G 60 Se G 0.058 4.70 4.14 0.720

122

Appendix 4 continued. DisL DisL LflA LflAbM LflA BasL Lfl LflM BasLfl BasTe BasTer BasLfl Tag flBas flAp dPub idrPub bPub flBA Mar arPub MuLe rLflLe LflWi Indent TG78 C Obc G G G 60 Se G 0.063 3.40 2.62 0.654 TG8 C Obc G G G 45 Se G 0 3.72 2.40 0.692 TG9 C Em G G G 50 Se G 0.043 4.09 3.02 0.600 TO1 C Act G G G 60 Se-Dt G 0.043 3.02 2.34 NA TO10 C R-T G S G 45 Se S 0 3.45 2.47 0.23 TO11 C Act G S G 45 Se G 0 4.30 2.57 0.14 TO12 C Act G S G 50 Se-Dt G 0 3.04 1.90 0.282 TO13 At Act G G G 60 Se-E G 0 1.92 2.02 0 TO14 At Act G G G 30 Se G 0.14 6.55 2.33 0.21 TO15 At T G G G 30 Se G 0.11 5.38 1.94 0.364 TO16 C T-Em G S G 30 Se-Dt G 0 3.03 2.08 0.316 TO17 C T G M G 30 Se S 0.027 7.53 2.77 0.574 TO18 At Act G S G 30 Se G 0.048 6.54 1.91 0 TO2 At Cs G G G 45 Se S 0.01 4.26 2.56 0.23 TO20 C Act G G G 30 Se-E G 0.02 NA NA NA TO21 At Act-Re G G G 20 Se G 0.072 4.50 1.38 0.263 TO22 C Em G S G 30 Se S 0.11 4.82 1.97 0.318 TO23 At Act G G G 60 Se-Cr G 0 1.63 1.78 0.070 TO24 C R G G G 30 Se G 0.12 4.50 2.25 0.263 TO25 C Act G G G 40 Se G 0.058 5.38 3.20 0.17 TO26 C Act G S G 60 Se G 0 2.89 2.10 0.16 TO27 C Em G S S+ 90 Se-E S 0 1.67 1.82 0.14 TO28 At Act G S G 20 Se S 0.027 3.74 2.16 0.19 TO29 C Act G S G 70 Se S 0.02 3.28 2.60 0.21 TO3 At Act G G G 30 Se-Dt G 0.027 2.28 1.81 0.16 TO30 C Act G S G 40 Se S 0.067 5.21 2.81 0.243 TO31 At Act G S G 80 Se-E S 0 1.84 1.60 0.11 TO32 At Act G S G 30 Se G 0.092 2.79 1.84 0.253 TO33 C Act G S G 40 Se S 0.14 4.43 3.32 0.419 TO34 C Re G G G 55 Se G 0.024 4.06 3.10 0.17 TO35 At Act G G G 60 Se G 0.048 3.69 2.63 0.20 TO36 At Act G G G 70 Se G 0.048 2.37 2.19 0.17 TO38 C Re G G G 45 Se G 0.048 3.53 2.70 0.22 TO39 C Re G G G 20 Se G 0.029 4.10 1.97 0.265 TO4 At Acm G S G 60 Se-Dt G 0.043 4.08 2.60 0.17 TO40 C Re G G G 70 Se G 0.034 3.29 2.49 0.12 TO42 C Re G S S 60 Se S 0.02 2.85 2.10 0.24 TO43 At Act G S G 60 Se-Si S 0.031 2.11 1.28 0.284 TO45 C Act G G G 60 Se G 0.02 3.90 2.77 0.092 TO46 At Act G G G 70 E-Se G 0.053 2.88 2.05 0.070 TO47 At Act G S G NA Se-Dt-E G NA NA NA NA TO48 At Act G G G 60 Se-Si G 0.046 2.66 1.40 0.415 TO49 At Act G G G 85 E-Se G 0 2.13 1.81 0.12 TO5 C Acm-T G G G 60 Se-Dt G 0 2.49 1.69 0.410 TO50 C Em G S G 35 Se S 0.02 4.28 1.70 0.292 TO51 At Act G G G 50 E-Si-Se G 0 2.02 1.82 0.14 TO52 C T G S G 55 Se G 0.053 2.17 1.94 0.24 TO53 C Re G G G 25 Se G 0.067 4.91 2.82 0.381 TO54 At At G G G 32 Se-E G 0 3.17 1.98 0.268 TO7 C R G G G 55 Se G 0.02 6.21 3.40 0.270

123

Appendix 4 continued. DisL DisL LflA LflAbM LflA BasL Lfl LflM BasLfl BasTe BasTer BasLfl Tag flBas flAp dPub idrPub bPub flBA Mar arPub MuLe rLflLe LflWi Indent TO8 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.087 11.57 0.864 0 TO9 At Act G G G 20 E-Se G 0 3.73 1.82 0.094 TP1 C Act G G G 15 Se G 0.077 16.91 1.63 0 TP10 C Act G G G 30 Se G 0.15 6.42 2.80 0 TP12 C Act G G G 25 Se G 0.096 4.92 NA NA TP14 C R G G G 20 Se G 0.284 7.05 1.12 0 TP15 C Act G G G 30 Se G 0.301 7.95 1.58 0.13 TP16 C Act G G G 25 Se G 0.15 18.0 2.27 0 TP17 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.296 14.9 2.31 0 TP18 C Act G G G 30 Se G 0.048 5.47 1.76 0 TP20 C Act G S G 15 Se G 0.075 17.3 2.12 0 TP22 C Act G G G 25 Se G 0.16 6.55 0.900 0 TP23 C Act-R G S G 30 Se G 0.065 10.32 1.69 0 TP25 C Act G G G 40 Se G 0.080 9.64 1.24 0 TP26 C Act G S G 20 Se G 0.031 9.46 1.22 0 TP27 At Act G G G 15 Se G 0.17 13.6 1.88 0 TP28 C Act G G G 25 Se G 0.22 8.92 2.50 0 TP29 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.12 10.73 3.18 0 TP3 C Act G G G 40 Se G 0.043 9.16 3.45 0 TP30 C Act G G G 40 Se G 0.15 7.03 2.86 0 TP31 C Act G G G 30 Se G 0.22 9.90 2.80 0 TP32 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.041 5.28 1.52 0 TP33 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.067 5.62 1.32 0 TP34 C Act G G G 40 Se G 0.051 3.62 1.97 0.055 TP35 C Act G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TP37 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.15 11.23 1.82 0 TP38 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.364 9.05 2.42 0 TP4 C Act G G G 50 Se G 0.16 3.49 1.75 0.381 TP40 C Act G G G 20 Se G 0.292 NA NA 0 TP41 C R G G G 80 Se G 0.077 4.22 2.78 0 TP42 C Act G G G 15 Se G 0.14 3.69 1.04 0 TP43 C Act G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TP44 C Act G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TP45 C Act G S G NA Se G NA NA NA NA TP6 C Act G G G 55 Se G 0.333 5.73 2.48 0 TP7 At Act G G G NA Se G NA NA NA 0 TP8 C R G G G 20 Se G NA NA NA NA TP9 C Act G G G NA Se G NA NA NA NA

124

Appendix 4 continued. BasP BasP Peti Flor FlorB Invo Invol Invo Invol Pedu Pedu Tag etiLe etiDi Pub Infl Brac racLe lRad LoLe lLoNo LoSh Di Pub TB1 0.294 0.15 G UR CL, TrF 0.376 0 0 0 0 0.388 G TB10 0.417 0.17 M^ UR TF, UW 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.417 D TB11 0.21 0.15 G UR TF, UW 0.318 0 0 0 0 0.316 M TB13 0.289 0.13 M U TF 0.26 0 0 0 0 0.265 D TB14 0.284 0.21 S^ UR TF 0.246 0 0 0 0 0.441 D TB15 0.287 0.21 M^ UR TF 0.412 0 0 0 0 0.622 M TB16 0.306 0.19 M^ UR TF 0.24 0 0 0 0 0.480 M TB17 0.311 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.436 0 0 0 0 0.410 D TB19 0.22 0.16 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.328 M TB2 0.23 0.21 M^ U TF 0.270 0 0 0 0 0.265 M TB20 0.313 0.17 S^ UR CL, TF 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.574 D TB21 0.23 0.19 M^ UR CL, TF 0.24 0 0 0 0 0.480 D TB22 0.241 0.17 M^ UR CL, TF 0.251 0 0 0 0 0.383 M TB23 0.20 0.16 S UR TF 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.364 D TB26 0.289 0.21 S UR TF, UW 0.453 0 0 0 0 0.335 M TB27 0.20 0.17 S^ UR CL, TF 0.15 0 0 0 0 0.535 M TB28 0.23 0.15 G UR TF, UW 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.407 G TB29 0.265 0.258 G UR CL, TF 0.272 0 0 0 0 0.333 G TB3 0.241 0.15 M^ UR CL, TF 0.21 0 0 0 0 0.323 D TB30 NA NA S^ UR CL, F 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.528 M TB31 0.364 0.188 G UR CL, TF 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.407 G TB32 0.19 0.10 G U TF 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.311 S TB33 0.23 0.17 M^ UR CL, TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.460 M TB5 0.335 0.16 M^ UR CL, TF 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.335 D TB6 0.19 0.362 S UR CL, TF 0.258 0 0 0 0 0.552 M TB8 0.15 0.13 G U TF, UW 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.333 M TB9 0.386 0.18 G UR TrF 0.282 0 0 0 0 0.484 D TC1 0.287 0.14 G UR TF 0.268 0 0 0 0 0.694 G TC10 0.12 0.22 G UR TF 0.494 0 0 0 0 0.708 G TC12 0.21 0.19 S UR TF, UW 0.530 0 0 0 0 0.439 M TC13 0.313 0.349 S UR TF, UW 0.419 0 0 0 0 0.798 S TC14 0.22 0.19 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.287 0 0 0 0 0.684 G TC17 0.241 0.263 G UR TF, UW 0.419 0 0 0 0 0.484 M TC20 0.451 0.18 G UR TF 0.263 0 0 0 0 0.672 M TC21 0.14 0.21 G UR TF 0.328 0 0 0 0 0.906 M TC23 0.19 0.268 G UR TF 0.313 0 0 0 0 0.557 S TC25 NA NA G UR F 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.726 G TC3 0.23 0.333 G UR TF, UW 0.660 0 0 0 0 0.769 S TC30 0.15 0.13 G UR TF 0.405 0 0 0 0 0.660 M TC31 0.431 0.378 M^ UR TF 0.388 0 0 0 0 1.01 M TC32 NA NA M^ UR TF 0.23 0 0 0 0 0.906 M TC33 0.19 0.22 M UR TF 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.714 M TC34 0.15 0.17 G UR CL,TF 0.646 0 0 0 0 0.798 S TC4 0.468 0.270 G UR TF 0.504 0 0 0 0 0.726 S TC5 0.313 0.306 S UR TF, UW 0.366 0 0 0 0 0.978 S TC6 0.265 0.20 S UR TF, UW 0.393 0 0 0 0 0.687 M TC7 0.19 0.23 G UR TF, UW 0.369 0 0 0 0 0.678 G TC8 0.14 0.14 S UR TF, UW 0.289 0 0 0 0 0.680 M TC9 0.530 0.294 G UR TF 0.451 0 0 0 0 0.774 M TG1 0.241 0.22 G UR TrF, UW 0.429 0 0 0 0 0.472 S

125

Appendix 4 continued. BasP BasP Peti Flor FlorB Invo Invol Invo Invol Pedu Pedu Tag etiLe etiDi Pub Infl Brac racLe lRad LoLe lLoNo LoSh Di Pub TG10 0.094 0.17 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.263 0 0 0 0 0.682 S TG11 0.16 0.22 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.205 0 0 0 0 0.424 G TG13 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.472 M TG15 0.330 0.22 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.260 0 0 0 0 0.465 G TG16 0.265 0.14 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.277 0 0 0 0 0.395 G TG17 0.176 0.21 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.415 G TG18 0.482 0.19 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.246 0 0 0 0 0.600 G TG2 NA NA G UR TF, UW 0.663 0 0 0 0 0.422 G TG20 0.12 0.19 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.381 M TG21 0.092 0.18 G UR CL, TF 0.258 0 0 0 0 0.296 G TG22 0.24 0.19 G UR CL, TF 0.282 0 0 0 0 0.369 S TG23 0.17 0.19 G UR F 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.487 G TG24 NA NA G UR CL, F 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.292 G TG25 0.241 0.20 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.393 0 0 0 0 0.542 G TG26 0.15 0.22 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.581 G TG27 0.280 0.337 G UR TF, UW 0.468 0 0 0 0 0.607 G TG28 0.241 0.21 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.337 0 0 0 0 0.434 G TG29 0.480 0.378 S UR CL, TF, UW 0.557 0 0 0 0 0.646 S TG31 NA NA G UR TF 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.528 S TG32 0.294 0.17 G UR F, UW 0.284 0 0 0 0 0.362 S TG33 0.378 0.14 G UR CL, TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.311 G TG36 0.21 0.15 G UR CL, TF 0.241 0 0 0 0 0.335 S TG38 0.369 0.316 G UR CL, TF 0.268 0 0 0 0 0.521 G TG4 0.388 0.219 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.263 0 0 0 0 0.460 M TG40 0.376 0.20 G UR CL, TF 0.270 0 0 0 0 0.342 S TG42 0.441 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.263 0 0 0 0 0.241 G TG43 0.15 0.16 G UR CL, TF 0.248 0 0 0 0 0.535 S TG44 0.19 0.16 G UR CL, TF 0.280 0 0 0 0 0.362 S TG45 0.11 0.20 G UR CL, TF 0.24 0 0 0 0 0.395 S TG48 0.21 0.15 G UR CL, F 0.21 0 0 0 0 0.337 G TG49 0.484 0.263 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.335 0 0 0 0 0.677 S TG5 0.19 0.21 G UR TF, UW 0.383 0 0 0 0 0.721 S TG50 0.376 0.15 G UR CL, TF 0.243 0 0 0 0 0.410 S TG52 0.20 0.20 G UR CL, TF 0.340 0 0 0 0 0.528 G TG53 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.289 0 0 0 0 0.417 M TG54 0.415 0.246 G UR CL, TF 0.294 0 0 0 0 0.357 M TG55 0.092 0.20 G UR CL, TF 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.431 G TG59 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.366 S TG6 0.272 0.272 G UR TF, UW 0.289 0 0 0 0 0.593 G TG60 NA 0.241 G UR CL, TF 0.335 0 0 0 0 0.434 S TG61 0.251 0.23 G UR TF 0.337 0 0 0 0 0.407 G TG67 NA NA G UR TF 0.335 0 0 0 0 0.528 S TG69 0.21 0.12 G UR CL, TF 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.480 M TG7 0.268 0.21 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.564 G TG70 0.15 0.241 G UR CL, F 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.362 G TG72 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.345 S TG73 0.321 0.246 G UR TF, UW 0.289 0 0 0 0 0.390 G TG75 0.354 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.243 0 0 0 0 0.506 M TG76 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.287 0 0 0 0 0.439 M TG77 0.22 0.21 G UR TF 0.313 0 0 0 0 0.696 G

126

Appendix 4 continued. BasP BasP Peti Flor FlorB Invo Invol Invo Invol Pedu Pedu Tag etiLe etiDi Pub Infl Brac racLe lRad LoLe lLoNo LoSh Di Pub TG78 0.24 0.246 G UR CL, TF 0.311 0 0 0 0 0.487 S TG8 0.234 0.243 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.301 0 0 0 0 0.381 G TG9 0.21 0.17 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.311 0 0 0 0 0.651 S TO1 0.15 0.10 G UR F 0.12 3.72 2.58 12 NTr, Lc 0.335 G TO10 0.12 0.12 S UR F 0.13 4.40 3.82 11 NTr-Acm, Lc 0.525 M TO11 0.296 0.14 G U 0 0 3.04 2.38 9 NTr, Lc 0.17 M TO12 0.22 0.13 G U 0 0 2.06 1.33 12 Tr-Acm, Lc 0.287 S TO13 0.075 0.15 G UR F, UW 0.070 3.21 2.48 16 NTr, Lc 0.431 S TO14 0.17 0.15 G UR F 0.087 2.61 1.68 12 NTr, Lc 0.296 S TO15 0.251 0.14 G UR 0 0 4.19 2.70 14 NTr-Acm, Lc 0.528 G TO16 0.212 0.15 G UR F 0.099 4.21 3.18 10 NTr, Lc 0.308 M TO17 0.15 0.25 G UR F 0.12 4.23 3.40 16 NTr, Lc 0.506 M TO18 0.23 0.16 G UR CL 0.13 2.66 1.28 13 Tr, Lc 0.395 M TO2 0.17 0.17 G UR F 0.13 3.30 2.50 12 NTr, Lc 0.383 G TO20 0.14 0.12 G UR 0 0 2.80 1.50 12 NTr, Lc 0.357 S TO21 0.241 0.17 G UR 0 0 3.05 2.44 18 NTr, Lc 0.429 S TO22 0.092 0.13 G UR F, UW 0.070 3.19 2.46 13 NTr, Lc 0.439 M TO23 0.243 0.19 G UR 0 0 2.44 1.92 10 NTr, Lc 0.22 S TO24 0.19 0.16 G U 0 0 2.50 1.76 10 NTr, Lc 0.321 S TO25 0.20 0.14 G UR F, UW 0.072 2.82 1.55 14 NTr, Lc 0.455 M TO26 0.23 0.16 G UR F, UW 0.11 2.69 1.91 10 NTr, Lc 0.636 S TO27 0.12 0.12 G U 0 0 3.04 2.10 6 Tr, Lc 0.282 S TO28 0.094 0.11 G UR F, UW 0.15 3.69 1.67 13 NTr, Lc 0.362 S TO29 0.18 0.12 G U 0 0 2.10 1.79 10 NTr, Lc 0.349 M TO3 0.251 0.092 G UR TrF 0.22 2.84 2.17 14 NTr, Lc 0.431 S TO30 0.19 0.12 G UR F, UW 0.13 2.92 1.66 12 NTr, Lc 0.424 M TO31 0.14 0.096 G U 0 0 3.20 1.90 14 NTr, Lc 0.311 S TO32 0.12 0.12 G UR F, UW 0.048 3.72 2.70 14 Tr, Lc 0.405 S TO33 0.24 0.13 G U 0 0 2.76 2.40 7 NTr, Lc 0.268 M TO34 0.22 0.15 G U 0 0 3.05 1.47 18 Tr, Lc 0.24 S TO35 0.395 0.241 G U 0 0 2.11 1.25 7 Tr, Lc 0.243 S TO36 0.072 0.14 G UR F 0.342 4.02 2.21 24 NTr, Lc 0.576 S TO38 0.265 0.14 G U 0 0 2.32 1.55 6 NTr, Lc 0.388 S TO39 0.16 0.14 G UR 0 0 2.33 1.39 12 Tr, Lc 0.270 S TO4 0.304 0.17 G UR F, UW 0.067 3.06 2.04 14 NTr, Lc 0.415 S TO40 0.19 0.16 G UR 0 0 2.90 2.18 6 Tr, Lc 0.260 S TO42 0.17 0.13 G UR 0 0 3.93 3.00 11 NTr, Lc 0.335 M TO43 0.048 0.089 G U 0 0 3.27 2.32 10 NTr, Lc 0.241 S TO45 0.17 0.17 G U 0 0 2.62 2.10 10 NTr, Lc 0.328 S TO46 0.275 0.19 G UR F 0.096 3.35 2.20 13 NTr, Lc 0.362 S TO47 NA NA G UR F 0.11 3.54 2.94 10 NTr, Lc 0.333 S TO48 0.24 0.099 G U 0 0 2.89 1.98 10 NTr, Lc 0.378 S TO49 0.19 0.077 G UR F, UW 0.10 3.27 1.71 14 NTr, Lc 0.390 S TO5 0.20 0.13 G U 0 0 3.52 2.28 9 NTr, Lc 0.255 G TO50 0.094 0.19 G UR 0 0 3.23 2.87 10 NTr, Lc 0.458 S TO51 0.094 0.12 G U F 0.296 2.31 1.60 14 Tr, Lc 0.364 G TO52 0.070 0.12 G UR F 0.072 3.88 2.43 12 NTr, Lc 0.537 S TO53 0.29 0.17 G UR F 0.077 3.88 2.80 10 NTr, Lc 0.362 S TO54 0.21 0.11 G U F 0.72 2.34 1.24 12 NTr, Lc 0.241 G TO7 0.270 0.277 G UR F 0.053 4.40 3.18 14 NTr, Lc 0.470 S

127

Appendix 4 continued. BasP BasP Peti Flor FlorB Invo Invol Invo Invol Pedu Pedu Tag etiLe etiDi Pub Infl Brac racLe lRad LoLe lLoNo LoSh Di Pub TO8 0.16 0.17 G UR F 0.10 4.07 3.35 10 NTr, Lc 0.246 G TO9 0.145 0.13 G UR F, UW 0.094 4.02 3.25 10 NTr, Lc 0.436 G TP1 0.15 0.287 G UR TF 0.313 0 0 0 0 0.762 G TP10 0.357 0.13 G UR CL, TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.535 G TP12 0.096 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.666 G TP14 0.308 0.21 G UR CL, TF 0.340 0 0 0 0 0.629 G TP15 0.243 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.436 0 0 0 0 0.576 G TP16 0.292 0.272 G UR CL, TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.766 G TP17 0.366 0.18 G UR TF 0.366 0 0 0 0 0.455 S TP18 0.405 0.14 G UR CL, TF 0.248 0 0 0 0 0.482 G TP20 0.20 0.19 G UR CL, TF 0.23 0 0 0 0 0.415 S TP22 0.22 0.20 M UR CL, TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.484 N TP23 0.251 0.23 G UR CL, TF 0.241 0 0 0 0 0.407 S TP25 0.21 0.17 G UR CL, TF 0.268 0 0 0 0 0.554 G TP26 0.17 0.14 G UR CL, TF 0.480 0 0 0 0 0.600 G TP27 0.402 0.20 G UR CL, TF 0.340 0 0 0 0 0.525 S TP28 0.321 0.22 G UR CL, TF 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.562 S TP29 0.482 0.19 G UR TrF 0.15 0 0 0 0 0.564 G TP3 0.19 0.287 G UR CL, TF 0.246 0 0 0 0 0.600 G TP30 0.263 0.22 G UR CL, TF 0.239 0 0 0 0 0.484 G TP31 0.287 0.21 G UR CL, TF 0.292 0 0 0 0 0.388 G TP32 0.10 0.19 G UR TF 0.407 0 0 0 0 0.557 G TP33 0.18 0.16 G UR CL, TF 0.292 0 0 0 0 0.509 G TP34 0.13 0.096 G UR CL, TrF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.277 G TP35 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.463 G TP37 0.24 0.17 S UR TF 0.241 0 0 0 0 0.525 G TP38 0.306 0.22 G UR CL, TrF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.458 G TP4 0.241 0.13 G UR CL, TF, UW 0.321 0 0 0 0 0.530 G TP40 0.386 0.289 G UR CL, TF 0.289 0 0 0 0 0.937 G TP41 0.260 0.21 G UR CL, TF 0.340 0 0 0 0 0.590 G TP42 0.268 0.13 G UR TF 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.268 S TP43 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.282 0 0 0 0 0.574 G TP44 NA NA G UR CL, TF 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.714 S TP45 NA NA S UR CL, TF 0.381 0 0 0 0 0.583 M TP6 0.357 0.268 G UR CL, TF 0.24 0 0 0 0 0.434 G TP7 0.255 0.15 G UR CL, TF 0.311 0 0 0 0 0.395 G TP8 0.14 0.15 G UR TF 0.308 0 0 0 0 0.429 G TP9 NA NA G UR CL, TF, UW 0.407 0 0 0 0 0.434 G

128

Appendix 4 continued. Pedi MaxS Sep SepT Sep Sep Sep SepT SepM SepA SepLa Tag Pedi Pub epLe TuDi uPub Shap Pub Mar ooNo arPub bApA tApA TB1 Df G 4.81 1.43 G NTr, Df G E 0 G 5 5 TB10 Df G 4.21 1.62 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TB11 Er G 4.93 1.69 G NTr G E 0 M 3 3 TB13 Df S 5.24 1.95 M NTr S E 0 M 5 5 TB14 Df S 5.01 1.47 S NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB15 Df S 4.45 1.53 S NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB16 Df G 4.02 1.32 S NTr S E 0 M 5 5 TB17 Df S 4.70 1.49 G NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB19 Df G 5.94 1.47 G NTr, Df S E 0 M 3 3 TB2 Df G 5.23 1.94 S NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB20 Df G 4.21 1.68 G NTr G E 0 M 5 5 TB21 Df G 4.71 1.94 G NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB22 Df G 3.34 1.51 S NTr M E 0 M 5 10 TB23 Er G 3.67 1.27 G NTr S E 0 M 5 5 TB26 Er S 4.91 1.40 G NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB27 Df S 4.88 1.50 G NTr G E 0 M 5 5 TB28 Er G 3.44 1.52 G NTr G E 0 G 10 10 TB29 Df G 4.36 1.53 G NTr G E 0 G 10 10 TB3 Df G 3.48 1.26 G NTr S E 0 S 5 5 TB30 Df G 4.30 1.52 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TB31 Df G 4.28 1.39 S NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TB32 Df G 4.17 1.43 G NTr G E 0 G 10 10 TB33 Df G 4.33 1.22 G NTr G E 0 M 3 3 TB5 Df G 4.08 1.76 G NTr M E 0 M 5 5 TB6 Df G 4.82 1.45 G NTr, Df S E 0 M 5 5 TB8 Df G 3.47 1.54 G NTr G E 0 S 5 5 TB9 Df G 3.29 1.35 G NTr G E 0 S 10 10 TC1 Df G 7.90 2.49 G Tr G Dt 0 M 20 10 TC10 Df G 7.79 2.72 G Tr-Acm S Si-Dt 0 M 15 15 TC12 Er G 7.13 2.10 G Tr-Acm S Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 15 TC13 Df G 6.20 2.03 G Tr S Si-Dt 0 M 10 10 TC14 Df G 8.14 1.91 G Tr-Acm, Df G Si-Dt 0 M 10 15 TC17 Er G 5.50 2.03 G Tr G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 15 15 TC20 Df G 6.60 1.89 G NTr-Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 10 10 TC21 Df G 8.03 2.51 G Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 15 15 TC23 Er G 6.53 2.51 G NTr-Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 5 5 TC25 Df G 5.97 1.82 G NTr-Tr G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TC3 Er G 6.072 2.02 S Tr-Acm G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 15 10 TC30 Df S 6.37 1.99 G NTr-Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 10 10 TC31 Er G 7.08 1.90 G Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 10 7 TC32 Df G 6.99 1.95 G Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 5 5 TC33 Df G 6.08 1.82 G Tr G Si-Dt 0 M 10 10 TC34 Df G 6.76 2.18 G NTr-Tr S Si-Dt 0 M 10 10 TC4 Er G 7.21 1.75 G Tr-Acm G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TC5 Df S 5.23 1.85 G NTr-Tr-Acm G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TC6 Er G 5.91 1.96 G Tr, Acm S Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TC7 Er G 6.92 2.00 G NTr-Tr-Acm G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 5 5 TC8 Df G 5.19 1.92 G Tr-Acm S Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TC9 Er G 6.62 2.01 G Tr-Acm G Si-Dt, Hy 0 M 10 10 TG1 Df S 5.74 1.83 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 15 15

129

Appendix 4 continued. Pedi MaxS Sep SepT Sep Sep Sep SepT SepM SepA SepLa Tag Pedi Pub epLe TuDi uPub Shap Pub Mar ooNo arPub bApA tApA TG10 Df G 4.84 2.29 G NTr, Df G E 0 G 10 10 TG11 Er G 4.91 1.39 G NTr-Acm G Se-E 1 G 10 10 TG13 Df S 4.70 1.33 G NTr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TG15 Df G 4.96 1.73 G Tr-Acm G E, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG16 Df G 4.61 1.95 G Tr-Acm G E-Se 0 G 10 10 TG17 Df G 4.39 1.69 G Tr-Acm G Se, Hy 1 G 20 10 TG18 Df G 5.23 2.10 G Tr G E-Dt 0 G 10 10 TG2 Er S 5.67 2.05 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TG20 Df G 4.12 1.21 G Tr G E-Se 0 G 5 5 TG21 Df G 4.67 1.33 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TG22 Df G 4.83 1.36 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 5 TG23 Df G 5.36 1.31 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 5 TG24 Df G 4.50 1.22 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 15 10 TG25 Df G 5.71 1.29 G Tr G Se-E, Hy 1 G 10 5 TG26 Df G 6.06 1.78 M Tr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 10 10 TG27 Er G 5.54 1.78 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 3 G 20 10 TG28 Df G 5.50 1.37 S NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG29 Df G 6.13 1.87 S Tr-Acm G E-Se, Hy 0 G 20 10 TG31 Df G 4.79 1.80 G NTr G E-Se 1 G 10 10 TG32 Er G 5.60 1.28 G NTr-Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 S 5 5 TG33 Df G 5.30 1.48 G NTr, Df G E-Se, Hy 0 S 3 3 TG36 Df G 4.23 1.30 S Tr G E-Se, Hy 2 G 10 10 TG38 Df M 5.43 2.03 G Tr-NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG4 Df M 5.76 1.72 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TG40 Df S 4.73 1.68 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 20 5 TG42 Df G 4.21 0.858 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 5 5 TG43 Df S 4.82 1.68 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG44 Df G 4.69 1.66 S Tr-Acm G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG45 Df G 4.12 2.19 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 10 10 TG48 Df G 4.29 1.40 G NTr G E, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG49 Df S 5.40 2.07 G Tr G E, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG5 Er G 5.65 1.82 G NTr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TG50 Df G 4.40 1.48 S NTr, Df G E-Se, Hy 1 G 5 5 TG52 Df G 4.40 1.53 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 5 TG53 Df S 5.73 2.03 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG54 Df G 4.70 1.59 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG55 Df G 4.00 1.89 G Tr G E, Hy 0 G 15 15 TG59 Df S 5.63 2.20 M Tr G Se-E, Hy 3 G 5 5 TG6 Df S 6.28 1.67 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TG60 Df S 4.36 1.41 S NTr-Acm G E-Se 1 G 10 5 TG61 Df G 5.17 2.02 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 15 10 TG67 Er G 5.08 1.84 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG69 Df G 4.09 1.89 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 10 10 TG7 Er G 5.27 1.33 G NTr-Acm G E, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG70 Df G 4.38 2.21 G Tr G E, Hy 0 G 20 10 TG72 Df G 5.10 1.59 G NTr, Df G E-Se, Hy 1 G 15 15 TG73 Er S 5.38 1.78 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TG75 Df S 4.50 1.48 G NTr-Tr G E, Hy 0 G 10 5 TG76 Df G 7.69 2.17 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 S 5 5 TG77 Er G 5.09 1.71 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5

130

Appendix 4 continued. Pedi MaxS Sep SepT Sep Sep Sep SepT SepM SepA SepLa Tag Pedi Pub epLe TuDi uPub Shap Pub Mar ooNo arPub bApA tApA TG78 Df S 7.17 1.61 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TG8 Df S 6.34 2.09 G NTr G E-Se 2 G 10 15 TG9 Df G 5.92 1.66 G NTr G E 0 S 10 10 TO1 Er G 5.70 1.52 G Obl-Acm G E 0 G 15 15 TO10 Er G 6.22 1.52 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO11 Er G 5.90 1.20 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO12 Er G 4.51 1.30 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO13 Er G 5.40 1.81 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO14 Er G 5.00 1.21 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO15 Er G 6.90 2.16 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 15 15 TO16 Er G 6.17 1.88 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO17 Er G 5.47 1.60 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO18 Er G 5.11 1.67 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO2 Er G 5.27 1.60 G Obl-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO20 Er G 5.27 1.59 G Tr-Acm G E-Se 0 G 5 5 TO21 Er G 4.54 1.21 G Tr G E 0 G 5 5 TO22 Er G 6.03 1.89 G Tr-Acm G E 0 S 3 3 TO23 Er G 4.82 1.38 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO24 Er G 5.24 1.90 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO25 Er G 5.53 1.74 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 20 10 TO26 Er G 5.63 1.52 G Tr-Acm G E-Lc 1 G 10 10 TO27 Er G 6.13 1.96 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO28 Er G 4.58 1.40 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO29 Er G 5.81 1.42 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO3 Er G 4.99 1.28 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO30 Er G 5.19 1.38 G Tr-Acm G E-Lc 1 G 15 15 TO31 Er G 5.43 1.48 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO32 Er G 4.88 1.52 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO33 Er G 5.20 1.29 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO34 Er G 5.10 1.00 G Obl-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO35 Er G 5.23 1.32 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 20 TO36 Er G 6.36 1.31 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO38 Er G 4.86 1.37 G Obl-Acm G E-Se 1 G 5 5 TO39 Er G 5.20 1.82 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO4 Er G 5.02 1.40 G Obl-Acm G E 0 G 15 15 TO40 Er G 5.63 1.02 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO42 Er G 6.00 1.70 G Tr-Acm G E-Dt 0 G 5 5 TO43 Er G 5.28 1.60 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO45 Er G 5.23 1.50 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO46 Er G 4.59 1.25 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO47 Er G 6.44 1.67 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO48 Er G 4.83 1.17 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO49 Er G 5.50 1.31 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO5 Er G 5.70 2.59 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO50 Er G 5.45 1.52 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TO51 Er G 4.23 1.62 G Tr G E 0 G 15 15 TO52 Er G 5.60 1.81 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 3 3 TO53 Er G 6.05 1.71 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO54 Er G 4.72 1.71 G Tr G E 0 G 15 10 TO7 Er G 5.66 1.54 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10

131

Appendix 4 continued. Pedi MaxS Sep SepT Sep Sep Sep SepT SepM SepA SepLa Tag Pedi Pub epLe TuDi uPub Shap Pub Mar ooNo arPub bApA tApA TO8 Er G 6.03 1.79 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 5 5 TO9 Er G 6.50 1.62 G Tr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TP1 Df G 6.132 2.23 G NTr-Acm, Df G Se-E, Hy 2 G 5 10 TP10 Df G 5.62 2.32 G Tr G E 0 G 10 10 TP12 Df G 6.64 1.55 G NTr G Se-Lc-E 0 G 5 5 TP14 Df G 6.07 2.58 G NTr, Df G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TP15 Df G 5.84 2.16 G NTr, Df G Se-E, Hy 3 G 5 5 TP16 Df G 5.11 2.21 G NTr G E, Hy 0 G 10 10 TP17 Df G 6.27 1.61 G NTr G Se-E, Hy 0 G 10 10 TP18 Df G 6.00 2.08 G Tr, Df G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TP20 Df G 5.39 1.81 G NTr, Df G E-Se 3 G 3 3 TP22 Df G 4.74 1.71 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TP23 Df G 5.21 1.46 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 3 G 5 5 TP25 Df G 5.50 1.80 G Tr-Acm G Lc-E, Hy 2 G 5 5 TP26 Df G 4.52 1.72 G NTr-Tr G E-Se, Hy 3 G 5 5 TP27 Df G 5.20 1.42 G NTr, Df G E-Se, Hy 2 G 5 5 TP28 Df G 6.34 1.42 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TP29 Df G 5.22 1.54 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TP3 Df G 6.18 1.49 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TP30 Df G 5.72 1.58 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 5 5 TP31 Df G 4.70 1.51 G NTr G E 0 G 5 5 TP32 Df G 6.22 1.67 G NTr G E 0 G 10 5 TP33 Df G 5.61 1.57 G NTr G E-Se 0 G 5 10 TP34 Df G 4.50 1.19 G NTr, Df G E 0 G 5 5 TP35 Df G 5.70 1.19 G NTr G E-Se 0 G 5 5 TP37 Er G 5.62 1.61 G Tr G Se-E 4 G 5 5 TP38 Df G 4.46 1.55 G NTr G E 0 G 10 10 TP4 Df G 4.39 1.61 G Tr G E 0 G 10 10 TP40 Df G 6.12 1.91 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 10 5 TP41 Df G 4.57 1.94 G Tr G E-Se, Hy 0 G 10 10 TP42 Df G 4.01 1.47 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 5 5 TP43 Df G 5.32 2.04 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 2 G 10 10 TP44 Df G 6.98 1.98 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 1 G 10 10 TP45 Er G 6.60 1.80 G NTr G E-Se, Hy 4 G 5 5 TP6 Df G 5.40 1.89 G NTr, Df G E 0 G 10 15 TP7 Df G 4.44 1.69 G NTr-Acm, Df G E-Se 0 G 10 10 TP8 Df G 5.81 2.13 G NTr-Acm G E 0 G 10 10 TP9 Df G 4.50 1.92 G Tr G E 0 G 20 15

132

Appendix 4 continued. SepA Ban BanLa BanLa BanL BanL Win WingLa WingL WingL WingL Tag dApA Col mShap mBas amAp amLe gCol mShap amLe amBas amMar TB1 5 Pi-PPi Ov C Obt-Ap 4.52 Pi-PPi El 2.42 Au E TB10 5 Rd Ov R Cs 5.12 Rd Ov 2.31 Au E TB11 3 PPi El Sa Cs 5.38 PPi Ov 2.84 Au E TB13 5 Pi Ov T Cs 5.75 Pi Ov 2.44 Au E TB14 5 Pi Ov R Acm 5.03 Pi Ov 2.35 Au E TB15 5 Pi El R Ap 5.27 Pi Ov 2.63 Au E TB16 5 Pi Ov T Ap 4.67 Pi Or 2.21 Au E TB17 5 Pi El T R 4.27 Pi Ov 2.24 Au E TB19 3 Pi El Obq Ap 5.37 Pi El 2.34 Au E TB2 5 Pi Ov T Ap 5.55 Pi Or 2.67 Au E TB20 5 NA El T R 5.15 NA El 1.93 Au E TB21 5 Rd El T Ap 5.17 Rd Or 2.34 Au E TB22 5 Rd-Pi El T Ap 4.02 Rd-Pi Ov 1.60 Au E TB23 5 NA Ov R Ap 4.58 NA El 2.10 Au E TB26 5 Pi El R Ap 4.86 Pi Ov 2.39 Au E TB27 5 Pi El T Ap-R 5.24 Pi Or 2.36 Au E TB28 10 Pi Ov T Ap 4.83 Pi Ov 2.17 Au E TB29 10 Pi El T Ap 4.49 Pi Or 2.29 Au E TB3 5 NA El R Ap 4.36 NA Ov 2.06 Au E TB30 5 PPi Ov T Ap 4.64 PPi Or 2.10 Au E TB31 5 NA Ov C Ap 5.15 NA Or 2.23 Au E TB32 10 Pi El R Ap 4.94 Pi Or 2.31 Au E TB33 3 NA Ov R Ap 4.32 NA Or 1.82 Au E TB5 5 Pi El R Ap 4.81 Pi Ov 2.02 Au E TB6 5 Rd-Pu El R Ap 4.13 Rd-Pu Ov 2.48 Au E TB8 5 NA Obo R Cs 4.40 NA Or 1.76 Au E TB9 10 NA El R Ap 4.25 NA Ov 1.98 Au E TC1 10 Pi-Lv Ov T Em-Cs 6.28 Pi-Lv El 2.72 Au E TC10 20 Pi Ov T-Sa R 8.01 Pi Ov 3.67 Au E TC12 15 PPi Ov T R 7.40 PPi NEl 3.32 Au E TC13 15 Pi Ov R Act 7.55 Pi NEl 3.27 Au E TC14 10 Pu-Pi Ov R-Au Ap 5.56 Pu-Pi Obla 2.62 Au E TC17 15 NA Ov T Act 6.45 NA El 2.83 Au E TC20 10 NA Ov T Act 6.40 NA NEl 2.71 Au E TC21 15 Pi Ov R R 7.07 Pi NEl 3.19 Au E TC23 10 Pi Ov T R-Act 6.02 Pi El 3.16 Au E TC25 15 NA Ov T R 6.64 NA El 2.83 Au E TC3 10 Pu Ov R Act-R 7.51 Pu NEl 3.16 Au E TC30 15 Pi-W Ov T Act 7.08 Pi-W El 3.07 Au E TC31 15 Pi Ov T Act 6.96 Pi-Pu-W El 3.19 Au E TC32 10 Pi Ov T Act 7.92 Rd-Pu-W El 3.45 Au E TC33 25 NA Ov T-Sa Act 6.70 NA El 3.15 Au E TC34 10 NA Ov R R 6.40 NA El 3.26 Au E TC4 10 Pu Ov R R 7.87 Pu El 3.59 Au E TC5 10 NA Ln R Cs 6.97 NA NEl 3.12 Au E TC6 20 Pi Ov R Act 6.79 Pi Ov 3.34 Au E TC7 10 Pi Ov T R 7.25 Pi El 2.84 Au E TC8 20 Pi Ln T R 6.58 Pi NEl 3.17 Au E TC9 20 Pu Ov R Cs 6.54 Pu Obl 2.89 Au E TG1 15 Pu Ov C R 5.71 Pu Obla 2.65 Au E

133

Appendix 4 continued. SepA Ban BanLa BanLa BanL BanL Win WingLa WingL WingL WingL Tag dApA Col mShap mBas amAp amLe gCol mShap amLe amBas amMar TG10 10 Pu Ov T Em 6.39 Pu Obla 2.98 Au E TG11 10 NA Ov T R 4.21 NA El 2.20 Au E TG13 10 NA Ov C R 4.60 NA El 2.13 Au E TG15 10 Pu Ov C Em 4.96 Pu El 2.32 Au E TG16 10 Pu Ov C R 5.18 Pu El 2.28 Au E TG17 10 Pu Ov C Em 5.20 Pu El 2.58 Au E TG18 10 Pu Ov T R 6.97 Pu El 3.33 Au E TG2 5 Rd-Pu Ov C Obt 6.138 Rd Obla 3.33 Au E TG20 5 NA El R R 5.11 NA El 2.73 Au E TG21 10 Pu Ov C Ap 4.77 Pu El 2.57 Au E TG22 5 NA El R R 4.79 NA El 2.52 Au E TG23 5 Pu Ov C Cs 5.68 Pu Obla 2.92 Au E TG24 10 NA Ov R Em 4.83 NA El 2.33 Au E TG25 10 NA El C Em-Ap 5.07 NA El 2.17 Au E TG26 10 NA Ov R Em 6.42 NA El-Fa 3.19 Au E TG27 10 NA Ov R Cs 6.35 NA El 3.34 Au E TG28 10 Pu Ov C Re 6.26 Pu NEl 2.92 Au E TG29 10 Rd-Pu Ov C Em 6.02 Rd-Pu Obla 2.92 Au E TG31 15 NA Ov R Ap 4.57 NA El 2.30 Au E TG32 5 W-Pi Ov R R 4.55 W-Pi Obl 2.28 Au E TG33 3 Lv Ov T-Sa R 4.25 Rd-W El 2.02 Au E TG36 10 Pu-W El-Ov R R 4.68 Pu-W NEl 2.37 Au E TG38 5 Pi Ov R R 6.21 Pi El 2.94 Au E TG4 10 Pi Ov R Cs 5.68 Pi NEl 2.89 Au E TG40 5 Pu Ov R Re 5.41 Pu El 2.61 Au E TG42 5 Pi El-Obl C Re 3.30 Pi Sp-El 1.57 Au E TG43 10 NA Ov R Ap 4.64 NA El 2.29 Au E TG44 5 NA Ov R R 4.46 NA El 2.21 Au E TG45 10 Pu-W Ov-Or T-Sa Em 5.19 Pu-W El 2.65 Au E TG48 10 NA El-Ov C R 4.65 NA NEl 2.39 Au E TG49 5 Pu-W Ov T Act 5.67 Pu-W El 2.95 Au E TG5 10 Pu-Pi Ov R R 7.23 Pu-Pi Obl 3.48 Au E TG50 5 NA Ov R R 3.40 NA Obl 2.02 Au E TG52 10 Pi-Rd Ov R Re 4.28 Pi-Rd El 2.28 Au E TG53 10 NA Ov R Re 6.29 NA El 3.05 Au E TG54 5 NA Ov R R 4.16 NA El 2.17 Au E TG55 15 Pu Ov R R-Cs 5.83 Pu-W NEl 2.70 Au E TG59 5 Rd-Pu El C Re 6.52 Rd-Pu El-Sp 2.78 Au E TG6 5 Pu Ov R Ap 6.448 Pu NEl 3.14 Au E TG60 5 NA El R R 5.14 NA NEl 2.45 Au E TG61 10 Rd-Pu Ov C R 5.37 Rd-Pu NEl 2.68 Au E TG67 10 Pu Ov C R 6.17 Pu Obla-El 2.81 Au E TG69 10 NA El R Re-Cs 5.92 NA El 2.71 Au E TG7 10 Pu-W El C R 5.694 Pu-W NEl 2.83 Au E TG70 10 NA Ov R R 6.51 NA El 3.38 Au E TG72 15 Pu Ov C R 5.15 Pu El 2.17 Au E TG73 15 Lv Ov C R 6.00 Lv El 3.19 Au E TG75 10 Pi-Pu Ov C Ap 5.00 Rd-Pu-W El 3.06 Au E TG76 5 Rd-Pu-W Ov C R 6.08 Rd-Pu-W NEl 2.98 Au E TG77 5 PPi Ov R R 4.07 Pi-W El-Fa 2.32 Au E

134

Appendix 4 continued. SepA Ban BanLa BanLa BanL BanL Win WingLa WingL WingL WingL Tag dApA Col mShap mBas amAp amLe gCol mShap amLe amBas amMar TG78 5 Rd-Pu-W Ov C Ap 5.46 Rd-Pu-W El 3.23 Au E TG8 15 Pu Ov C Re 6.58 Pu NEl 3.42 Au E TG9 10 Pu Ov C R 5.36 Pu NEl 2.57 Au E TO1 15 Rd El C Obc 3.81 Rd Sp-Obe 2.25 Au E TO10 5 NA Obe-Obl C Obc 3.99 NA Obe 2.34 Au E TO11 10 NA El C Em 4.30 NA NEl 2.40 Au E TO12 10 NA Obl C Obc 3.61 NA Obla 2.09 Au E TO13 10 Pu Obe C Bi 4.80 Pu NEl 3.00 Au E TO14 10 NA Obe C Obc-Ap 4.51 NA El 2.50 Au E TO15 15 Pu Obl C Obc 4.73 Pu NEl 2.71 Au E TO16 10 Pu-Pi Obl C Re 4.21 Pu-Pi Obl 2.42 Au E TO17 5 Pu Obl C Re 3.71 Pu NEl-Sp 2.28 Au E TO18 15 Pi El C Bi-Ap 5.08 Pi Obl 2.77 Au E TO2 10 Pu Obe R Bi 4.94 Pu El 2.98 Au E TO20 5 Pi Obl C Obc 3.48 Pi Obla 2.11 Au E TO21 5 Pu El C Bi 4.60 Pu NEl 2.49 Au E TO22 3 Pu Obl C Bi 4.61 Pu Obla 2.59 Au E TO23 10 NA El C Bi 4.08 NA NEl 2.36 Au E TO24 10 NA Obe C Bi 4.45 NA El 2.46 Au E TO25 20 NA El R Bi-Ap 5.21 NA El 2.81 Au E TO26 10 NA Obc C Obc-Cs 4.94 NA NEl-Fa 3.01 Au E TO27 10 Pi-W El C Bi 4.93 Pi-W Obla 3.03 Au E TO28 10 NA Obe R Em 4.31 NA El 2.62 Au E TO29 10 NA Obe C Re 5.57 NA El 3.04 Au E TO3 10 Pi Obe-Obc C Cs 4.51 Pi NEl 2.41 Au E TO30 15 NA Obe C Bi-Ap 5.00 NA El 2.70 Au E TO31 5 NA Obe R Obc 4.55 NA NEl 2.73 Au E TO32 10 Pu Obe C Bi 4.57 Pu Ln 3.01 Au E TO33 10 NA El C Bi 5.59 NA NEl 3.04 Au E TO34 10 NA El C Obc 4.55 NA El 2.62 Au E TO35 30 NA Obe C Obc 5.15 NA NEl 2.81 Au E TO36 5 NA Obc C Obc 4.92 NA El 2.87 Au E TO38 5 Pu El C Bi 4.84 Pu Obe 2.58 Au E TO39 10 NA El R Bi-Ap 4.11 NA El 2.59 Au E TO4 15 Pu Obe C Bi 3.40 Pu NEl 2.02 Au E TO40 10 NA Obe C Obc-Ap 5.10 NA El 2.78 Au E TO42 5 NA El R Re 4.47 NA NEl 2.45 Au E TO43 10 NA Obl C Obc 3.70 NA Obla 1.95 Au E TO45 15 Pu Obl C Re-Ap 4.87 Pu El 2.43 Au E TO46 5 Pu El C Bi 3.54 Pu El 2.40 Au E TO47 5 NA Obl C Em 4.57 NA El 2.41 Au E TO48 10 NA Obe C Re 4.46 NA NEl 2.49 Au E TO49 10 Pu Obl C Bi 5.06 Pu El 2.61 Au E TO5 10 Rd El-Dl R Em 4.32 Rd NEl 2.21 Au E TO50 10 NA Obl C Re 3.92 NA El 2.23 Au E TO51 25 NA Obl C Bi 4.26 NA El 2.39 Au E TO52 3 NA Obl C Obc 4.59 NA El 2.37 Au E TO53 5 Lv-W Obl C Re-Ap 4.40 Lv-W El 2.52 Au E TO54 10 Pu-Rd El-Ln C Re 5.77 Pu-Rd NEl 3.20 Au E TO7 10 Pi Obc C Obc 3.58 Pi Obe 2.05 Au E

135

Appendix 4 continued. SepA Ban BanLa BanLa BanL BanL Win WingLa WingL WingL WingL Tag dApA Col mShap mBas amAp amLe gCol mShap amLe amBas amMar TO8 5 Rd Obe R Em 3.97 Rd Obla 2.44 Au E TO9 10 NA Obl C Obc 4.01 NA NEl-Obl 2.07 Au E TP1 10 Rd-Pu-W Rh C Re 7.30 Rd-Pu-W NEl 3.47 Au E TP10 10 Pu Ov R R 6.64 Pu El 3.43 Au E TP12 5 NA Ov C-R Ap 6.31 NA El 2.71 Au E TP14 10 Pu Ov C Act 6.08 Pu El 3.55 Au E TP15 5 NA El R-C R 5.80 NA El-Fa 2.47 Au E TP16 10 Lv Ov-Rh C R 5.75 Pi-Pu-W El-Fa 3.14 Au E TP17 10 Rd-Pu-W Ov C Ap 4.81 Rd-Pu-W El 2.69 Au E TP18 5 Pi-Pu Ov R R 5.78 Rd-Pu-W El 2.93 Au E TP20 3 Pi Ov R Ap 5.30 Rd-Pu-W El 2.43 Au E TP22 5 Lv Ov C R-Act 5.42 Rd-Pu-W NEl 2.81 Au E TP23 5 Lv Ov C Ap 5.08 Rd-Pu-W NEl 2.77 Au E TP25 5 Pi Ov C R 5.83 Rd-Pu NEl 2.92 Au E TP26 5 NA Ov C Act 5.40 NA El 2.32 Au E TP27 5 Pi Ov-Ln C-R Act 5.40 Pi NEl-Obl 2.60 Au E TP28 5 NA Ov C R 6.59 NA NEl 3.43 Au E TP29 5 Pi Ov R Act 6.99 Pi NEl 3.97 Au E TP3 5 NA Ov R R 5.83 NA NEl 3.63 Au E TP30 5 NA Ov R T-R 5.97 NA El 3.40 Au E TP31 5 Pu Ov R Act 6.64 Pu El-Fa 3.66 Au E TP32 10 NA Ov C Re-Ap 5.87 NA El 3.35 Au E TP33 10 NA Ov R Act 5.98 NA El 3.43 Au E TP34 5 NA El C Ap 5.79 NA El 2.94 Au E TP35 5 NA Ov-Ln C R 6.41 NA El 3.37 Au E TP37 5 Pu Ov C R 5.48 Pu NEl 2.37 Au E TP38 10 NA Ov R Obt 5.43 NA El 2.96 Au E TP4 10 NA Ov R Re 5.39 NA NEl 2.84 Au E TP40 10 Lv Ov C Act 5.87 Pu-W El 3.00 Au E TP41 10 NA Ov R R 5.07 NA El 3.02 Au E TP42 5 Rd-Pu-W Ov C R 4.39 Rd-Pu-W El 2.31 Au E TP43 10 Rd-Pu-W Ov C Re 5.48 Rd-Pu-W El 2.49 Au E TP44 10 Ppi-W Ov C R 6.44 Rd-Pi-W El 2.98 Au E TP45 5 Rd-Pu-W El-Ov C R 6.12 Rd-Pu-W NEl 3.32 Au E TP6 10 NA Ov R Act 6.53 NA NEl 3.67 Au E TP7 10 Rd-Pu Ov C-T R 4.79 Rd-Pu El-Fa 2.20 Au E TP8 10 NA Ov R Obt 5.87 NA NEl 4.00 Au E TP9 15 NA Ov R Obt 5.83 NA NEl 3.54 Au E

136

Appendix 4 continued. WingL Keel KeelLa KeelL KeelL KeelLa KeelL ConFil Ov Sty Fru Fru Tag amAp Col mShap amLe amBas mMar amAp PerFu Pub Pub Shap Pub TB1 Act Pi Ov 1.79 T E Cs 78.3 G G NA NA TB10 Act Rd Ov 1.92 R E Cs 73.3 G G NA NA TB11 Obt PPi-Pi El 1.97 T E Cs 71.1 G G NA NA TB13 Act W-Pi Ov 1.92 R E Cs 76.2 G G NA NA TB14 Act W-Pi Ov 1.92 R E Act 77.2 S> G NA NA TB15 R Pi El 2.09 R E Obt 75.2 M> G NA NA TB16 Act Pi-Pu Ov 1.84 R E Cs 73.2 S> G NA NA TB17 Cs Pi Ov 1.89 T E Act 76.4 G G NA NA TB19 Obt Pi Ov 2.07 T E Cs 76.9 G G NA NA TB2 Act Pi El 1.83 T E Cs 76.4 G G NA NA TB20 Obt NA Ov 1.78 R E Act 76.7 G G NA NA TB21 Act Rd Ov 1.75 R E Cs 72.0 S> G NA NA TB22 Act Rd-Pi Ov 1.71 T E Cs 74.6 G G NA NA TB23 Act NA El 1.94 T E Act 72.7 S G NA NA TB26 Act Pi Ov 1.80 R E Cs 79.3 G G NA NA TB27 Obt Pi Ov 1.83 T E Cs 74.5 G G I G TB28 Act Pi Ov 2.01 R E Cs 72.1 G G NA NA TB29 Act Pi Ov 1.75 R E Cs 73.2 G G NA NA TB3 Act NA El-Ov 1.57 R E Cs 71.8 G G NA NA TB30 Act PPi Ov 1.91 T E Cs 75.4 G G NA NA TB31 Act NA Ov 1.78 T E Act 71.5 G G NA NA TB32 Act Pi Ov 1.70 T E Cs 72.2 G G NA NA TB33 Obt NA Ov-Dl 1.49 T E Obt 72 G G NA NA TB5 Act Pi El 1.87 R E Act 72.3 G G NA NA TB6 Obt Rd-Pu Ov 1.84 T E Cs 76.1 G G NA NA TB8 Act NA Ov-Dl 1.61 R E Cs 68.8 G G NA NA TB9 Cs NA El 1.87 T E Cs 66.2 G G NA NA TC1 Act Pi-Lv El 1.95 T E Act 73.7 M G NA NA TC10 R Pi El 2.79 T E Obt 77.6 M G NA NA TC12 R PPi El 2.58 T E Act 71.7 M G NA NA TC13 Act Pi El 2.60 T E Obt 76.5 M G I G TC14 Act Pu-Pi El 1.94 R E Act 75.8 G G NA NA TC17 Act NA El 2.39 T E Act 73.1 M> G NA NA TC20 Act NA El 2.26 T E Act 71.3 M G NA NA TC21 Act Pi Obe 2.51 T E Cs 72.6 M G NA NA TC23 Act-R Pi El 2.70 T E Act 71.1 M G NA NA TC25 Act NA El 2.42 T E Cs 68.8 M G NA NA TC3 R Pu El 2.45 T E Cs 60.5 M> G NA NA TC30 Act Pi-W El 2.44 T E Obt 68.1 M G NA NA TC31 R-Act Pi-Pu-W El 2.40 T E Obt 73.2 M G NA NA TC32 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.61 T E Cs 70.3 M G NA NA TC33 Act NA El 2.58 T E Obt 73.6 M G NA NA TC34 R NA El 2.31 T E Act 72.7 M G NA NA TC4 R Pu El 2.67 T E Cs 73.5 M G NA NA TC5 R NA El 2.16 R E Cs 70.7 S> G I S> TC6 R Pi El 2.38 R E Act 71.3 M G NA NA TC7 Obt Pi El 2.17 T E Cs 70.3 M G NA NA TC8 Act Pi El 2.22 R E Cs 71.1 G G NA NA TC9 Act Pu Ov 2.12 R E Act 73.8 M> G NA NA TG1 Act Pu El 2.22 T E Cs 76.4 G G NA NA

137

Appendix 4 continued. WingL Keel KeelLa KeelL KeelL KeelLa KeelL ConFil Ov Sty Fru Fru Tag amAp Col mShap amLe amBas mMar amAp PerFu Pub Pub Shap Pub TG10 Act Pu El 2.14 T E Cs 74.2 S> G NA NA TG11 Act NA El 1.66 T E Cs 75.5 S> G NA NA TG13 Act NA El 1.70 T E Act 73.6 M G NA NA TG15 Act Pu El 1.79 T E Act 68.8 G G NA NA TG16 Act Pu El 1.93 T-Sa E Cs 75.7 G G NA NA TG17 Act Pu El 1.98 T E Cs 78.6 M G NA NA TG18 Act Pu El 2.38 C E Obt 77.8 G G NA NA TG2 Act-R Rd Ov 2.41 T E Cs 75.9 M> G NA NA TG20 Act NA El 2.13 T E Act 71.5 M G NA NA TG21 Act-R Pu El 1.88 R E Act 70.9 M> G I G TG22 Act NA El 2.13 R E Cs 75.4 M> G NA NA TG23 Act Pu El 2.22 T E Cs 70.4 M> G NA NA TG24 R NA El 1.96 T E Cs 75.5 M> G NA NA TG25 R NA El 1.81 T E Cs 79.9 M G I S> TG26 Obt NA El 2.40 T E Act 72.0 M G NA NA TG27 Act NA El 2.39 T E Cs 70.9 M> G NA NA TG28 Act Pu El 2.20 C E Act 75.7 M G I S> TG29 Obt Rd-Pu El 2.38 T E Act 72.4 M G NA NA TG31 Act NA El 1.78 T E Cs 67.6 G G NA NA TG32 Act W-Pi El 2.00 T E Act 67.2 M G NA NA TG33 R Rd-W El 1.81 T E Cs 70.1 M G NA NA TG36 Act Pu-W El 2.23 R E Act 71.2 M G NA NA TG38 Act Pi El 2.34 T E Cs 73.6 M G NA NA TG4 Act Pi El 2.04 T E Cs 74.4 M> G NA NA TG40 Act Pu El 2.05 T E Cs 76.7 M G NA NA TG42 R Pi El 1.30 T E Obt 68.8 M G LatC G TG43 Act NA El 2.06 T E Act 71.4 M G NA NA TG44 Obt NA El 1.88 T E Cs 70.0 G G NA NA TG45 Act Pu-W El 1.99 T E Obt 73.6 S G LatC G TG48 Act NA El 1.89 T E Obt 71.3 M G NA NA TG49 Act Pu-W El 2.29 T E Act 67.4 G G NA NA TG5 Obt Pu-Pi El 2.31 C E R 77.5 G G NA NA TG50 Act NA El 1.73 C E Obt 68.2 G G I G TG52 Act-R Pi-Rd El 1.83 T E Act 72.3 M G NA NA TG53 R NA El 2.11 T E Act 71.0 M G NA NA TG54 R NA El 1.83 T E Obt 71.6 M G NA NA TG55 Act Pu-W El-Obl 1.93 T E Cs 78.1 G G NA NA TG59 Obt Rd-Pu El 2.54 T E Act-Cs 69.9 M G NA NA TG6 Act Pu El 2.23 R E Cs 75.5 M> G NA NA TG60 Act-R NA El 1.99 C E Act 68.1 M G NA NA TG61 Act Rd-Pu El 2.06 T E Act 75.0 S G NA NA TG67 Act Pu El 2.34 T E Act 75.6 G G NA NA TG69 Act NA El 2.10 R E Obt 77.9 M G NA NA TG7 Act Pu-W Obe 2.15 T E Cs 72.4 M> G NA NA TG70 Act NA El 2.17 T E Obt 74.1 G G NA NA TG72 Act Pu El 1.59 T-Sa E Obt 76.6 M G NA NA TG73 Act Lv El 2.49 T E Act 73.3 M G NA NA TG75 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.23 T E Cs 66.9 G G NA NA TG76 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.13 T E Cs 66.5 M G NA NA TG77 Act Pi-W El 1.92 T E Obt 70.0 M G NA NA

138

Appendix 4 continued. WingL Keel KeelLa KeelL KeelL KeelLa KeelL ConFil Ov Sty Fru Fru Tag amAp Col mShap amLe amBas mMar amAp PerFu Pub Pub Shap Pub TG78 Act Rd-Pu-W El 1.91 T E Act 73.6 S G NA NA TG8 Obt Pu El 2.54 T E Cs 74.5 M> G NA NA TG9 R Pu El 2.12 R E Cs 76.9 M G NA NA TO1 Obt Rd El 1.56 R E Obt 79.6 G G NA NA TO10 Obt NA El 1.82 R E Cs 72.9 G G NA NA TO11 Act NA El 1.49 T E Act 81.0 G G NA NA TO12 Act NA El 1.86 T E Obt 72.4 G G NA NA TO13 Act Pu El 1.50 R E Cs 71.0 G G NA NA TO14 Act NA El 1.72 T E Obt 73.9 G G NA NA TO15 Act Pu El 1.82 R E Act 73.2 G G LatC G TO16 Act-Bi Pu-Pi El 1.69 R E Act 79.7 G G NA NA TO17 Obt Pu El 1.63 T E Act 78.8 G G NA NA TO18 Obt Pi El 1.70 T E Act 71.7 G G NA NA TO2 Act Pu El 1.78 T E Cs 77.6 G G NA NA TO20 Act Pi El 1.51 T E Obt 77.4 G G NA NA TO21 Act Pu El 1.65 R E Obt 75.1 G G NA NA TO22 Act Pu El 1.55 T E Act 75.8 G G LatC G TO23 Act NA El 1.63 T E Act 76.8 G G NA NA TO24 Act NA Obo 1.69 R E Obt 75.4 G G NA NA TO25 Act NA Sp 1.82 R E Act 79.5 G G NA NA TO26 Act NA El 1.97 R E Act 73.8 G G NA NA TO27 Act Pi-W Obla 2.02 C E Act 75.1 G G NA NA TO28 Act NA El-Fa 1.71 R E Act 75.4 G G NA NA TO29 R-Act NA El 2.06 T E Cs 70.6 G G NA NA TO3 Act Pi El 1.60 R E Cs 77.9 G G NA NA TO30 Act NA El 1.82 R E Obt 79.1 G G NA NA TO31 R NA El 2.00 R E Obt 79.5 G G NA NA TO32 Act Pu El 1.92 R E Cs 80.1 G G NA NA TO33 Act NA El 1.95 R E Act 83.4 G G NA NA TO34 Obt NA El 1.76 R E Obt 74.4 G G NA NA TO35 Obt NA El 1.89 R E Act 73.0 G G NA NA TO36 Act NA Obe 1.91 R E Obt 74.2 G G NA NA TO38 Act Pu El 1.64 R E Cs 73.0 G G NA NA TO39 Act NA Sp 1.93 R E Cs 76.2 G G LatC G TO4 Act Pu El 1.55 C E Obt 83.9 G G NA NA TO40 Act NA El 2.00 R E Act 81.5 G G NA NA TO42 Act-Bi NA El 1.83 R E Act 82.9 G G NA NA TO43 Act NA El 1.49 R E Act 76.9 G G NA NA TO45 Act Pu El 1.76 R E Obt 75.8 G G NA NA TO46 Act Pu El 1.60 R E Cs 75.5 G G NA NA TO47 Act NA El 1.58 T E Act 83.0 G G NA NA TO48 Act NA El 1.66 R E Act 75.4 G G NA NA TO49 Act Pu El 1.63 C E Act 79.8 G G NA NA TO5 R Rd El 1.60 T E Act 75.8 G G NA NA TO50 Act NA El 1.50 R E R 81.5 G G NA NA TO51 Act NA El 1.66 C E Act 78.8 G G LatC G TO52 Act NA El 1.56 R E Obt 73.7 G G NA NA TO53 Act-Bi Lv-W Ov 1.63 T E R 76.5 G G NA NA TO54 Act Pu-Rd El 1.87 R E Obt 77.8 G G NA NA TO7 Act Pi El 1.62 R E Act 71.7 G G NA NA

139

Appendix 4 continued. WingL Keel KeelLa KeelL KeelL KeelLa KeelL ConFil Ov Sty Fru Fru Tag amAp Col mShap amLe amBas mMar amAp PerFu Pub Pub Shap Pub TO8 Act Rd El 1.70 T E Cs 77.8 G G NA NA TO9 Act-Bi NA El 1.56 R E R 78.6 G G NA NA TP1 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.76 T E Obt 70.2 G G NA NA TP10 Act Pu El-Obl 2.63 T E Cs 63.9 G G I G TP12 Act NA Ov 2.57 R E Obt 62.0 G G NA NA TP14 Act Pu El 2.60 T E Obt 72.4 G G NA NA TP15 Act NA El 2.15 T E Obt 77.2 G G LatC G TP16 Act Pi-Pu El 2.61 T E Obt 73.1 G G I G TP17 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.36 T E Act 71.3 G G NA NA TP18 Act Rd-Pu-W Ov-El 2.48 T E Cs 72.3 G G NA NA TP20 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.23 T E Act 65.4 G G NA NA TP22 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.33 T E Cs 72.5 S> G NA NA TP23 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.19 T E Cs 69.8 G G NA NA TP25 Act Rd-Pu El 2.08 T E Obt 66.0 G G I G TP26 Act NA El 2.60 T E Obt 61.5 G G NA NA TP27 Act Pi El 2.27 T E Act 74.0 G G NA NA TP28 Act NA Obe 3.12 T E Cs 64.9 G G NA NA TP29 Act Pi El 2.96 R E Cs 69.3 G G NA NA TP3 Act NA Obl-El 2.99 T E Cs 67.0 G G NA NA TP30 Act NA El 2.82 T E Cs 67.3 G G I G TP31 Act Pu El 2.86 T E Act 64.6 G G LatC G TP32 Act NA El 2.67 R E Cs 65.3 G G NA NA TP33 Act NA El 2.81 T E Cs 68.0 G G NA NA TP34 Act NA Obe-Obo 2.49 R E Obt 63.3 G G NA NA TP35 Act NA El 2.93 R E Act 67.5 G G NA NA TP37 Act Pu El 2.30 T E Act 62.6 G G NA NA TP38 Act NA El 2.50 T E Cs 64.4 G G NA NA TP4 Act NA Obl-El 2.39 R E Cs 65.4 G G NA NA TP40 Act Pu-W El 2.47 T E Obt 71.8 G G NA NA TP41 Act NA El 2.67 T E Obt 66.2 G G NA NA TP42 Act Rd-Pu-W El 1.96 T E Obt 64.5 G G NA NA TP43 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.32 T E Obt 71.3 G G NA NA TP44 Act Rd-Pi-W El 2.26 T E Cs 73.7 G G NA NA TP45 Act Rd-Pu-W El 2.55 T E Obt 69.5 G G NA NA TP6 Act NA El-Obl 2.89 T E Obt 65.5 G G NA NA TP7 Act Rd-Pu Ov 1.93 R E T 64.9 G G NA NA TP8 Act NA El-Obl 2.83 R E Cs 63.3 G G NA NA TP9 Act NA El 3.25 R E Cs 65.5 G G NA NA

140

Appendix 4 continued.

Tag FruLe FruWi SeedPerFru SeedShap SeedCol SeedLe SeedWi TB1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB13 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB19 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB21 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB27 3.11 1.81 1 Ov YM 2.10 1.32 TB28 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TB9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC13 4.13 2.29 1 Els Y 2.13 1.45 TC14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC21 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC25 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC5 4.51 2.57 1 Mt TB 2.24 1.59 TC6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TC9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

141

Appendix 4 continued.

Tag FruLe FruWi SeedPerFru SeedShap SeedCol SeedLe SeedWi TG11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG13 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG21 4.82 1.99 2 Mt YM 1.55 1.17 TG22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG25 6.38 2.17 2 Mt YM 1.83 1.11 TG26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG28 5.20 1.99 2 Mt YM 1.51 1.15 TG29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG36 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG38 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG40 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG42 4.17 2.01 2 Mt YM 1.29 1.03 TG43 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG44 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG45 4.49 2.73 2 Mt Y 1.63 1.31 TG48 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG50 4.61 2.18 2 Mt YM 1.63 1.30 TG52 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG59 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG60 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG61 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG69 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG70 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG72 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG73 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG75 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG76 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG77 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG78 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TG8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

142

Appendix 4 continued.

Tag FruLe FruWi SeedPerFru SeedShap SeedCol SeedLe SeedWi TG9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO10 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO13 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO15 3.37 2.30 2 Mt YM 1.56 1.18 TO16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO21 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO22 3.23 1.91 2 Mt BM 1.57 1.12 TO23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO25 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO28 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO35 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO36 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO38 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO39 3.87 2.40 2 Mt BM 1.72 1.33 TO4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO40 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO42 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO43 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO45 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO46 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO47 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO48 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO51 3.37 1.91 2 Mt BM 1.60 1.09 TO52 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TO9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

143

Appendix 4 continued.

Tag FruLe FruWi SeedPerFru SeedShap SeedCol SeedLe SeedWi TP10 4.31 2.41 2 Mt Y 1.75 1.38 TP12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP15 3.62 2.10 1 Gl TB 1.52 1.48 TP16 4.22 2.61 2 Gl Y 1.71 1.53 TP17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP25 3.62 2.24 2 Gl Y 1.52 1.40 TP26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP28 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP30 4.90 2.41 2 Mt Y 1.58 1.42 TP31 4.00 2.18 2 Mt YM 1.52 1.26 TP32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP35 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP37 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP38 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP40 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP42 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP43 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP44 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP45 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA TP9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA LifHis: A-annual; Ro: Sm-small, Me-medium, La-large; Ste: Er-erect, As-ascending, Pr- prostrate, De-decumbent; DegBran: N-none, L-low, M-moderate, H-high; Pubescence: G- glabrous, S-sparse, M-moderate, D-dense, *-on outer side of lateral leaflets, +-at leaflet apices, ^- on terminal leaflets, >-at distal end of ovary/fruit; Shapes: El-elliptic, NEl-narrowly elliptic, Ln- lanceolate, Ov-ovate, Fa-falcate, Li-linear, Obl-oblong, Obc-obcordate, B-bifid, Obo-obovate, Sp-spatulate, Or-orbicular, Obd-obdeltoid, Obla-oblanceolate, Obe-obelliptic, Dl-deltoid, Rh- rhombic, Act-acute, At-attenuate, LAt-long attenuate, Acm-acuminate, C-cuneate, R-rounded, Obq-oblique, Sa-sagittate, Au-auriculate, T-truncate, Cs-cuspidate, Em-emarginate, Re-retuse, Bi-bidentate, Obt-obtuse, Tr-triangular, NTr-narrowly triangular, Ap-apiculate, I-inflated, LatC- laterally compressed, Els-ellipsoidal, Mt-mitten, Gl-globular; Margins: E-entire, Se-serrate, Hy- hyaline, Dt-dentate, Lc-laciniate, Si-sinuate, Cr-crenate; Infl: U-umbel, UR-umbelliform raceme; FlorBrac: CL-cup-like, F-flap, TF-toothed flap, TrF-triangular flap, UW-united in whorl, 0- absent; Pedi: Er-erect, Df-deflexed; Colors: Pi-pink, PPi-pale pink, Pu-purple, Lv-lavender, W- white, Rd-red, Y-yellow, YM-yellow mottled, TB-tan/brown, BM-brown mottled.

144

Appendix 5. R code for selected statistical analyses.

#Standardizing data <- read.csv("06-24-19 Full data 5 species.csv") rownames(data)<-data[,1] data_stand <- scale(data[,3:72], center=TRUE, scale=TRUE)

#PCA data <- read.csv("06-28-19 6 Taxa.csv") PC<-princomp(data[,c(3:72)], cor=TRUE) lambda <- PC$sdev*sqrt(nrow(PC$scores)) plot (t(t(PC$scores)/lambda), pch=as.numeric(data[,2]), col=as.numeric(data[,2]), xlab="Comp. 1", ylab="Comp. 2") legend("bottomright",c(expression(italic("T. bifidum var. decipiens")),expression(italic("T. bifidum var. bifidum")),expression(italic("T. ciliolatum")),expression(italic("T. gracilentum")),expression(italic("T. oliganthum")),expression(italic("T. palmeri"))), pch = c(1,2,3,4,5,6),col=c("black","red","green3","blue","cyan","magenta"), horiz = FALSE, cex = 0.7)

#Getting proportional contributions of PCA loadings load <- with(PC, unclass(loadings)) aload <- abs(load) prop_loadings <- sweep(aload, 2, colSums(aload), "/") write.csv(prop_loadings, "PCA loadings.csv")

#Ward's Method CA data <- read.csv("06-28-19 6 Taxa.csv") rownames(data)<-data[,1] library(dendextend) di <- dist(data[,3:72], method="euclidean") tree_color <- as.dendrogram(hclust(di, method="ward.D")) colors_to_use <- as.numeric(data[,2]) colors_to_use <- colors_to_use[order.dendrogram(tree_color)] labels_colors(tree_color) <- colors_to_use plot(tree_color, ylab="Height") legend("topright",c(expression(italic('T. bifidum var. decipiens')),expression(italic('T. bifidum var. bifidum')),expression(italic("T. ciliolatum")),expression(italic("T. gracilentum")),expression(italic("T. oliganthum")),expression(italic("T. palmeri"))), pch = 15, col=c("black","red","green3", "blue", "cyan", "magenta"), horiz = FALSE, cex = 1)

145

Appendix 5 continued.

#ANOVA and Tukey HSD data <- read.csv("07-26-19 Box and Whisker Sign.csv") model_Sti <- aov(StiLoNu ~ Species, data) anova(model_Sti) plot(TukeyHSD(model_Sti))

#testing MANOVA assumptions grac3 <- read.csv("06-21-19 Gracilentum 14 char stand.csv") rownames(grac3)<-grac3[,1] library(MVN) gracilentum3 <-grac3[1:49,3:17] mvn(gracilentum3, subset="Region", mvnTest="hz", univariateTest="SW", univariatePlot="qq", multivariatePlot="qq", multivariateOutlierMethod = "quan", showOutliers = TRUE) library(biotools) grac_num <- grac3[1:49,4:17] region <- grac3[,3] boxM(grac_num, region)

#MANOVA dependent.vars <- cbind(grac3$StiLe, grac3$DisPetDi, grac3$InflLe, grac3$InflWi, grac3$SepTuLeMax, grac3$SepAdLoLe, grac3$BanClLe, grac3$BanWi, grac3$WingLe, grac3$WingClLe, grac3$KeelWiWide, grac3$ConFilWi, grac3$ConFilFuLe, grac3$StyLe) grac3$Region <- as.factor(grac3$Region) summary(manova(dependent.vars ~ grac3$Region))

146