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Lafayette, LA 70503, U.S.A Efg2112@Louisiana.Edu E. F. Garcia Indo-Pacific Epitoniidae NOVAPEX 4 (HS): 1-22, 10 fév. 2003 New records of Indo-Pacific Epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) with the description of nineteen new species. Emilio Fabiân GARCIA 115 OakcrestDr. Lafayette, LA 70503, U.S.A [email protected] KEYWORDS. Epitoniidae, Indo-Pacific. ABSTRACT. Thirty Indo-Pacific species of Epitoniidae are recorded, with range extensions for Acrilloscala xenicima (Melvill & Standen, 1903), Amaea gazeoides Kuroda & Habe, 1950, Cirsotrema nigosum (Kuroda & Ito, 1961), Cirsotrema plexis Dali, 1925, Claviscala solar Nakayama, 1995, Cylindriscala humerosa (Schepman, 1909), and Epitomiim (Pan-'iscala) bevdeynzerae Garcia, 2001. Nineteen new species are described. Thèse include five species in the genus Amaea: A. apexroseiis, A. boucheti, A. dihita, A. elegantiila, A lennyi; one species in the genus Boreoscala: Boreoscala ponderosa; three species in the genus Cirsotrema; C. (C.) excelsiim, C. (Dannevigena) richeri, C. (Discoscala) herosae; two species in the genus Claviscala: C pellisanserina, C. vivienneae; one species in the genus Cylindriscala: Cylindriscala paradoxa; one species in the genus Gregorioiscala: Gregorioiscala nevillei; one species in the genus Gyroscala: Gyroscala mikeleei; four species in the genus Epitonium: E. (Hirtoscala) deschampsi, E. (Lamelliscala) maestratii, E. (Paii'iscala) kastoroae, and E. (P.) juanitae: one species in the genus Periapta: Periapta weili. INTRODUCTION report new distribution records in the family Epitoniidae. Récent biodiversity exploration by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, Nouméa) This article deals mainly with the larger-sized taxa and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, of Epitoniidae, such as Amaea, Boreoscala, Paris) has brought to light many hundreds of new or Cirsotrema, Claviscala, Cylindriscala, Gyroscala, little known species of molluscs and other benthic the larger Epitonium species, and Periapta. Among invertebrates. Much of thèse explorations hâve been the material studied, nineteen undescribed species focussed in the South-West Pacific, especially New were found. However, 1 hâve also included species Caledonia, with more scattered results from South- that hâve already been described to show relative East Asian seas and the SW Indian Océan. number of species in a geographical area, as well as Background information on the expéditions, with their relative abundance. narradves of the cruises, station lists, maps, etc. can be found in Forest (1981, 1986, 1989: The most commonly spread species were Amaea MUSORSTOM 1, 2 and 3 cruises to the Philippines), gazeoides Kuroda & Habe, 1950, Cirsotrema Crosnier et al. (1997: KARUBAR cruise to eastem (Cirsotrema) plexis Dali, 1925, Epitonium Indonesia), Richer de Forges (1990, 1991, 1993) and (Epitonium) pallasi (Kiener, 1838), and Epitonium Richer de Forges & Chevillon (1996: New Caledonia (Parviscala) bevdeynzerae Garcia, 2001. cruises), Richer de Forges & Menou (1993: MUSORSTOM 7 cruise to Wallis and Futuna), Bouchet & Warén (1986: 469) hâve pointed out that Richer de Forges et al (1996: MUSORSTOM 8 the spartan morphological variation among the cruise to Vanuatu; 1999: MUSORSTOM 9 cruise to groups in Epitoniidae probably reflects a low degree the Marquesas; 2000a and b: Fiji cruises), and Roux of specialization. This similarity of fonn has created (1994: submersible cruise off New Caledonia). a lack of concensus among epitoniid workers on the As a resuit of thèse expéditions over 400 new species validity, or usefulness, of supraspecific taxonomy, of molluscs hâve been described from the deep which is almost exclusively based on shell waters off New Caledonia alone (sec, among others, morphology. After seeing the almost endless Crosnier & Bouchet 1991, Bouchet 1994, Bouchet & «variations on a thème» of the epitoniid material Marshall 2001). So far, Cirsotrema bennettorum housed at MNHN, I hâve taken a rather libéral Garcia, 2000 is the only species of Epitoniidae that approach to the taxonomy of the genus Epitonium, by has been described based on this material, housed in far the largest in number of species, realizing that MNHN. The présent paper is the first of several that some of the supraspecific taxa, as currently will contain the descriptions of new species and recognized in the family Epitoniidae, are not 1 (.1 MU 1\ liuio-Pacific lipiloniidac NovAi'ix 4 (IIS): 1-22, 10 Icv. 2003 nocossarilx naturnl groiipings, but a practical way to SBMNll: Santa Barbara Muséum of Natural History, dcal wiih Mich a large taiuil\ ol'^ similar-looking Santa Barbara, Calilbrnia, U. S. A. species. SYSTEMATICS Kilburn (1^85: 241) suggested that altluuigh llic proioconcii nia\ pro\ idc llic bcst guide lo Superlamily EPITONIOIDEA tvlaiionships wilhiii thc l-piloniidac, ccological Family EPITONIIDAE S. S. Berry, 1910 taclors iiiax pro\c to uillucncc piotoconcli tofin. Genus Amaca H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Robcrtsoii (l'-)'^)4) took this assuniption to test and Type species: Sca/aria magnifica Sowerby, 1844 studicd thc pfotocoïK'h of Cyclosicihi cchinalicosla (S. D. deBoury 1909). along dcpth gradients tVoin ncar m to 52 m. His conclusion was that tlie protoconch of C. Amaea apexroseus n. sp. ccliiiiciiicosfa ranges from 330 to 790 \xm in length Figs. 4-6 along thèse gradients, and theorized that such changes niay occur in other planktotrophic species. I Type material. Holotype MNHN length 14.9 mm, ha\e included pictures of protoconchs whenever width 4.7 mm. possible, but hâve been more concerned with the number of whorls, shape, and coloration than with Type locality. New Caledonia, Nouméa area, 22° size. 22'S, 166°15'E, 70 m [LAGON sta. 265]. Material examined. Known only from the type It has been reported (Bouchet et al., 2002) that in a material massive collecting effort in a 295-km sq. site, off the west coast of New Caledonia, the amazing amount of Distribution. New Caledonia, Nouméa area, at 70 m 2738 species of marine moUusks were collected, of (shell only). which 46 were species of Epitoniidae. The authors conclude in their study that richness the of Description. Holotype 14.9 mm in length, fragile, macrofaunal species in the Indo-Pacific has been nan-owly acuminate (width/ length 0.31). Protoconch grossly underestimated. Taking the authors' thesis multispiral (Fig. 6), of about 3.25 whorls, axially into considération, it can be observed in this epitoniid striate, opaque, conical, yellow, with a brownish-red study that, in spite of the hundreds of dredging hauls band below the suture. Teleoconch of 9 whorls; the différent donc by expéditions mentioned above, whorls convex, sculptured with numerous erect, frilly the vast majority of the spécimens were collected axial lamellae, 41 on penultimate whorl; lamellae dead. Moreover, most taxa are represented by only creating a fenestrate pattem when crossing over one or two spécimens but, while some well-known suture. Varicoid costae absent. Spiral sculpture of 8 species, such as Epitoniiim mannoratiim (Sowerby, or 9 strong, well-defined cords, 1 1 on body whorl; 1844), are represented by one spécimen, Cirsotrema cords creating a fenestrate pattem when intersecting herosae. n. sp., is represented by ten. This shows the axial lamellae; pattem reaching umbilical area. great difficulties posed in assessing the rarity of a Spaces between primary sculptural éléments almost species, its true geographical range, and the number smooth, shiny, somewhat iridescent under strong of species that inhabit certain areas. The numerous light. Base round, without basai disk. Umbilicus new species described in this study, even when covered by slight expansion on columellar area. limited to larger, more obvions supraspecific taxa, Aperture oval. Shell egg-white; first six teleoconch attest to the potential for the future discovery of whorls reddish, changing with diminishing strength many rnore new species in Epitoniidae and other from reddish- pink on the first whorl to pale pink on molluscan familles. the sixth. Ail of the material cited in this report, unless Remarks. The single spécimen is in excellent otherwise stated, is housed at the Muséum national condition, except for a chipped outer lip. The slightly d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. expanded, slightly thickened columellar area suggests the spécimen may hâve reached maturity. Abbreviations of repository institutions This taxon can only be confiised with Amaea dihtta, n. sp., with which it shares very similar structural ANSP: The Academy of Natural Sciences, pattem; however, their protoconchs differ in whorl Philadelphia, U.S.A. count; and Amaea dihita is wider, with much rnore PPPO-LIPl: Institute of Oceonology, Jakarta, convex, less numerous teleoconch whorls ( 8.5 Indonesia. whorls in an 18.9 mm spécimen vs 9 whorls in a MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 14.9 mm spécimen); with much deeper sutures; and a France. secondary pattem of spiral striae that shows in the NM: Natal Muséum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. interstices of the fenestrate pattem. E. F. Garcia Indo-Pacific Epitoniidae NOVAPEX 4 (HS): 1-22, 10 fév. 2003 Etymology. - Latin apex (noun, meaning tip), used Type locality. Indonesia, off Tanimbar Islands, 09° as a prefix; and voseiis (adj., meaning rose-colored), 26'S, 131°13'E, at 223- 225 m [KARUBAR, sta. referring to the coloration of the spécimen. CP86]. Amaea boucheti n. sp. Material examined. Only known from the type Figs. 13-15 material. Type material. Holotype MNHN length 22.1 mm, Distribution. Off Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia, at width 8.4 mm.
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