DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy of Gomphrena Globosa L. Flower Using Hot Continuous and Sonication Extraction Methods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy of Gomphrena Globosa L. Flower Using Hot Continuous and Sonication Extraction Methods INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy Of Gomphrena Globosa l. Flower Using Hot Continuous And Sonication Extraction Methods Jesse Joel T, Levin Anbu Gomez, Priti Lata Murmu Abstract: Gompherna globosa L. is a good source of betacyanin, and it is highly found in the pigment of the plant, even after drying, it retain its color for a longer period time. Betacyanins include the reddish to violet betalain pigments. Betacyanin were extracted from Gomphrena globosa l. flower using two methods of extraction. One is ultrasonic bath method, which use ethanol as solvent, which uses high frequency pressure(sound) wave to agitate the liquid. On the other hand, soxhlet uses methanol as a solvent, which is heated to reflux. Both the operations were compared to check the efficiency and yield of the product. Ultrasonic bath was more efficient than soxhlet, but soxhlet have higher yield than ultrasonic bath. After the product yield, HPLC is done for identification, quantification and molecular weight. Escherichia coli was used to test for antibacterial efficacy. Cefoxitin antibiotic disc was used to know the bacterial susceptibility. The extraction methods concentration was taken same (200, 250, 300, 350) µg/µl. The zone formation in the medium indicates that Gomphrena globosa resist the growth of bacteria, but when the Zone of inhibition was compared, the ultrasonic bath extract showed was more inhibition than Soxhlet extract. Index Terms: Gomphrena globosa l. flower, frequency pressure wave, reflux, Antibacterial efficiency —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION led to the production of many cultivars of globe amaranth such Motivation and BackgroundGomphrena globosa, commonly as those varying in flower colors that include purple, lavender, known as globe amaranth, makhmali, and vadamalli, is an magenta, red, orange, and white [1]. Carotenoids (specifically edible plant from the family Amaranthaceae. The round- on lycopene), anthocyanins and betacyanins are natural red shaped flower inflorescences are a visually dominant feature pigments found on fruits and vegetables. They pose and cultivars have been propagated to exhibit shades of antioxidant properties beneficial in the prevention of cancer magenta, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and lilac. Within the and cardiovascular disease. Recently natural coloring agents flower heads, the true flowers are small and inconspicuous. have attached increasing attention from the food industries as The flowers of globe amaranth have been used as a type of a substitute to the artificial coloring components which has herbal medicine, implying that they may contain essential oils. been discovered to cause negative impact to humans health Based on the hypothesis that globe amaranth flowers produce upon consumption there is a growing interest in the natural red and emit volatiles, the first objective of this study was to pigments in food science, due to chronic disease preventive determine what volatile compounds are emitted from the effects stability of the natural pigments should be concerned flowers of globe amaranth [1]. as it might affect the saturated of the color [2] The plant Globe amaranth is a horticultural species native to Central Gomphrena globosa grows well in different parts of America. The flower heads are tiny it features globe-shaped, Bangladesh and used traditionally for many medicinal clover-like flower heads, and 4 cm long at maturity. As a purposes. To verify the traditional uses the crude methanol tropical annual plant, globe amaranth continually blooms extract and its hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and throughout summer and early fall. Thus, it has been a favorite aqueous soluble fractions were subjected to antimicrobial, landscape plant in annual beds, rock gardens, and garden antioxidant and brine shrimp lethality bioassays. Among all borders. After being removed from the plant, the papery- extractives the hexane soluble fraction exhibited the highest textured flowers of globe amaranth can retain their color and antioxidant activity having IC50 value 13.17±0.308 µg/ml and shape for a long time. G. globosa is an outcrossing species the crude methanol extract showed significant antioxidant that is pollinated by butterflies, bees, and other insects. Floral activity with IC50 value 20.35±0.360 µg/ml [3]. G. globosa is volatiles likely play a significant role in the reproductive native to Central America including regions of Brazil, Panama, success of the plant by promoting the attraction of pollinators and Guatemala, but is now grown globally [4]. As a tropical the globe amaranth has also been popular as a cut flower and annual plant, G. globosa blooms continuously throughout a dried. Continuous germplasm selection and breeding have summer and early fall. It is very heat tolerant and fairly drought resistant, but grows best in full sun and regular moisture. ———————————————— Despite the fact that globe amaranth is an important annual Dr. Jesse Joel T, Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology flower plant and its flowers have been the subject of many and Sciences, Coimbatore – 641114. Tamil Nadu. Mob: biological studies, little, if anything, is known about its floral 9487733707, E-Mail: [email protected]. volatile chemistry. Globe amaranth is an outcrossing species. Dr. Levin Anbu Gomez, Co-Author, Assistant Professor, Flowers of globe amaranth are visited by butterflies, bees, and Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology other insects. For plants that are cross-pollinated, floral and Sciences, Coimbatore – 641114. Tamil Nadu. Mob: volatiles often play an important role in their reproductive 9487733707, E-Mail: [email protected] Ms. Priti Lata Murmu, Co-Author, is currently pursuing success by functioning as a cue to attract pollinators. In Master’s degree program in Biotechnology in Karunya addition, the flowers of globe amaranth have been used as a Institute of Technology and Sciences, India. (This information type of herbal medicine, implying that they may contain is optional; change it according to your need.) essential oils. Based on the hypothesis that globe amaranth flowers produce and emit volatiles, the first objective of this study was to determine what volatile compounds are emitted 2311 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 from the flowers of globe amaranth [1]. In Hawaii, it is calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores, including Bacillus commonly used in long-lasting leis since it retains its shape anthracis and B cereus [10]. Betanin is commercially used as and color after drying. In Nepal, the flower is used to make a a natural food dye. It can cause beeturia (red urine) and red garland during Bhai Tika, last day of Tihar. The garland is put feces in some people who are unable to break it down. The around the brother's neck by their sister for protection. This interest of the food industry in betalains has grown since they plant is popular in landscape design and cutting gardens for its were identified by in-vitro methods as antioxidants, which may vivid colors and color retention. The edible plant G. globosa protect against oxidation of low-density lipoproteins [11]. The has been used in herbal medicine. In Trinidad, the flowers are linear and nonlinear optical studies of a natural dye betacyanin boiled to make a tea which is used for baby gripe, oliguria, extracted from red beet root in the presence of silver nano cough and diabetes. Caribbean folk medicine historically used particles in colloidal solution. We synthesized silver nano globe amaranth to relieve prostate and reproductive problems particles and characterized by XRD and HRTEM. We show [5]. The purple inflorescences have been used as a remedy for how appropriate concentration of silver nanoparticles can several respiratory inflammation conditions including bronchial enable tuning of dye fluorescence efficiency. Nonlinear asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and whooping cough [6]. properties are studied using open aperture Z scan technique Recommended uses in traditional medicine range from the with Nd: YAG laser (532 nm, 7 ns, 10 Hz). We show treatment of respiratory diseases, jaundice, urinary system modification of nonlinear properties for the dye to the desired conditions, and kidney problems [4]. The flowers of G. globosa level can be achieved in the presence of silver nanoparticles. are rich in betacyanins which have a wide range of High nonlinearity we also demonstrated in PVA/Ag applications as additives and supplements in the food industry, nano/Betacaine composite films. Theoretical analysis is cosmetics, and livestock feed. Stable between pH 3 and 7, the performed using model based on nonlinear absorption of betacyanins in globe amaranth are well suited to be used as materials and scattering of metal nanoparticles [12]. The natural food dye and have a red-violet color. Betacyanins have flowers of globe amaranth have been used as a type of herbal displayed interesting medicinal characteristics as powerful medicine, implying that they may contain essential oils. Based antioxidant and chemo preventive compounds in both in vitro on the hypothesis that globe amaranth flowers produce and and in vivo models. G. globosa inflorescences extract emit volatiles, the first objective of this study was to determine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Slow-Growing Microgreen Vegetables, Herbs & Flowers Comparison Charts
    955 Benton Ave., Winslow, ME 04901 U.S.A. • Phone: Toll-Free 1-877-564-6697 • Fax: 1-800-738-6314 • Web: Johnnyseeds.com • Email: [email protected] SLOW-GROWING MICROGREEN VEGETABLES, HERBS & FLOWERS COMPARISON CHARTS Alfalfa Amaranth, Garnet Beet, Bull's Blood Beet, Early Wonder Tall Top Beet, Yellow Carrot Chard, Pink Stem Red & Red Beet Chicory, Bianca Dandelion, Red Magenta Spreen Orach, Ruby Red Purslane, Red Scallion & Shungiku Riccia Gruner Evergreen Hardy White Vegetables — Slow-Growing Microgreen Varieties (16–25 days) 5 Lbs. 25 Lbs. Part # Variety Description Flavor 1 Oz. 1/4 Lb. 1 Lb. @/Lb. @/Lb. 2150MG J Alfalfa Delicate appearance. Nutty, pea-like $3.75 $6.20 $10.80 $10.00 $9.50 2247MG J Amaranth, Garnet Red Fuchsia-colored leaves and stems. Mild, earthy $7.50 $15.05 $43.10 $38.40 $35.30 2912MG J $7.80 $16.60 $54.00 $47.70 $44.20 Beet, Bull's Blood Lofty. Red leaves, red stems. Earthy 2912M $6.75 $9.10 $25.50 $22.40 $21.00 123M Beet, Early Wonder Tall Top Lofty. Bright green leaves, red stems. Earthy $5.15 $6.75 $14.50 $11.30 $10.40 4544MG J NEW Beet, Red Beet Lofty. Bright green leaves, red stems. Earthy $6.25 $8.25 $18.70 $16.80 $14.50 2965MG J NEW Beet, Yellow $6.50 $8.75 $25.00 $22.50 $20.20 Lofty. Bright green leaves, yellow stems. Earthy 2965M Beet, Yellow $6.35 $8.45 $22.80 $19.60 $17.20 2468MG J $7.80 $16.10 $46.70 $43.60 $38.60 Carrot Feathery leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Amaranthus Cruentus Red Amaranth
    Amaranthus cruentus L. Red Amaranth (Amaranthus chlorostachys, Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus, Amaranthus paniculatus) • This Central American species is alternately known Achita, African Spinach, Bledo, Blood Amaranth, Bush Greens, Caterpillar Amaranth, Princess Feather; Purple Amaranth, Red Shank, or Sudan Spinach; the moderately coarse textured plants typically mature at 3N to 5N (6N) with a spread of about a quarter to third of the height; leaves vary in color from yellow-green, medium green, dark green, to bronzish green depending upon the cultivar and nutritional status; leaves are simple, nar- rowly to broadly ovate; bases are acute to cuneate with tips acute to acuminate and with wavy mar- gins; the erect flower panicles are 4O to 8O long and fairly dense, varying from creamy white to blood red in color depending upon the cultivar and mature in late spring to summer depending on sowing times and regional conditions. • While this species is grown for agronomic purposes in many regions of the world, ornamental culti- vars are selected for the showy flower and fruit panicles; primary uses are as tall bedding plants to add height to island plantings or mixed boarders, or for cut flowers; the showy panicles can be very striking as cut flowers and are long lasting features as individual panicles go in the garden; after the initial flowering, plants can be deadheaded to encourage return bloom with mixed success. • The most popular of these taxa is 'Autumn Palette' which offers a of long showy panicles in autumn colors ranging from creamy white, buff, peach, deep apricot, to orange-red; 'Marvel Bronze' has wine-red panicles with darker green leaves that are flushed bronze; while touted as disease and pest resistant in many regions, flea beetles may caused severe damage to the foliage; although this is detrimental to its use as a massing or tall bedding plant, the foliar damage usually occurred late enough in the season that the late spring to summer flowers still matured sufficiently for use in fresh cut or dried arrangements.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa Technical Report 105 Vascular Plants of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National Historical Park Technical Report 106 Birds of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National Historical Park COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA Department of Botany 3 190 Maile Way Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 (808) 956-8218 Clifford W. Smith, Unit Director Technical Report 105 VASCULAR PLANTS OF PU'UHONUA 0 HONAUNAU NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Linda W. Pratt and Lyman L. Abbott National Biological Service Pacific Islands Science Center Hawaii National Park Field Station P. 0.Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 967 18 University of Hawai'i at Manoa National Park Service Cooperative Agreement CA8002-2-9004 May 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page . LIST OF FIGURES ............................................. 11 ABSTRACT .................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................2 INTRODUCTION ..............................................2 THESTUDYAREA ............................................3 Climate ................................................ 3 Geology and Soils ......................................... 3 Vegetation ..............................................5 METHODS ...................................................5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .....................................7 Plant Species Composition ...................................7 Additions to the
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Molecules from the Decarboxylation of Gomphrenins in Violet Gomphrena Globosa L.—Floral Infusions from Functional Food
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Phytochemical Molecules from the Decarboxylation of Gomphrenins in Violet Gomphrena globosa L.—Floral Infusions from Functional Food Natalia Drobnicka 1, Katarzyna Sutor 1, Agnieszka Kumorkiewicz-Jamro 1, Aneta Spórna-Kucab 1, Michał Antonik 1, Ewa Dziedzic 2, Tomasz Swiergosz´ 1 , Joanna Ortyl 3,4 and Sławomir Wybraniec 1,* 1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (N.D.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (A.K.-J.); [email protected] (A.S.-K.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (T.S.)´ 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Hugo Kołł ˛atajUniversity of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] or [email protected] 4 Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzy´nskiego14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 22 November 2020 Abstract: Herein, the generation of decarboxylated derivatives of gomphrenin pigments exhibiting potential health-promoting properties and the kinetics of their extraction during tea brewing from the purple flowers of Gomphrena globosa L. in aqueous and aqueous citric acid solutions were investigated. Time-dependent concentration monitoring of natural gomphrenins and their tentative identification was carried out by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2015 Vol
    ROSE LETTER February 2015 Vol. 39, No. 1 ROSE LETTER of The Heritage Roses Groups © Editor: Darrell g.h. Schramm [email protected] 101 Benson Ave., Vallejo, CA 94590 Publisher: Jeri & Clay Jennings Vol. 39, No. 1 CONTENTS Beyond Familiar Tea Roses . .2 Tales of White Tea Roses . 6 The Princess vs. the Rose . .11 The Rose of Many Names . .17 To Be Saved from Extinction . 21 Calendar . .22 The Rose in the Painting . 23 Rose Quiz . .28 The Rose on Our Front Cover . .30 Visit us on FACEBOOK or online at www.theheritagerosesgroup.org National Officers of Heritage Roses Groups Acting Convener: Jeri Jennings - [email protected] Membership Chair: Clay Jennings - [email protected] Secretary-Treasurer: Alice Flores - afl[email protected] William Grant - [email protected] Pam Greenewald - [email protected] Jill Perry - [email protected] Darrell g.h. Schramm - [email protected] Barbara Oliva, Honorary Member - [email protected] 1 Mlle Blanche Martignat BEYOND FAMILIAR TEA ROSES Darrell g.h. Schramm Among old rose lovers, the tea roses remain quite popular, especially in southern climes, such as Australia, California, southern France, New Zealand, Texas, and the southeastern United States. After all, they are sun loving and, with few exceptions, both drought and rain resistant. Furthermore, they can survive on utter neglect. We tea rose aficionados tend as a whole, however, to grow and discuss the same two dozen or so tea roses again and again. While we lament the loss of many heritage roses, we may at the same time promote such loss if we ignore or neglect those other teas that are increasingly less available.
    [Show full text]
  • Variety Trials and Production Methods for Vegetable Amaranth in the Northeast
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2017 Variety Trials and Production Methods for Vegetable Amaranth in the Northeast Sarah Schweig University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Schweig, Sarah, "Variety Trials and Production Methods for Vegetable Amaranth in the Northeast" (2017). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1066. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1066 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VARIETY TRIALS AND PRODUCTION METHODS FOR VEGETABLE AMARANTH IN THE NORTHEAST BY SARAH SCHWEIG A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2017 MASTER OF SCIENCE THESIS OF SARAH SCHWEIG APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor Rebecca N. Brown Brian Maynard Thomas Sproul Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2017 ABSTRACT This study investigated the production of amaranth ( Amaranthus spp.) as a leafy green in the northeastern temperate climate. Amaranth is a productive and resilient crop with cultural, economic, and nutritional significance to many cultures around the world. Growing ethnic crops in the northeastern U.S. is an opportunity for growers to expand into new and diverse markets. Amaranth’s pervasiveness in global foodways and tolerance of many biotic and abiotic stresses make it a promising option for growers to engage with the ethnic produce market and diversify production.
    [Show full text]
  • Pigweed Identification Can Be Difficult, Especially in the Early Stages of Seedling Growth As Many Species Look the Same
    PIGWEED IDENTIFICATION A Pictorial Guide to the Common Pigweeds of the Great Plains Several pigweed species are found in the Great Plains. Pigweeds commonly reduce crop yields and interfere with harvest. One means of controlling these weeds is through the use of herbicides. Recent research indicates that some pigweed species respond differently to various herbicides; therefore, proper identification is needed for good control. Pigweed identification can be difficult, especially in the early stages of seedling growth as many species look the same. Once mature, identification is less difficult but not altogether straight forward. Key features of seedling and mature plants that aid in distinguishing the pigweed species are presented in this guide. However, it is important to note that “typical” plants of each species are shown, and that variation in shape and form exists within each species. Furthermore, some pigweed species may cross to produce hybrids. These hybrid plants may exhibit characteristics of both parents. redroot pigweed smooth pigweed A generalized distribution map; photographs of seed, seedling, and mature plants; and text describing Powell amaranth other identifying features are presented for each species. The species are grouped with others that spiny amaranth have similar shape and form. tumble pigweed prostrate pigweed common waterhemp tall waterhemp Palmer amaranth Cooperative Extension Service Kansas State University, Manhattan Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) SEED (photo 1) • When seed are threshed, sepals are curved outward, and about twice the length of the seed. Sepals usually have rounded tips. 1 IMMATURE (photos 2 and 3) • Very small fine hairs are found throughout plant. • Leaf and stem surfaces are rough.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Variety Desc-On Farm Sales
    VILLAGESIDE FARM SEEDLINGS: 2021 Variety Descriptions Subject to availability, of course! Not all varieties are available at our wholesale partners. PRICES (not including sales tax): 3" pot = $3.00, 4" pot = $3.50, 6 pks and Jumbo 4 pks = $5.00 Hanging Baskets = $20 Pot Size ARTICHOKE 4” pot Early green artichoke, 'Tavor' variety for summer harvest. 1-2 primary buds. Leaves are medicinal. CABBAGE FAMILY Arugula 6-pack Delicious mustard family green. Successionally plant as it bolts in hot weather. Bees love the flowers! Bok Choi, Mei Qing *NEW* 6-pack Early season bok choi Broccoli, Diplomat 6-pack Great late summer and fall variety. Broccoli, Gypsy 6-pack Spring and summer production. First to mature. Dependable medium-sized heads. Broccoli, Imperial 6-pack Summer and fall production. Good heat tolerance. Broccolini, De Cicco 6-pack Flavorful Italian heirloom. Produces several "mini heads" with many side shoots to follow. Brussel Sprouts, Diablo 6-pack 110 days to harvest. Late fall Excellent quality sprouts. Cabbage, Farao 6-pack Early, green for fresh eating. Cabbage, Storage #4 6-pack Long season green storage cabbage. Great for Sauerkraut. Stores very well. Cabbage, Omero 6-pack Medium sized, tender and crisp red cabbage. Stores well, too. Cauliflower, Bishop 6-pack Pure white cauliflower grows medium sized heads. 65 days to harvest. Cauliflower, Puntoverde 6-pack Romanesco. Spiralled lime green heads. Nutty, flavorful and incredibly beautiful. Chinese Cabbage, Minuet 6-pack Traditional Korean Kimchi ingredient. Great in stir fries or fresh salads. Collards, Flash 6-pack Classic form, dark green leaves. Kale, Lacinato 6-pack Also called “dinosaur” type.
    [Show full text]
  • New Garden Landscaping & Nursery Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth
    Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth Gomphrena globosa 'Buddy Purple' Plant Height: 8 inches Flower Height: 12 inches Spread: 12 inches Spacing: 10 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: (annual) Other Names: Bachelor's Button Group/Class: Buddy Series Description: Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth flowers This dwarf variety is excellent for both garden and container use; purple Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder globe flowers appear in late spring and bloom into fall; extremely tough, enduring hot, humid conditions; great for sunny border fronts as well Ornamental Features Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth has masses of beautiful purple ball-shaped flowers at the ends of the stems from late spring to mid fall, which are most effective when planted in groupings. The flowers are excellent for cutting. Its oval leaves remain green in color throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth is an herbaceous annual with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition. This plant will require occasional maintenance and upkeep. Trim off the flower heads after they fade and die to encourage more blooms late into the season. It is a good choice for attracting bees and butterflies to your yard. It has no significant negative characteristics. Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Accent - Mass Planting - General Garden Use - Container Planting Planting & Growing Buddy Purple Globe Amaranth will grow to be about 8 inches tall at maturity extending to 12 inches tall with the flowers, with a spread of 12 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National
    Technical Report 105 Vascular Plants of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National Historical Park Technical Report 106 Birds of Pu'uhonua 0 Hiinaunau National Historical Park COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA Department of Botany 3 190 Maile Way Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 (808) 956-8218 Clifford W. Smith, Unit Director Technical Report 105 VASCULAR PLANTS OF PU'UHONUA 0 HONAUNAU NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Linda W. Pratt and Lyman L. Abbott National Biological Service Pacific Islands Science Center Hawaii National Park Field Station P. 0.Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 967 18 University of Hawai'i at Manoa National Park Service Cooperative Agreement CA8002-2-9004 May 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page . LIST OF FIGURES ............................................. 11 ABSTRACT .................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................2 INTRODUCTION ..............................................2 THESTUDYAREA ............................................3 Climate ................................................ 3 Geology and Soils ......................................... 3 Vegetation ..............................................5 METHODS ...................................................5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .....................................7 Plant Species Composition ...................................7 Additions to the Park's Flora ............................ 7 Species Not Found Within the Park in 1992-93 ................ 8 Alien Plant Species .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Biological Properties of Gomphrena Globosa (L.), Family: Amaranthaceae
    Md. Hamiduzzaman et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(8),4230-4232 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Investigation of Biological Properties of Gomphrena globosa (L.), Family: Amaranthaceae Md. Hamiduzzaman**1, Avijit Dey2, Md. Monir Hossain 3, A T M Zafrul Azom4 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Received on:09-05-2012; Revised on: 14-06-2012; Accepted on:22-07-2012 ABSTRACT The plant Gomphrenaglobosa (L.) is an important medicinal plant of Bangladesh and used for oliguria, heat & empacho, hypertension, cough & diabetes, expectorant for animals and many others medicinal purposes locally. In order to observe different traditional uses in laboratory, crude methanolic fraction, n-Hexane soluble fraction, carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction, chloroform soluble fraction & aqueous soluble fraction of whole plant of Gomphrenaglobosa (L.) were subjected to antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality bioassay & antimicrobial screening tests. Among the entire fractions n-Hexane soluble fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity having IC50 value (13.17±0.308) µg/ml & highest phenolic content with (57.12±0.265) mg of GAE / gm of extractives and crude methanolic fraction showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value (20.35±0.360) µg/ml & (41.02±0.49) mg of GAE / gm of extractives which represents a positive correlation between free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. Additionally chloroform soluble fraction showed significant cytotoxicity having LC50(0.331±0.029) µg/ml and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction & chloroform soluble fraction exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity having zone of inhibition (8±0.208)to (14±0.069) mm.
    [Show full text]