HELLENIC LINK–MIDWEST Newsletter a CULTURAL and SCIENTIFIC LINK with GREECE No
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HELLENIC LINK–MIDWEST Newsletter A CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC LINK WITH GREECE No. 84 April–May 2013 EDITORS: Constantine Tzanos, S. Sakellarides http://www.helleniclinkmidwest.org 22W415 McCarron Road - Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 Upcoming Events we Should be Excited by the Higgs Discovery ”. The event will take place at 3 pm at the Four Points Sheraton Toward a social history of language in Hotel, 10249 West Irving Park Road at Schiller Park Cyprus (southeast corner of Irving Park Road and Mannheim Road). Admission is free for HLM members and $5 for On Sunday, April 14, 2013, Hellenic Link–Midwest non-members. presents Professor Marina Terkourafi in a lecture titled “Toward a Social History of Language in Cyprus ”. The In recent decades, particle physicists have formulated an event will take place at 3 pm at the Four Points Sheraton elegant theory, called the “Standard Model”, which Hotel, 10249 West Irving Park Road at Schiller Park binds together the building blocks of matter and the (southeast corner of Irving Park Road and Mannheim forces that act between them. Predictions based on the Road). Admission is free for HLM members and $5 for Standard Model have so far withstood the challenge of non-members. every experiment in particle physics with extreme accuracy. Nevertheless, a key ingredient of the Standard Studies of Greek as spoken in Cyprus today draw attention Model, the Higgs boson that explains how fundamental to a generalized variety of Cypriot Greek, free from local particles acquire mass and enables the universe to evolve variation within the island, yet diverging in several ways into an interesting place, has been missing. In July from the standard spoken on the mainland. In this lecture, 2012, scientists at the world’s most powerful accelerator, after describing the main structural features of this variety, the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva, announced that Professor Terkourafi will appeal to the sociolinguistic they have observed a particle that closely resembles the notion of a koiné to establish this generalized variety as a long-sought Higgs boson. In this talk, Professor Varelas koiné and trace its evolution, arguing that an early koiné will highlight recent achievements in particle physics, already came into existence in the late 14th century, explain why the Higgs boson is so important, and playing an important role in the formation of both the discuss the pathway that led to the discovery and what modern Cypriot dialect and today’s koiné. may lie ahead. Dr. Marina Terkourafi is Associate Professor of Dr. Nikos Varelas is a Professor of Physics at the Linguistics at the University of Illinois at Urbana- University of Illinois at Chicago. He received his Ph.D. Champaign, where in 2008 she co-founded and in 1994 from the University of Rochester. He has been a subsequently co-directed the University's program in member of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Modern Greek Studies. She is a sociolinguist and Collider at the European Particle Physics Laboratory pragmatician with a keen interest in issues of implicit (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, and the D-Zero meaning (meaning which is not explicitly stated but is experiment at the Tevatron Collider at Fermi National nonetheless understood) and in expanding the traditional Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois. data pool of theoretical linguistics beyond English, to His research in CMS and D-Zero has focused on studies include less commonly studied languages, such as Greek, of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory that and their varieties. In this vein, she has published describes the strong interaction responsible for the extensively on the communicative functions of various nuclear force, on searches for more fundamental devices in Cypriot Greek (diminutives, "plural of building blocks beyond the quarks and leptons in the politeness", borrowed terms such as 'thank you' , ' sorry ' and Standard Model, and on searches for the Higgs boson. 'please '), as well as on the history of the Cypriot dialect. He is a member of the team of scientists who announced She holds a B.A. in Greek Philology from the University the discovery of the Higgs boson. He is the co- of Athens (Greece), and an M. Phil. and Ph.D. in spokesperson of the Coordinated Theoretical- Linguistics from the University of Cambridge (UK). Experimental Project on QCD (CTEQ) Collaboration. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Why we should be excited by the Higgs American Physical Society Division of Particles and discovery Fields, and the Chair of the Fermilab Users Executive On Sunday, May 19 , 2013, Hellenic Link–Midwest Committee. He has co-authored about 700 publications presents Professor Nikos Varelas in a lecture titled “ Why that have produced more than 34,000 citations. In Brief can also be used as food aid to countries with high rates of malnutrition. Eurostat: poverty in Greece The Franco-German television network Arte, is currently Nearly one in three children living in Greece are producing a documentary on the work of the Greek threatened by poverty and social exclusion, while this researchers, featuring the innovative food products and ratio reaches one in two for children having parents of a the benefits of this research to the University of low educational level, and over two in five for children Thessaly. having at least one parent of foreign nationality. According to the latest Eurostat data for 2011, Greece is From Our History in the ninth place among the 27 countries of the German atrocities in Crete European Union (EU) regarding the fraction of the population facing the threat of poverty. The specific (From: “The First Victory, Greece in the Second percentages are 30.4% for those under the age of 18, World War”, by George C. Blytas ) 31.6% for adults, and 29.3% for the elderly over the age In 1945, under the auspices of the United Nations, of 65. The corresponding rates across the EU are 27% several committees were formed to assess the atrocities for children, 24.3% for adults and 20.5% for the elderly. perpetrated in various areas of Greece. A four-member Especially vulnerable are the children having parents committee chaired by Nikos Kazantzakis investigated with a low education. From these children, one in two the atrocities in Crete. (50.2%) is threatened by poverty, while the same is true The committee began its task on 17 June 1945 and had for 28.7% of children from parents with secondary forty days to complete it and report its findings to the education and only for 7.9% of children from parents United Nations. In this limited time frame the with higher education. In the EU, the corresponding Kazantzakis committee investigated atrocities committed percentages are 49.2%, 22.4% and 7.5%. in only 106 destroyed Cretan villages. The list of affected villages given in the U. N. report does not Greek researchers create new food product include villages in which only massacres occurred, or (ekathimerini.com, March 6, 2013 ). only a few houses were destroyed. To tour the island, the committee was given an old German army car. However, Dimitris Kouretas, a professor of biochemistry and the car soon broke down and the committee had to resort biotechnology at the University of Thessaly, is one of to mules and donkeys for transportation. Moreover, twelve researchers from ten EU countries, who presented whenever estimates of damages and massacres were their findings at an event organized by the European different, the committee took the lower numbers. Commission (EC) in Brussels on February 26, 2013, on Kazantzakis states that due to time limitations, the lack innovation in the field of medicine and medical of transport, and because of reporting the lower numbers technology. The twelve scientists were selected from a of losses, the estimates of damages were low. list of 600 who submitted their proposals to the EC program. Professor Kouretas was the only representative The Kazantzakis committee describes three phases in the from southeastern Europe. Cretan holocaust. The first phase refers to the period of the battle of Crete and its direct aftermath. General Kurt Kouretas and his research team have made a Student ordered and directed the atrocities during that breakthrough in processing the byproducts of dairy period. In a directive called Operation Revenge, Student manufacturing, particularly whey. Up to now these ordered his troops to shoot civilians irrespective of age byproducts are discarded into rivers or streams, polluting or sex, to loot and burn villages to the ground, and to the natural environment and generating a chain of exterminate the male population of entire regions. The negative effects on public health, crops and the quality second phase covers the occupation, and the third refers of drinking water. In Greece, the problem is particularly to the period of German retreat. pronounced in Thessaly, one of Greece's main cheese making regions. On 26 May 1941, during the battle of Crete, the Germans entered the village Galatas near Hania after a The work of Professor Kouretas and his team, protected strenuous battle with Allied troops and Cretan civilians. by an international patent, has been published in the The Germans murdered invalid old men and women who British journal Food and Chemical Toxicology . A whey had stayed in their homes, looted the village, and protein cake developed by Professor Kouretas’ team is ordered the surrounding villages not to bury the fighters currently available in processed form as the Feedback who had been killed defending Galatas. The prohibition Cake, the Cocoa Protein Cookie, and the Feta Bar. of burials after a reprisal was imposed frequently Professor Kouretas and his team have removed a throughout Greece. dangerous source of pollution in dairy-producing areas At the village of Kandanos, under the leadership of while simultaneously creating a highly nutritious food Lieut.