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Hydrologic Effects of the 2004 Hurricane Season in Northwest Florida

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Hydrologic Effects of the 2004 Hurricane Season in Northwest Florida Hydrologic Effects of the 2004 Hurricane Season in Northwest Florida By Richard Jay Verdi Open-File Report 2005-1277 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2005 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Verdi, R.J., 2005, Hydrologic Effects of the 2004 Hurricane Season in Northwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1277, 18 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Relevance and Benefits .......................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................2 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................2 Data Collection and Presentation ......................................................................................................2 Storm Information ..........................................................................................................................................4 Tropical Storm Bonnie ..........................................................................................................................4 Hurricane Charley .................................................................................................................................4 Hurricane Frances ................................................................................................................................4 Hurricane Ivan .......................................................................................................................................6 Hurricane Jeanne .................................................................................................................................8 Precipitation....................................................................................................................................................8 Storm Surge ..................................................................................................................................................11 River Discharges and River Levels ...........................................................................................................11 Instantaneous Peak Discharges and River Levels ........................................................................11 Combined September and October Monthly Mean Discharges .................................................15 Summary........................................................................................................................................................17 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................17 Figures 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Tracks of tropical storm systems in Florida in 2004 ..................................................................1 2. Geographic and hydrologic features and gage locations in northwest Florida ................ 3 3. Satellite image of Hurricane Frances taken on September 4, 2004 ............................................4 4-5. Photographs showing: 4. Ichetucknee River at U.S. Hwy 27 ..............................................................................................5 5. House on State Road 47 near Rose Sink (Columbia County), September 11, 2004 ........... 5 6. Satellite image of Hurricane Ivan taken on September 15, 2004 ................................................6 7-10. Photographs showing: 7. Interstate 10 (I-10) bridge over Escambia Bay .........................................................................6 8. Semi truck hanging off a broken section of the I-10 bridge, Escambia Bay .......................6 9. High water flooded structures near Blackwater River in Milton ..........................................7 10. Gazebo near the Blackwater River in Milton ...........................................................................7 11. Satellite image of Hurricane Jeanne image taken on September 25, 2004 ................................8 12. Photos of house on South Country Club Road in the southeast portion of Lake City situated in a hollow below the L.P. Hill Dam near Alligator Lake (September 11, 2004); and post-Hurricane Jeanne photograph ........................................................................................12 iv 13-15. River level hydrographs of: 13. Waccasassa River near Gulf Hammock, Fla.; Suwannee River above Gopher River near Suwannee, Fla.; and Aucilla River near mouth near Nutall Rise, Fla., showing storm surge and flood peak from Hurricane Frances ........12 14. Yellow River near Milton, Fla.; Escambia River near Molino, Fla.; and Escambia River near Gonzalez, Fla., showing storm surge and flood peak from Hurricane Ivan ...............................................................................................................12 15. Waccasassa River near Gulf Hammock, Fla.; Suwannee River above Gopher River near Suwannee, Fla.; and Aucilla River near mouth near Nutall Rise, Fla., showing storm surge and flood peak from Hurricane Jeanne ...............................13 16. Discharge hydrograph of the Suwannee River at White Springs, Fla.; Suwannee River at Ellaville, Fla.; and Suwannee River at Branford, Fla., showing increased discharge due to rainfall from Tropical Storm Bonnie, and Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne ......................................................................................................................................13 Tables 1. Complete list of sites for this report ...............................................................................................2 2. Top ten most costly hurricanes .......................................................................................................9 3. Rainfall totals, Tropical Storm Bonnie (August 12-13, 2004) .......................................................9 4. Rainfall totals, Hurricane Frances (September 4-8, 2004) .........................................................10 5. Rainfall totals, Hurricane Ivan (September 15-17, 2004) ...........................................................11 6. Rainfall totals, Hurricane Jeanne (September 25-27, 2004) ......................................................11 7. Peak discharges and river levels at selected sites in northwest Florida produced by Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne ...................................................................................................14 8. Peak discharges and river levels at selected sites in northwest Florida produced by Hurricane Ivan ..................................................................................................................................15 9. Relation of period-of-record September and October combined monthly mean discharge to combined mean discharge for September and October 2004, Big Bend ........16 10. Relation of period-of-record September and October combined monthly mean discharge to combined mean discharge for September and October 2004, western panhandle..........................................................................................................................................16 v Conversion Factors Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer mile per hour (mi/h) 1.852 kilometer per hour cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second Abbreviations & Datum mbar millibar MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NWS National Weather Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 1929); horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Hurricane Category (miles per hour) One 74-95 Two 96-110 Three 111-130 Four 131-155 Five >155 vi Hydrologic Effects of the 2004 Hurricane Season in Northwest Florida By Richard Jay Verdi Abstract Introduction During the 2004 hurricane season, five tropical storm During August and September 2004, northwest Florida systems: Tropical Storm Bonnie, and Hurricanes Charley, experienced impacts from five tropical storm systems: Tropical Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne caused significant amounts of Storm Bonnie, and Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and rainfall, storm surge,
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