Quick Fact Friday

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QUICK FACT FRIDAY As we celebrate our Nation's birthday, the Historical Commission is using the pages of its Quick Fact Friday to focus on local history at that time. As many are aware and as featured in last week's Quick Fact Friday, the Lowcountry was seized by the British during the Revolutionary War. Another brief account follows. The siege began in early April of 1780 when the British marched on Charleston via James Island as part of Britain's renewed focus on the southern colonies. Although the American colonists were drastically out numbered 2 to 1, they held off the British army for over a month. However, after numerous forts were captured by the British, including Lempriere's Point Battery and the Shem Creek Lunette in Mount Pleasant, the Continental Army had no choice but to retreat. On May 12, 1780, with the unconditional surrender of Major General Benjamin Lincoln to British Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton, the British captured approximately 5,266 prisoners, 311 artillery pieces, 9,178 artillery rounds, 5,916 muskets, 33,000 rounds of ammunition, 212 hand grenades, 15 Regimental colours, 49 ships and 120 boats, plus 376 barrels of flour, and large magazines of rum, rice and indigo. Thankfully, this devastating blow did not slow the resolve of the Continental Army! For more information: SC Battleground Trust / Mount Pleasant Revolutionary War Map, Mount Pleasant Historical Marker Map, and Historical Markers in Mount Pleasant. Image credit: https://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/800401-charleston/ The Town of Mount Pleasant Historical Commission releases Quick Fact Fridays about the history of Mount Pleasant and about the Commission, its programs and activities. Historical facts are drawn largely from the Our History section of the Town's website. Follow the link below to discover what makes Mount Pleasant such a distinctive historical place! To receive Quick Fact Friday messages and other Town notifications, sign up for Notify Me alerts here. Our History STAY CONNECTED:.

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'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors.
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Henry Clinton Papers, Volume Descriptions
Henry Clinton Papers William L. Clements Library Volume Descriptions The University of Michigan Finding Aid: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/clementsead/umich-wcl-M-42cli?view=text Major Themes and Events in the Volumes of the Chronological Series of the Henry Clinton papers Volume 1 1736-1763 • Death of George Clinton and distribution of estate • Henry Clinton's property in North America • Clinton's account of his actions in Seven Years War including his wounding at the Battle of Friedberg Volume 2 1764-1766 • Dispersal of George Clinton estate • Mary Dunckerley's account of bearing Thomas Dunckerley, illegitimate child of King George II • Clinton promoted to colonel of 12th Regiment of Foot • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot Volume 3 January 1-July 23, 1767 • Clinton's marriage to Harriet Carter • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Clinton's property in North America Volume 4 August 14, 1767-[1767] • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Relations between British and Cherokee Indians • Death of Anne (Carle) Clinton and distribution of her estate Volume 5 January 3, 1768-[1768] • Matters concerning 12th Regiment of Foot • Clinton discusses military tactics • Finances of Mary (Clinton) Willes, sister of Henry Clinton Volume 6 January 3, 1768-[1769] • Birth of Augusta Clinton • Henry Clinton's finances and property in North America Volume 7 January 9, 1770-[1771] • Matters concerning the 12th Regiment of Foot • Inventory of Clinton's possessions • William Henry Clinton born • Inspection of ports Volume 8 January 9, 1772-May
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Siege of Charleston -‐ Conflict & Dates: the Siege of Charleston Took P
These contained an expeditionary force of around Siege of Charleston - Conflict & Dates: 8,500 men. The Siege of Charleston took place from March 29 Siege of Charleston - Coming Ashore: to May 12, 1780, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Shortly after putting to sea, Clinton's fleet was beset by a series of intense storms which Armies & Commanders scattered his ships. Regrouping off Tybee Roads, Clinton landed a small diversionary force in Georgia before sailing north with the bulk of the Americans fleet to Edisto Inlet approximately 30 miles south of Charleston. Unwilling to attempt forcing the · MaJor General BenJamin Lincoln harbor as in 1776, he ordered his army to begin · Commodore Abraham Whipple landing on Simmons Island on February 11 and · 5,500 men planned to approach the city by an overland route. Three days later British forces advanced on Stono British Ferry but withdrew upon spotting American troops. · Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton Returning the next day, they found the ferry · rising to 10,000-14,000 men abandoned. Fortifying the area, they pressed on towards Charleston and crossed to James Island. Siege of Charleston - Background: In late February, Clinton's men skirmished with American forces led by Chevalier Pierre-François Vernier and Lieutenant Colonel Francis Marion. In 1779, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton Through the rest of the month and into early began making plans for an attack on the Southern March, the British wrested control of James Island colonies. This was largely encouraged by a belief and captured Fort Johnson which guarded the that Loyalist support in the region was strong and southern approaches to Charleston harbor.
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Guide to Canadian Sources Related to Southern Revolutionary War
Research Project for Southern Revolutionary War National Parks National Parks Service Solicitation Number: 500010388 GUIDE TO CANADIAN SOURCES RELATED TO SOUTHERN REVOLUTIONARY WAR NATIONAL PARKS by Donald E. Graves Ensign Heritage Consulting PO Box 282 Carleton Place, Ontario Canada, K7C 3P4 in conjunction with REEP INC. PO Box 2524 Leesburg, VA 20177 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND GUIDE TO CONTENTS OF STUDY 1A: Object of Study 1 1B: Summary of Survey of Relevant Primary Sources in Canada 1 1C: Expanding the Scope of the Study 3 1D: Criteria for the Inclusion of Material 3 1E: Special Interest Groups (1): The Southern Loyalists 4 1F: Special Interest Groups (2): Native Americans 7 1G: Special Interest Groups (3): African-American Loyalists 7 1H: Special Interest Groups (4): Women Loyalists 8 1I: Military Units that Fought in the South 9 1J: A Guide to the Component Parts of this Study 9 PART 2: SURVEY OF ARCHIVAL SOURCES IN CANADA Introduction 11 Ontario Queen's University Archives, Kingston 11 University of Western Ontario, London 11 National Archives of Canada, Ottawa 11 National Library of Canada, Ottawa 27 Archives of Ontario, Toronto 28 Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library 29 Quebec Archives Nationales de Quebec, Montreal 30 McCord Museum / McGill University Archives, Montreal 30 Archives de l'Universite de Montreal 30 New Brunswick 32 Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Fredericton 32 Harriet Irving Memorial Library, Fredericton 32 University of New Brunswick Archives, Fredericton 32 New Brunswick Museum Archives,
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American Revolution Study Guide Test: Wednesday, December 18Th
Name: _____________________________ Signature: __________________________ American Revolution Study Guide Test: Wednesday, December 18th For this test, you will need to know about the events that took place during the American Revolution, beginning with the Battles of Lexington and Concord until the signing of the Treaty of Paris that ended the war. YOU MUST KNOW THE BATTLES IN ORDER. Specific dates are not needed to be memorized, but locations are. I have tried to underline key words that you need to know are connected to the topic above them. You may have questions on your test that reflect on the causes of the war. Once you learn something and are tested on it, it is fair game to come back up again! ☺ Battle of Lexington and Concord • FIRST BATTLE • Where? small town near Boston • Who Won? colonial militias (Americans) • The British heard that colonists were gathering weapons, so they headed towards Lexington from Boston. Paul Revere and two others warned the militias (minutemen) during his midnight ride. The minutemen were waiting for the British soldiers. Shots were fired, and this became known as the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” because of the impact in had on other nations around the world. Second Continental Congress • The delegates from the First Continental Congress came back together to meet and decided to create a Continental Army. They named George Washington as Commander-in-Chief. They also decided it would be necessary to declare independence from Britain. Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Signed and approved July 4, 1776 • Purpose – to declare the colonies free from England/Great Britain • Listed all of the things the colonists felt that the King did wrong and why he should not rule over the people of America • Signing the Declaration of Independence was a form of treason (crime against your own government) and was punishable by death.
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South Carolina in the American Revolution
South Carolina in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati South Carolina in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Washington, D. C. October 21, 2004 – April 9, 2005 his catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the Texhibition South Carolina in the American Revolution on display from October 21, 2004, to April 9, 2005, at Anderson House, Headquarters, Library and Museum of the Society of the Cincinnati, 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20008. The exhibition is the eighth in a series focusing on the eft mainly to her own resources, contributions to the American Revolution made by the original it was through bloodshed thirteen states and the French alliance. L and devastation and the depths Generous support for this exhibition was provided by the of wretchedness that [South Carolina’s] Society of the Cincinnati of the State of South Carolina. citizens were to bring her back to her place in the republic by their own heroic courage Also available: and self devotion, having suffered more, Massachusetts in the American Revolution: “Let It Begin Here” (1997) New York in the American Revolution (1998) and dared more, and achieved more New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) than the men of any other state. Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) — George Bancroft, (2002) Delaware in the American Revolution History of the United States (1857) Georgia in the American Revolution (2003) Text by Ellen McCallister Clark Front cover illustration: Captain Jacob Shubrick by Henry Benbridge.
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When Freedom Wore a Red Coat
1 2014 Harmon Memorial Lecture “Abandoned to the Arts & Arms of the Enemy”: Placing the 1781 Virginia Campaign in Its Racial and Political Context by Gregory J. W. Urwin Professor of History Temple University Research for this lecture was funded in part by an Earhart Foundation Fellowship on American History from the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan; a Tyree-Lamb Fellowship, Society of the Cincinnati; a Mellon Research Fellowship from the Virginia Historical Society; and two Summer Research Awards from Temple University. 1 2 On October 25, 1781 – just six days after Gen. George Washington attained the apex of his military career by forcing the surrender of a British army at Yorktown, Virginia – he issued an order to his troops that has been scrupulously ignored by historians of the American Revolution. Washington directed his officers and “persons of every denomination concerned” to apprehend the “many Negroes and Mulattoes” found in and around Yorktown and consign them to guard posts on either side of the York River. There free blacks would be separated from runaway slaves who had sought freedom with the British, and steps taken to return the latter to their masters. In other words, Washington chose the moment he achieved the victory that guaranteed American independence to convert his faithful Continentals into an army of slave catchers.1 This is not the way Americans like to remember Yorktown. We prefer the vision President Ronald Reagan expressed during the festivities marking the bicentennial of that celebrated turning point thirty-three years ago. Reagan described Yorktown to a crowd of 60,000 as “a victory for the right of self-determination.
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Thepresident'smessage
Volume 6, Issue 4 Original Charter 1924 • Reactivated 1994 April 2009 TThhee PPrreessiiddeenntt’’ss MMeessssaaggee By Chaptterr Prresiidentt Wayne A.. Grriiswolld pril 19, 1775, two hundred and thirty-four years ago, our forefathers responded to what has become known as the Lexington Alarm. This alarm warned of British A troops advancing toward two small towns in upper Massachusetts. The regulars were coming! And men, both young and old, grabbed their arms as they ran from their homes and farms toward Lexington Square. These men, your ancestors, banded together to resist tyranny and the ruthless oppression levied upon them by the British government. It was in Lexington that the “shot heard ‘round the world” began our ancestors’ life and death struggle for America’s freedom and independence. To most people, the history surrounding these events is all but forgotten. Little is mentioned in our public schools and the average citizen on the street knows practically nothing. Yet it is an enormous debt that the people of this great nation owe to its Revolutionary patriots. Not only the people of these United States, but of the entire world. America’s revolutionary patriots proclaimed freedom from tyranny and in the process established a form of government that has become the envy of all nations. Our patriot ancestors were idealists. They were inspired by the highest and most beautiful of motives and we will never fully realize the hardships or the many sacrifices that they made. But what we do know is that they laid down their lives and that they shed their blood for America’s freedom and independence, and as long as these United States shall endure the task of commemorating their selfless deeds must be continued.
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GUILFORD COURTHOUSE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR Stewart L
GUILFORD COURTHOUSE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stewart L. Udall, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, Director HISTORICAL HANDBOOK NUMBER THIRTY This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. It is printed by the Government Printing Office and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price 35 cents. FOR YOUR SAFETY F«d«tri.„, Tlewln< the hattM. forgetful .nj • ««ei«i can become •c""' •"«« "inttentive to tr.ffi. n D• •~~ .,..„ .„., „r„, „;;,"x "»-" GUILFORD COURTHOUSE National Military Park NORTH CAROLINA by Courtland T. Reid (Based on original historical narrative by William P. Brandon) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES NO. 30 Washington, D.C., 1959 (Reprint 1961) The National Park System, of which Guilford Courthouse National Military Park is a unit, is dedicated to con serving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and inspiration of its people. Contents Page THE SOUTHERN CAMPAIGN 1 SWEEP THROUGH GEORGIA 3 SIEGE OF CHARLESTON 3 BATTLE OF CAMDEN 3 BATTLE OF KINGS MOUNTAIN 5 GREENE APPOINTED SOUTHERN COMMANDER 6 BATTLE OF COWPENS 7 RACE FOR THE RIVER CROSSINGS 10 THE BATTLE OF GUILFORD COURTHOUSE BEGINS 11 AMERICAN LINES 12 BRITISH LINES 14 ATTACK ON THE FIRST LINE 17 ATTACK ON THE SECOND LINE 17 ATTACK ON THE THIRD LINE 20 AMERICAN WITHDRAWAL 22 THE ROAD TO YORKTOWN 23 GUIDE TO THE AREA 27 THE GUILFORD BATTLE GROUND COMPANY 35 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL MILITARY PARK...
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Rev War Battleground
ABattleground of Freedom South Carolina in the Fight for Independence By Ray Sigmon With the 225th Anniversary of the American Revolution, it is only fitting that the motto from South Carolina’s Bicentennial American Revolution celebration, “Battleground of Freedom,” is beingused again for this anniversary. s one of the 13 original Colonies, South Unfortunately for the British, their harsh rule and Carolina took a lead in the War for “no quarter” attitude in battle led to a re-emergence Independence and more than 200 battles of American resistance in the Backcountry. By late A 1780, the British had their hands full with the likes and military engagements are recorded on its soil. During the early years of the Revolutionary War, of Andrew Pickens, William Bratton, Francis 1775-76, South Carolina Patriots defeated a British Marion, William Hill and Thomas Sumter, to name fleet in Charleston harbor, quelled the Loyalist’s a few Revolutionary leaders. (British sympathizers) resistance and crushed a One by one, battles at Kings Mountain, Cowpens, British backed Cherokee uprising in the Ninety Six and Eutaw Springs led to the collapse of Backcountry. For the next two and a half years South British control of the interior. By 1782, the country- Carolina remained relatively quiet. Backcountry side had been liberated and the British and their farmers planted their crops and Charleston mer- supporters were trapped in Charleston surrounded by chants sent ships loaded with rice, cotton and indi- American forces. In December 1782, the British go to ports around the world. But this was to be the army departed Charleston along with 4,200 calm before the storm.
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Finding Aid on Prisoners of War
David Library of the American Revolution Finding Aid on Prisoners of War including the Peter Force Collection: Prisoner-of-War Papers (William Augustus Atlee Papers; Lancaster Committee of Safety Papers and Minutes Transcripts; Lists of Prisoners) Johannes Schwalm Historical Association Collection: (Prisoner-of-War Papers from Thomas Bradford Papers and Elias Boudinot Papers) Elias Boudinot Letterbook 1777-1778 Horatio Gates Papers: Prisoner-of-War Returns Prepared by David Swain, Volunteer Researcher, December 2016 Table of Contents Manuscript Sources—Prisoner-of-War Papers 1 Peter Force Collection (Library of Congress) 1 Johannes Schwalm Historical Association Collection (Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Library of Congress) 2 Elias Boudinot Letterbook (State Historical Society 3 of Wisconsin) Horatio Gates Papers (New York Historical Society) 4 General Index 5 Introduction 13 Overview 13 Untangling the Categories of Manuscripts from their 15 Interrelated Sources People Involved in Prisoner-of-War Matters 18 Key People 19 Elias Boudinot 20 Thomas Bradford 24 William Augustus Atlee 28 Friendships and Relationships 31 American Prisoner-of-War Network and System 32 Lancaster Committee of Safety Papers and Minutes 33 Prisoner-of-War Lists 34 References 37 Annotated Lists of Contents: 41 Selected Prisoner-of-War Documents William Augustus Atlee Papers 1758-1791 41 (Peter Force Collection, Series 9, Library of Congress) LancasterCommittee of safety Papers 1775-1777 97 (Peter Force Collection, Series 9, Library of Congress)
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History in the Making
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