History of Medicine

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67 Book Review Indian Journal of Neurotrauma (IJNT) 2006, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 67 History of Medicine D Samarender Reddy MBBS, MA (Economics) Paras Publishers, Hyderabad Pages 321. Price: INR 110 History of medicine written by Dr D Samarender Reddy is an out of the ordinary paperback by a doctor who is a MA in Economics from University of Florida. The most appealing part of the book is that it is a tribute to the great men and women who laid the foundation of modern medicine as practiced today. The painstaking research done by Reddy is evident from the first chapter on Prehistoric Medicine wherein he deals with disease transmission in the Neolithic period, witchcraft and the practice of trephination on skulls in that era. The earliest code of Medical ethics, Code of Hammurabi was a dreadful code dealing with capital punishment for failures in treatment. Intricate details of the Indian, Chinese and Greek system of medicine makes interesting reading. Galen’s anatomical descriptions and Williams Harvey’s theories of Circulation are an eye opener. Louis Pasteur, Laennec, Virchow and Jenner who have shaped our understanding of modern medicine figure prominently in this well written book. The book is written in a lucid manner with engaging readability. Its flirtation with modern medicine in the last chapter on Future trends is stimulating. It would be of interest to the medical community at large and a must for all medical libraries. Paucity of bibliography and non-inclusion of antibiotics, chemotherapy, modern imaging like PET and eradication of diseases like smallpox leave the book wanting. J D Mukherji DM This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma (IJNT), Vol. 3, No. 1, 2006.

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2. Prehistoric Medicine
Prehistoric Medicine 3000 BC to AD 43 The History of Medicine This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. 1 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 How do we know? How do we know about what life was like so long ago? There were no written records available at this time, so we have to rely on the findings of archaeologists. Archaeologists have studied skeletons from prehistoric times (including ones found individually and those found in large tombs) and well-preserved bodies found in peat bogs. Cave paintings can also give evidence of what life was like. What type of evidence do you think can be discovered from the study of skeletons? 2 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 The study of skeletons and preserved bodies can yield the following evidence: what sorts of diseases prehistoric people suffered from what condition their bones and teeth were in whether physical work or warfare caused death or deformity what they ate for their last meal how old they were when they died. 3 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 4 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 5 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 6 of 13 © Boardworks Ltd 2004 Medical knowledge and beliefs Archaeologists have found some evidence that suggests what the beliefs of prehistoric people were. Cave paintings give clues about what people thought caused some diseases. Other evidence, such as charms, provide further clues about these beliefs. To confirm their ideas, historians have talked to groups of people, such as some Aborigines in Australia, whose lifestyles have not changed for thousands of years.
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The Archaeology of Regional Interaction: Religion, Warfare, And
CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii FOREWORD xi PREFACE xv 1. CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF REGIONAL INTERACTION IN THE 1 PREHISTORIC SOUTHWEST Michelle Hegmon, Kelley Hays-Gilpin, Randall H. McGuire, Alison E. Rautman, Sarah H. Schlanger PART 1: REGIONAL ISSUES AND REGIONAL SYSTEMS 2. WHAT IS A REGIONAL SYSTEM? ISSUES OF SCALE AND INTERAC- 25 TION IN THE PREHISTORIC SOUTHWEST Jill E. Neitzel 3. REGIONAL INTERACTION AND WARFARE IN THE LATE PREHIS- 41 TORIC SOUTHWEST Steven A. LeBlanc 4. SCALE, INTERACTION, AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS IN LATE PUEBLO 71 PREHISTORY Andrew I. Duff 5. REGIONAL INTERACTIONS AND REGIONAL SYSTEMS IN THE 99 PROTOHISTORIC RIO GRANDE Winifred Creamer 6. REGIONAL APPROACHES WITH UNBOUNDED SYSTEMS: THE 119 RECORD OF FOLSOM LAND USE IN NEW MEXICO AND WEST TEXAS Daniel S. Amick PART 2: INTERREGIONAL ECONOMIES AND EXCHANGE 7. THEORIZING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SOUTHWESTERN EX- 151 CHANGE Dean J. Saitta 8. NETWORKS OF SHELL ORNAMENT EXCHANGE: A CRITICAL AS- 167 SESSMENT OF PRESTIGE ECONOMIES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN SOUTHWEST Ronna J. Bradley 9. EXCHANGES, ASSUMPTIONS, AND MORTUARY GOODS IN PRE- 189 PAQUIMÉ CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO John E. Douglas v vi Contents 10. POTTERY, FOOD, HIDES, AND WOMEN: LABOR, PRODUCTION, 209 AND EXCHANGE ACROSS THE PROTOHISTORIC PLAINS–PUEBLO FRONTIER Judith A. Habicht-Mauche PART 3: BEYOND THE BORDERS OF THE TRADITIONAL SOUTHWEST 235 11. SCALE, INNOVATION, AND CHANGE IN THE DESERT WEST: A MACROREGIONAL APPROACH Steadman Upham 12. LIFE AT THE EDGE: PUEBLO SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHERN NE- 257 VADA Margaret M. Lyneis 13. FREMONT FARMERS: THE SEARCH FOR CONTEXT 275 Richard K. Talbot 14. PREHISTORIC MOVEMENTS OF NORTHERN UTO–AZTECAN 295 PEOPLES ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN EDGE OF THE SOUTH- WEST: IMPACT ON SOUTHWESTERN POPULATIONS Mark Q.
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Hunter-Gatherers of the Congo Basin 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook
HUNTER-GATHERERS OF THE CONGO BASIN 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Barry S Hewlett | 9781351514125 | | | | | Hunter-Gatherers of the Congo Basin 1st edition PDF Book RDC is also looking to expand the area of forest under protection, for which it hopes to secure compensation through emerging markets for forest carbon. Witwatersrand: University Press. Hidden categories: Pages with missing ISBNs CS1: long volume value Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Articles with long short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July Articles with unsourced statements from July Articles with unsourced statements from August All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from June Articles with unsourced statements from March Pages containing links to subscription-only content Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers. Hunter- gatherers in history, archaeology and anthropology. But many climate scientists and policymakers hope that negotiations for Kyoto's successor will include such measures. By regional model. Retrieved As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. Time, Energy and Stone Tools. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. The filling of the cuvette , however, began much earlier. Common ownership Private Public Voluntary. The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna.
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39Th International Congress of the History of Medicine
39th International Congress on the History of Medicine 39ème Congrès International d’Histoire de la Médecine 39° Congresso Internazionale di Storia della Medicina September, 5-10, 2004 BARI METAPONTO ITALY organized on behalf of the Italian Society for the History of Medicine Congress Program ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 1 Schedule SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 5 8 am - 1,15 pm REGISTRATION 2 pm - 8 pm 4 pm- 5 pm ISHM EXECUTIVE COMMITEE MEETING OPENING CEREMONY SISM President G. Armocida 6,30 pm ISHM President J. P. Tricot Congress President A. Musajo-Somma WELCOME ADDRESSES John CULE 6,45 pm A Welsh medical captain in Magna Graecia Macjei HENNEBERG - Joseph C. CARTER 7, 15 pm Archaeology and medicine: The studies of human remains of the Greek colony Metaponto Alain TOUWAIDE 7,45 pm SCIENTIFIC CONCERTO 2 MONDAY SEPTEMBER 6 ROOM PITAGORA ALCMEONE MILONE CLARKE 8 am - 9 am Master Lecture Grmek Medicine and 9 am - 11,15 am VARIA Memorial VARIA Archaeology Course COFFEE BREAK Grmek Medicine and 11,30 am - 1,15 pm VARIA Memorial VARIA Archaeology Course The Role of Medicine and History of the Arabic- 2,30 pm- 5 pm Placebo in Mathematics for VARIA Islamic-Ottoman Clinical Trial Health Devices Medicine ISHM 5 pm- 6 pm Administrative Council Meeting TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 7 ROOM PITAGORA ALCMEONE MILONE CLARKE 8 am - 9 am Master Lecture The Scientific G.M.C. Method in "Oncology: 9 am - 11,15 am VARIA VARIA Experimental History and Medicine Epistemology" COFFEE BREAK The Scientific G. M. C. ROUND TABLE Method in "Oncology: Editing History of 11,30 am - 1,15 pm VARIA Experimental History and Medicine Journals Medicine Epistemology" The Scientific Method in VESALIUS 2,30 pm - 5 pm VARIA VARIA Experimental EDITORIAL MEETING Medicine 3 WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 8 Free Day Tour 8 am departure for the Mesagne Castle The Castle Lectures Chairperson: B.
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LECTURE TWO – MEDICINE BEFORE SCIENCE Our
LECTURE TWO – MEDICINE BEFORE SCIENCE Our love affair with prehistoric medicine Since the nineteenth century, modern medicine and pharmacy has sought to associate itself with antiquity ‘Antiquity’ guarantees ‘reliability’ in medicine and health? This shapes how we interpret prehistoric and early historical evidence Physical / archaeological evidence does not necessarily indicate ‘medicine’ as we know it Influence of ideas about beauty, religion, commerce, politics? ‘Medicine’ as we understand it is a modern construct, based on the scientific method The ‘scientific method’ consists of organised efforts to come up with explanations of nature, always modifying and correcting these through systematic observations ‘Healing practices’ belonging to the pre-scientific era are not ‘medicine as we know it’ Earlier practices were not based on the scientific method The scientific method did not flower until the early Middle Ages (12th c AD) If we want to carry out reliable comparisons with modern medicine, we must go to recorded history Early recorded history is very fragmented – entire millennia are missing in some cases Only the broadest generalisations are possible about early civilisations and medical practice We are still guessing/hypothesising in some cases Recorded history may only apply to the literate/noble class of that society Ancient Egypt (c3000 BC – 300BC) Earliest ‘medical’ tradition relates to Imhotep (Later became a god) Imhotep's historicity is confirmed by two inscriptions made during his lifetime on the base of
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Neolithic Trepanation Decoded a Unifying Hypothesis
Surg Neurol Int. 2015; 6: 72. PMCID: PMC4427816 Published online 2015 May 7. PMID: 25984386 doi: 10.4103/21527806.156634: 10.4103/21527806.156634 Neolithic trepanation decoded A unifying hypothesis: Has the mystery as to why primitive surgeons performed cranial surgery been solved? Miguel A. Faria* Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery (ret.) and Adjunct Professor of Medical History (ret.), Mercer University School of Medicine; President, www.haciendapub.com, Macon, Georgia, USA Miguel A. Faria: [email protected] *Corresponding author Received 2015 Jan 26; Accepted 2015 Feb 18. Copyright : © 2015 Faria MA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The perplexing mystery of why so many trephined skulls from the Neolithic period have been uncovered all over the world representing attempts at primitive cranial surgery is discussed. More than 1500 trephined skulls have been uncovered throughout the world, from Europe and Scandinavia to North America, from Russia and China to South America (particularly in Peru). Most reported series show that from 510% of all skulls found from the Neolithic period have been trephined with single or multiple skull openings of various sizes. The unifying hypothesis proposed by the late medical historian Dr. Plinio Prioreschi (19302014) regarding the reason for these trepanations (trephinations) is analyzed. It is concluded that Dr. Prioreschi's cohesive explanation to explain the phenomenon is valid and that his intriguing hypothesis is almost certainly correct. In the opinion of this author, the mystery within an enigma has been solved.
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Irkutsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation Department of Public Health and Healthcare I.V. Orlova Irkutsk, 2020 1 УДК 61(091)(075.8)=111 ББК5гя73 О-75 Recommended by the CCMС of FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia as a study guide for foreign students, mastering educational program of higher education by the educational program of the specialty of General Medicine, Dentistry for mastering the discipline “History of Medicine” (Protocol № 1 of 28.10.2020) Author: I.V. Orlova – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of public health and healthcare, FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia Reviewers: A.V. Zavialov – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Senior teacher, Department of Clinical, Social Psychology and Humanities, FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia M.I. Vinokurova – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages with Latin and "Russian for Foreigners" Programs, FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia Orlova I.V. О-75 History of Medicine: study-guide / I. V. Orlova; FSBEI HE ISMU MOH Russia, Department of Public Health and Healthcare. – Irkutsk : ISMU, 2020. – 83 p. This textbook covers key concepts and events in the history of medicine, dating back to ancient times. The training material is presented in the form of texts. In order to assimilate the material under study and self-control, test tasks are included in it. There are drawings in the textbook. These pictures are taken from Wikipedia. The manual is intended for foreign students mastering educational programs of higher education in the educational program of the specialty General Medicine, Dentistry for mastering the discipline "History of Medicine".
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Ancient Medicine
Ancient Medicine Prehistoric Civilisation Some knowledge of prehistoric times will help you to understand prehistoric medicine. The defining characteristic of prehistoric societies is that the people of these societies could not write. They could not therefore pass on any medical knowledge beyond that which could be remembered. Most prehistoric people were nomadic – so they did not settle down and build things like hospitals, neither did they have enough consistency in their own lives to observe how all human bodies work in the same way. Prehistoric knowledge about the body and causes of disease If we assume that prehistoric people were similar to the few remaining primitive people of the modern age, we can also assume they knew little about the inner workings of the body. Some of their burial practices (where bones were stripped of the flesh, bleached and buried in different piles), however, suggest that they must have known at least something about bone structure. It is believed that prehistoric people thought that at least some illnesses were caused by evil spirits. 2 Prehistoric Surgery Australian aborigines in recent times were able to stitch up wounds and to set broken bones by encasing them in mud. The presence of healed but badly set bones in prehistoric graves, however, suggests that perhaps prehistoric people had not perfected this art. Archaeologists have certainly found examples of trephined (or trepanned) skulls in excavations of prehistoric sites. This has suggested that the motivation of these operations was medical, in so far as it was intended to remove an evil spirit which, for example, was causing epilepsy or headaches.
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Bugs & Boils Challenge
Bugs & Boils Challenge ‘Bugs and Boils’ - A History of Medicine Resource for KS3 This Book Belongs to This booklet is designed to help you to explore the topic of the History of Medicine, and to encourage you to do some ‘finding out’ before you start your GCSE History studies. Some of the questions and activities are designed to get you thinking and as such don’t necessarily have a ‘correct answer’. However we have included some answers on the last page of this booklet. To start you off… Look at these two pictures, which show surgery (patients having operations). 1) How many differences can you find between the two images? 2) What can you learn from these two pictures about how medical knowledge has changed from 1800 to the present day? 2 Prehistoric Medicine ‘Prehistoric’ means ‘before written history’. 1) What sort of problems might historians have when trying to find out about medicine in prehistoric times? ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 2.) There are some societies around the world that even in modern times have not used a written language. Can you find some examples of these? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 3) How might people without a written language pass on their knowledge from one generation to the next of how to treat illness and injuries? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 4) Belief in the spirit world was very important in prehistoric societies. People thought that getting rid of evil spirits inside you was the way to get well again. This image of a skull, which is thousands of years old, gives us a clue as to how pain and illness was sometimes treated.
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Introduction to Allied Health
Introduction to Allied Health INTRODUCTION Thanks to changing technology and advances in medicine, health career opportunities are growing rapidly. Managed care and cost containment are also shaping the health care industry. There’s more of an emphasis on providing services on an outpatient (or ambulatory) basis, limiting unnecessary services, and stressing preventive care that reduces the cost of undiagnosed and untreated medical conditions. Advances in information technology also continue to improve patient care and worker efficiency with devices such as handheld computers that record medical notes for each patient. Patient information is then electronically transferred to a main database, which creates an electronic medical record. This process eliminates paper, reduces documentation errors, and makes patient information instantly accessible. These changes create new health care job opportunities within the industry, especially in the health information management profession. According to the 2003 edition of the Occupational Outlook Handbook, published by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the following developments in health care are foreseen: Remember to regularly • Health services will add 2.8 million new jobs as demand check “My Courses” for health care increases. on your student homepage. Your • Between the years 2000 and 2010, health care instructor may post support occupations are expected to grow by 33.4%, additional resources adding 1.1 million new jobs. that you can access to enhance your • Health information technology is one of the learning experience. 20 fastest-growing occupations. 1 • Medical records and health information management technicians held approximately 136,000 jobs in 2000. • Approximately four of ten jobs are in hospitals.
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Review of Causes and Origins of Cranial Trepanation in the Sarmatian Culture of the Lower Volga Region
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 12, 2020 REVIEW OF CAUSES AND ORIGINS OF CRANIAL TREPANATION IN THE SARMATIAN CULTURE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION Evgeny V. Pererva1 1Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration»Gagarin Street, building 8, Volgograd, Russia 400066, ORCID 0000-0001-8285-44612 [email protected] Received: 14 Feb 2020 Revised and Accepted: 25 April 2020 ABSTRACT:The cranial trepanation is one of the most frequently performed operations on human skull by modern and ancient surgeons. In the scientific literature trepanation is often associated with the widespread manipulations in ancient peoples` bodies, such as deliberated head or extremities deformation, scalping, artificial scarification, decapitation, truncation of limbs, etc. Nowadays it is known that trepanation is the therapeutic or ritual manipulation performed in vivo or posthumously by various techniques. Reconsideration of all these criteria allows anthropologists evaluating the nature of development of medical knowledge of ancient societies; determining the degree of technical sophistication of ancient doctors and comprehending the traditions and customs of peoples who lived on earth in the distant past. The paper endeavors to summarize and consider cases of craniotomy on the materials dating back to the Sarmatian era. The presented study also provides an evaluation of the cases described from the point of view of the technique of carrying out the surgeries and other manipulations, and the reasons for their conduct. An attempt was made to find the sources of the spread of the tradition of skull trepanation in the nomadic peoples of the Early Iron Age inhabited the Lower Volga region.
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Journal of Military and Veterans' Health
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