Musings About Marine Life

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Channel Islands December 5th-7th HIERARCHY OF TAXONOMIC MEMORY AID CLASSIFICATION King Kingdom Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order From Family Great Genus Spain Species PHYLUM MEMBERS Porifera sponges Cnidaria corals, hydroids, sea anemone, jellyfish, sea pens Ctenophora comb jellies Platyhelminthes flatworms Ectoprocta Bryozoans Mollusca abalone, nudibranchs, octopi, squid, scallops, mussels, oysters, clams, chitons, snails Annelida plume worms Arthropoda barnacles, shrimp, crabs, lobster Echinodermata sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers Chordata tunicates, sharks, rays, skates, bony fish, mammals CORALLINE ALGAE PALM KELP GIANT KELP (Macrocystis pyrifera) FLOATS HOLD FAST ORANGE PUFFBALL ENCRUSTING SPONGE WHITE SEA PEN TUBE ANEMONE RED GORGONIAN CLUB TIPPED ANEMONE CLUB TIPPED ANEMONE (detail) WHITE-SPOTTED ROSE ANEMONE WHITE-SPOTTED ROSE ANEMONE AGGREGATING ANEMONE KEYHOLE LIMPET HILTON’S AEOLID SPANISH SHAWL EGG CASING YELLOW POROSTOME MAC FARLAND’S PROMODORID Anisodoris nobilis LIMBAUGH’S CADLINA SEA HARE CHESTNUT COWRY EXTENDED MANTLE SQUID ROE COLONIAL SAND TUBE WORM SPINY LOBSTER GIANT ACORN BARNACLE WARTY SEA CUCMBER CROWNED SEA URCHIN SHORT SPINED SEA STAR BRITTLE STAR BAT STAR BRITTLE STAR JUVENILL SEA STAR SUNFLOWER STAR Picnopodea helianthoides STALKED TUNICATE Class - Urochordata BAY GOBY KELP ROCKFISH CABEZON THORN BACK (Platyrhinoidis triseriata) Member of the guitarfish family HORN SHARK ALPHA PREDATOR Kristin Capurso John Froehlich Doug Huskins John Mc Coy.

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Dr. Y. SAVITHRI
ZOOLOGY – SEMESTER – I UNIT-II : COELENTERATA – CORALS AND CORAL REEF FORMATION IN COELENTERATA HANDOUTS PREPARED BY Dr. Y. SAVITHRI LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY GOVT. COLLEGE FOR MEN (AUTONOMOUS) KADPA 0 PHYLUM : COELENTERATA Introduction: Aristotle Knew the stinging qualities of coelenterates and considered these organisms as intermediate between plants and animals and termed them Acalephe or cnide (Gr., akalephe =nettle; cnodos = thread). They were included in the Zoophyta ( Gr; zoon= animal; phyton= plant) together with various forms from sponges to ascidians. The animal nature of coelenterates was established by Peyssonel (1723) and Trembley (1744). Linnaeus, Lamarck and Cuvier grouped the coelenterates under Radiata which included the echinoderms also because of their symmetry. Hatschek (1888) splitted Coelenterata into three distinct phyla – Spongiaria (Porifera), Cnidaria (Coelenterata) and Ctenophora. General characters of Coelenterata Leuckart (1947) separated the coelenterates from echinoderms and treated a separate phylum Coelenterata (Gr., koilos = cavity; enteron – intestine). Coelenterates are Metazoa or multicellular animals with tissue grade of organisation. These are aquatic, mostly marine except few freshwater forms like Hydra. These are sedentary or free-swimming and solitary or colonial. Individuals are radially or bi-radially symmetrical with a central gastro vascular cavity communicating to the exterior by the mouth. Diploblastic animals body wall consists of an outer layer of cells called ectoderm and inner layer of cells the endoderm. These animals exhibit the phenomenon of polymorphism. Acoelomate animals because they do not possess a second body cavity, the coelom. Short and slender tentacles provided with nematocysts; encircle the mouth in one or more whorls and helps in food capturing, ingestion, locomotion and protection.
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Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L
FA179 Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L. Morris, Elisa J. Livengood, and Frank A. Chapman2 Introduction The Lore of the Shark Sharks are magnificent animals and an exciting group Though it has been some 35 years since the shark in Steven of fishes. As a group, sharks, rays, and skates belong to Spielberg’s Jaws bit into its first unsuspecting ocean swim- the biological taxonomic class called Chondrichthyes, or mer and despite the fact that the risk of shark-bite is very cartilaginous fishes (elasmobranchs). The entire supporting small, fear of sharks still makes some people afraid to swim structure of these fish is composed primarily of cartilage in the ocean. (The chance of being struck by lightning is rather than bone. There are some 400 described species of greater than the chance of shark attack.) The most en- sharks, which come in all different sizes from the 40-foot- grained shark image that comes to a person’s mind is a giant long whale shark (Rhincodon typus) to the 2-foot-long conical snout lined with multiple rows of teeth efficient at marble catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi). tearing, chomping, or crushing prey, and those lifeless and staring eyes. The very adaptations that make sharks such Although sharks have been kept in public aquariums successful predators also make some people unnecessarily since the 1860s, advances in marine aquarium systems frightened of them. This is unfortunate, since sharks are technology and increased understanding of shark biology interesting creatures and much more than ill-perceived and husbandry now allow hobbyists to maintain and enjoy mindless eating machines.
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Stomach Content Analysis of Short-Finned Pilot Whales
f MARCH 1986 STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES h (Globicephala macrorhynchus) AND NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (Mirounga angustirostris) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT by Elizabeth S. Hacker ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LJ-86-08C f This Administrative Report is issued as an informal document to ensure prompt dissemination of preliminary results, interim reports and special studies. We recommend that it not be abstracted or cited. STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALES (GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNCHUS) AND NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT Elizabeth S. Hacker College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 March 1986 S H i I , LIBRARY >66 MAR 0 2 2007 ‘ National uooarac & Atmospheric Administration U.S. Dept, of Commerce This report was prepared by Elizabeth S. Hacker under contract No. 84-ABA-02592 for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, California. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Charles W. Oliver of the Southwest Fisheries Center served as Contract Officer's Technical Representative for this contract. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LJ-86-08C CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION.................. 1 METHODS....................... 2 Sample Collection........ 2 Sample Identification.... 2 Sample Analysis.......... 3 RESULTS....................... 3 Globicephala macrorhynchus 3 Mirounga angustirostris... 4 DISCUSSION.................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............. 11 REFERENCES.............. 12 i LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Collection data for Globicephala macrorhynchus examined from the Southern California Bight........ 19 2 Collection data for Mirounga angustirostris examined from the Southern California Bight........ 20 3 Stomach contents of Globicephala macrorhynchus examined from the Southern California Bight.......
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DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
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Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve
Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve Southern California Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Established January 2012 Anacapa Island SMR, Anacapa Island SMR, Anacapa Island SMR, Copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) California scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) Horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) ROV photo by MARE/CDFW ROV photo by MARE/CDFW ROV photo by MARE/CDFW Site Overview Photos are representative of the South Coast Region and may not be within this MPA. What is an MPA? MPAs are a type of marine managed area (MMA) where marine or estuarine waters are set aside primarily to protect or conserve marine life and associated habitats. California has a coastal network of 124 protected areas designed to help increase the coherence and effectiveness of protecting the state’s marine life, habitats, and ecosystems. The network includes three types of MPA: state marine reserve (SMR), state marine conservation area (SMCA), and state marine park (SMP); one MMA: state marine recreational management area (SMRMA); and special closures. There are 119 MPAs, 5 MMAs and 15 special closures, each with unique boundaries and regulations in the network. Non-consumptive activities, restoration, and permitted scientific research are allowed. What is an SMR? An SMR is a type of MPA that protects resources by prohibit ing the recreational and/or commercial take of all marine resources. Anacapa Island SMR Key Habitats Anacapa Island SMR Overview Beaches: 0.99 miles MPA size: 11.55 square miles Rocky shores: 6.47 miles Depth range: 0 to 709 feet Surfgrass: 2.81 miles Along-shore span (shoreline): 3.1 miles Sand (all depths): 8.9 square miles Rock (all depths): 0.38 square miles Boundaries and Regulations Average kelp (1989 to 2008): 0.01 square miles Unidentified (all depths): 2.26 square miles This area includes Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve and the adjoining federal Anacapa Island Marine Where is Anacapa Island SMR? Reserve*.
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Depletion of Suspended Particulate Matter Over Coastal Reef Communities Dominated by Zooxanthellate Soft Corals
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 18 Mar Ecol Frog Ser Depletion of suspended particulate matter over coastal reef communities dominated by zooxanthellate soft corals Katharina E. Fabricius*, Michaela Dommisse Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRC Reef Research, PMB 3. Townsville, Queensland 4810. Australia ABSTRACT. Coastal reef communities dominated by zooxanthellate alcyonacean octocorals extract large quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the water column. Concentrations of SPM in water parcels, tracked by a curtain drogue, were measured before and after passing over 2 strips of soft coral dominated, near-shore reefs -200 m long, and over 2 adjacent sand-dominated strips for com- parison. The reefs were covered with 50% zooxanthellate octocorals (total standing stock: -270 g AFDW m-'; mean live tissue volume: 70 1 m-2),7 % hard corals, 15 % turf algae with bioeroding sponges underneath, and <l% other filter feeders (sponges, tunicates, and bivalves). Downstream of the reef communities, chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon and particulate phosphorus were significantly depleted. The depletion of chlorophyll averaged 35 % of the standing stock, whereas the net depletion of particulate organic carbon and particulate phosphorus was 15 and 23 %, respectively. Rates of deple- tion were simllar for the 2 reef sites and 3 sampling periods, and were independent of upstream parti- cle concentration. In contrast, concentrations of particulate nitrogen and phaeopigments were similar before and after passage across the reef sites. On the sandy sites, downstream concentrations of par- ticulate nutrients, chlorophyll and phaeopigments were all similar to upstream concentrations. The net import of particulate organic carbon into the reef was estimated as 2.5 * 1.1 g C m-' d-'.
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The Earliest Diverging Extant Scleractinian Corals Recovered by Mitochondrial Genomes Isabela G
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The earliest diverging extant scleractinian corals recovered by mitochondrial genomes Isabela G. L. Seiblitz1,2*, Kátia C. C. Capel2, Jarosław Stolarski3, Zheng Bin Randolph Quek4, Danwei Huang4,5 & Marcelo V. Kitahara1,2 Evolutionary reconstructions of scleractinian corals have a discrepant proportion of zooxanthellate reef-building species in relation to their azooxanthellate deep-sea counterparts. In particular, the earliest diverging “Basal” lineage remains poorly studied compared to “Robust” and “Complex” corals. The lack of data from corals other than reef-building species impairs a broader understanding of scleractinian evolution. Here, based on complete mitogenomes, the early onset of azooxanthellate corals is explored focusing on one of the most morphologically distinct families, Micrabaciidae. Sequenced on both Illumina and Sanger platforms, mitogenomes of four micrabaciids range from 19,048 to 19,542 bp and have gene content and order similar to the majority of scleractinians. Phylogenies containing all mitochondrial genes confrm the monophyly of Micrabaciidae as a sister group to the rest of Scleractinia. This topology not only corroborates the hypothesis of a solitary and azooxanthellate ancestor for the order, but also agrees with the unique skeletal microstructure previously found in the family. Moreover, the early-diverging position of micrabaciids followed by gardineriids reinforces the previously observed macromorphological similarities between micrabaciids and Corallimorpharia as
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Radiocarbon-Based Ages and Growth Rates of Hawaiian Deep-Sea Corals
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 327: 1–14, 2006 Published December 7 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE Radiocarbon-based ages and growth rates of Hawaiian deep-sea corals E. Brendan Roark1, 4,*, Thomas P. Guilderson2, 3, Robert B. Dunbar4, B. Lynn Ingram1, 5 1Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4740, USA 2Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, LLNL, L-397 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA 3Department of Ocean Sciences and Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA 4Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2115, USA 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4767, USA ABSTRACT: The radial growth rates and ages of 3 differ- ent groups of Hawaiian deep-sea ‘corals’ were deter- mined using radiocarbon measurements. Specimens of Corallium secundum, Gerardia sp., and Leiopathes glaberrima were collected from 450 ± 40 m depth at the Makapuu deep-sea coral bed off the southeast coast of Oahu, Hawaii, USA, using a submersible vessel (PISCES V). Specimens of Antipathes dichotoma were collected at 50 m depth off Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii. The primary source of carbon to the calcitic C. secundum skeleton is in situ dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Using ‘bomb 14C’ time markers we calculated radial growth rates of ~170 µm yr–1 and ages of 67 to 71 yr for specimens of C. secundum up to 28 cm tall. Gerardia sp., A. dichotoma, and L. glaberrima have proteinaceous skeletons, and la- bile particulate organic carbon (POC) is their primary Radiocarbon dating shows that deep-sea corals grow more source of architectural carbon.
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Coral Identification Guide 2Nd Version 2014
Coral Identification Guide 2nd version 2014 Page numbers in the text refer to ID sheets (Tracey et al 2007) Updated educational material prepared for Government observers on the identification of protected corals known to be caught incidental to fishing. This guide is a revision of the DOC Coral Identification Guide (Tracey et al. 2008) and complements: • Guide to Common Deepsea Invertebrates in New Zealand Waters (Tracey et al. 2011) • Pennatulacea (Sea Pens) Descriptions for the New Zealand Region. (Williams et al. 2014) • Antipatharia Black Corals for the New Zealand Region (Opresko et al. 2014) • Ministry for Primary Industries — Manatu Ahu Matua (MPI) instructions for the Observer Benthic Materials Form The protected coral groups listed in both the Wildlife Act (1953) and Wildlife Act amendment (2010), are highlighted. Revised by: Di Tracey, Erika Mackay, Dennis Gordon, (National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research — Taihoro Nukurangi (NIWA) Stephen Cairns and Dennis Opresko, (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.) Phil Alderslade (CSIRO, Australia) Juan Sanchez (Universidad de los Andes, Santafé de Bogotá D.C., Colombia) Gary Williams (California Academy of Sciences (CAS), San Francisco, California, U.S.A.) Photographs were supplied by the authors’ organisations (NIWA, Smithsonian Institute, CAS, CSIRO), as well as by Dr Marcelo Kitahara (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil), and Government observers. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge Ian Angus and William Arlidge (Marine Species and Threats, DOC) for their funding support and encouragement. Prepared for: Marine Species and Threats, Department of Conservation — Te Papa Atawhai, Wellington as part of the DOC14305 Project for Government. Citation: Tracey, D.; Mackay, E.; Gordon, D.; Cairns, S.; Alderslade, P.; Sanchez, J.; Williams, G.
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A Report to Noaa Deep-Sea Coral Research and Technology Program a Characterization of the Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Community O
A REPORT TO NOAA DEEP-SEA CORAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEEP-SEA CORAL AND SPONGE COMMUNITY ON PIGGY BANK IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FROM A SURVEY USING AN AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE Erica Fruh1, M. Elizabeth Clarke2 and Curt Whitmire1 1 NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Newport, OR 2 NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Seattle, WA INTRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES In 2010, the NOAA Deep-Sea Coral Research and Technology Program (DSCRTP) initiated a three- year study to advance our understanding of Deep-sea Corals (DSC) off the west coast of the U.S. During the first year of this study, a coast-wide survey of the distribution and abundance of DSC from Washington to southern California was conducted during three legs of a cruise aboard the NOAA ship McArthur II using the Kraken 2 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operated by the University of Connecticut and the SeaBED autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) operated by Northwest Fisheries Science Center and collaborators. Characterization of Deep-sea Coral Communities Area: Piggy Bank The(CINMS) final leg of this cruise focused on documenting the biology and ecology of the deep-sea coral community and habitats on Piggy Bank, a deep offshore bank in the southern California Bight. Individual habitats can be distinct based on the substrate, the influence of local currents and outside influences, such as fishing. It is located within the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and is designated as Essential Fish Habitat (EFH). The Piggy Bank study site is about 30 km2. This area contains deep, rocky habitats that support dense stands of deep-sea corals (Tissot et al.
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The State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Corals in the New Zealand Region Di Tracey1 and Freya Hjorvarsdottir2 (Eds, Comps) © 2019
The state of knowledge of deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region Di Tracey1 and Freya Hjorvarsdottir2 (eds, comps) © 2019. All rights reserved. The copyright for this report, and for the data, maps, figures and other information (hereafter collectively referred to as “data”) contained in it, is held by NIWA is held by NIWA unless otherwise stated. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. While NIWA uses all reasonable endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the data, NIWA does not guarantee or make any representation or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy or completeness of the data, the use to which the data may be put or the results to be obtained from the use of the data. Accordingly, NIWA expressly disclaims all legal liability whatsoever arising from, or connected to, the use of, reference to, reliance on or possession of the data or the existence of errors therein. NIWA recommends that users exercise their own skill and care with respect to their use of the data and that they obtain independent professional advice relevant to their particular circumstances. NIWA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES NUMBER 84 ISSN 1173-0382 Citation for full report: Tracey, D.M. & Hjorvarsdottir, F. (eds, comps) (2019). The State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Corals in the New Zealand Region. NIWA Science and Technology Series Number 84. 140 p. Recommended citation for individual chapters (e.g., for Chapter 9.: Freeman, D., & Cryer, M. (2019). Current Management Measures and Threats, Chapter 9 In: Tracey, D.M.
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Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the Alaska Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (V
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the Alaska Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (v. 2020) Robert P. Stone1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the Alaska regional chapter in “The State of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” lists deep-sea coral species in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the U.S. Alaska region (Figure 1). Deep-sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 meters deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is an update of the peer-reviewed 2017 list (Stone and Cairns 2017) and includes taxa recognized through 2020. Records are drawn from the published literature (including species descriptions) and from specimen collections that have been definitively identified by experts through examination of microscopic characters. Video records collected by the senior author have also been used if considered highly reliable; that is, in situ identifications were made based on an expertly identified voucher specimen collected nearby. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution, and are numbered accordingly. In summary, we have confirmed the presence of 142 unique coral taxa in Alaskan waters, including three species of alcyonaceans described since our 2017 list.
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