SPECIAL REPORT JUNE 1 - 7, 2013

THETHE GOOD,GOOD, THETHE BADBAD ANDAND THETHE UGLYUGLY

The Africa Leadership Index 2012 The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 30 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 31 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

he Africa Leadership BOTSWANA NAMIBIA GHANA Index is a tool for NAME: SERETSE IAN KHAMA country’s animal disease control systems taking advantage of children, and asked NAME: HIFIKEPUNYE LUCAS NAME: JOHN DRAMANI MAHAMA (NPP) contested the election results, TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC were in place. Botswana society to pay serious attention POHAMBA saying that it has concrete evidence that to cross-generational sex. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC governance-tracking of OF BOTSWANA, SINCE APRIL 1, 2008 It was reported in 2012 that Botswana TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE OF GHANA, SINCE JULY 24, 2012 its candidate, Nana Akufo-Addo, won the T attracted approximately $13.5 billion in Despite a strong economic record, the election. It also alleged systematic stealing African leaders developed by HIS POLITICAL STORY: REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA, FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF JOHN ATTA foreign direct investment (FDI) between unemployment levels are still worrying SINCE MARCH 21, 2005 MILLS. of votes at the collation level. The case is Nation Media Group’s Africa A former army commander and the 2003 and 2011, placing it among the (standing at 17.5 per cent). Also, the poverty still in court and may take several years to son of Botswana first’s president, Ian continent’s top 15 destinations for foreign levels are high for a middle income country, HIS POLITICAL HIS POLITICAL STORY: conclude. Project. It is an aggregrate on all Khama ascended fast in politics from capital, according to data in an Ernst & a problem complicated by severe income STORY: A communications expert, historian, minister of presidential affairs and public Young survey. inequality. A former activist and and writer, Mahama was a Member of MOMENT OF THE YEAR: administration to vice president (1999), political prisoner, The passing of the late president John Atta major indexes that cover Africa, The Botswana government gave a directive Parliament from 1997 to 2009 and minister and party chairman (2003). When MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Pohamba was also the Mills shortly after his 68th birthday was a that relaxed requirements for the San of communications from 1998 to 2001. He plus our own (see note on president Festus Mogae resigned in There were a few. The Botswana High Court lands minister who sad event for the country. He died on July Bushmen to enter the army and police was vice president from 2009- July 2012, 2008, Khama succeeded to the in October overturned a customary law that speeded up one of 24, 2012 a few hours after falling ill. force. The move came after years of when he took office as president following methodology) led by LYNETTE presidency; he was elected to prohibited women from inheriting the family Namibia’s accusations that the government the death of his predecessor, John Atta Mo Ibrahim Index: 66.3 (7/52) a full term in 2009. home, terming the law a contravention of most was marginalising and undermining Mills. Democracy Index: 6.02 MUKAMI. Now that all the the Constitution that guarantees equality difficult SUCCESSES IN 2012: the minority community. for both men and women. schemes SUCCESSES IN 2012: Press Freedom Index: 28 (Free) main reports for 2012 have The world’s leading John Dramani Mahama was declared winner diamonds producer, De FAILURES: Botswana also imposed a ban on — the Corruption Index: 45 (64/174) Botswana refused to join other consumption of alcohol outside the confines expropriation of the December election with 50.7 per cent come out, we bring you our Beers, began diamond of the vote, against opposition leader Nana Human Development Index: rough stone sorting in Southern Africa Development of bars ahead of the December festive of land from 0.558 ranking of African leaders by Community (SADC) member season as part of efforts to reduce “alcohol white farmers to Akufo-Addo with 47.74 per cent. Botswana, a move that NMG Grade: 7/10 countries’ push for a single tourist related crimes and public disorder”. give to black citizens. FAILURES: governance last year, beginning is expected to transform 2012 Grade: B the country into a visa (Univisa), a move seen by Mo Ibrahim Index: 77 (3/52) He was one of the founding Ghana’s opposition New Patriotic Party leading international centre. some as a setback as it robbed members of the South West Africa with the best and running down Botswana of a lot of tourist revenue. Democracy Index: 7.63 People’s Organisation (Swapo) and was its presidential The European Union to the worst According to a “Childline Botswana” Press Freedom Index: 40 (partly free) candidate in 2004. He won in what was described as a lifted its 2011 ban on landslide. Botswana’s beef report, sexual exploitation Corruption Index: 65 (58/174) products after an of children in northern Human Development Index: 0.634 SUCCESSES IN 2012: SOUTH AFRICA TUNISIA Botswana is rampant. The (medium) Namibia’s Marine Resources Act of 2000 won the 2012 inspection by the NAME: JACOB NAME: MONCEF MARZOUKI study reported that older Future Policy Award silver during a ceremony held in New EU’s inspectors NMG Grade: 8.5/10 GEDLEYIHLEKISA ZUMA men working in farms and York on September 26, 2012. The law regulates all marine TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE TUNISIAN REPUBLIC, recommended that the 2012 Grade: A NAME: NAVINCHANDRA construction sites as labourers were capture, setting restrictions for the fishing gear, the times TITLE: PRESIDENT OF SINCE DECEMBER 13, 2011 THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH RAMGOOLAM and depth of fishing and even places catch limits for the HIS POLITICAL STORY: eight main commercial species annually. AFRICA, SINCE MAY 9, TITLE: PRIME MINISTER 2009 Marzouki is a well-known Tunisian activist. He studied OF THE REPUBLIC OF CAPE VERDE Namibia’s Supreme Court dismissed an application by nine medicine in France before returning to Tunisia, where he MAURITIUS, SINCE JULY opposition parties contesting 2009 parliamentary election HIS POLITICAL founded the Centre for Community Medicine in Sousse 5, 2005 NAME: JORGE CARLOS FONSECA Cup of Nations (AfCON) for the very first MOMENT OF THE YEAR: results, which gave Pohamba’s party a landslide victory. In STORY: and the African Network for Prevention of Child Abuse, time in October 2012 after surprisingly During 2012’s International Breastfeeding 2009, the ruling Swapo won over 75 per cent of the votes. A shrewd political and also joined the Tunisian League for Human Rights. HIS POLITICAL STORY: TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC operator, and sterling Following the “Arab Spring” that ousted former president beating out Cameroon 3-2 in the final round Week, up to 200 lactating Cape Verdean FAILURES: Ramgoolam is the son of Sir OF CAPE VERDE, SINCE SEPT 9, 2011 intelligence officer for Ben Ali, on 12 December 2011, he was elected interim Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, qualifier. Their AfCON women donated breast milk to feed up to Three HIV- positive women went to court claiming that HIS POLITICAL STORY: the African National president of Tunisia by the Constituent Assembly. known as the “Father of the opening match with 152 infants. Infants of up to six months they had been forcibly sterilised by the state while seeking A lawyer and university professor who Congress during Nation.” Served as prime South Africa in 2013 and also those born with a disability, medical attention during delivery. The government denied SUCCESSES IN 2012: served as minister of foreign affairs from the struggle, minister from 1995 to 2000, marked the entry plus those whose mothers were giving a directive to hospitals to sterilise HIV-positive President Marzouki was named among the world’s top 1991 to 1993. He stood unsuccessfully Zuma has before losing at the polls. of the smallest deceased were the focus of the week. women. The court however ruled in favour of the women. thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine in 2012, coming in as a presidential candidate in the 2001 had no formal Retook the premiership country ever to take In a powerful gesture against second place. election. In August 2011, he again sought In September, Canada announced that Namibian passport schooling, in 2005 after out- part in the Cup stigmatisation, women living with the presidency and was successful, this time holders would be required to apply for visas before entry became involved FAILURES: campaigning Mauritian championship. HIV were allowed to donate since backed by the main opposition Movement into its territory, saying that it had a visa violation rate of in politics at 2012 was marred by a number of protests and a series Militant Movement leader the milk would be boiled and the for Democracy party. FAILURES: over 30 per cent. Namibia also had a very high number of an early age and of attacks by radical Islamists, which heightened security Paul Berenger. virus eliminated once the milk was The government’s asylum seekers, hence the enforcement of the measure. has served a 10- fears. Authorities vowed to crack down on Islamist SUCCESSES IN 2012: pasteurised. About 71 per cent of Namibians who entered Canada in SUCCESSES IN 2012: efforts to employ year-jail sentence for violence in the wake of a Salafist-led attack on the US Cape Verde came second in Africa in both 2011 reportedly claimed refugee status. Mauritius was the only African youth failed to take Mo Ibrahim Index: 78 (2/52) “conspiring to overthrow embassy in September in which four assailants were the Global Press Freedom Index and the effect, with more than country to be categorised as a “true Democracy Index: 7.92 MOMENT OF THE YEAR: the apartheid government.” killed. Democracy Index. 45,000 unemployed In 2005, he was relieved democracy” in the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) Press Freedom Index: 27 Pohamba surprised many when he hosted an early Media freedom took a blow when TV boss Sami Fehri youths. Also Fonseca’s of his duties as deputy president by , in the Democracy Index. It is also the top ranked country in the The Cape Verde government introduced (free) Christmas party for the San people of Cheto, near Katima accused the Tunisian government of attempting to programme wake of corruption allegations. Was elected president of 2012 Mo Ibrahim Index. It scored favourably in corruption a new feeding programme for pupils in Mulilo. It was a rare event especially for relatively muzzle him in retaliation for his satirical puppet show. for the Corruption Index: 60 (39/ the African National Congress in 2007 after the ouster of and human development indices. 25 pre-schools in 2012 that saw children underdeveloped area inhabited by the San community. The government was similarly accused by journalists and provided with better and diversified food to modernisation of 174) Thabo Mbeki, and went on to win the 2009 presidential The Mauritian government launched a healthy eating media figures of clamping boost growth and attain higher educational the economy and Human Development Index: 0.586 Mo Ibrahim Index: 69.7 (6/53) elections. campaign following the alarming rise of obesity in children. of the state is under down on freedom of standards. NMG Grade: 7.5/10 Democracy Index: 6.23 Mauritius has the second highest diabetes prevalence in the pressure. SUCCESSES IN 2012: expression. world. The archipelago qualified for the Africa Press Freedom Index: 34 (partly free) Despite having a controversial term in office and vocal 2012 Grade: B+ MOMENT OF THE Corruption Index: 4.4 (56/183) opposition from expelled ANC youth leader Julius Malema, YEAR: FAILURES: Zuma still managed to survive the ANC vote to remain at Human Development Index: 0.608 (medium) Protestors in The Ministry of Information and Communications Technology the helm of the party. admitted that cyber-crime was rapidly becoming a problem. SEYCHELLES NMG Grade: 7.5/10 December hurled Road carnage, too, continued to be a problem with data 2012 Grade: B FAILURES: rocks at President indicating an upsurge in road accidents from 12.8 per cent in NAME: JAMES ALIX MICHEL major sector and employer in Seychelles and pirate At least 34 striking miners were killed in violence at the Marzouki and Lonmin platinum mines in August. South African police parliamentary Speaker 2010 to 15 per cent in 2011 with 1,727 deaths – a troublingly TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF attacks on local and foreign fishing vessels is said to high number for a small island of 1.3 million people. have cost at least $4 million this year. opened fire on a group of striking miners at the mine in Mustapha Ben Jaafar SEYCHELLES, SINCE APRIL 14, 2004 Marikana, prompting President Zuma to declare a week of in Sidi Bouzid, the place MOMENT OF THE YEAR: HIS POLITICAL STORY: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Africa’s retreat from socialist economic national mourning. where the revolution Apart from topping Africa in most indices for 2012, according A former teacher and army colonel, Michel became In December Michel sent letters to world leaders erupted two years ago. to the UN Happiness Report 2012 conducted by Columbia telling them that there is a “silver bullet” to put models has generally made everyone MOMENT OF THE YEAR: active in politics in 1974. He served alongside Brett Murray, a painter, stirred controversy when he University’s Earth Institute in the USA, Mauritians are the former president France-Albert René after he came an end to the scourge of piracy, especially in the better off. Some countries, such as Mo Ibrahim Index: 63 happiest people in Africa. The index was based on the citizens’ Indian Ocean. He urged 25 world leaders and unveiled a painting titled “The Spear” depicting President (rank 8/52) to power in a bloodless coup in 1977 that secured Ethiopia and Rwanda, still put the state Zuma with his genitals hanging out. ANC went to court perceptions of overall service delivery in the country using the island’s Independence. Was country’s vice organisations such as the European Union, UN and Democracy Index: 2.79 indicators such as employment, equality, education, health, NATO to act without delay with an intervention in over the matter, saying that the painting was rude and an president from 1996 to 2004, then succeeded René in the lead. Others, such as Kenya Press Freedom anti-corruption, environment, and culture. Somalia. abuse of freedom of artistic expression. as president. and Nigeria, have empowered private Index: 51 Mo Ibrahim Index: Score= 82.8 Rank=1 Mo Ibrahim Index: 73 (4/52) Mo Ibrahim Index: 71 (5/52) SUCCESSES IN 2012: business by removing red tape. Yet (partly free) Democracy Index: Score= 8.04 Rank=24 Democracy Index: n/a Democracy Index: 7.79 The island came in 4th out of 52 countries in the others are benefiting from a commodities Corruption Press Freedom Index: Score=29 Rank=61 Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Press Freedom Index: 56 (partly free) Press Freedom Index: 34 (partly free) Index: 41 (75/174) boom, driven by increased demand from Corruption Index: 43 (69/174) Corruption Index: Score = 57 Rank = 43 FAILURES: Corruption Index: 52 (51/174) Human Development Human Development Index: Score = 0.737 Piracy has been a big headache for Michel this Human Development Index: 0.806 China, which has become Africa’s biggest Human Development Index: 0.629 (medium) Index: 0.712 NMG Grade: 9/10 year. It is estimated to have cost the nation $17 NMG Grade: 9/10 trading partner.” NMG Grade: 6/10 NMG Grade: 6/10 million, but that doesn’t include the added cost 2012 Grade: B 2012 Grade: C+ 2012 Grade: A of patrols within its territorial waters. Fisheries is a 2012 Grade: B The Economist The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 32 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 33 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

TANZANIA SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE BENIN RWANDA

NAME: SUCCESSES IN 2012: survey, Tanzanian transport authorities took NAME: SUCCESSES IN 2012: they were corrupt, while quoting a 2007 Following earlier natural gas deposit the highest amount in bribes within the East TITLE: PRESIDENT OF UNITED REPUBLIC TITLE: PRESIDENT OF President Thomas Boni report on governance and corruption in the OF TANZANIA, SINCE DECEMBER 21, discoveries, Tanzania discovered some eight African bloc with the figure at $12,640, Yayi was elected the West African nation. The report said more trillion cubic feet of offshore gas fields in greatly hampering movement of goods and THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN, 2005 SINCE APRIL 6, 2006 African Union Chairman than half the country’s population did not Songo Songo, Mnazi Bay, Mkuranga Kisiwani inter-regional trade. in January 2012, taking have faith in the legal system. HIS POLITICAL STORY: North and Ntorya areas, fuelling hopes The Tanzanian public was horrified by the HIS POLITICAL STORY: over for a year from A military officer who rose to that Tanzania could become a giant gas continuing decline in education, with over 60 An international banker who Equatorial Guinea’s MOMENT OF THE YEAR: the rank of lieutenant-colonel, producer. per cent of students sitting for secondary holds a PhD in economics, President Teodoro President Yayi’s niece, his personal doctor he was intelligence chief In 2012, Tanzania migrated from school final examinations failing. Boni was a senior officer Obiang Nguema, and an ex-minister of commerce were before turning to politics. analog to digital TV broadcasting in the Central Bank of and beating Nigeria’s charged with an attempt to assassinate Served as Tanzania’s foreign in line with the December 31, MOMENT OF THE YEAR: West African States before President Goodluck Yayi. The three were apparently paid by a minister from 1995 to 2012 deadline it had set. The city 2012 was punctuated by a border dispute working on the staff of Jonathan who had also former ally of the president to substitute the 2005, when he won the of Dar es Salaam was the first with southern neighbour Malawi over Lake former Beninese president vied for the post. president’s medicine with a toxic substance. presidency as a candidate of to go digital with the rest of the Malawi. The dispute first came up in the Nicephore Soglo, running the long-ruling Chama cha country expected to follow. 1960s but resurfaced last year when Malawi banking and monetary policy. FAILURES: Mo Ibrahim Index: 58 (13/52) Mapinduzi (CCM or Party of gave a British firm, Surestream, exploration The National He then moved on to become Democracy Index: 6.06 Revolution). Has won accolades FAILURES: rights for oil in the lake. president of the West African Union of Press Freedom Index: 34 (partly free) (and development dollars) President Kikwete’s approval Mo Ibrahim Index: 59 (10/52) Development Bank (BOAD). Magistrates from abroad for investing in rating is said to have dropped went on Corruption Index: 36 (94/174) Democracy Index: 5.64 NAME: MANUEL PINTO DA COSTA Took power following a tough education. Played a by 19 points in the past 4 election race in 2006, and strike for 72 Human Development Index: 0.436 last-minute but critical years, according to a survey Press Freedom Index: 49 (partly free) TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC hours after the REPUBLIC OF SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE, survived an assassination NMG Grade: 5/10 role in helping Kenya conducted by Policy Research Corruption Index: 35 (102/174) attempt in 2007. A convert Minister of Justice return to peace after for Development, due to increasing SINCE SEPTEMBER 3, 2011 alluded to the fact that 2012 Grade: D+ Human Development Index: 0.476 from Islam to Christianity. the 2008 post-election reports of high level corruption in his HIS POLITICAL HISTORY: NMG Grade: 6.5/10 violence by mediating government. Mr Pinto da Costa is an economist and politician NAME: between competing factions. According to a Transparency International 2012 Grade: C who served as the first President of São Tomé TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He ruled with RWANDA, SINCE APRIL 22, 2000 an iron fist and observers warned that his return ZAMBIA to power in 2011 could herald a slide towards HIS POLITICAL STORY: authoritarianism. Paul Kagame fled an ethnic massacre in Rwanda at SENEGAL MOROCCO NAME: MICHAEL SATA The country’s team Chipolopolo scooped came into power in 2011. the age of two in 1959, moving with many fellow SUCCESSES IN 2012: the 2012 CAF GLO team of the year TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Tutsis to the Gahunge refugee camp in Uganda. NAME: MACKY SALL NAME: MOHAMMED VI FAILURES: The country joined the Multilateral Investment award. At the award ceremony OF ZAMBIA, SINCE SEPTEMBER 23, Zambia were on February Began his military service at age 20, fighting with TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TITLE: KING OF THE KINGDOM OF Youth unemployment remains high, with Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the political risk held in Ghana, their trainer 2011 12, crowned 2012 Africa ’s National Resistance Army. Led SENEGAL, SINCE APRIL 2, 2012 MOROCCO, SINCE JULY 30, 1999 the World Bank’s regional vice president insurance arm of the World Bank Group in Herve Renard also received Champions after edging the Rwanda Patriotic Army/Front to victory in 1994, putting it at 30 per cent, saying it was December. Its membership makes it eligible for HIS POLITICAL STORY: the Coach of the Year prize. HIS POLITICAL STORY: HIS POLITICAL STORY: “very serious.” Cote d’Ivoire 8-7 on following a genocide engineered by extremists, the agency’s political risk insurance. Michael Sata, popularly known as “King the government and the army, that left nearly one Sall is a geological engineer by profession. He was Groomed for “kingship,” as his late The Moroccan government was accused Cobra,” was a key opposition figure in FAILURES: post-match penalties in the prime minister of Senegal between April 2004 father King Hassan II referred to his FAILURES: The opposition accused Libreville, Gabon. They million people dead. Was named vice president and of systemic human rights abuses in the Zambia for 10 years. He leads the Patriotic defence minister in the Cabinet of president Pasteur and June 2007, after which he became president of upbringing, Mohammed VI became Western Sahara. In August, members of On November 21, opposition parties tabled a Front (PF), and is known for his populist President Sata of however failed to repeat the National Assembly till November 2008. monarch in 1999. Mohammed is motion to censure Prime Minister Patrice Emery “dictatorship”; with the feat in the 2013 CAF Bizimungu. Took power when Bizimungu was rights group Robert F. Kennedy Partners ideas. This was his fourth try at the deposed in 2000. Won landslide electoral victories in He disappeared from the limelight after a falling estimated by Forbes to be worth $2 for Human Rights reportedly witnessed Trovoada’s government that was approved by presidency, and he finally won. opposition leader championship. billion, and the Moroccan royal family the National Assembly. The basis of the censure Hakainde Hichilema 2003 and 2010, securing over 93 per cent of votes out with the then president Abdoulaye Wade after the Moroccan police beating a female He is also well-known as former governor Mo Ibrahim Index: 57.0 on both occasions. summoning the first son to parliament to answer has one of the largest fortunes in the protester, who was badly injured. included “corruption and overseas negotiations claiming that (12/52) world. with private companies that were deemed not of the capital Lusaka. He was described Zambians were questions on graft. as being a “hands-on” man; cleaning the Democracy Index: 6.19 SUCCESSES IN 2012: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: transparent.” suffering during his Kagame continued to try to make Rwanda attractive SUCCESSES IN 2012: SUCCESSES IN 2012: In August, Moroccan government streets, patching up roads and building rule as much as they Press Freedom Index: 60 King Mohamed bowed to the pressure of The archipelago’s airline still remains blacklisted bridges in the city. for foreign investors. That was helped along by a law Sall won the presidential election after beating his officials were required to bow before the and cannot operate in the European Union. suffered under his (partly free) that gave investors doing business in Rwanda and predecessor Wade, who was seeking a controversial protesting civil society, making a break king as a show of allegiance at an annual predecessor Rupiah with the notion of monarchy SUCCESSES IN 2012: Corruption Index: 37 employing more than 200 Rwandan workers a five third term in office. He lost the first round with 26.6 “celebration of loyalty.” All this was done MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Zambia launched its first $750 million bond Banda. (88/174) per cent tax reduction on their profits. per cent to Wade’s 34 per cent, but garnered 65 as an executive power as he paraded round the palace on The government suffered a censure motion issue at Deutsche Bank’s Fixed Income Sata didn’t help his Human per cent in the run-off. After taking office, President and introducing horseback with the officials bowing in November. Despite consultations between The World Bank’s Doing Business 2012 Report Trading Floor on Wall Street in New York reputation Development Sall exempted 3,000 Guinean university students reforms to provide and chanting, “May God protect President da Costa and the opposition, no named Rwanda the third easiest place to do on September 13. According to Finance much, either; Index: 0.448 from paying a non-resident fee. for a “balanced our King.” headway was made and the president formally business in sub-Saharan Africa, in part due to monarchy”, where Minister Alexander Chikwanda, the bond he has had (low) the government’s commitment to private sector Mo Ibrahim Index: 57 (15/52) disbanded the 14th government headed by Prime attracted a $12 billion subscription from a couple of FAILURES: power is divided Minister Patrice Trovoada. NMG Grade: 5.5/10 development and the continued implementation of Though President Sall has introduced reforms in between the king Democracy Index: 3.83 investors, and was 24 times oversubscribed. opposition leaders structural and institutional reforms. Mo Ibrahim Index: 58 (11/52) arrested since he 2012 Grade: D+ various sectors of the Senegalese economy and and a government Press Freedom Index: 68 (not 2012 was a good year for Zambian football. promised a “government of the people,” one of his based on Democracy Index: n/a FAILURES: free) A confidential United Nations report leaked to the failures, which he inherited from his predecessors, is parliament. Press Freedom Index: 29 (free) Casamance, the southern region that has had a long Corruption Index: 37 (88/174) media in 2012 alleged that the Rwanda government He was able to Corruption Index: 42 (72/174) was involved in the conflict in Eastern Democratic standing insurgency aimed at seceding from the withstand the full Human Development Index: West African nation. 0.591 (medium) Human Development Index: 0.525 Republic of Congo and that it was backing the M23 tide of the Arab ALGERIA rebel group. It specifically implicated defence chief MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Spring and NMG Grade: 7/10 NMG Grade: 7/10 Gen James Kabarebe, although the government has continues to NAME: almost a third of the seats (143 of the 462 high unemployment and corruption in the MPs abolished the upper house, the Senate, and the 2012 Grade: C 2012 Grade: Incomplete seats). This made Algeria’s parliament the country. Bouteflika promised reforms to dismissed the allegations. post of vice president in an effort to save money reign over the —leaning E. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE’S kingdom. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF most gender balanced in North Africa. strengthen democracy but he did not give Consequently, Britain, the US, the Netherlands and for flood relief and disaster management. Houses an indication of when these would happen. Germany, among other donors, suspended aid to had been destroyed and people ALGERIA, SINCE APRIL 28, Renault announced that it would be 1999 building a factory in Algeria, Delays have been blamed on the continuing Kigali. across the country displaced emergency that was been enforced after after several months of heavy the first carmaker to set up The jailing of opposition politician Victoire Umuhoza LESOTHO HIS POLITICAL STORY: production in the country. the cancelled 1991 elections. Ingabire fed into criticism that the Rwandan rain. Critics say the aim is to Was involved with weaken the opposition. The plant will have the MOMENT OF THE YEAR: government is continuing to stifle democracy. NAME: THOMAS MOTSOAHAE THABANE by post-poll wrangling, 2012 saw MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Algeria’s liberation capacity to produce France, through French President MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Mo Ibrahim Index: 56 TITLE: PRIME MINISTER OF THE a smooth transition of power The peaceful handover of power struggle as a from a 75,000 cars a year. François Hollande, recognised the French Despite the negative press Rwanda received for its (16/52) KINGDOM OF LESOTHO, SINCE JUNE 8, from PM Mosisili to incumbent was a proud moment for the young age and became government’s role in the deaths of scores alleged backing of the M23 rebels, it still went on in Democracy Index: 5.51 2012 Thabane. This marked the first landlocked country. an influential member FAILURES: time that regime change had of the Front de Libération Oil and gas remain of Algerians calling for an end to French late 2012 to win the UN Security Council seat for Press Freedom Index: HIS POLITICAL STORY: taken place through the Mo Ibrahim Index: 61 Nationale (FLN). He the main commodity colonialism in in 1961. He fell short of the term 2013-14. The country, which enjoyed the 55 (partly free) He served in former prime minister Pakalitha ballot box. (9/52) became a minister in exports, accounting for an apology, saying only that he “recognised unanimous backing of the African Union, last served the suffering” French colonialism had Corruption Index: 36 Mosisili’s government for eight years but Democracy Index: 6.33 the post-Independence 98 per cent of export by on the Security Council in 1993-94 a period during (94/174) broke off to form his own party, the All FAILURES: government and won the volume and 70 per cent of caused. which it suffered the infamous genocide. The country’s economy Press Freedom Index: 49 Human Development Basotho Convention and became an active presidency in the 1999 polls the budget. The government Mo Ibrahim Index: 53 (rank 24/52) Mo Ibrahim Index: 53 (23/52) took a hit early in the year (partly free) Index: 0.47 member of the opposition. with the backing of the has failed to diversify the due to declining revenues Democracy Index: 3.44 Democracy Index: 3.25 In the 2012 elections, he formed a coalition Corruption Index: 45 (64/ army. economy in this respect. NMG Grade: from the Southern African 174) Press Freedom Index: 62 (not free) Press Freedom Index: 82 (not free) 7/10 with other opposition parties and managed to Customs Union (SACU) and SUCCESSES IN Thousands demanded Human Development Corruption Index: 34 (105/174) Corruption Index: 53 (50/174) oust former prime minister Mosisili, and was reduced remittances 2012: iron-fisted 2012 Index: 0.461 (low) Human Development Index: 0.713 Grade: C subsequently appointed prime minister. from its migrant The 2012 legislative Bouteflika’s exit, and Human Development Index: 0.434 nationals in South NMG Grade: 5.5/10 elections saw a high the government battled NMG Grade: 5/10 NMG Grade: 6.5/10 SUCCESSES IN 2012: to contain popular protests Unlike the 1998 elections that were marred Africa. 2012 Grade: C number of women elected 2012 Grade: D+ 2012 Grade: D+ into parliament, taking against the lack of freedoms, The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 34 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 35 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

KENYA COMOROS MALAWI BURKINA FASO NAME: MWAI KIBAKI NAME: IKILILOU DHOININE The International Monetary Fund and MOMENT OF THE YEAR: NAME: JOYCE BANDA Banda also managed to restore diplomatic meetings to “distribute food.” the World Bank announced they would In April, the country was wracked by the TITLE: PRESIDENT AND TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE UNION OF TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF relations with the United Kingdom late in the Malawi’s Cabinet decided not to host the Africa support $176 million in debt relief for heaviest rains it had had in decades, COMMANDER IN CHIEF THE COMOROS, SINCE MAY 26, 2011 MALAWI, SINCE APRIL 7, 2012 year. Relations between the two countries had Union Summit in July 2012, a decision that the country, representing a 59 destroying crops and displacing OF THE ARMED FORCES soured following a falling out between late had vast financial ramifications for Malawi’s HIS POLITICAL STORY: per cent reduction of its future people from their homes. OF THE REPUBLIC HER POLITICAL STORY: president Mutharika and then UK small and medium sized businesses that were A pharmacist by training and previously a external debt service over a The five- day downpour OF KENYA, SINCE She had served in her predecessor High Commissioner to Malawi, banking on the event. The decision was based vice-president of Comoros, Dhoinine is the period of 40 years. exacerbated the already DECEMBER 30, 2002 ’s government Fegus Cochrane Dyet. on the government’s refusal to host Sudan’s first president from the island of Moheli, critical food security and had been vice-president FAILURES: President Banda and her President Omar al Bashir who is wanted by the HIS POLITICAL STORY: an opposition stronghold whose residents problem facing the country. between May 2009 and April Comoros remained one of deputy Khumbo Kachale International Criminal Court. Kibaki is a veteran have complained of exclusion. Dhoinine 2012. She took over in 2012 the poorest countries Mo Ibrahim Index: 48 took a salary cut to politician who helped push served for five years as deputy to outgoing following his sudden death after MOMENT OF THE YEAR: in the world, with an (31/52) support the government’s for Kenya’s Independence president Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed a heart attack. On New Year’s Eve, President Banda went live economy that barely new austerity measures in the 1960s, and has Sambi and was his chosen candidate in the Democracy Index: 3.52 on radio to take telephone calls from ordinary grew. Economic growth on its path to economic since served as December 2010 poll, which he won with Press Freedom Index: 48 SUCCESSES IN 2012: Malawians hoping to clarify issues that were in 2012 was modest at recovery. minister of 61 per cent of the vote. (partly free) The year was peppered with an concerning them. NAME: BLAISE COMPAORE finance, home best. acrimonius exchange between SUCCESSES IN 2012: Corruption Index: 28 (133/ FAILURES: Mo Ibrahim Index: 56 (17/52) TITLE: PRESIDENT OF BURKINA FASO, affairs, and health. This translated Malawi and Tanzania over In March, Comoros awarded its first ever 174) Banda was criticised by SINCE OCTOBER 15, 1987 Spent 10 years into a high a border dispute on Lake legislators for her frequent local Democracy Index: 5.84 oil production and exploration licence to HUMAN Development as vice president to unemployment Malawi. President Banda and international travel which Press Freedom Index: 60 (partly free) HIS POLITICAL STORY: a Kenyan-based company, marking the INDEX: 0.429 former president Daniel rate, with 1 however made it Made his early career in the Burkinabe country’s first steps in developing its they claimed was straining Corruption Index: 37 (88/174) arap Moi before going in 2 young people NMG Grade: 6/10 clear that Malawi the country’s economy. armed forces, receiving military training from exploration strategy. Human Development Index: 0.418 (low) into opposition. Came to power being jobless. 2012 Grade: D would not be going to Banda, however, was France. With French-backing, Compaore, then in 2002 in free and fair elections. war over the dispute but seemingly unfazed and NMG Grade: 4.5/10 minister for justice, mounted a coup d’etat in The laidback leader and conservative economist was would instead take the continued to schedule more 2012 Grade: F+ 1987 against his close friend, then president accused by Kenyan and international observers of diplomatic route. Thomas Sankara. The charismatic and popular rigging the 2007 elections, robbing rival Raila Odinga of UGANDA revolutionary was dismembered and buried in an unmarked grave, apparently under orders the presidency. The flawed elections caused the country NAME: YOWERI KAGUTA MUSEVENI Kampala in 2012 — to celebrate 50 years the donor funds support 25 per cent of the to erupt in ethnic violence, which ended when a power- from Compaore. He seized power, and has TITLE: PRESIDENT OF UGANDA, SINCE of Independence from the British. 2012/2013 budget. sharing deal was struck. GABON NIGERIA now held it for 23 years, holding periodic JANUARY 26, 1986 Ugandan oil prospects became brighter Uganda also came under fire after it was elections denounced by many as shams. A SUCCESSES IN 2012: after an additional one billion barrels of oil named along with Rwanda in a UN report HIS POLITICAL STORY: NAME: ALI BEN BONGO ONDIMBA NAME: GOODLUCK JONATHAN stronghold. The government charged more classic African “Big Man,” he is known for There was a concerted effort to clean up the Kenya were discovered in late 2012, pushing the leaked to Reuters, as being involved in Long-time ruler and veteran guerrilla TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE GABON REPUBLIC, TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL than 100 protesters with treason after his ostentatious wealth, which offends many, judiciary. The vetting of magistrates and judges by the figures of commercially viable deposits to at fuelling the conflict in eastern DRC. commander. Began his career as an SINCE OCTOBER 16, 2009 REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA, SINCE MAY 6, participating in a march that supported considering he rules one of the poorest Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board commenced in least 3.5 billion barrels. intelligence officer in 1970, but soon Museveni spent most of the year fighting 2010, ACTING SINCE FEB 9, 2010 the Independence, despite President countries in the world. 2012, and was seen as a step forward as the public had Uganda continued to play a leading role in off a gathering storm over his succession, HIS POLITICAL STORY: Jonathan’s reassurances that he is capable became a guerrilla fighter, fighting to SUCCESSES IN 2012: over time lost faith in the judiciary over corruption. The Somalia peacekeeping, vowing to defeat and in May a remarkably brutal attack on Another heir, Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba is the son of HIS POLITICAL STORY: of handling Nigeria’s security situation. depose the tyrant from 1972 to He played a big role in cooling down the clean-up saw a number of senior judges declared unfit Islamist Al-Shabaab rebels. opposition leader Dr Kizza Besigye, captured , who ruled Gabon from 1967 until his Jonathan was handpicked by former President Jonathan did not have any peace 1979. Museveni continued to fight in a situation in Mali by mediating between the to serve in the Judiciary. by cameras, shocked the world. death in 2009. Served as minister of defence and president Umaru Yar’Adua to be vice- on social media either, as critics came rebellion to depose Milton Obote — the FAILURES: rebels in the north and the interim government. The December 2012 issue of the World Bank’s Kenya foreign affairs under his father. Won elections that president, and succeeded him in February out strongly to oppose his comments on first leader elected after Amin in flawed 2012 was an embarrassing year MOMENT OF THE YEAR: In the end, the rebels pushed on with their Economic Update was optimistic about Kenya, and were rejected by the opposition in 2009. 2010 when Yar’Adua died. He was Facebook. Most of the people were critical polls in 1980. In 1986, Museveni for Museveni’s government. A In December, attempts by the Uganda offensive until they were halted by France’s projected that it has the capacity to achieve 5 per cent formally elected in April 2011. of how he handled the food crisis. seized power. He won the scandal where $18.8 million Young Democrats , an activist group, to SUCCESSES IN 2012: intervention. economic growth rate in 2013 if the elections went well elections in 1996, 2001 and worth of donor aid was hold a birthday party at Nyendo Taxi Park President Bongo set fire to nearly five tonnes of SUCCESSES IN 2012: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: and there was a smooth transfer of power to a new FAILURES: 2006, the latter two being stolen from the Office of the to celebrate President Museveni’s 75th illegal ivory worth an estimated $9.3 million on June The government launched a plan at the end The mother of Nigerian Finance Minister administration. Parliament passed a Bill allowing for amnesty widely criticised as rigged. Prime Minister dominated birthday were thwarted. Police moved in 20 in Libreville, a move meant to send a strong signal to of the year to provide 10 million farmers Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala was kidnapped from for all the presidents since Independence. The The $24 billion Lamu Port South Sudan Ethiopia Has removed presidential the headlines. minutes after the celebrations began and poachers and traders of ivory. in the country with free mobile her home and held hostage for five days. legislature also changed the lower and upper Transport Corridor (Lapsset) project was launched term limits to hold Consequently, fired tear gas to disperse the group. The Gabon won its first ever Olympic medal at the 2012 handsets to enable them to The kidnappers demanded the minister’s age limits for the presidentcy. Though the in February by President Kibaki along with his South on to power. An theEU, the group claims Museveni has shaved some Olympics held in . Anthony Obame made history improve their agricultural resignation for failing to release oil presidential tenure was reduced from seven to Sudanese and Ethiopian counterparts, Salva Kiir and the early reformist United Kingdom, years off his actual birthday. when he won a silver medal in the men’s over 80 kg practices. subsidy money. The minister had five years, Compaore is set to run for another late respectively. The project is expected who turned the the World Bank, taekwondo final. earlier in January instituted a policy Mo Ibrahim Index: 55 (19/52) FAILURES: term in 2015. to take four years to complete and it is set to attract once-war wracked Austria and other to end fuel subsidies. Democracy Index: 5.13 FAILURES: The militant Boko international investment. country around, he was countries suspended up to MOMENT OF THE YEAR: The main opposition party, National Union (UN), Haram sect, Mo Ibrahim Index: 42 Kenya troops in southern Somalia, part of the Africa deeply involved in the First $300 million promised in Press Freedom Index: 57 (partly free) A programme of providing people with claimed that its television station TV+ was torched considered by (43/53) peacekeeping force Amisom, led the capture of the and Second Congo Wars. budgetary support each year, up improved seed varieties of the staple crop Corruption Index: 29 (130/174) after violent clashes between its supporters and the authorities to Democracy Index: 3.83 strategic port city of Kismayu from Al Shabaab to 2013. began bearing fruit as farmers reaped three SUCCESSES IN 2012: Human Development Index: 0.456 police. They claimed the incident underscored the be a terrorist militants, thus dealing them a decisive blow. Uganda held its The budget cuts are expected Press Freedom Index: 50 times more than their usual yields. NMG Grade: 5/10 government’s intolerance of opposition. group, continued (partly free) Kenya clearly emerged as one of the innovators in new Golden Jubilee to slow down to wreak havoc in Mo Ibrahim Index: 55 (18/52) Gabon was stripped of a World Cup draw in December technology in Africa. celebrations in economic growth as 2012 Grade: D Nigeria - bombing Corruption Index: 27 (139/ in favour of Niger after the country fielded an ineligible Democracy Index: 3.59 churches, killing 174) FAILURES: player. Press Freedom Index: 42 (partly free) people and even Human Development Index: Internal security remained vulnerable in 2012 in most MOMENT OF THE YEAR: attacking 0.471 Corruption Index: 38 (83/174) part due to sporadic terror attacks, some connected to In a bid to boost the use of the English language in army bases Al Shabaab. Incidents included hurling of grenades and LIBERIA NMG Grade: 5/10 Human Development Index: 0.343 the former French colony, President Bongo said he in Maidiguru, other explosives in parts of Nairobi and North Eastern NMG Grade: 4.5/10 wanted the country to become bilingual. He even made which is their 2012 Grade: F Province that killed at least two dozen people and NAME: ELLEN JOHNSON-SIRLEAF November “for serving as an example and speaking out earlier and also announced she a trip to Rwanda to “closely examine the country’s 2012 Grade: F injured hundreds. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC an inspiration to many a woman in Africa was stepping down as the head of Liberia’s and beyond…” Reconciliation Commission because it was experience with the introduction of bilingualism,” There was widespread dissatisfaction among civil OF LIBERIA, SINCE JANUARY 16, 2006; RE-ELECTED IN NOVEMBER, 2011 The country moved up 16 points in not making progress. an interesting servants, which manifested itself in numerous public development given SIERRA LEONE protests. There were strikes by teachers, public Transparency International’s MOMENT OF THE YEAR: HER POLITICAL STORY: 2012 Corruption that France is one of university staff, ferry workers, doctors and public Known in Liberia as the “Iron Lady,” Ellen Amid claims of nepotism, President Silrleaf Gabon’s closest allies. NAME: ERNEST BAI KOROMA service when Airtel Sierra Leone partnered reported, leading to the death of 392 by service vehicles operators. Perceptions Index suspended her son Charles Sirleaf, the with banks. The country will September. Johnson-Sirleaf is currently serving her from 91st to 75th Mo Ibrahim Index: TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF Youth unemployment remained high, at over 60 per second term as head of state after winning deputy governor of the Central Bank, SIERRA LEONE, SINCE SEPTEMBER 17, also be the first ever West position, making among other government officials, for 54 (22/52) African country to have MOMENT OF THE YEAR: cent. the 2011 election. Educated at Harvard it the third 2007 Isha Johansen, owner of FC Johansen, University’s prestigious Kennedy School of failing to publicly declare their assets. Democracy a rubber processing MOMENT OF THE YEAR: least corrupt Index: 3.48 HIS POLITICAL STORY: plant courtesy of a $50 announced that she would vie to become Government, she served in Liberia’s Cabinet country in Soccer legend and former world best the first female president of the Sierra Kenya Defence Forces, Amisom (AU Mission in Somalia) in the 1970s. She first ran in the 1997 player George Weah was appointed Press Freedom Came to power in 2007 in elections million investment by forces and Somali National Army took control of the Al West Africa. considered free and fair, and is considered a Bangladeshi agro Leone football association because the presidential elections but lost to Charles a peace ambassador by President Index: 70 (not country’s football was in a terrible state. Shabaab controlled port, Kismayu, in late September. Taylor, before winning the 2006 vote. FAILURES: Sirleaf in December. free) among the most effective presidents in Africa. investment company. The city was the last remaining stronghold of the Al Koroma was re-elected as president for his Her club defeated Liverpool in 2009 in Sirleaf was Corruption Index: 35 Qaeda-allied Islamic militants SUCCESSES IN 2012: Mo Ibrahim Index: 47 (34/52) second and final term, on November 23, 2012, FAILURES: the Swiss Under-16 cup. criticised by (102/174) The government was Mo Ibrahim Index: 53 (25/52) She suspended the forestry chief and her co-laureate Democracy Index: 5.07 with 58.7 per cent of the vote. Mo Ibrahim Index: 48 (48/52) Human Development unable to control the launched a probe into recent timber deals Leymah Gbowee Press Freedom Index: 60 (partly Democracy Index: 4.51 Democracy Index: 4.71 Index: 0.683 SUCCESSES IN 2012: cholera outbreak that amid concerns of widespread fraud. After for failing free) Press Freedom Index: 52 (partly free) reviewing the iron and export mining policy, (medium) In 2012 Sierra Leone celebrated several began at the beginning Press Freedom Index: 49 (partly free) to fight Corruption Index: 41 (75/174) firsts; the country held its first ever marathon of the year. the export mark crossed well over four NMG Corruption Index: 31 (123/174) Corruption Index: 27 (139/174) graft and race, which attracted more than 400 According to million tonnes. Human Development Index: Grade: Human Development Index: 0.359 Human Development Index: 0.519 nepotism. participants from across the world, in aid of the United 0.388 4/10 honoured President Sirleaf with Ms Gbowee an NGO that supports street children. The Nations there NMG Grade: 5/10 NMG Grade: 5.5/10 NMG Grade: 5/10 the 2012 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, said she felt 2012 Grade: country also launched its first mobile money were 11,189 cases 2012 Grade: F 2012 Grade: D Disarmament and Development in guilty for not 2012 Grade: F+ F The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 36 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 37 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

EGYPT MOZAMBIQUE MAURITANIA NAME: ARMANDO EMILIO GUEBUZA signed an electricity agreement in May in a movement Renamo began regrouping its NAME: MOHAMED OULD ABDELAZIZ SUCCESSES IN 2012: opposition activists staged protests in claimed that he fired upon a car that seemed step to restore strained relations between command ahead of a planned national TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF In an effort to fight corruption, Nouakchott, calling for the president “suspicious,” not realising that the president was the two neighbours. Relations soured in 2009 demonstration in October. They were TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE ISLAMIC MOZAMBIQUE, SINCE FEBRUARY 2, 2005 the government introduced a to step down. one of the occupants. after a diplomatic spat when demanding a transitional government to REPUBLIC OF MAURITANIA, SINCE AUGUST HIS POLITICAL STORY: 5, 2009 new public procurement law in Urban youth unemployment Malawian police launched a create conditions for a free and fair election. Mo Ibrahim Index: 48 (32/52) A former leader of Frelimo (Frente de January 2012. continued to be a major stumbling cross-border raid into HIS POLITICAL STORY: Libertação de Moçambique — Mozambique MOMENT OF THE YEAR: block, affecting an estimated 50.8 Democracy Index: 4.17 Mozambique. This firebrand general led two coups in five FAILURES: Liberation Front), he served briefly as part The government banned the wearing per cent of men and 69 per cent of years, coming to power after ousting his Abdelaziz continued to face Press Freedom Index: 52 (partly free) of a 10-member collective presidency after FAILURES: of the burqa in public and private women. democratically-elected predecessor in a 2009 opposition from the main Corruption Index: 31 (123/174) the death of Mozambique’s first president, The government schools. However, the decision coup. Was elected president later in 2009, in opposition groups who MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Samora Machel, in 1986. When socialist failed to resolve incensed the Muslim community and Human Development Index: 0.467 (low) elections initially boycotted by the opposition, boycotted Independence Day On October 13, Abdelaziz was economic policies were abandoned under agitation by in a bid to calm the religious storm, NMG Grade: 3.5/10 but later deemed “somewhat” free and fair by celebrations in November. shot in the arm by one of his President , Guebuza became Mozambican the government lifted the ban observers. In May, thousands of soldiers. The soldier involved 2012 Grade: ICU a successful and wealthy businessman. He was doctors over pay soon after. chosen as Frelimo’s presidential candidate in that started at Mo Ibrahim Index: 55 (21/52) 2004 and won. the end of 2012 (It resulted in a strike Democracy Index: 4.90 NAME: MOHAMMED MORSY SUCCESSES IN 2012: in January 2013). Press Freedom Index: 43 ANGOLA NIGER MALI The government signed an anti-poverty deal The doctors were (partly free) TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC with its main trading partner China, as part demanding a OF EGYPT, SINCE JUNE 30, 2012 Corruption Index: 31 (123/174) NAME: JOSÉ EDUARDO NAME: MAHAMADOU ISSOUFOU nations and is grappling with the threats of NAME: DIONCOUNDA of efforts to help the millions of Mozambicans wage raise Human Development Index: DOS SANTOS TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF terrorism and the narcotics trade. TRAORÉ HIS POLITICAL STORY: living in abject poverty. The Centre for Co- of 100 per 0.327 (low) TITLE: PRESIDENT NIGER, SINCE APRIL 7, 2011 According to Save the Children, Niger is the TITLE: PRESIDENT An engineering graduate, the former professor operation on Poverty Reduction will develop cent. OF THE REPUBLIC worst place in the world to be a mother. In OF THE REPUBLIC joined the Muslim Brotherhood in 1977. He research and policy recommendations to fight NMG Grade: 4/10 HIS POLITICAL STORY: Former OF ANGOLA, SINCE their annual index, the report said the food OF MALI, SINCE became Member of Parliament in 2002 as an poverty in the country. Issoufou is no stranger to politics. He has Mozambican armed 2012 Grade: F SEPT 10, 1979 crisis in the region was threatening the lives APRIL 12, 2012 IN independent candidate since the Brotherhood was Guebuza and President Joyce Banda of Malawi stood as a candidate for each presidential of up to a million youngsters. AN INTERIM forbidden from nominating candidates under Hosni HIS POLITICAL election since 1993, was prime minister from CAPACITY Mubarak’s rule. On June 24, 2012, he was elected STORY: 1993 to 1994 and president of the National In April, workers at the Areva Imouraren president of Egypt. An officer of the Assembly from 1995 to 1996. The veteran uranium mining project began a week-long HIS POLITICAL Popular Movement opposition leader was declared winner of strike stemming from a dispute between the STORY: SUCCESSES IN 2012: for the Liberation of March 2011 presidential polls labourers and the management over work A former teacher, the Egypt held an election in 2012 that led to LIBYA Angola (MPLA), who rose held to end a year-long conditions. 70-year-old studied Mohammed Morsy’s ascent to power. He is Egypt’s to the top ranks of the military junta rule. mathematics first civilian president. MOMENT OF THE YEAR: NAME: MOHAMED YOUSEF SUCCESSES IN 2012: Cabinet line-up. The protestors claimed organisation in the Soviet SUCCESSES IN 2012: Niger turned down requests by Libya EL-MAGARIAF The interim National Transitional Council, the line-up had ministers linked to Colonel before being Union and Algeria. FAILURES: In November, President to extradite Saadi Gaddafi, son of the formed during the revolt that killed Gaddafi’s regime. appointed He later obtained a Egypt continued to face a number of economic TITLE: CHAIRMAN OF THE Issoufou opened late Libyan leader , Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, was minister of foreign doctorate in France. problems: a rising budget deficit, falling foreign GENERAL NATIONAL Benghazi police chief Farraj al-Dursi was a broad-based claiming that Saadi would certainly dissolved in August 2012, handing affairs in Angola’s He worked with trade exchange reserves and a sliding currency. CONGRESS SINCE AUGUST assassinated in November in a drive-by conference aimed face the death penalty. He was granted power to the General National first government by unions and went into Protests continued, most notable those against 8, 2012 shooting outside his home, just one of many at improving the asylum. Congress. This marked the first President Agostinho Neto. Following the death politics later, his most recent post being Speaker Morsy’s decree in November giving himself near- security officers killed in Benghazi in 2012. state of the country’s Mo Ibrahim Index: 44.2 (39/53) HIS POLITICAL STORY: peaceful transition of power in of Neto in 1979, the ruling Central Committee of parliament. He had previously occupied several absolute power to enable him to push through a He had been appointed shortly after an judiciary, which has in He was born in 1940 and is the country’s history. unanimously approved the appointment of José Democracy Index: 3.38 ministerial portfolios including defence, and foreign new constitution. attack on the US consulate in Benghazi. the past been marred by from Benghazi. A liberal Eduardo dos Santos as the country’s second affairs. He took over after a military coup in March Magariaf was elected by corruption, political Press Freedom Index: 59 (partly free) In August, Morsy ordered the resignation of two Islamist, he served as MOMENT OF THE YEAR: president. that overthrew his predecessor Amadou Toumani the National Congress as interference and Corruption Index: 2.5 (134/183) top army officals, among them Field Marshall ambassador to India under chairman in Libya’s first free The United States consulate in Benghazi Toure. SUCCESSES IN 2012: controversy. Mohammed Hussein Tantawi, then head of the Colonel Gaddafi’s regime poll since 1952, making him the was attacked by an armed mob of extremist Human Development Index: 0.304 Dos Santos sailed through August 31 elections SUCCESSES IN 2012: armed forces. before going into exile in the country’s de facto head of state. Islamists reacting to a film deemed offensive FAILURES: NMG Grade: 4/10 – the country’s first - with the ruling MPLA Mali’s presidential elections scheduled for July United States for over 20 years. He continues to hold the seat until to Islam. The American ambassador to Libya, Niger remains one MOMENT OF THE YEAR: garnering 72 per cent of the vote. The main 2012 Grade: ICU 7, 2013 appear to be still on course despite the He founded the National Front for fresh elections are held in 2013. J. Christopher Stevens, was killed along of the world’s poorest Mohammed Morsy, the Muslim Brotherhood the Salvation of Libya (NFSL) with three other officials. The consulate was opposition Unita and other opposition parties political instability of recent months. They were candidate, was sworn in as the first democratically in 1981, an opposition FAILURES: looted and set on fire. challenged the results in court but the scheduled for April 2012 but were postponed elected president of Egypt in June. following the coup in March. group that made The year was Mo Ibrahim Index: 49.9 (28/53) Constitution Court ruled in favour of the 70-year- Mo IBRAHIM INDEX: 58 (14/52) several coup marked by civil old president. The African Union, regional bloc Ecowas and the Democracy Index: 1.94 GUINEA Democracy Index: 3.95 attempts against strife and unrest. The Angolan economy continued to perform well United Nations agreed to an African-led military the Gaddafi regime. In November, nearly Press Freedom Index: 94 (not free) Press Freedom Index: 57 (partly free) in 2012 with growth being fuelled by revenues NAME: ALPHA CONDE FAILURES: “co-ordination” to recapture the cities of the north He beat Ali Zeidan a hundred armed from the Islamists. Corruption Index: 2.2 (146/183) generated by fuel exports. The economy grew 7.4 TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF Guinea’s biggest mining town was brought Corruption Index: 32 (118/174) (current prime minister) fighters had the per cent in 2012 with the country’s 2012 budget Human Development Index: 0.769 (High) GUINEA, SINCE DECEMBER 21, 2010 to a halt after a Russian owned aluminium FAILURES: Human Development Index: 0.662 by 113 to 85 votes to become national assembly under projecting a 7.1 per cent growth this year. plant in Fria shut down following months NMG grade: 3/10 The year began on a turbulent note. Former the chairman of the National siege as they protested HIS POLITICAL STORY: of pay disputes with the locals who worked NMG grade: 3/10 FAILURES: President Toure was overthrown in a coup led by Transitional Council. Premier Ali Zeidan’s new 2012 Grade: F Alpha Condé, who had spent more than there. Residents of the town heavily relied on 2012 Grade: F Leading Angolan activist Francisco Tunga Alberto Captain Amadou Sanogo. a decade as Guinea’s premier opposition it for the provision of water and electricity. declared 2012 a tragic year for human rights in politician, at last won the presidency In May last year, the United Nations expressed the country. The Dos Santos administration was The closure reflected badly on President grave concern for the country’s ancient city of in November 2010. The elections were Conde as he had in November 2011 promised accused of hunting down critics and oppressing considered the first free and credible polls in Timbuktu. The rebels in the north posed a real the masses following countrywide anti-regime to review all mining contracts. CONGO, REPUBLIC OF the country’s history. He suffers from acute danger to both Timbuktu and the 17th century protests in 2011. diabetes and, it is alleged he can no longer Despite his efforts to revive the economy, tomb of Askia. The UN placed the tomb on its list The UN also accused Luanda of violating the walk unassisted. most of the country’s population still of sites in danger. NAME: DENIS SASSOU-NGUESSO President Nguesso’s ruling Congolese Labour and training, insufficient job creation and an human rights of illegal immigrants from DR languishes in poverty. 2012 was marred by instability in the north caused Party won majority seats in the legislative unsympathetic environment for private sector SUCCESSES IN 2012: TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC Congo who slipped into Angola after attacks by by the Islamist rebels. They made steady advances elections, although the main opposition party development. Agreeing to the MOMENT OF THE YEAR: OF CONGO, SINCE OCT 25, 1997; HE WAS militia in the east of the troubled Central African towards the capital until the French responded to decried fraud and irregularities during the opposition’s terms President Conde had to delay the PREVIOUSLY PRESIDENT FROM 1979 TO MOMENT OF THE YEAR: country. The government vehemently denied the the looming crisis by sending in troops to recapture election. for the setting of the Parliamentary vote in April and 1992 The March 4 explosions at a munitions depot allegation. the northern areas that had been seized by al- parliamentary elections re-schedule it to 2013 saying Africa’s first homegrown tablet computer in the Mpila quarter in the east of the capital Qaeda affiliated rebels. HIS POLITICAL STORY: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: that will now be held on that he wanted to give the (similar to the iPad) was invented by a killed nearly 300 people, injured over 2,300 His personal spending habits are the source of In a surprise move, Angola’s Supreme Court June 30. The opposition electoral officials more time Congolese national, Verone Mankou. The tablet, and left 17,000 homeless. The country faced MOMENT OF THE YEAR: heavy criticism and he is being investigated by quashed the appointment of the country’s had accused the to fix problems in the voter named “Way-C” was first presented to the a major humanitarian challenge as it did not In May 2012, Traore was attacked by angry French police due to claims that he has used electoral body boss, Suzana Inglês, deeming president of delaying the registration system. public in September 2011 and retailed at $299. have the medical specialists to handle the large protestors who broke into his office and beat him millions of pounds of embezzled public funds to it unconstitutional. Her swearing in had been legislative election due to Mo Ibrahim Index: 43 (42/52) up. He arrived in hospital unconscious but the vice acquire lavish properties in France. FAILURES: numbers of the injured. boycotted by the opposition, which hailed the be held in 2011 in order Democracy Index: 2.79 president reported that his life was not in danger. Corruption remained rife in the country, ruling. to rig the vote. One of the SUCCESSES IN 2012: ranking 144 out of 174 globally in Transparency Mo Ibrahim Index: 43 (41/52) Press Freedom Index: 62 (not Mo Ibrahim Index: 55 (20/52) Congo and China signed accords worth $1.225 Mo Ibrahim Index: 44 (40/52) measures that the opposition International’s 2012 Corruption Index. Democracy Index: 2.89 leader Cellou Dalein Diall free) Democracy Index: 6.36 billion in late 2012 as part of a project to Democracy Index: 3.32 In the World Bank’s Doing Business 2012 Press Freedom Index: 55 (partly free) had called for was Corruption Index: 24 Press Freedom Index: 24 (Free) rebuild parts of Brazzaville that were destroyed Press Freedom Index: 67 (not free) by a deadly munitions depot blast in March. report, Congo ranked 181 out of 183 countries Corruption Index: 26 (144/174) the dismissal of (154/174) Corruption Index: 34 (105/174) with these areas in dire need of reform: Corruption Index: 22 (157/174) the chairman of Some of the money was also set to go towards Human Development Index: 0.534 Human Development Human Development Index: 0.344 developing the country’s telecommunications Taxation, cross-border trade and contract law. Human Development Index: 0.508 (low) Guinea’s electoral Index: 0.355 NMG Grade: 4/10 commission, Louceny NMG Grade: 2/10 network, as well as building a road in the north Unemployment in the country remains very NMG Grade: 4/10 NMG Grade: 4.5/10 of the country. high resulting from poor quality of education 2012 Grade: ICU Camara. 2012 Grade: ICU 2012 Grade: ICU 2012 Grade: ICU The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 38 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 39 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

ETHIOPIA MADAGASCAR TOGO DJIBOUTI NAME: HAILEMARIAM NAME: ANDRY RAJOELINA manufacturing sector have been growing As a consequence, sex tourism and underage NAME: FAURE GNASSINGBE NAME: ISMAIL OMAR GUELLEH cards. Djibouti sent hundreds of peacekeepers continuing to trickle in from the rural areas DESALEGN TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE HIGH slowly and contributed to the nation’s prostitution were on the rise. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE TOGOLESE TITLE: PRESIDENT OF DJIBOUTI, SINCE to Somalia to help the new further straining the poverty-plagued city. economic growth. Somali government in its TITLE: PRIME TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITY OF THE Media freedom continued to be curtailed, with REPUBLIC, SINCE MAY 4, 2005 MAY 8, 1999 MOMENT OF THE YEAR: MINISTER OF REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR, SINCE It was reported that the $5.5 police arresting and detaining two presenters war on Islamist militants HIS POLITICAL STORY: Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam THE FEDERAL MARCH 18, 2009 billion Ambatovy nickel and at Free FM radio after they commented HIS POLITICAL STORY: Al Shabaab. Guelleh was groomed to succeed his uncle Desalegn made an official visit to Djibouti in DEMOCRATIC cobalt mine that goes into on the sacking of the country’s The Gnassingbe clan have HIS POLITICAL STORY: Hassan Gouled Aptidon as president, and did so FAILURES: December 2012, affirming that Ethiopia was REPUBLIC OF production from 2013 environment and forestry minister. ruled Togo as their Born to a middle class family, Andry Rajoelina in 1999. He had a previous career in the police, Djibouti continues to committed to co-operating with Djibouti. Rail, ETHIOPIA, SINCE would help prop up the Media crackdowns have almost personal fiefdom began his career as a disc jockey at clubs and and was trained by the French Secret Service. He do poorly in the Press electricity and port projects between the two AUGUST 20, 2012. economy. become the norm since President since 1967. The bars in Madagascar’s capital before moving current president won the 2005 elections with 100 per cent of the Freedom Index, ranking countries are set to address development In late 2012, the Rajoelina took power in a coup in 164 out of 192. issues in the two nations. HIS POLITICAL to the airwaves and gaining a national profile. 2009. is the son of the vote – not surprising, considering he was the only STORY: He married into a wealthy family and went country’s Independent late president candidate in the race. The country also has little Mo Ibrahim Index: 49 (29/52) An engineer who on to own his own radio station, Viva Radio. National Electoral MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Gnassingbé economic opportunity SUCCESSES IN 2012: Democracy Index: 2.68 (147/167) rose through the Launched the Determined Malagasy Youth Commission of the President Rajoelina signed a treaty Eyadéma, who took and the unemployment rate In November, Houssein Ahmed Farah, a Press Freedom Index: 74 (not free) ranks of the Ethiopian Peoples’ opposition movement and was elected mayor Transition finally set a abolishing capital punishment in the power upon Togo’s continues to be high. Djiboutian journalist jailed for three months, Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) from the of Antananarivo in 2007. Was handed the date for the long-awaited country in September 2012. Independence in 1967 Nearly 80 per cent Corruption Index: 36 (94/174) was released, media rights watchdog Reporters late 1990s. He had been the deputy prime minister presidency in March 2009 by a cabal of presidential elections to be and held it for 38 of the country’s Mo Ibrahim Index: 46 Without Borders (RSF) reported. According to Human Development Index: 0.445 and the minister for foreign affairs since 2010, generals who took power after democratically held on May 8, 2013. years. Upon his population resides Democracy Index: 3.93 RSF, the journalist, who worked for opposition NMG Grade: 3/10 working under the wing of prime minister Meles elected president Marc Ravalomanana stepped death in in the capital, FAILURES: radio station La Voix de Djibouti, was arrested Zenawi until his death. down in the face of mass protests. Nicknamed 2005, his Djibouti, with more 2012 Grade: ICU Nearly 70 per PRESS FREEDOM INDEX: 63 (NOT FREE) for allegedly distributing false voter registration Hailemariam took over as the interim leader “TGV”, after the French high-speed train Tres cent of the island Corruption Index: 32 (118/174) son Faure after Meles’s death in August 2012. He was Grand Vitesse. nation’s people Human Development Index: 0.483 was immediately installed as then confirmed by the EPRDF ruling coalition on SUCCESSES IN 2012: remained trapped NMG Grade: 3/10 president by military September 21, 2012. Tourism, agribusiness, construction and the in endemic poverty. BURUNDI CHAD 2012 Grade: ICU authorities. Sham SUCCESSES IN 2012: elections were held NAME: PIERRE NKURUNZIZA FAILURES: NAME: IDRISS DEBY ITNO Leadership was passed on to a southerner from a soon thereafter, and resulted in protests Burundi was ranked the most corrupt country TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF minority national group, away from the politically that were violently crushed, leaving 790 in the East African Community by Transparency BURUNDI, SINCE AUGUST 26, 2005 CHAD, SINCE DECEMBER 2, 1990 dominant Tigrayans. In power for only five months COTE D’ IVOIRE CAMEROON people dead and 4,345 injured. International’s Corruption Perception Index for in 2012, Desalegn sounded a relatively moderate HIS POLITICAL STORY: the second year in a row. HIS POLITICAL STORY: NAME: ALASSANE DRAMANE was allegedly involved in a scandal where NAME: SUCCESSES IN 2012: note, promising to mend diplomatic fences with A university lecturer until the outbreak of the A career military man who came to power in OUATTARA $8 million meant for victims of pollution The Ministry of Security and Civil Defence The energy minister revealed that only 10 per archrival Eritrea. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF Burundian civil war in 1993, when he joined the cent of the country’s population has access to 1990 after toppling president Hissene Habre, TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC was misappropriated. banned checkpoints on its primary Ethiopia became the first country in Africa to take THE REPUBLIC OF rebel Force for the Defence of Democracy as electricity. his former mentor, with the help of the French OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE, SINCE DECEMBER highway that normally cause delays in the delivery of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, making FAILURES: CAMEROON, SINCE a soldier after the army attacked his campus. secret service. 4, 2010 movement of goods between Togo and It also emerged that alcohol consumption was it only the second in the world (after Japan) to President Outtara dissolved the government NOVEMBER 6, 1982 Later turned the rebel group into a political Burkina Faso, reducing the time spent on party. Came to power in the 2005 presidential destroying the tiny country’s youth, with a SUCCESSES IN 2012: operate the aircraft. HIS POLITICAL STORY: in November at the height of political HIS POLITICAL STORY: instability due to a new Marriage Bill that the road from four days to one day. elections. report claiming that 53 per cent of Bujumbura The Central African country was hooked up to a The Horn of Africa state still continues to register An economist by profession, President Has held the presidency, youth consumed alcohol before age 13 and fibre optic cable in early 2012, finally connecting ended up splitting the government. The FAILURES: impressive economic growth rates, with the IMF Ouattara has for decades been a major and the country, in a tight SUCCESSES IN 2012: that 24 per cent of them regularly consumed it to the information super highway through Bill sought to make wives joint heads of the The country witnessed clashes in June forecasting growth at seven per cent. player in international financial institutions. grip since 1982, making Following the growth in Burundi’s tax revenues alcoholic beverages. Yaounde, Cameroon. It thus became only the His rise to the presidency was a household. him Africa’s fourth longest- as demonstrators gathered in Lome to since joining the EAC, the Burundi Revenue FAILURES: According to a 2012 Global Hunger Index, second country after Cameroon in Central Africa turbulent one; he faced MOMENT OF THE YEAR: ruling leader. Became protest against reforms to the electoral Authority (OBR) has vowed to widen its tax net Despite the change in leadership, the country is Burundi has the highest hunger levels in sub- to do so at the time. incumbent president The International Criminal Court prime minister in 1975, code, which they said favoured the ruling to begin taxing professional income. This much expected to see few policy changes. The media Saharan Africa. Laurent Gbagbo and the found that former president and was chosen by party. The opposition and civil society needed source of income will be a small relief FAILURES: continues to be tightly controlled, and journalists results were disputed Laurent Gbagbo is healthy enough president as also took to the streets in September to the country as 50 per cent of its MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Climate change is a major threat to food languish in jail. The country ranked a dismal 175 out with both Ouattara to face crimes against humanity. his successor. Holds elections demanding the president resigns. budget comes from international EAC officials reported that exports from security with Lake Chad having lost an of 192 in the global Press Freedom Index. estimated 80% of its surface area in the past and Gbagbo claiming The country also officially from time to time, but these have no credibility. MOMENT OF THE YEAR: donors. Burundi to the EAC had risen 15 per cent three years. An estimated 30 million people MOMENT OF THE YEAR: victory. It was became an ICC member in early Routinely ranked among Africa’s worst dictators. Togo women went on a week-long sex Its troops in the African Union since it joined the bloc in 2007. Also, data in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger rely on The year was marked by the passing of cerebral but widely accepted 2013, after turning in paperwork strike in August in order to force their peacekeeping force in Somalia, which came out in 2012 showed that the SUCCESSES IN 2012: the lake for their livelihood. The government iron-fisted ruler Meles on August 20, after 17 years internationally that to the United Nations in New husbands to mount pressure on the Amisom, continued to play nation’s share of EAC trade also grew to The country announced the entry of a third has proposed initiatives to deal with the in power. The transfer of power to Hailemariam Ouattara had won York. dictatorial Eyadema dynasty. The family a critical role in defeating 4.2 per cent in the previous year, up mobile operator into the market when it awarded impending calamity, but says lack of resources went off more smoothly than many analysts had and a political crisis has been at the helm of the country’s the last pockets of the Al from 2.6 per cent recorded in 2010. ensued. This resulted Mo Ibrahim Index: 39 (46/52) an operator licence to Vietnam’s Viettel, a move to implement them hampers its efforts. predicted. that heralded the arrival of third generation (3G) leadership for 45 years. Shabaab militants, and enable Mo Ibrahim Index: 45 (37/52) in renewed fighting, and Democracy Index: 3.08 Human rights watchdog Amnesty International Mo Ibrahim Index: 47 (33/52) mobile technology in the country, set for 2014. a new constitution and elected Democracy Index: 4.01 (113/167) ended with Gbagbo’s Press Freedom Index: 70 (not Mo Ibrahim Index: 44 (39/52) government to be installed for released a report titled “We are all dying here” Democracy Index: 3.79 (121/167) capture and arrest on Following a UN-supported conference, experts Press Freedom Index: 72 (not free) free) Democracy Index: 3.45 the first time in 20 years. in late 2012, decrying the poor state of Chad’s Press Freedom Index: 81 (not free) April 11, 2011. from both Cameroon and Nigeria agreed to begin prisons. It reported the prisons were severely Corruption Index: 29 (130/174) A World Bank study of Corruption Index: 19 (165/ demarcating their land and maritime borders, Press Freedom Index: 69 (not free) overcrowded, with food and water being Corruption Index: 33 (113/174) SUCCESSES IN the EAC economies 174) Human Development Index: which have been the cause of strife between the Corruption Index: 30 (128/174) unfit for human consumption, and sometimes 2012: showed Burundi Human Development Index: Human Development Index: 0.396 0.432 two for years. The demarcation was ordered by lacking altogether. It also alleged human rights President Human Development Index: 0.459 had carried out the 0.355 NMG Grade: 4/10 NMG Grade: 4/10 the International Court of Justice in 2002 to violations against the prisoners. Outtara sacked a settle the matter. NMG Grade: 3/10 most trade-related legal NMG Grade: 3/10 2012 Grade: ICU minister in April who 2012 Grade: ICU reforms in the region. MOMENT OF THE YEAR: The African Development Bank forecast 2012 Grade: ICU 2012 Grade: ICU High-level corruption continues to plague Chad, economic growth of 4.4 per cent in 2012, with TI’s Corruption Index placing it a dismal propelled by the recovery of the oil sector. 165 out of 174 countries. In November, the SWAZILAND FAILURES: mayor of N’Djamena was suspended following The country’s progress continues to be slowed GAMBIA allegations of corruption, just four months from NAME: MSWATI III (BORN FAILURES: The PM and his Cabinet refused to step down by endemic corruption. In April, former prime his election. MAKHOSETIVE DLAMINI) South Africa’s ruling ANC despite censure for ordering the country’s sole NAME: YAHYA JAMMEH to read at a functional level is doubted by some. kick the West African nation out of the regional minister Ephraim Inon was arrested as part of indicated that it would push telephone provider SPTC switched off and its He has expressed ambitions of territorial bloc. Mo Ibrahim TITLE: HIS MAJESTY THE a corruption investigation. President Biya’s own TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE for democratic reforms in services replaced by South African firm MTN. expansion. He carries a sword at all times. Index: 33 NGWENYAMA (KING) OF son, Franck Biya, had a petition filed against him REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA, SINCE Also, relations with its neighbour Senegal were the kingdom, saying that it (50/52) SWAZILAND, SINCE APRIL 25, MOMENT OF THE YEAR: by Cameroonians in the diaspora, who wanted OCTOBER 18, 1996 SUCCESSES IN 2012: strained after two Senegalese nationals were wanted the country to lift Democracy 1986 Amos Mbedzi, a South African, was found him indicted for holding ill-gotten wealth in In September, President Jammeh executed on the order of Jammeh. a ban on trade unions and HIS POLITICAL STORY: Index: 1.62 France. HIS POLITICAL STORY: political parties. The party guilty of high treason and terrorism by a court A 29-year-old army captain, indefinitely suspended executions MOMENT OF THE YEAR: for trying to bomb a bridge near the palace. The after international criticism. Earlier in Press Freedom One of the many sons of King also asked for the release of MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Jammeh returned with Former justice minister Fatou Bensouda was bomb was intended for the king, but it blew up August, nine prisoners were executed Index: 75 (not Sobhuza II, the Great Council of political prisoners. Biya ordered an investigation into the failure Gambian forces from Liberia in in June sworn in as the International Criminal prematurely in a car the accused was travelling publicly by firing squad. free) State (the Liqoqo) selected the 14- of the Cameroonian national football team to 1994 and staged a bloodless Court’s new Prosecutor in The Hague, taking Swazi teachers downed their in, causing serious injuries to him and other Corruption year-old prince Makhosetive to be honour a November 15 friendly match with coup against the longtime FAILURES: over several African cases that had been tools for over a month after passengers. Index: 19 the next king following Sobhuza’s going on strike on June 22. They Algeria. ruler, Sir Dawda Jawara. Has President Yahya Jammeh’s government initiated by his predecessor Luis Moreno death in 1982. He was crowned since won three controversial Ocampo. (165/174) demanded a 4.5 per cent Mo Ibrahim Index: 52 (26/52) Mo Ibrahim Index: 45 (36/52) has been heavily criticised for gagging king on April 25, 1986. salary increase. Nurses had elections. Among Africa’s the media and limiting the freedom Mo Ibrahim Index: 52 (27/52) Human Democracy Index: 3.26 Democracy Index: 3.41 most bizarre and colourful Development SUCCESSES IN 2012: similarly gone on strike of expression, with many of the media Democracy Index: 3.38 but returned to work Press Freedom Index: 76 (not free) Press Freedom Index: 68 (not free) leaders, he claims mystic houses that oppose the government or Index: 0.34 King Mswati remains an powers, such as the Press Freedom Index: 81 (Not Free) absolute monarch, in control following a court order. Corruption Index: 37 (88/174) Corruption Index: 26 (144/174) appear too critical being shut down. NMG ability to cure Aids and Several Gambian journalists have Corruption Index: Grade: of the landlocked kingdom Swazi Prime Minister Human Development Index: 0.536 (low) Human Development Index: 0.495 asthma with single dose in spite of the protests and Sibusiso Dlamini remained been arrested and persecuted Human Development Index: 0.439 4/10 NMG Grade: 2.5/10 NMG Grade: 3/10 herbal treatments and a this year alone prompting the opposition to unseat him. in his post despite a vote banana-rich diet that he NMG Grade: 2/10 2012 Grade: of no confidence by parliament. 2012 Grade: ICU 2012 Grade: ICU Committee for the Protection of ICU personally concocts. His ability Journalists to demand that Ecowas 2012 Grade: ICU The EastAfrican The EastAfrican 40 SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL REPORT 41 JUNE 1-7, 2013 JUNE 1-7, 2013

GUINEA-BISSAU EQUATORIAL GUINEA ZIMBABWE CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF SOMALIA NAME: MANUEL SERIFO NHAMADJO NAME: TEODORO OBIANG NGUEMA FAILURES: NAME: ROBERT NAME: JOSEPH KABILA KABANGE FAILURES: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: NAME: HASSAN SHEIKH MOHAMUD The ill-equipped and underpaid Congolese The M23 rebels took over the strategic MBASOGO Despite the high poverty level in his country, GABRIEL MUGABE TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE TITLE: PRESIDENT OF SOMALIA, SINCE TITLE: HEAD OF TRANSITIONAL army was no match for the M23 as they eastern town of Goma on November TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF the president said that he wants to move the TITLE: PRESIDENT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, SEPTEMBER 10, 2012 GOVERNMENT, made their advance into Goma. They 20 with little resistance from the SINCE MAY 11, EQUATORIAL GUINEA, SINCE AUG 3, 1979 country’s capital to his rural home in Oyala. OF THE REPUBLIC SINCE JANUARY 17, 2001 He is accused of nepotism. He appointed his son mostly fled as the city fell to the police and the Congolese army. HIS POLITICAL HISTORY: 2012 OF ZIMBABWE, HIS POLITICAL STORY: HIS POLITICAL STORY: Teodorin Obiang as vice president and another rebels. The presence of the United He studied at Somalia’s national university before SINCE He was a guerrilla fighter alongside his HIS Teodoro is the nephew of founding president son to a key ministerial position. He also named President Kabila has been Nations peacekeepers did the civil war began in 1991, and proceeded to Bhopal DECEMBER 31, father, Joseph Kabila, in the struggle to POLITICAL Francisco Macías Nguema. President Obiang his brother defence minister. criticised for focusing on the little to prevent the fall of the University in India. 1987 oust the Mobutu regime. Once his father STORY: wore many hats before mounting a military events in North and South Kivu, town. The 56-year-old university lecturer was relatively In early June, over 30 Cameroonians were was in power, he rose through the ranks of He took coup and donning that of the brutal dictator, HIS POLITICAL while neglecting other major Mo Ibrahim Index: 33 unknown up until his election as president. In the expelled from the country. Cameroonians had government and held the position of chief of over from including those of army officer and prison STORY: issues. (51/52) academic and NGO worlds, Mohamud, also the co- warden. He has claimed through state radio to frequently complained of xenophobia, arbitrary Mugabe rose to staff of land forces until the elder president the head of The Mining Code adopted in Democracy Index: 2.15 founder of the Somali Institute of Management and be a “God.” His enemies claim he kills and eats incarcerations and evictions, confiscation of prominence in Kabila’s assassination in January 2001. He the National July 2002 was to be revised, Administrative Development, was a respected and the liver and intimate body parts of those who their residence permits, and a string of other the 1960s as took office in January 7, 2001, 10 days after Press Freedom Index: 83 Assembly who but this is yet be accomplished. influential figure who specialised in education. cross his path. Has siphoned off profits from the harassments by the country’s security forces as the secretary the murder of his father. (not free) was acting Deficiencies in the country’s oil reserves and allegedly well as by its citizens. general of He was chosen by lawmakers in early September 2012. as interim SUCCESSES IN 2012: code include the Corruption Index: 21 stashed it in overseas accounts, the Zimbabwe Before his election to the presidency, he had no known president after MOMENT OF THE YEAR: The country has posted few headline- existence of two (160/174) leaving his people in grinding African National political experience. then- Prosecutors in France called for an grabbing successes in 2012. It however different Customs and tax Human Development poverty. He is listed by Union (Zanu) He was born in 1955 in Jalalaqsi and is from the international arrest warrant for the hosted the 14th La Francophonie Summit regimes, which, if corrected, Index: 0.304 Forbes magazine as one of during the liberation war against the white powerful Hawiye clan in Mogadishu. president’s son, Teodorin Obiang, on in October 2012 in Kinshasa, attended by could considerably raise the the wealthiest heads of state minority government of Ian Smith. He was a NMG Grade: 2/10 president money laundering charges. He is world several heads of state, including French revenues the country receives from SUCCESSES IN 2012: in the world, having amassed political prisoner in Rhodesia for more than 2012 Grade: Morgue Malam renowned for his lavish lifestyle. President Francois Hollande. the mining. The port town of Kismayo, a stronghold of the Al a personal fortune of $600 10 years, a freedom fighter on his release, and Bacai Sanha Qaeda affiliated Al Shabaab militants, was taken over million or more. Mo Ibrahim Index: 41 (44/52) the prime minister following Zimbabwe’s first died in January while by the allied Amisom forces. Democracy Index: 1.77 democratic elections. In 1987, the position of undergoing treatment in Paris. Prior to SUCCESSES IN 2012: Prime Minister was abolished and Mugabe Following the election of the new president in this, he served as the president of the Equatorial Guinea Press Freedom Index: 91 (not free) SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN assumed the new office of executive president September 2012, a new prime minister was named as National People’s Assembly of Guinea opened the border Corruption Index: 20 (163/174) of Zimbabwe. NAME: SALVA KIIR MAYARDIT FAILURES: well, who went on to select a lean 10-member Cabinet. Bissau. In the March 18 election, he to Cameroon four NAME: OMAR HASSAN AL-BASHIR placed third in the first round, but was Human Development Index: Agreements over Abyei, disputed The Cabinet incuded Somalia’s first female Foreign months after closing it SUCCESSES IN 2012: TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE elected interim head after a military coup 0.554 border areas and the conflict in the Minister, Fawzia Yusuf Haji Aden. due to a trade dispute The European Union said that it would consider SUDAN, SINCE OCTOBER 16, 1993 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN, in April that saw the leading candidates NMG Grade: 2/10 Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile US Under-Secretary of State for Political Affairs — Cameroonian traders lifting sanctions against Mugabe and his inner SINCE JULY 2011 arrested. HIS POLITICAL STORY: States of Sudan remain vexing issues. Wendy Sherman visited Somalia in November, making had been forced to pay to 2012 Grade: Morgue circle if a peaceful and credible referendum on Al-Bashir faces two international arrest warrants HIS POLITICAL STORY: The kala-azar disease continued its her the highest ranking US official to call on Somalia in SUCCESSES IN 2012: enter the neighbouring country. the constitution were held. The bloc in 2002 — issued by the International Criminal Court in He took part in the first Sudanese civil deadly spread in South Sudan, with over 20 years. The Guinea Bissau army returned to slapped the octogenarian leader with a travel The Hague — on charges of genocide, war crimes war in the late 1960s and joined the conflict and poverty worsening the the barracks after the setting up of the ban and asset freeze, accusing him of electoral FAILURES: and crimes against humanity. He has dismissed the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement infection rates. It is spread by the bite transitional government, although the fraud. Al Shabaab militants continue to be a thorn in the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC allegations and has continued to travel to countries in the second civil war, where he of the sand-fly and results in death stain of having executed then-president side for the new Somali government’s, with the group The Zimbabwe Constitutional Select that oppose the indictment. rose to head the Sudan People’s if untreated. The outbreak that Joao Vieira clung to it. The junta and NAME: FRANÇOIS BOZIZÉ YANGOUVONDA in to the rebels’ demands and announced rejecting the election of the president in September. Committee completed the country’s draft Liberation Army. The former began in 2009 has yet to let up, a group of political parties agreed to a the appointment of prime minister Nicolas SUCCESSES IN 2012 TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE CENTRAL constitution and handed it over to President rebel commander took over affecting some 25,000 people Somalia remains one of the most dangerous places in road map that will see the country hold Tiangaye, an opposition figure. The move was President Bashir ordered the doubling of the AFRICAN REPUBLIC FROM MARCH 15, Mugabe and Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai after the death of in 2012. the world to be a journalist, according to Reporters elections sometime in 2013 after the 2003 (OUSTED MARCH 2013 – EDITOR’S made after a ceasefire between the government in April. minimum wage, although it only applied to the charismatic Without Borders. appointment of a new election body. and the rebels. government workers, to help consumers cope with John Garang The fact that it is NOTE). According to the Brussels-based International FAILURES: increasing inflation. Despite this, it was still criticised in a helicopter a new state with FAILURES: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Federation of Journalists, Somalia comes second on HIS POLITICAL STORY: Finance Minister Tendai Biti announced that as being only a quarter of the real needed minimum crash in 2005, many parts still Donors cut aid to the West African Fighters of the Seleka rebel coalition began to their list of the highest number of journalists killed President Bozize seized power in a coup, the country had only $217 in the bank, saying wage. and guided difficult to access; country over what they termed “lack take over parts of the country on December 10, in the world in 2012 after Syria, with a record 18, overthrowing Ange-Felix Patasse in 2003, state finances were in a paralytic state. He said his homeland that it remains troubled of democratic institutions,” leading to and two weeks later they were knocking on the Bashir and South Sudan leader Salva Kiir committed surpassing 2009 when nine were killed. before winning an election two years later. that he had revealed the state of the country’s to achieve full by conflict; and that its an economic crisis as the country was doors of the capital Bangui. (A power-sharing to the creation of a buffer zone around their shared finances to prove that Zimbabwe had no border in talks held in Addis Ababa. They also agreed Independence in government has not set up MOMENT OF THE YEAR: heavily reliant on foreign aid. SUCCESSES IN 2012: deal saved Bozize, but in March 2013 it money to finance the general election. effective structures yet, Little to write home about. The unravelled and he was kicked out by the to resume oil exports from the South, as well as 2011. Somali leaders in August 2012 overwhelmingly backed MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Meanwhile, Zimbabwe continued to struggle to cross-border trade. also means that producing a new constitution that paved the way for the election country’s football moved up rebels) SUCCESSES IN 2012: The UN Security Council expressed feed its population and poverty is still endemic. and collecting data on of leaders to government for the first time in over 30 15 places in October’s Fifa Though it remained concern over the country’s lack of rule The president was reported to have had FAILURES: South Sudan is still nearly years. 645 members of the Constituent Assembly were World Rankings into 49th MOMENT OF THE YEAR: wracked by of law, adding that drug trafficking had his own son detained for failing to pay a Despite the partition of Sudan, there continued to impossible. present, of whom 621 place, entering the world’s Mugabe sparked outrage thousands of miles violent conflict, increased since the coup and demanded a hotel bill. Kevin Bozize was said to have be tension over the oil-rich Abyei region, both sides backed the document, 13 top 50, thus joining the top away when he said Jamaican men were always the country was MOMENT OF THE YEAR: return to constitutional rule. The country been detained by police after he ran bitterly claiming ownership of the fertile area, and voted against while 11 ranks of Africa’s teams, high and only wanted to sing rather than go lauded by the African A new oil deal was signed had become a transit point for drugs up a bill of close to $15,000 at a local clashes between Northern and Southern forces have abstained. coming in the 9th position. hotel in Bangui. to college, calling them “perennially drunk and occurred. Union chair for being able to between Juba and Khartoum to heading to South America and Europe. restart South Sudan’s oil flow through Mo Ibrahim Index: FAILURES: hooked on marijuana.” reach an agreement over conflicts with Mo Ibrahim Index: 40 (45/52) Mo Ibrahim Index: 34 (48/52) The economy performed especially badly in 2012. The Sudan in December 2012. South Sudan 7 (52/52) The Central African Republic’s Mo Ibrahim Index: 34 (47/52) International Monetary Fund (IMF) had projected Sudan. Talks with the North are still Democracy Index: 1.99 Democracy Index: 1.82 ongoing. accounted for about 75 per cent of oil Democracy Index: army turned out to be too ill- Democracy Index: 2.68 a -7.3 per cent GDP contraction, but had to adjust Sudan was exporting before the split Press Freedom Index: 57 (partly free) equipped and indisciplined Press Freedom Index: 62 (not free) it downwards to -11.2%. This was a direct result of In an effort to strengthen diplomatic n/a Press Freedom Index: 80 (not free) in July 2011. Corruption Index: 25 (150/174) to offer any resistance Corruption Index: 26 (144/174) South Sudan’s secession, which heavily impacted on relations with other countries, South Press Freedom Index: to the Seleka Corruption Index: 20 (163/174) the oil revenues that constituted the bulk of Sudan’s Sudan opened a number of embassies Mo Ibrahim Index: n/a 84 (not free) Human Development Index: 0.364 Human Development Index: rebels’ offensive, 0.352 Human Development Index: 0.397 (low) export earnings. around the world. By mid-2012, it Democracy Index: n/a Corruption Index: NMG Grade: 2/10 as they captured had managed to establish 11 of the NMG Grade: 1/10 NMG Grade: 2/10 MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Press Freedom Index: 59 (partly 8 (174/174) 2012 Grade: Morgue swathes of the country. 22 embassies it had set out to open free) 2012 Grade: Morgue 2012 Grade: Morgue Sudan experienced a yellow fever outbreak, with initially. Human Development President Bozize caved experts saying that it was the worst the world had Corruption Index: n/a Index: n/a Africa’s youngest state also offered seen in 20 years. The disease had killed 168 people Human Development Index: n/a NMG Grade: 2/10 by mid-December and to mediate between foes Eritrea and Ethiopia, which have been embroiled in NMG Grade: 3.5/10 2012 Grade: ERITREA 800 suspected cases were reported in a border conflict for the past 14 years. 2012 Grade: Incomplete Incomplete NAME: ISAIAS AFWERKI SUCCESSES IN 2012: FAILURES: MOMENT OF THE YEAR: Darfur. TITLE: PRESIDENT OF THE STATE Eritrea maintains the label The East African security and development Eritrea launched a peace effort to mediate in Mo Ibrahim OF ERITREA, SINCE JUNE 8, of the Horn of Africa’s “bad bloc, IGAD, put on hold Eritrea’s application for the conflicts in Kordofan and Blue Nile regions Index: Nil NOTE ON METHODOLOGY boy”, but while millions were readmission after the country’s expression of pitting Sudan against SPLM-N. Sudanese and 1993 Democracy Leaders’ grades were derived highly in one or two areas, but Human Development Index were added to these basic pledged from various nations interest in rejoining. SPLM officials were invited to Asmara by Index: 2.38 HIS POLITICAL STORY: and organisations to help the President Afwerki to discuss peace initiatives. from how they placed in five poorly in the rest, he/she will – 20% grades: the Intensive Care Unit Widespread human rights violations continue. Press Freedom respected international indices end up with a dismal overall NMG Political Index – 35% (ICU) and the Morgue. Leaders Afwerki took leadership of countries affected by drought Reporters Without Borders reported that three Mo Ibrahim Index: 33 (49/52) Eritrea after leading the country and famine, Eritrea silently Index: 78 of governance, plus the Nation grade. A consistent score across Leaders were assigned letter in this range represent the jailed Eritrean journalists, Dawit Habtemichael, Democracy Index: 2.34 (154/167) Media Group (NMG) Political the board, on the other hand, bottom of the barrel. to Independence in 1991. A works away at its own model of Mattewos Habteab and Wedi Itay had died due Corruption Index: grades based on their 0-100 co-founder of the Eritrean development, which keeps the Press Freedom Index: 94 (not free) 13 Index. Their scores in these will place him/her highly in the score, derived from the six *For a full explanation of the to harsh prison conditions in 2012. indices were weighted, then overall standings. The indices People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), donors and dependency at bay. Corruption Index: 25 (150/174) Human Development indices. The best of the group methodology and the indices he successfully ended 30 years of In December, 17 Eritrean footballers and team combined to produce a score on were weighted as follows: received “A”, good performers it partly drew from, visit An Eritrean government delegation Human Development Index: 0.351 Index: 0.414 (low) secessionist warfare. Called off doctor who vanished in Uganda applied for 100. The best governors placed Mo Ibrahim Index – 10% got “B”, passable leaders got “C.” www.theeastafrican.co.ke & visited South Africa with the aim of NMG Grade: 2/10 promised elections in 1997, and asylum in the country, citing “bad conditions” in NMG Grade: 2/10 closest to 100, and the worst Democracy Index – 10% Leaders who performed below www.africareview.com boosting ties with the continent’s their home country. 2012 Grade: closest to 0. The scorecard governs a one-party state. In economic powerhouse, and signed 2012 Grade: Morgue Press Freedom Index – 10% standard received “D” and “F.” 2008, he called off elections Morgue heavily rewards consistency. Illustrations: John Nyaga co-operation agreements. Corruption Index – 15% Also, two special categories for “three or four decades.” If an Africa leader scores very