THESIS APPROVED by Îêllìawd..C ÂJA 8L& M A
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THESIS APPROVED BY îÊllìawd..C ÂJA 8L& M a.1 or Adviser Dean THE HISTORY OP THE RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOLS IN THE LEAVENWORTH DIOCESE 1929-1945 BY SISTER MARY PATRICK RILEY, O.S.B. A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of the Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Education OMAHA, 1948 THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OE MY MOTHER MY EIRST AND BEST TEACHER OE RELIGION 7 8 5 3 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The writer expresses her deep appreciation to Reverend Mother M. Lucy and the Sisters of her Religious Community for the oppor tunity of pursuing graduate study at Creigh ton University. Special acknowledgement is offered to Doctor Daniel C. Sullivan, her major adviser under whose direction this study was completed. Finally, sincere thanks are offered to the pastors and teachers of the Religious Vacation Schools and to all those who helped make this study possible. TABLE OE CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION .......................... 1 II. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OE THE RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOL MOVEMENT.............. 15 Oregon Venture Advent of the Catholic Rural Life The National Council of Catholic Women Confraternity of Christian Doctrine III. BEGINNINGS OE THE RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOL IN THE LEAVENWORTH DIOCESE . 33 Growth and Development Administration Organization and Operation Curriculum IV. NEED OE EOLLOW-UP PROGRAM ............52 Correspondence Course V. Evaluation....................... 67 VI. RESULTS OE THEQUESTIONNAIRE .............. 72 VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION................... 95 APPENDIX................................100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 119 LIST OP TABLES Table Page 1. Changes in Enrollment, 1929-1945 .... 107 2. Vacation Schools of Diocese of Leaven worth . 108 3. Report of the Religious Vacation Schools Summer, 1945 .......................... 110 4. Catholic Children Attending Public Schools . 112 5. Religious Instruction Offered in Parishes Without Parochial Schools ............ 113 6. Approximate Humber of Pupils Annually in Vacation Schools, Opening before 1936 . 115 7. Approximate Humber of Pupils Annually in Vacation Schools, Opening after 1936 . 117 8. Map of the Religious Vacation Schools in the Leavenworth Diocese ................ 118 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The month of June, 1945 marked the twenty- fifth anniversary of an event which has had a profound and widespread effect on the Catholic life of this country. This event was the inauguration of the first organized Religious Vacation School at Cottage Grove, Springfield and Junction City, missions of St. Mary's parish, Eugene, Oregon. The history of the Religious Vacation School is surprising in that it covers a period of years considerably longer than one would at first suspect. No doubt many pastors in the land have devised sim ilar plans in their attempts to answer the problem of the religious education of Catholic children attend ing public schools. However, because of the want of detailed information concerning such attempts our history of the vacation school must, of necessity, be incomplete. With the birth of the Catholic Rural Life Con ference, we can trace the advance of the vacation school through vigorous movements that have borne it on. Later that organization asked the National Council of Catholic Women to take charge of the novel undertaking 2 which got it3 original impetus from the success achieved by Father O’Hara in Oregon. In order to give proper credit to each, the writer will treat the matter in the first chapter under four heads; first Father O'Hara’s work in Oregon will be recorded; following that, the work of the Catholic Rural Life Conference, the National Council of Catholic Women and the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine will be traced.1 The humble beginning of the Religious Vacation School gave little hint of the tremendous growth it was to enjoy. The first year showed a record of three schools, four teachers, and forty-seven pupils. Recent records show that there were 8,523 schools with over 700,000 pupils enrolled.* 2 But while the achievements can scarcely be overestimated, there is a world of work to be done. Today the Religious Vacation School program is an integral part of the Confraternity of Christian Doc trine. Its twenty-five years of life fill a rich and varied chapter in the history of education in the United States. God has blessed its beginnings and Edward Lilly, "The Catholic Religious Vacation School," Educational Research Bulletin. IV (March, 1929), 11. 2Eastem Kansas Register. November 23, 1945. 3 growth. May His benediction crown all its efforts in the years that lie ahead.3 OBJECTIVE OF THESIS It is the purpose of this thesis to record the origin, development, character and efficacy of the Religious Vacation Schools in the Leavenworth Diocese from 1929-1945. It is also expected to answer the Catholic demand to describe the name and nature of the Religious Vacation School as it exists in this country and to indicate some of the results which are being achieved. Furthemore the writer aims to point the way to future development in the organization and the program for the Rural Vacation Schools. This research should prove a source of information to all interested in the Religious Vacation Schools, and may be of use in furnishing data to those who seek information on the education factors in the diocese. It should also increase the already active interest and facilitate progress in the Religious Vacation School movement. PREVIOUS WORK DOME IN TIE FIELD In 1945 Father Leo Herken, Diocesan Director of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, compiled a general history of the Religious Vacation Schools in 3 3Ralph Richards, "The Religious Vacation School," Our Parish Confraternity. May, 1945, p. 3. 4 the Leavenworth Diocese. This record was sent to the National Welfare Council at Washington, D. C. The present thesis differs from Father Herken’s account in several particulars: object, method of approach, and comprehensive nature. Father Herken aimed at a brief survey for the files of the National Catholic Welfare Conference at Washington. His record is a compilation of general statistics which he had at his command. He made no attempt to give a detailed presentation, and as a result Father Herken’s account is far less compre hensive than is the history here. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION The sources from which were gathered the data contained in this thesis include the following: Files of the various newspapers published in Kansas between the years 1930-1945; Magazine articles describing several important features on the Religious Vacation Schools; Personal Interviews with former teachers; Catholic Directory; school records; questionnaire.4 A letter explaining the nature of this history was in cluded with each questionnaire. DEFINITION OF TERMS A definition of terms as used in this thesis 4 Cf. Appendix, p. 104. 5 are: Religious Vacation School is an organized school of religious education for three hours during the fore noon, five days a week, for four weeks during the public school summer vacation. It is for children who do not attend a Catholic school through the regular school year. By “an organized school" we are to understand an educational arrangement with a definite system for enrolling, classifying and grading pupils, with compe tent teachers and intelligently planned programs of study and sufficient instructional materials for ef ficient teaching and learning. By "religious education" we mean not only the instruction of the mind in Catholic doctrine and precept but also the training of the will, the purifying of the emotions, the inculcation of high ideals and the forma tion of right habits of moral conduct and religious practice, so as to produce the true and finished Christ ian character. RURAL RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOLS are those which are held in farming sections where there is either a parish with the Catholic farming population scattered for miles around, or a farming community removed many miles from the parochial church or mission church.® ®Leon McNeill, "The Seminarian and Vacation Schools," Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Proceed ings. October 9, 1937, p. 344. 6 WEEK-DAY RELIGIOUS SCHOOL aims to gather Catholic children for religious instruction during special "release" periods granted by the public school; it also functions during, before school, and after school hours as well as on Saturday, according to local arrangements.6 RELIGIOUS VACATION SCHOOL MANUAL is a graded course of study used by the Confraternity teachers since 1936 as a basic outline for conducting classes for Catholic children attending public schools.? NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CATHOLIC WOMEN is a federating force uniting all organizations of Catholic lay women within the United States, without destroying the autonomy of anyone, but rather increasing the effectiveness of each by stimulating larger membership and greater activities.® THE NATIONAL WELFARE CONFERENCE is a clearing house of information regarding activities of Catholic men and women; a common agency acting under the authority of the Bishops to promote the welfare of the Church and of Catholic activities and to make Catholic teachings more *7 ®Paul Ellinger, "Rural Religious Vacation Schools," Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Proceedings, November 15, 1941, p. 151. 7Lilly, op. cit., p. 9. ®Thomas Driscoll, "Religious Vacation School Manual," Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Proceedings, October 3, 1936, p. 191. 7 widespread and effective.9 THE GONFRATBRNITY OP CHRISTIAN