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Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2017 Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves Beau Duke Carroll University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Carroll, Beau Duke, "Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4985 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Beau Duke Carroll entitled "Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Jan Simek, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: David G. Anderson, Julie L. Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Beau Duke Carroll December 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Beau Duke Carroll All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would not be possible without the following people who contributed their time and expertise. -
Social Psychology of Violence
Social Psychology of Violence From "Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict" Situational, Cognitive, and Systemic Sources of Violence Three Kinds of Violence: Episodic, Structural, and Cultural Analysis of Conflict and Violence at Multiple Levels Social Psychology of Peace-making Social Psychology of Structural and Cultural Violence Peace Psychology: The Pursuit of Peace-building Further Reading Glossary Enemy Images Exaggerated representations of the ‘other’ as thoroughly diabolical, aggressive, and untrustworthy. Dehumanization The mental process of stripping away the human qualities of the other. Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency to perceive the bad behavior of out-group members to bad character and to perceive the bad behavior of in-group members to situational factors. Structural Violence Indirect violence through social injustice, inequity, and failure to meet basic human needs for items such as food and shelter. Superordinate Goals Goals that lie within the interests of each group in a conflict but that can be attained only through intergroup cooperation, which reduces tensions and destructive conflict. Social psychology examines the psychological influence of people on people. Although violence such as the mass killing at Virginia Tech in April 2007 by a lone gunman is often seen as individual aggression, social psychology analyzes such acts through the lens of social and situational influences. Situational, Cognitive, and Systemic Sources of Violence Following World War II, psychological analyses of violence often emphasized personality variables, such as the degree to which people are receptive to prejudice or have a tendency to endorse authoritarian beliefs. This emphasis arose as an effort to understand the rise of fascism in Europe and later, the problem of race relations in the United States. -
Writing Systems Reading and Spelling
Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems LING 200: Introduction to the Study of Language Hadas Kotek February 2016 Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Outline 1 Writing systems 2 Reading and spelling Spelling How we read Slides credit: David Pesetsky, Richard Sproat, Janice Fon Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems What is writing? Writing is not language, but merely a way of recording language by visible marks. –Leonard Bloomfield, Language (1933) Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems Writing and speech Until the 1800s, writing, not spoken language, was what linguists studied. Speech was often ignored. However, writing is secondary to spoken language in at least 3 ways: Children naturally acquire language without being taught, independently of intelligence or education levels. µ Many people struggle to learn to read. All human groups ever encountered possess spoken language. All are equal; no language is more “sophisticated” or “expressive” than others. µ Many languages have no written form. Humans have probably been speaking for as long as there have been anatomically modern Homo Sapiens in the world. µ Writing is a much younger phenomenon. Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems (Possibly) Independent Inventions of Writing Sumeria: ca. 3,200 BC Egypt: ca. 3,200 BC Indus Valley: ca. 2,500 BC China: ca. 1,500 BC Central America: ca. 250 BC (Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs) Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems Writing and pictures Let’s define the distinction between pictures and true writing. -
Psychological Principles in Social Engineering
Psychological Principles in Social Engineering September 20, 2011 Introductions • Joe Sechman, CISSP|CISA|CSSLP, Director of Attack and Penetration Testing Practice • Robert Carr, CISSP|OSCP , Senior Manager within Attack and Penetration Testing Practice 2 Presentation Goal • Increase awareness regarding social engineering techniques by examining common psychological principles and real -world examples • *Disclaimer* we are NOT psychologists or law enforcement 3 What is Social Engineering? Social engineering is the ability to manipulate people, by deception, into giving out information or performing an action. 2 [1] Photo: Breaking Bad from AMCTV: http://www.amctv.com/breaking-bad/videos/breaking-bad-talked-about-scenes-jesse-and-the-meth-head [2] Mann, Ian (2008). Hacking the Human: Social Engineering Techniques and Security Countermeasures. Burlington, VT: Gower. 4 Psychological Principles • Conformity (Solomon Asch) • Obedience to Authority (Stanley Milgram) • Ingratiation (J.S. Seiter) • Influence/Persuasion (Robert Cialdini) 5 Conformity • Conformity • The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to what individuals perceive is normal of their society or social group. 6 Conformity • Types • Informational • An individual seeks information from the group to come to a decision. • Normative • An individual changes their behavior in public to align with the group. 7 Conformity • The Asch Experiment • Tested whether individuals will conform with a group. • All but one of the participants were confederates of the experiment. 8 Conformity • The Asch Experiment • “Vision Tests” 9 Conformity • “Vision Test” • Results • 18 subjects • 74% of subjects complied at least once. • 32% of responses were compliant 10 Conformity • “Vision Test” • Further Observations • None of the participants complied 100% • Criticisms • Societal Views • What is compliant and what is polite? 11 Conformity Examples • Cults • Jonestown Massacre • Led by Jim Jones • November 18, 1978. -
1971-1972 Report of the Office of the Ombudsman
• Economic Status of Faculty (Meyerson, Reitz) • COMMISSION: Three-Year Plan • SENATE: Structure of Senate; Fall Meeting • First Annual Report of the Ombudsman Volume 19, Number 6 October 3, 1972 • DEATHS • GRANTS • WATS for the University Published weekly by the University of Pennsylvania Open Letter: The Search for a Provost TO: The Students, Faculty, Alumni, Administration, and Trustees of the University From: The Consultative Committee to Advise the President on the Selection of a Provost Date: October 2, 1972 The Consultative Committee for the selection of a new Provost is now searching for qualified candidates and invites nominations from the University Community. The Provost serves as the chief academic officer of the Uni versity and, as such, has primary responsibility for the quality of both teaching and research. His influence over academic standards is maintained through his review of proposals re lating to the appointment, tenure and promotion of all faculty members with the rank of assistant professor or above and through his recommendations to the President concerning the appointment of departmental chairmen and deans. Furthermore, in his role as budgetary officer he reviews proposals for new academic programs, for the expansion of existing programs, NEWS IN BRIEF and for the retention of old programs. The Provost's day-to-day decisions affect primarily the inter HARRISBURG VOTES YES ests and welfare of the faculty but they also affect students The State appropriation of $13.8 million to the University indirectly through the quality of the faculty attracted and re cleared the General Assembly with approval by the Senate tained and through his budgetary impact on programs. -
Writing Systems: Their Properties and Implications for Reading
Writing Systems: Their Properties and Implications for Reading Brett Kessler and Rebecca Treiman doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324576.013.1 Draft of a chapter to appear in: The Oxford Handbook of Reading, ed. by Alexander Pollatsek and Rebecca Treiman. ISBN 9780199324576. Abstract An understanding of the nature of writing is an important foundation for studies of how people read and how they learn to read. This chapter discusses the characteristics of modern writing systems with a view toward providing that foundation. We consider both the appearance of writing systems and how they function. All writing represents the words of a language according to a set of rules. However, important properties of a language often go unrepresented in writing. Change and variation in the spoken language result in complex links to speech. Redundancies in language and writing mean that readers can often get by without taking in all of the visual information. These redundancies also mean that readers must often supplement the visual information that they do take in with knowledge about the language and about the world. Keywords: writing systems, script, alphabet, syllabary, logography, semasiography, glottography, underrepresentation, conservatism, graphotactics The goal of this chapter is to examine the characteristics of writing systems that are in use today and to consider the implications of these characteristics for how people read. As we will see, a broad understanding of writing systems and how they work can place some important constraints on our conceptualization of the nature of the reading process. It can also constrain our theories about how children learn to read and about how they should be taught to do so. -
Social Science Studies and Experiments with Web Applications
Social Science Studies and Experiments with Web Applications Author Dawit Bezu Mengistu Supervisor Aris Alissandrakis Exam date 30 August 2018 Subject Social Media and Web Technologies Level Master Course code 5ME11E-VT18 Abstract This thesis explores a web-based method to do studies in cultural evolution. Cu- mulative cultural evolution (CCE) is defined as social learning that allows for the accumulation of changes over time where successful modifications are maintained un- til additional change is introduced. In the past few decades, many interdisciplinary studies were conducted on cultural evolution. However, until recently most of those studies were limited to lab experiments. This thesis aims to address the limitations of the experimental methods by replicating a lab-based experiment online. A web-based application was developed and used for replicating an experiment on conformity by Solomon Asch[1951]. The developed application engages participants in an optical illusion test within different groups of social influence. The major finding of the study reveals that conformity increases on trials with higher social influence. In addition, it was also found that when the task becomes more difficult, the subject's conformity increases. These findings were also reported in the original experiment. The results of the study showed that lab-based experiments in cultural evolution studies can be replicated over the web with quantitatively similar results. Keywords| Cumulative Cultural Evolution, web-based experiment, optical illusion, real-time communication 1 Dedication To Simon & Yohana 2 Acknowledgements I want to thank the Swedish Institute (SI) for granting me a scholarship. I would like to express my great appreciation to my supervisor Dr. -
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2017-05-17 Document version:5.2 Authors: Ethiopic Script Generation Panel Contents 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract ........................................................................................ 3 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ................................................................................................ 3 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It .................................................................... 4 3.1 Local Languages Using the Script .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Geographic Territories of the Language or the Language Map of Ethiopia ................................ 7 4 Overall Development Process and Methodology .............................................................................. 8 4.1 Sources Consulted to Determine the Repertoire....................................................................... 8 4.2 Team Composition and Diversity .............................................................................................. 9 4.3 Analysis of Code Point Repertoire .......................................................................................... 10 4.4 Analysis of Code Point Variants .............................................................................................. 11 5 Repertoire .................................................................................................................................... -
Social Psychology and Science: Some Lessons from Solomon Asch
Personality and Social Psychology Review Copyright © 2001 by 2001, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2–14 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Social Psychology and Science: Some Lessons From Solomon Asch Paul Rozin Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania This article presents a methodological critique of the predominant research para- digms in modern social psychology, particularly social cognition, taking the approach of Solomon Asch as a more appropriate model. The critique has 2 parts. First, the dom- inant model of science in the field is appropriate only for a well-developed science, in which basic, real-world phenomena have been identified, important invariances in these phenomena have been documented, and appropriate model systems that capture the essence of these phenomena have been developed. These requirements are not met for most of the phenomena under study in social psychology. Second, the model of sci- ence in use is a caricature of the actual scientific process in well-developed sciences such as biology. Such research is often not model or even hypothesis driven, but rather relies on “informed curiosity” to motivate research. Descriptive studies are consid- ered important and make up a substantial part of the literature, and there is less exclu- sive reliance on experiment. The two parts of the critique are documented by analysis of articles in appropriate psychology and biology journals. The author acknowledges that important and high quality work is currently being done in social psychology, but believes that the field has maladaptively narrowed the range of the phenomena and methodological approaches that it deems acceptable or optimal. Psychology appears to progress by removing the ob- Before we inquire into origins and functional rela- stacles it has placed in its path. -
Writing Language
Writing language Linguists generally agree with the following statement by one of the founders of the modern science of language. Writing is not language, but merely a way of recording language by visible marks. Leonard Bloomfield, Language (1933) Some version of this is clearly true, as we can see by looking at the history of the human species and of each human individual. In both regards, spoken language precedes written language. Speech Writing Present in every society Present only in some societies, and only rather recently Learned before writing Learned after speech is acquired Learned by all children in normal Learned only by instruction, and often not circumstances, without instruction learned at all Human evolution has made speaking Evolution has not specifically favored easier writing Another way to express Bloomfield's point is to say that writing is "parasitic" on speech, expressing some but not all of the things that speech expresses. Specifically, writing systems convey the sequence of known words or other elements of a language in a real or hypothetical utterance, and indicate (usually somewhat less well) the pronunciation of words not already known to the reader. Aspects of speech that writing leaves out can include emphasis, intonation, tone of voice, accent or dialect, and individual characteristics. Some caveats are in order. In the first place, writing is usually not used for "recording language" in the sense of transcribing speech. Writing may substitute for speech, as in a letter, or may deploy the expressive resources of spoken language in visual structures (such as tables) that can't easily be replicated in spoken form at all. -
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Casey Cooper, Ph.D. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY How does the presence of other people influence the behavior of individuals, dyads, and groups? Trayvon Martin, 17, was shot to death at the hands of George Zimmerman, a volunteer neighborhood watchman, in 2012. Was his death the result of self-defense or racial bias? That question drew hundreds of people to rally on each side of this heated debate. Figure 12.1 (credit “signs”: modification of work by David Shankbone; credit “walk”: modification of work by "Fibonacci Blue"/Flickr) WHAT IS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY? Social psychology deals with all kinds of interactions between people, spanning a wide range of how we connect: from moments of confrontation to moments of working together and helping others. Social psychologists believe that an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations. Intrapersonal topics – emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition. Interpersonal topics – helping behavior, aggression, prejudice and discrimination, attraction and close relationship, and group processes and intergroup relationships. Figure 12.2 (credit: Sgt. Derec Pierson, U.S. Army) SITUATIONAL & DISPOSITIONAL INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR Situationism – the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. • Used by social psychologists. Dispositionism – the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors (attribute of a person such as personality traits and temperament). • Favored in the U.S. • Used by personality psychologists. Modern social psychologists often consider both the situation and individual. FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR Fundamental attribution error – tendency to overemphasize internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of other people and underestimate the power of the situation. -
Book Reviews
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 42(3), 279–280 Summer 2006 Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002 /jhbs.20173 © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. BOOK REVIEWS D. Brett King and Michael Wertheimer. Max Wertheimer and Gestalt Theory. New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Transaction Publishers, 2005. 438 pp. $49.95. ISBN: 0- 7658-0258-9. To review this long-awaited volume is a delicate task. Full disclosure up front: I have known and liked Michael Wertheimer for more than 30 years, since I first began my own work on the history of Gestalt theory. I was privileged to work with the Max Wertheimer papers in the mid-1970s, when they were still stored in Michael Wertheimer’s home in Boulder, Colorado. At that time, Michael Wertheimer already planned to write a biography of his father. The finished book, written with the help of D. Brett King, can only be called a labor of love. This is a fascinating, comprehensive, generally well-written, and, above all, warm- hearted volume. The authors make every effort to give both the person and his creation their due. As might be expected, Wertheimer’s family life gets detailed attention. The authors make judicious use of an extended interview with Max Wertheimer’s former wife and Michael Wertheimer’s mother, Anni Wertheimer Hornbostel, and other family documents, including a newspaper “published” by the Wertheimer children. And Michael Wertheimer contributes his own memories of his father, helping to make him come alive on the page. Max Wertheimer’s