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INSIDE: • The state and economic reform — page 2. • Commentary on denial of redress — page 6. • A view from Kirovohrad — page 8. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXIII No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8,1995 75 cents

Annual survey reports gains in freedom Ukraine's energy crisis shaky democratic transitions. Democratic necessitates cutbacks Freedom House cites progress can often be strengthened through diplomatic support and economic commitments. JERSEY CITY, N.J. — Ukraine continues to suffer the effects growth in democracy "As Congress closely reviews foreign aid," of an energy crisis that has held a grip on it since December 1994. Mr. Karatnycky said, "it should focus on weak The crisis deepened in the last week with Ukraine announcing that WASHINGTON — In 1994 there were 114 it will begin rationing electricity for street lights and hot water in democracies - the largest number in history and (partly free) democracies. Ignoring their plight now may result in greater costs later." The most major cities, the Associated Press reported on December 30, 1994. more than double the total of the early 1970s - Ukraine imports almost two-thirds of its energy needs, buying reported Freedom House. A significant majority repressive governments that make no pretense of respecting democratic principles should no oil, natural gas and, lately, coal from Russia, Turkmenistan and of the world's nations, 60 percent, or 114 out of Poland, but recently it has lacked the hard currency needed to pay 191, are now formal democracies, namely, elect­ longer receive development aid. According to Freedom House, the upcoming for the commodities. ed governments with a framework of basic rep­ The result has been rationing. In Kyyiv, hot water was supplied to resentative institutions. dialogue on foreign aid between the administration and the Congress should include: a) targeting U.S. apartments for merely three hours a day last week. On December 28, "Never before have so many countries been foreign aid development assistance to emerging some 800,000 people in Kharkiv, Ukraine's second largest city, were trying to follow democratic rules; the growth in democracies and partly free societies, in which without electricity for three hours. Other measures enacted included a free societies, however modest, indicates that further progress toward freedom is possible; b) ban on illuminated advertising and sharp reductions in street lighting. last year's dramatic erosion in freedom has sub­ expanding the range of funds available to the The Parliament earlier had reduced television broadcasting to sided," said Bette Bao Lord, chairman of National Endowment for Democracy to promote four hours a day, limiting it to the 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. slot when most Freedom House, the New York-based human democratic transitions; c) promoting the flow of viewers tune in. However, President Leonid Kuchma ordered full rights organization founded in 1941. democratic literature and ideas; d) strengthening resumption of Ukrainian Television broadcasts after people com­ The year 1994 welcomed seven new democ­ the broadcasting of the Voice of America, Radio plained that children, on holiday from school or home because racies: Ukraine, South Africa, Haiti, Marti, R^dio Liberty arid Radio Free Europe; e) school buildings are not properly heated, needed diversions. Mozambique, Malawi, Guinea-Bissau and Palau, funding Asian Democracy Radio adequately; and Many viewers also expressed outrage that their favorite reported Freedom House's Survey of Freedom in f) moving quickly to resolve the security vacuum Mexican soap opera did not ah\ this in a country currently experi­ the World, which monitors political rights and in Eastern and Central Europe so as to stabilize the encing a soap opera craze. civil liberties in all 191 countries and 58 territo­ region's new democracies. In the last two months Ukraine's industrial output has fallen by ries throughout the world. Regional developments half, as many plants, unable to purchase energy supplies, have shut Many democracies could backslide down, including most of Ukraine's metallurgical and chemical East Europe and Newly Independent States: industry. Despite the growth in democracies, many are Five years after the collapse of communism, Ukraine's Deputy Prime Minister Anatoliy Dyuba said that for at risk from internal divisiveness, rampant cor­ Eastern and Central Europe offer cause for hope. the moment this was not the government's major concern. "The ruption, overarching influence by militaries and Today, with the exception of Albania and main problem now is not to raise the industrial output, but to save oligarchies, or destabilization from abroad. Romania and the countries in conflict-ridden for­ people from freezing to death," he said. Consequently, 37 democracies are rated partly mer Yugoslavia, all the Central and East free, or lacking some basic rights, and one, European states are now free, but are struggling Bosnia, is not free because of the government's to strengthen the vitality of their civic institu­ inability to maintain basic civil order amid inter- tions. Rescued seaman: I was ethnic strife and external destabilization. Among the newly independent states, Ukraine "Many democracies face serious challenges to registered democratic gains because of a series their stability and are incapable of guaranteeing of local and national elections. Writh the imple­ sure I would be saved the basic rights of their citizens," said Adrian mentation of a new citizenship law, Latvia by Christopher Guly Karatnycky, president of Freedom House. moved into the free category. Russia sustained Inter-ethnic and inter-sectarian strife are sub­ its recent democratic gains, but now threatens OTTAWA - Ten days after being rescued by a U.S. helicopter, stantial factors in the erosion of liberties in the some neighbors and colludes in efforts to topple Ukrainian seaman Alexander Taranov, 36, granted an interview to partly free democracies of India, Turkey, Mali certain indigenous authorities. the Canadian Press Agency. Mr. Taranov is one of the two known and Niger. Latin America: Haiti changed from not free to survivors of the Ukrainian cargo ship, the Salvador Allende, that In the transition from communism, the new partly free. The resilient Haitian people now have sank in the North Atlantic on December 9, 1994. The other sur­ democracies of Russia, Ukraine, Romania and another chance at democracy, but the challenges viving crew member is first mate Ivan Skiba. Albania still lack a full range of effective civic of rebuilding a nation require great skill, patience From his hospital bed in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Mr. Taranov institutions, including a truly free press and inde­ and determination on the part of President described how he slept "for 20 to 30 minutes at a time" while the pendent judiciary. Bertrand Aristide and the U.S. The Cuban people stormy seas tossed him around for 32 hours. The waves "kept slap­ ping me in the face and waking me up." Another major debilitating factor for some demonstrated discontent in growing numbers, but still awaited their chance for freedom. The seaman said that he could see two aircraft and heard others, as democracies, many in Latin America, is the level he floated in the cold Atlantic drinking a can of 7-Up, wearing only of corruption and/or influence of drug cartels. With the election of a well-respected centrist president, Brazil made gains toward greater free­ thermal coveralls, two sweaters and a life jacket. "There was no doubt U.S. engagement and democratic growth dom. In Mexico, the presidential election was in my mind they would get me out," said Mr. Taranov." I was not afraid." Despite the difficulties facing incipient and more free than in the past, but the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) again exercised its He did not comment, however, on the events that led to the sink­ embattled democracies, they offer the best oppor­ ing of his ship. The 495-foot Salvador Allende was carrying a cargo tunity for the enlargement of human freedoms, enormous power as the state-party, the longest ruling party in the world. of rice from Texas to Helsinki when it went down after six days of its the creation of a framework for economic growth journey. and the guarantee of international stability, noted Africa: Rwanda's ethnic holocaust provided the archetypal nightmare that could occur else­ Twenty-nine people died in the sinking, including two women and the Freedom House report. Democracies do not the captain, who was Mr. Taranov's lifelong friend. war against each other; since 1819, out of 353 where, especially in Burundi. The exact number of those lost in the battles, butchery and famine Meanwhile, Mr. Skiba was transported to Sture, Norway, aboard wars fought, none has been between two estab­ the Japanese cargo vessel Torungen. The ship's South Korean cap­ lished democracies. of Sudan will never be known, but hundreds of thousands have already died. In Nigeria, the con­ tain, Lee In, told The Weekly that the Salvador Allende's first mate Thus, strengthening fragile and emerging tinent's most populous nation, the army refused had injured his leg when he was rescued. Mr. Skiba was unavailable democracies should be a focal point of American to relinquish power after the 1993 presidential for comment. foreign policy, according to Freedom House. election. The rescue effort - considered one of the largest off the East Coast The 1994 Survey of Freedom indicates that of North America - involved 11 American planes, seven aircraft the U.S. has a historic opportunity to strengthen (Continued on page 4) from Canada, a U.S. Coast Guard cutter and 38 merchant ships. Mr. Taranov remains in the hospital. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2 NEWS ANALYSIS: The state and economic reform in Ukraine by Volodymyr Zviglyanich percent; in 1994, more than 85 percent. Ukrainian police face grenades in raid Chechnya should not affect Ukrainian- Russian relations and that Kyyiv regards This is a sure sign of growing state con­ KYYIV— Alleged racketeers opened The program of economic reform pre­ the conflict in Chechnya as a Russian inter­ trol over the economy and of bureaucra­ fire on and lobbed grenades at a special sented by President Leonid Kuchma to nal affair. In recent days, the Ukrainian tization. police unit near the eastern industrial city Parliament on October 11, 1994, presup­ Red Cross and other groups have issued The servicing of the budget deficit of Luhanske, Interior Ministry officials poses a drastic reconsideration of the statements condemning Russia's policy now absorbs 85 to 95 percent of all cred­ said on December 30. A riot detachment state's role in transition from a system of towards Chechnya. (OMRI Daily Digest) it emissions, reaching almost 20 percent was dispatched to the village of Davydo- administrative control to a market econo­ of the GDP. The state collects only 50 Mykolske to capture several individuals my. The previous administration headed Ukraine to issue food stamps percent of projected tax revenues or even suspected of being employed by com­ by Leonid Kravchuk, according to Mr. less. mercial entities of questionable legality. KYYIV— Ukrainian Prime Minister Kuchma, deliberately exempted the state The widely proclaimed intention to "The operation was to keep these racke­ Vitaliy Masol informed the press on from economic transformation. introduce Ukraine's national currency — teers alive," said Interior Ministry offi­ January 2 that the government will issue The core of the Kuchma program, the hryvnia — was never implemented. cial Dmytro Forostyuk, but instead the coupons to some 5 million citizens with praised by the International Monetary The scientific, cultural and social suspects attacked the police unit and very low incomes. Recipients will be Fund and the World Bank, consists in spheres are on the verge of extinction. sparked a 10-hour standoff that ended able to purchase food and other basic making the state the centerpiece of radi­ The network of scientific institutions was with the deaths of two suspects and essentials with these coupons, which are cal economic change. It entails a re-eval­ reduced threefold and the number of sci­ injuries to four police officers. (Reuters) intended to allay the difficult situation uation of the idea of Ukrainian statehood. entists active in research or in applied faced by Ukraine's poorest in the first The patriotic model of statehood, advo­ science fell by 30 percent Budget expen­ Shmarov issues order on service abroad quarter of 1995. (Respublika) cated by Mr. Kravchuk and intellectuals ditures in these areas fell from 3 percent KYYIV — Ukrainian Defense Minister from the national-democratic camp, pre­ Crimeans polled on power structures of the GNP to 0.7 percent in 1994. As a Valeriy Shmarov has issued an order on supposed that building a state is a rela­ result of aging and depreciation of the selection of servicemen who are to SYMFEROPIL— The January 4 edi­ tively long process. Also important was Ukraine's technological infrastructure, study and work abroad. According to the tion of the regional newspaper Krimskaya the belief that people should tolerate the country faces the threat of being order, two to three candidates should be Pravda published the results of a survey of hardships for the sake of independence, unable to cope with its own industrial considered for each post; each candidate Sevastopil and Symferopil residents' per­ and should concentrate on developing and military-technical potential, and of must be fluent in Ukrainian and the ceptions of Crimean power structures. their civil rights. becoming an environmental threat to its appropriate foreign language and have When asked "Who holds the real power in The instrumental-pragmatic model of neighbors. good references. The order is meant to the Crimea?" respondents placed "the the state championed by Mr. Kuchma The level of inflation in Ukraine in facilitate the implementation of military mafia" squarely in first place, with 58 per­ emphasizes that the executive and leg­ 1993 was the highest worldwide. The cooperation agreements with a number of cent. Of those surveyed 21 percent could islative structures are firmly established, rate of unemployment in the state sector, countries with which Ukraine has regular not make up their minds; 10 percent and that one should use them to build a according to Mr. Kuchma, had reached exchanges of delegations and cooperates believe that the Crimean Supreme Council socially oriented market economy. 33 percent. The social mobility of the in the military-technical sphere. (OMRI is the strongest power structure on the Whereas, the patriotic model holds that workforce is practically absent, as work­ Daily Digest) peninsula. Only 5 percent believe that the economic benefits will eventually be ers try to keep their jobs despite low Ukrainian government is running the attained as the norms and values of civic wages or non-payment of wages. Foreign Ministry comments on Chechnya show in their region, while 2 percent per­ society develop, the pragmatic model President Kuchma deems his prede­ ceive Crimean President Yuriy Meshkov concentrates on achieving economic cessor's policy of asserting Ukraine's KYYIV— Ukraine's Foreign Minister as the most influential power. Another 1 prosperity through pragmatic measures statehood and economic independence Gennadiy Udovenko condemned the loss percent of the respondents said the securi­ that are mostly independent of social val­ through a political reorientation from of life on both sides in the Chechen conflict ty services were calling the shots in the ues or morality. East to West to have been a grave strate­ in an interview with Respublika on January Crimea. (Respublika) It is this writer's contention that both gic error. 2. However, he added that events in ideas of the state vis-a-vis economic Another strategic mistake, in Mr. reforms contain elements that are posi­ Kuchma's eyes, was the previous admin­ tive and negative, and that the positive istration's reduction of state regulation. aspects of both could be complementary According to the newly elected leader, Ukrainian National Assembly now party if applied together. This would be prefer­ this gave a legal basis for the criminal­ KYYIV — The Ukrainian National According to UNA deputy leader able to simply choosing one model over ization of the economy and the accumu­ Assembly (UNA) was officially registered Dmytro Korchynsky, the organization was the other. lation of capital in the "shadow" econo­ as a political party on December 29, 1994. recognized despite fierce opposition from my. Mr. Kuchma contends that Kuchma's evaluation of the past In a ceremony held to mark the occasion, Ukrainian security forces. Its paramilitary Ukrainian citizens have deposited $10 Minister of Justice Vasyl Onopenko said affiliate, the Ukrainian National Self- In his speech to Parliament on October billion to $20 billion in foreign bank that despite strong opposition in certain Defense Organization (UNSO), had previ­ 11, 1994, Mr. Kuchma presented the accounts, and only about $2 billion to $4 quarters to the registration of the radical ously deployed volunteers to the gloomiest picture of the Ukrainian econ­ billion in domestic accounts. nationalist UNA as a political party, the Transdniester region of Moldova (to omy ever voiced in its chambers since Other factors, such as the highest Ukrainian government's decision was not oppose ostensible Moldovan and Russian independence. income tax in the world (90 percent), the "...a political error." nationalist pressure on the local Ukrainian The president asserted that Ukraine collapse of reforms in agriculture, wage "This is a well-founded decision, inso­ minority) and to Georgia, where several has not yet achieved real independence. controls, and the inability of the National far as the organization's by-laws contain UNSO fighters were killed while taking In 1991, he said, it achieved only some Bank of Ukraine to influence commer­ not one word aimed against the govern­ part in the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict. attributes of a sovereign state, and over cial banks, also contributed to the coun­ mental structure of Ukraine, its UNSO remains in legal limbo, as the past three years it failed to back them try's economic woes. Constitution and its laws... A democratic Ukraine's laws forbid Ukrainian citizens' up with substance. Moreover, Mr. Mr. Kuchma contends that all these country based on law must accommodate participation in conflicts outside Ukraine, Kuchma contended that the crisis faced errors in policy came as a result of the divergent political views," said Mr. by the Ukrainian economy in its transi­ state bureaucracy's control over the Onopenko. (Continued on page 12) tion from an administrative to a market economy. Economic liberalization, initi­ system has no parallel in modern eco­ ated during his prime ministership, was nomic history. stalled. Mr. Kuchma said that in 1991-1993 The president's vision of the future THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY FOUNDED 1933 Ukraine's domestic output fell by 39.4 percent. By comparison, the decline in The economic model advocated by An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., U.S. output during its Great Depression Mr. Kuchma is predicated on the cre­ a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. never exceeded 25 percent annually. ation of a "socially oriented market Yearly subscription rate: $30; for UNA members — $20. During World War II, the Soviet Union's economy that will subordinate all activi­ Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. industrial output dipped by 30 percent at ty of its functional structures to the satis­ (ISSN - 0273-9348) its lowest point. In Ukraine, the fall in faction of material and spiritual needs of production in the first six months of the individual." This goal is to take pri­ Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper (annual sub­ 1994, vis-a-vis the corresponding period ority over all other efforts to create a scription fee: $55; $30 for UNA members), and Veselka, a Ukrainian-language children's in 1993, reached 36 percent. new society in Ukraine. magazine (annual subscription fee: $10; $8 for UNA members). Ukraine failed to establish a functional In fact, it bears a close resemblance to The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: and efficient financial system, and led the promises made by the founding (201)434-0237,-0807,-3036 (201)451-2200 the world in terms of its state budget fathers of the Soviet economic system, deficit. In 1992, budget expenditures and then repeated throughout the USSR's Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chief: Roma Hadzewycz used up 61.7 percent of that year's existence. Perestroika was the Gorbachev- changes to: Associate editor: Marta Kolomayets national income; in 1993, it was 73.2 Ryzhkov government's attempt to save The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant editor: Khristina Lew the Soviet Union by means of a socially P.O. Box 346 Staff writers/editors: Roman Woronowycz oriented market economy. Jersey City, N.J. 07303 AndrijKudlaWynnyckyj Volodymyr Zviglyanich, Ph.D., is Mr. Kuchma's means of attaining this adjunct professor of political science and goal are as follows: he says he will The Ukrainian Weekly, JANUARY 8,1995, No. 2, Vol. LXIII international relations at George Wash­ Copyright © 1995 The Ukrainian Weekly ington University in Washington. (Continued on page 13) No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 Ukraine's Embassy in London focuses on politics and economics by Tony Leliw

LONDON - When the Ukrainian Embassy opened its doors two and a half years ago, the Ukrainian diaspora thought that most of its activities would be directed towards it. "This was a mistake," says Sergui Komissarenko, ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Britain. Most of its time is spent dealing with the British Government, working with its officials, and British busi­ nessmen. "Working with the diaspora is very important to us, but not our priority," Mr. Komissarenko added. Even the Embassy's cultural section does not get as much attention as it would probably merit. The two areas the ambassador sees as high profile are politics and economics. In politics, the Embassy has to intro­ duce Ukraine in an atmosphere for whom "the Soviet Union was always Russia or Soviet Russia." In econom­ ics, the Embassy has to explain the potential business opportunities Ukraine can offer. Mr. Komissarenko, a former deputy prime minister of Ukraine, has toured the British Isles getting that mes­ sage across. In 1994, for example, he made several trips to Scotland to negotiate with local companies about the possibility of them forming a consortium to develop oil on the shelf of the Black Sea. The financial and banking capital of the world, London is proving a hard nut to crack, but Ambassador Komissarenko is making inroads. British companies like ICI, Allied Lyons and British Gas are already doing Sergui Komissarenko, Ukraine's ambassador to Great Britain, in his office. business in Ukraine. The British Department of Trade and Industry list, representations by such firms as: Ernst maybe not. It was a very expensive price to pay." our intellectual potential and technologies on a commer­ and Young, DHL, Shell UK, Rothmans of Pall Mall, Mr. Komissarenko said he believes that all economies cial basis? We have wonderful missiles which can be Arthur Anderson and Rank Xerox. are linked or dependent on each other. He perceives used for navigation, telecommunication purposes, but Ukraine's relationship with Russia as no different. there have already been examples where projects were When the Embassy was opened in September 1992 it "Independence means to provide independent policy - either banned, stopped or blocked because of the fear of had three staff members. Two years later, the number to build an independent economy. With the breakage of competition with the Western market," he noted. has swelled to 16. Their areas of work include: political, links with Russia, we have lost a lot because Ukraine at trade and economy, science technology and education, According to Mr. Komissarenko, Ukraine's indepen­ the moment cannot compete with the Western market." culture and information and military. There is also a dence hinges on whether it can rescue its economy. He "Russia is a huge market for Ukraine. We can sell to counselor, visa section and technical staff. The visa sec­ recalled the moving moments when he himself discov­ Russia and the former Soviet Union our television sets, ered that Ukraine had become independent. tion opened a year and a half ago, and at its last count radios and fridges. Then another issue arises. If Ukraine "I was in the Parliament as an observer watching the had issued nearly 17,000 visas. starts to compete with the West, will the West allow it proceedings when I had to leave for a reception which Mr. Komissarenko's background is an interesting to do so?" he asked. was attended by the vice-prime minister of Malta. As I one. Married to Natalia, with a 23-year-old daughter, Mr. Komissarenko believes the West is fearful of was having discussions with him I was watching the Anna, he was born in Ufa. He is the son of Prof. Ukraine's huge agricultural potential. "That fear is mis­ television and listening to the radio when suddenly they Vassiliy Komissarenko, the prominent Ukrainian scien­ placed, as Ukraine has an enormous market to the East said Ukraine had proclaimed its independence. tist and founding director of the Kyyiv Institute of and North of its borders," he says in the same breath. "I called the office of Leonid Kravchuk [the Endocrinology and Metabolism. He traces his ancestral Several products which are competitive in Ukraine are Parliament chairman], and asked if I could take the roots to the Kozaks of the Zaporozhian Sich. in the field of software, space and aerospace technology. Maltese minister to see him. He said yes, so I crossed Educated at the Ukrainian-English secondary School Mr. Komissarenko was angry that the United States had the road, entered his office and congratulated him on the No. 92 in Kyyiv, the ambassador entered the Kyyiv tried to block its negotiations with Western countries on event. The vice-prime minister, who was also Malta's Medical Institute in the early 1960s. He studied at the how to use its space technologies. foreign affairs minister, therefore, became the first for­ Department of Mechanics and Mathematics at Kyyiv "When the West wanted Ukraine to disarm and not eigner to congratulate Mr. Kravchuk with the declara­ University before doing a post-graduate course in bio­ proliferate nuclear arms, we disarmed, but can we use tion of independence." chemistry at the Institute of Biochemistry, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. In 1974-1975, Mr. Komissarenko attended courses on advanced immunology as a free vis­ itor at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In Kyyiv: the talk turns to economic reform His credentials in medicine were so impressive that he had more than 200 scientific articles published in the by Andrij Wynnyckyj torate was deeply disturbed when the first round of elections produced a Communist majority in fields of biochemistry and immunology, and until 1992 During the American Jewish Committee's was director of the Palladin Institute of Biochemistry in Parliament. Across the country, said Mr. Lanovy, "Summer Seminar" group's stay in Kyyiv, New York- even in former Communist strongholds of the heavily Kyyiv. His friends, however, convinced him to forsake based businessman Robert Goldman, a participant in his medical career and enter diplomacy. industrialized, Russian-settled, Russified (Russian- the ongoing "Project Ukraine," met separately with speaking) south and central Ukraine, voters proceed­ In addition to receiving a doctor of medicine degree Volodymyr Lanovy, former deputy prime minister of ed to elect reformers to positions of control in elec­ with distinction, he also holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry, the economy in Leonid Kravchuk's Cabinet of tions for the posts of oblast council chairman, may­ and is a full member (academician) of the Ukrainian Ministers, and the founder and director of the Center ors, and deputies of city/oblast councils. Academy of Medical Sciences. As deputy prime minis­ for Market Reforms. This reporter acted as translator Mr. Lanovy considered the election of Leonid ter of Ukraine (1990-1992) he was responsible for the and was since given permission to provide an Kuchma as president to be an encouraging sign humanitarian sector of health care, culture, education abstract of the meeting. science and social security. because of the latter's more pragmatic appreciation of The meeting of Messrs. Goldman and Lanovy was the economic concerns facing the nation, and his Moving to Britain has not particularly unsettled him. held in the offices of the Center for Market Reforms, readiness to deal with the problem of high-level cor­ "Our relationship with the Ukrainian community is a just off Independence Square in downtown Kyyiv. ruption that were draining its resources. very good one," said the 51-year-old ambassador. "We Flanked by a pair of advisers, the young bespectacled On a personal note, Mr. Lanovy said that his own treat our Ukrainian compatriots as equals - we don't Mr. Lanovy began by giving a situation report on cur­ surprisingly strong performance in the first round of the care what political organization or church they belong rent political and economic conditions in Ukraine. presidential election in May indicated an urge for to, although we feel that their sentiments towards us are The former minister asserted that the political cli­ reform among the general populace and segments a little bit different." mate in Ukraine was finally appropriate for the intro­ (admittedly in the minority) of the managerial and polit­ What Mr. Komissarenko, who says he is neither "an duction and effective implementation of economic ical elite in south, central, western and eastern Ukraine. ex-Communist nor apparatchik," means by this is that reforms. Although the parliamentary elections gave To Mr. Lanovy, this suggested the final results of attitudes towards the Embassy fluctuate according to the former Communist/"conservative" faction the the presidential and parliamentary elections reflected events as they unfold in Ukraine. "I think this is unfair. largest bloc in the legislature, it was nonetheless not a neither an east/west split in terms of nationalism/sep­ We don't represent political parties or tendencies - we controlling majority. aratism versus the wish to rejoin Russia and reconsti­ represent the country. We are official representatives of In addition, Mr. Lanovy pointed out that many oppo­ tute the Soviet Union; nor a "psychological disincli­ the country and the president." sition circles feared that the staggering of parliamentary, nation" to economic reform suggested by the Mr. Komissarenko met with President Leonid then oblast and municipal elections together with presi­ Deutsche Bank report of 1991. Kuchma in Ukraine soon after his election. He dispelled dential elections, would induce extreme voter fatigue Mr. Lanovy also explained the reasons for the fears of any great changes. "Ukraine will stay where it is and enable former Communists to take control of all lev­ inflationary upswing and subsequent decrease due to politically. I cannot say there was a huge shift by els of government and administration. This arrangement governmental fiscal control. He shed light on Ukraine under [President Leonid] Kravchuk to the West. produced the directly opposite result, he said. It was to some extent more isolation from Russia. Maybe According to the Kyyiv-based reformer, the elec­ (Continued on page 12) it was needed to show the independence of Ukraine, but THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2 Folklore archive opens at University of Alberta Real estate exec by Dr. Andriy Nahachewsky and pioneers, as well as much informa­ cles, student essays, sound recordings of tion on Ukrainian culture as it makes the interviews and music, videotapes, and builder help EDMONTON - A unique archive of transition to the contemporary world in records and actual artifacts. Ukrainian folklore was opened at the Canada, Ukraine and elsewhere. Agreements are in place that will result University of Alberta in Edmonton on Materials in the archive have been in the addition of valuable materials on the UAV program December 7, 1994. The opening took deposited by students, graduates, profes­ peasant culture of Ukrainians living in EAST WINDSOR, N. J. - Twin Rivers in place in the beautiful new home of the sional researchers and community collec­ Romania and the Sumy area of eastern East Windsor, N.J. is far from Ukraine, but archive, once the attic in the fifth floor tors. For example, the archive houses Ukraine. Discussions are under way for the distance was shortened recently in a spir­ of the Old Arts building, built in 1915 many fieldnotes, files and recordings of and renovated in 1987. other important deposits to the collection. ited effort by the Ukrainian American Dr. Robert Klymasz, one of Canada's Thanks to the skill and generosity of Veterans, assisted by real estate executive, Dr. Kyril Holden, chair of the depart­ most important Ukrainian folklorists. Olga Shklianka of Edmonton, the present George D. Clark Jr. of the David T. Houston ment of Slavic and East European stud­ Nick Evasiuk recently donated his collec­ collection of the archive is being indexed Co./Colliers International, and California ies, welcomed the guests and cut the rib­ tion of some 150 folk tales and narratives and computerized to facilitate access to owner/builder, Herbert J. Kendall. bon to officially open the archive room. gathered since the 1930s. interested parties. Immediate plans for The Ukrainian American Veterans The opening took place with the The archive documents take the form Slavics department faculty and graduate sought to assemble, then eventually ship of fieldnotes, published books and arti­ (Continued on page 16) students in attendance. Also present tons of badly needed medical supplies to were the Friends of the Huculak Chair of Ukraine. Mr. Clark, with the real estate Ukrainian Culture and Ethnography with brokerage firm's Piscataway office, its chair, Dr. Mary Lobay, recent donors learned the Ukrainian American Veterans to the Slavics department Helen had collected over $2 million worth of Tkachenko and M. Horechko, as well as hospital supplies destined for Ukraine, but guests from the Canadian Institute of had nowhere to safely store them. Mr. Ukrainian Studies. Clark reached out to his California client, The archive is supported by one of who owns an attractive, well-appointed three important Ukrainian Folklore 32,000-square-foot light industrial build­ Endowments in the Slavics department. ing on 3.65 acres at 59 Lake Drive in Another endowment, based on a gener­ ous donation by Erast and Lydia (Continued on page 16) Huculak, supports the Huculak Chair of Ukrainian Culture and Ethnography. The third, named after donors Wasyl and Anna Kuryliw, provides essential schol­ | ACTION ITEM | arships for graduate students in Ukrainian folklore. Several corporations that sponsored the The Folklore Archives contains October 23, 1994, "60 Minutes" segment, unique and irreplaceable documents on "The Ugly Face of Freedom," have the culture of Ukrainians and Ukrainian responded favorably to the Ukrainian Canadians, including ancient customs, The new Ukrainian Folklore Archive at the University of Alberta is officially American community's protest regarding traditions, beliefs, songs, tales, objects opened as Dr. Kyril Holden, chair of the department of Slavic and East European the segment. It appears that one letter to a and performances of Ukrainian peasants studies, cuts the ribbon with assistance from Dr. Bohdan Medwidsky. sponsor has a far greater effect than 1,000 letters to CBS. Following are the addresses of some of well as an overt campaign to annihilate rights are abridged, stood at 40 percent. the sponsoring corporations and the text of a sample letter: Annual survey... the Shiites in the south and a covert one The number of free countries increased (Continued from page 1) against the Kurds in the north. by four to 76, and they still outnumber Richard S. Bodman The West: The United States, Canada as the partly free (61 countries) or not free Despite intervention by the United Senior Vice-President well as the nations of Western Europe, did (54 nations). States and United Nations, Somalia contin­ AT&T Corp. not change categories. An anti-corruption 32 Avenue of the Americas ues its abysmal human rights record and Most repressive campaign has improved Italy's governmen­ faces the possibility of partition. South New York, NY 10013-2412 tal accountability. Ceasefires in Northern These 21 countries received the worst Africa changed from partly free to free, Theodore R. Cunningham Ireland helped strengthen civic order. rating for political rights and civil liberties. having made a remarkable transition to Executive Vice-President, Marketing/Sales Their regimes are characterized by the multi-racial tolerance. Algeria's accelerat­ Partly free, not free states Chrysler Corp. total or near complete absence of civil lib­ ing decline reflects at least 20,000 people 12000 Chrysler Dr. "Despite a clear majority of formal erties and political rights: Afghanistan, killed in the battle between Islamic funda­ Highland Park, MI 48288-0001 mentalists and the military-dominated gov­ democratic countries," Mr. Karatnycky Algeria, Angola, Bhutan, Burma, China, ernment. noted, "the vast majority of the globe's Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Iraq, Libya, Donald Ross Asia: In India, tensions grow within population, nearly 80 percent, lives in North Korea, Mauritania, Rwanda, Saudi Chief Operations Officer the Hindu community as lower caste partly free or not free states." The fact is Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Senior Vice-President, Marketing & Sales members' push for equal opportunity and that many partly free and not free Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. Enterprise Rent-A-Car Co. Inc. Hindu-Muslim violence continues. The nations, like India and China respective­ They are among the 54 not free nations. 8850 Ladue Road. atrocities committed by India's troops in ly, have large populations. Rwanda and Algeria joined this infamous St. Louis, MO 63124-2065 Kashmir remain an under-reported In 1994, the number of people living group because of an upsurge in violence. in not free societies — those denied most Mauritania received the rating for a crack­ Bruce B. MacDonald human rights debacle. The death in July Vice-President political rights and civil liberties — stood down on the opposition. of Kim Il-sung, North Korea's longtime Corporate Communications at 40 percent. The number residing in "The worst of the worst this year are Stalinist leader, failed to improve human General Motors Corp. free countries increased by some 70 mil­ Iraq, Sudan and North Korea," said rights in one of the three most repressive 3044 W.Grand Blvd. lion people to 20 percent. Those living Freedom House senior scholar Joseph regimes in the world. Detroit, MI 48202 Free elections in Cambodia were a in partly free societies, where some basic Ryan. major success, but this year the country's Ms. Abby F. Kohnstamm coalition government took few steps to Vice-President of Marketing consolidate democracy or introduce the Freedom in the World by Number of Countries IBM Corp. rule of law. China remains one of the 1984 -1993 -1994 Old Orchard Road most repressive regimes in the world, but Armonk,NY 10504 market reforms loosened the Communist Text of sample letter: Party's control over economic life. Japan On October 23, 1994, "60 Minutes" passed a new election law that promises aired a segment, "The Ugly Face of to further increase political competition. Freedom," in which Ukrainian history Middle East: The September 1993 and Ukrainian-Jewish relations were agreement between Israel and the twisted, distorted and misrepresented. Palestine Liberation Organization has As a viewer of this program, I wish to enhanced prospects for an improvement express my displeasure of your spon­ in human rights even as violence contin­ sorship of a program that deliberately ues. Jordan's liberal monarchy helped disseminates such inflammatory materi­ produce a multiparty parliament and a al. I expect you to address this issue degree of protection from state abuse. and press CBS to apologize to the Egypt's Armed Islamic Group funda­ viewing public for such an affront — or mentalists have engaged in violence 1984 I will refrain from patronizing your against government officials, journalists, business. tourists and other "secular" targets. Saddam Hussein continues state-spon­ — Submitted by the UNA-Ukrainian sored terror against the Iraqi people as Freedom House Heritage Defense Committee No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FORUM

bids farewell to Una Danczuk The UNA and you

by Steptiaii Welhasch With a prediction of double-digk interest rates by midyear, Michelle Y. Graves, the managing director of underwriting and technical assistance for Camelot Mortgage Corp. of Cincinnati, said the mortgage industry is in ''deep, deep, deep, bad, bad shape.5' "It's going to get worse", she told the recently held New jersey Lending Conference in Atlantic City. The economy is "overheating." This is the ratio­ nale we hear from those who expect, and favor, further Federal Reserve Board action to increase interest rates and avoid inflation. Over the last 12 months, interest rates have risen by more than two percent. Many homeowners who were hesitant have now finally decided to refinance their old mortgage loans, trying to evade even higher rates to come. The loan process usually lasts about two months (sometimes more). If you are now paying two percent or more above the current interest rate, and you're not planning to move in the near future, then now is definitely the time Andre J. Worobec to consider refinancing your existing mortgage. The Ukrainian National Association's Home Office on November 29,1994, bid farewell to Looking for the best interest rate possible can be a bewildering process in Pauline Danczuk, secretary in the Recording Department, who retired after 21 years of today's market, but it doesn't have to be. When you call your Ukrainian service. In a tearful good-bye to her co-workers at the UNA, Mrs. Danczuk thanked all for National Association representatives, you'll be pleased to know that they take their cooperation and friendship through the years. She also expressed thanks to the edi­ the time to help you decide on just what type of refinancing would best suit torial staffs of Svoboda, The Ukrainian Weekly and Veselka, as well as to the Svoboda your needs. Press administration and print shop. In her thank-you, Mrs. Danczuk singled out her boss If you are ready to take the step of refinancing your existing home mort­ for 20 years, Supreme Secretary Walter Sochan, her new boss, Secretary Martha Lysko, gage loan, or are considering a first mortgage loan, then you should know that as v/ell as President Ulana Diachuk and Treasurer Alexander Blahitka. She noted: "I am the UNA offers its members low-cost financing for owner-occupied one- two- and three-family homes throughout the United States and Canada. The UNA proud that I served the UNA for 21 years, for the UNA is a part of Ukraine, an institution also has a jumbo mortgage loan program that is available to Ukrainian with a Ukrainian heart." Above, Mrs. Danczuk (second from right) is seen during her retirement luncheon with Secretary Lysko, President Diachuk and former Supreme (Continued on page 11) Secretary Sochan, who now is an honorary member of the UNA General Assembly.

ТУіЕмшпі^ГЇІїЗп'е'ге

Peter and Sarah, children of Vicky and Peter H. Struk, are new members of Zoya Christine and Maya Olya, daughters of Andrew and Ruta Ripecky, are UNA Branch 414 in New Haven, Conn. They were insured by grandparents new members of UNA Branch 434 in Montreal. They were enrolled by her Melania and Petro Struk. grandparents Jaroslawa and Jaroslaw Panczuk.

Miranda Anastasia Diakiw is a new member of UNA Branch 29 in Nanticoke, Pa. She is the daughter of Teresa Lech and George Diakiw, and granddaughter of Irene and Roman Diakiw of Mountain Top, Pa. Miranda Twins Victor Andrew and Alexandra Anastasia, children of was enrolled by her father. Her grand­ Irene and Ihor Abram, are new members of UNA Branch 237 Teresa and Andrew, children of Anna and Walter father Roman Diakiw was a former in Chester, Pa. They were enrolled by their grandmother Eva Omelczuk, are new members of UNA Branch 42 in Passaic, secretary and delegate to several UNA Сорока Uzych of Wallingford, Pa. N.J. They were enrolled by their parents. conventions. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2 NEWS AND VIEWS: The Liberals' THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Christmas gift to Ukrainian Canadians Freedom's gains by Lubomyr Luciuk lion) and in the Ukrainian Canadian case through the confiscation of wealth from During this end-of-year/beginning-of-new-year season, there is a prolifera­ Ho, ho, ho. Nicely timed for Christmas, unjustly interned "enemy aliens" and the tion of reviews of events of the past year, top-10 lists, etc. (We at The Weekly the Liberal government declared that the wholesale exploitation of prisoner labor. ourselves are "guilty" of that sort of thing, what with our annual year-end Chinese, German, Italian, Jewish, Sikh and Although a Winnipeg-based group has issue.) Ukrainian Canadian communities' claims demanded several hundred million dollars Among the most notable of such reviews is the report on the state of free­ for redress had been dealt with. Rising in in compensation, its claims do not find dom around the globe that has been released annually since 1955 by Freedom the House of Commons, Secretary of State much sympathy within the Ukrainian House. Now known as the Survey of Freedom in the World, the report evalu­ for Multiculturalism Sheila Finestone Canadian community. Widespread support ates political rights and civil liberties in 191 countries. churlishly claimed these groups had col­ does exist for the recommendations sub­ The good news is that in 1994, Freedom House registered 114 democracies lectively demanded "hundreds of millions" mitted to all MPs and senators by the — the largest number in history and more than double the total recorded some of dollars in compensation for past injus­ Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties 20 years earlier. tices. Shedding crocodile tears about how Association (UCCLA) on November 11, In his article in the January-February issue of Freedom Review, Adrian Ottawa has "limited resources," she 1994. In its Ukrainian Canadian Restitution Karatnycky, the president of Freedom House, notes: "In 1993 Freedom House declared no one would get anything. Proposal, this association requested that reported a major trend: freedom in retreat. While that alarming trend has not Not waiting for any debate over her fiat, Ottawa fund several educational programs been reversed in this year's survey, the modest increase in the number of free the Liberal MPs rushed off to party away and place historical plaques at the concen­ societies in 1994 indicates that the dramatic erosion in the political rights and the holidays. See you next February! Oh tration camp sites, using the monies taken civil liberties of last year has subsided." A major increase in freedom was and, before we forget, "Seasons Greetings" from the internees. Those funds, a few mil­ noted in eight countries. to all you merry Chinese, German, Italian, lion dollars, remain in the federal coffers. The organization noted the "growing acceptance in most countries of the Jewish, Sikh and Ukrainian Canadians. No financial compensation to any group in principle of seeking the consent of the governed." In Ukraine, for example, Of course, Ms. Finestone's Scrooge­ the community is requested. And there is Freedom House pointed to "a series of parliamentary, presidential and local like cynicism won't do. By ignoring the no cost to today's taxpayers. elections marked by high voter turnout." It thus included Ukraine among the legal and moral precedent set by the What the association really wants is to seven new democracies that emerged in 1994. Japanese Canadian Redress Settlement, by Ukraine, it should be noted was rated 3 for political rights and 4 for civil lib­ ensure that what happened to Ukrainian deliberating lumping the six communities Canadians during the first world war is erties (on a scale of 7, with 1 denoting the most freedom). Its combined rating together (despite their repeated requests of 3.5 put it squarely among the ranks of the partly free countries of the world. not forgotten, hopefully so that no other that Ottawa not do so) and by talking Canadian ethnic, religious or racial group As Freedom House noted: Ukraine, Albania and Romania, "are undergoing a about the "hundreds of millions" these wrenching transition from Communist rule. Though these new democracies ever suffers as Ukrainian Canadians once groups allegedly want, the minister pan­ did. Remember, however, that in both have made significant progress toward the expansion of freedom, they still risk dered to prejudice, ignorance and fear. regressing. They still lack a full range of stable institutions of civil life, have cases, these monies represent wealth ille­ The subtext of her speech was that these gitimately harvested by the federal gov­ economically vulnerable news media, and do not yet have sufficiently well ethnics want too much, that all of this is in developed systems of rule of law based on an independent judiciary." ernment through coercion and some very our past, so why not just forgive and for­ heavy-handed, indeed racist, measures. The good news of 1994 was tempered by Freedom House's most appropri­ get. Not a harmonious chord for a minister In simple terms, Ottawa should return ate observation that many democracies "are at risk from internal divisiveness, of multiculturalism to sing, but Ms. monies stolen from its victims. rampant corruption, overarching influence by militaries and oligarchies, or Finestone is a politician. There are several million Canadians of destabilization from abroad." And yet, despite these difficulties, these fledgling But what, actually, do these groups democracies "offer the best opportunity for the enlargement of human free­ Chinese, German, Italian, Jewish, Sikh and want? How reasonable are their claims? Ukrainian heritage. Most are taxpayers. doms, the creation of a framework for economic growth and the guarantee of What will it all cost? Let me share my international stability." They expect their concerns to be given the personal thoughts. same intelligent attention that should be That, of course, is why Freedom House argues most credibly that "strengthen­ The Italian Canadians asked for, and ing fragile and emerging democracies should be a focal point of American foreign accorded to those of any and all other received, an apology from Prime Minister Canadians. That hasn't happened. In the policy." The human-rights organization goes on to offer some most valuable food Brian Mulroney. Afterwards, some of for thought for the Clinton administration and the Congress as we begin 1995. Ukrainian Canadian case, for example, the them requested compensation. Since they minister has inexplicably refused to meet It suggests that U.S. foreign assistance be focused on promoting democratic got what their group originally asked for, transitions and buttressing newborn democracies (via expanded funding for even once with the last-known survivors of I'd rule this a "case closed." No cosl Canada's first national internment opera­ such entities as the National Endowment for Democracy), promoting the flow The Jewish and Sikh cases protest what of democratic literature and ideas, strengthening the broadcasting of the Voice tions, two Canadian-born women who were, undeniably, racist immigration poli­ were incarcerated in the Spirit Lake camp of America, Radio Marti, Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe, and moving cies, which kept some would-be immigrants quickly to resolve the security vacuum in Eastern and Central Europe in order in Quebec and who are the honorary co- out of Canada, forcing their return to other chairs of the UCCLA's National Redress to. stabilize the region's new democracies. As regards the latter point, Mr. countries where some perished. The Jewish Karatnycky argues in his article that it is of particular importance that the Council. Why does a minister responsible tragedy is well remembered. But Canada for multiculturalism and women's affairs expansion of NATO in East/Central Europe be pursued in a manner that does has kept many other immigrants out, some not destabilize other neighboring states, particularly Ukraine. not want to meet with women who suf­ likewise fated to return to murderous fered in a Canadian concentration camp? "The U.S. and other prosperous industrial democracies have a historic places. If Ottawa were to set a precedent by Like her predecessor, the Conservative opportunity to strengthen and solidify fragile democratic transitions by rigor­ paying redress because of biased immigra­ Minister Gerry Weiner, Ms. Finestone has ously redirecting economic assistance to countries that are playing by the tion policies in our past or present, many demonstrated a skill at avoiding any face- democratic rules of the game," notes Mr. Karatnycky. Indeed. And the incom­ communities could legitimately forward to-face meeting with the victims. ing Congress which has already said it will take a long hard look at foreign aid, similar claims. Those would have to be would do well to act on Freedom House's recommendations. If Ottawa is truly too impoverished to addressed. It would end up costing billions pay redress for past injustices then how is it of dollars. So, here, I'd say "no case," that we can still afford to pay billions of although a plaque commemorating the sad, dollars, every year, apparently in perpetuity, relatively unknown, experience of the Sikhs to aboriginal Canadians? Even the auditor probably should be erected in British general has confirmed how, despite this Columbia. Cost? A few thousand dollars. largesse, many of them are mired in hope­ Turning the pages back. German Canadians have been, not sur­ less poverty. Will our redress to them go on prisingly, reticent about taking a forceful forever? Perhaps the Reform Party of public position on redress. Although some Canada, so quick off the mark to applaud innocent German Canadians were mis­ Apolon Skalkovsky was born on January 13, 1808, in Ms. Finestone's miserly missive (multicul­ treated during both world wars, this case turalism being an easy target these days), Zhytomyr. After graduating from the universities of Vilnius requires more study. I think an argument will have the political courage to tackle that and Moscow, he immersed himself in the history and econom­ can probably be made in favor, so let's knotty question, thereby demonstrating a ics of 18th and 19th century southern Ukraine. leave this as an open case. No immediate genuine commitment to the reform of our In the 1830s, Skalkovsky found the 18th century archives of the Zaporozhian Sich, cost political system. Instead these Reformers preserved them and published a number of studies based on this primary source. In That leaves just the Chinese and seem to play more to the back ends and red 1839, he was among the founders of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities. Ukrainian Canadian claims. What both necks of our country than to its brains. This was an academic association dedicated to the collection, description and protec­ communities have requested is a restitu­ As for Minister Finestone, well, she's tion of archaeological monuments and historical documents of southern Ukraine, tion of the monies extorted by Ottawa, in been naughty, not nice. So, dear Prime including its Kozaks, the ancient Hellenic colonies and medieval Genoese fortresses the Chinese Canadian case by means of a Minister Chretien, please play Santa Claus of the Black Sea coast. (It was abolished by the Soviet regime in 1922.) racist head tax (totaling about $23 mil- this year. Under my Christmas tree leave a Skalkovsky was accepted as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of gift that I am sure millions of Canadians of Sciences in 1856. He was an active member of the Society of Agriculture of Southern Dr. Lubomyr Luciuk is director of Chinese, German, Italian, Jewish, Sikh and Russia (formed in 1822), one of the first such organizations in the Russian empire, research for the Ukrainian Canadian Ukrainian heritage can really use: a new dedicated to improve farming and animal husbandry in Ukraine. During the prepara­ Civil Liberties Association and editor of minister of multiculturalism. And don't tions for the abolition of serfdom in 1861, he defended the interests of the peasantry. "Righting an Injustice: The Debate over worry about the late date of this letter to Skalkovsky died in Odessa in January 1899. Redress for Canada's First National Santa. Ms. Finestone can probably tell you Sources: "Odessa Society of History and Antiquities/' "Skalkovsky, Apolon/' Internment Operations" (Toronto: that Canadians of Ukrainian heritage won't Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vols. 3,4 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993). Justinian Press, 1994). be celebrating Christmas until Jannarv 7 No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 1995 marks 150th anniversary BOOK REVIEW: Pysanka power Elyjiw, Zenon. Dvadtsiat Kip Pysanok; Velykyi Albom Ukrainskykh pysanok. Sixty of the birth of physicist Ivan Puluj score of Easter eggs; A Comprehensible [sic] album of Ukrainian Easter Eggs. Published by the author,. Rochester, N.Y.: 1994. 31 p., 75 col plates. by Oleksa Bilaniuk of electrical engineering. Puluj's papers on cathode rays, pub­ by Orysia Tracz in white and deep yellow individual pysanka February 2 will mark the 150th anniver­ motifs. Great care went into the design of lished in 1880 through 1882, were of such "I have died and gone to heaven!" sary of the birth of a prominent Ukrainian fundamental nature that they were translat­ this acid-free paper book, bound in pysanka physicist and electrotechnical pioneer, This thought crossed my mind as I leafed red and embossed in gold. ed into English and republished by the through the gorgeous new book in my Ivan Puluj. This anniversary will be cele­ Physical Society in London in 1889. The 12 photographs on each plate are brated in Ukraine on February 2-3, at the hands. Perhaps a non-pysanka-enthusiast arranged by themes of symbolic orna­ In 1882, he invented a new type of cath­ (i.e., a non-fanatic) would not understand highest level, including the issuance of a ode-ray tube which became widely known ments, beginning with the most ancient. new Ukrainian postage stamp with Puluj's the excitement created by the arrival of a To someone looking for more designs, as the "Puluj Lamp." Because it had an new pysanka book. But to those of us likeness. The festivities will take place "anti-cathode," his lamp was in fact was a there are close to 1,200 (less than that, under the patronage of the governing who (to put it kindly) are interested in because some pysanky are shown from prototype of the X-ray tube. While there is pysanky, or (to put it truthfully) are prac­ Ukrainian scientific organs, including the some indirect evidence that Puluj actually two or more views) — ahhh, so many National Academy of Sciences and the tically possessed (or is that obsessed?) by eggs, so little time! observed some "mysterious radiation" them — a new book on pysanky is an Ministry of Education. emanating from his "lamp," he published As readers study each page, they can see The Puluj anniversary will be further especially thrilling event. Not always, the complicated yet simple variations on an his findings only after Roentgen (discover­ though, are our expectations satisfied. marked by an international scientific con­ er of the X-ray) did. Ironically, it was ornamental theme, such as the "sikach" or ference titled "Physics in Ukraine," to be Puluj himself who made it impossible for Often the books are inadequate, either S-spiral motif, the "bezkonechnyk" or held in Puluj's homeland (western us to claim that he, and not Roentgen, was because the author has no in-depth meander, or the numerous triangular divi­ Ukraine) in May. This congress is being the first to discover X-rays: in his publica­ knowledge of the subject, or attributes to sions of the surface of the egg. sponsored by a constellation of the leading tion, Puluj called this radiation "Roentgen pysanky his or her own creative, often I am constantly in awe of these ancient Ukrainian scientific agencies and organiza­ Strahlen" (Roentgen Rays). misguided interpretations and beliefs. In pysanka writers who "designed" these the past, some books showed so much tions, specifically: the Division of Physics The X-ray photographs taken by Puluj geometrically and philosophically refined promise, and yet because of poor produc­ and Astronomy of the National Academy by means of his tube in January 1896, ornaments, without benefit of schooling of Sciences of Ukraine, the Ministry of tion and/or far-out interpretation were or mathematical instruments. To them, immediately after Roentgen's December disappointing. Education of Ukraine; the International 1895 X-ray paper invention, were much the ornaments on the eggshell had special Center of Physics, the Shevchenko better than those of Roentgen, and it was But not this one. This one really is talismanic, magical purposes — they Scientific Society; the Editorial Bureau of Puluj's pictures that were widely used by exceptional. Zenon Elyjiw's book is not were not meant just to be pretty. the Ukrainian Encyclopedia of Physics; the the European press to illustrate the extra­ for a beginner. There are no illustrated It is also interesting to study the some­ Ukrainian Physical Society; and the ordinary penetrating power of the new instructions on how to write a pysanka. times slight, sometimes obvious differ­ Ukrainian International Committee for rays and their applications in medicine. With so many how-to books out there, this ences between a pysanka from Ukraine, Science and Culture. Though he missing out on being rec­ was unnecessary. Here the reader has only and one from the diaspora. "By grouping There will be two parts to the con­ ognized as the discover of X-rays, Puluj five pages of English introductory text, together eggs of one motif, one can appre­ gress. It will open in Lviv on May 22, has so many other published and fully eight in Ukrainian, and another nine pages ciate the wealth of fantasy and resource­ and it will conclude on May 26, in acknowledged accomplishments in the of an "Index of Names" and "Index of fulness of folk artists in solving aesthetic Ternopil. Parallel sessions will run in fields of cathode rays, molecular physics, Localities of Origin" in Ukrainian. and compositional problems," it is noted. Lviv and Ternopil on May 23-25. gas diffusion, and in explaining the The rest of the book is 75 glorious The in-depth, well-thought-out intro­ The scope of the conference will nature and properties of X-rays, that his color plates of 12 pysanky each, arranged duction discusses the development of include, but will be not limited to, prob­ name has a secure place in the history of according to ornamental motifs and pysanka-writing. Mr. Elyjiw addresses lems of condensed matter physics. Part physics. A number of pioneering regions. A short explanatory text faces the problem of tradition, and what hap­ one in Lviv will have sessions on: molecu­ achievements in electrical engineering each plate. pens when pysanka writing becomes just lar physics; plasma physics; X-ray studies; have earned him an equally prominent This book is special for many reasons. If a craft, a hobby, without benefit of tradi­ solid state physics; applications of physical place in that discipline. one were to judge by just its appearance, it is tional roots. Once there is a break with methods in natural sciences, medicine and Puluj was honored by a number of an elegant, refined, well-thought-out vol­ tradition, it is just a batik technique. engineering; electrical engineering; the ume. The dust jacket is especially striking, We learn about the Plast pysanka stamps history of physics: and Puluj's contribution (Continued on page 11) with black and red diagonal stripes adorned of 1958 and how Erast Biniashevsky man­ to science and engineering. aged to publish a book in Ukraine 10 years Topics of part two in Ternopil will be: later with most of those designs. Mr. radiophysics; diffusive processes; Puluj's Elyjiw also covers the problems of pysanka public activity, his contribution to the Help the Eastern diaspora: preservation and storage. cause of the Ukrainian renaissance and With such a marvelous work, there is so its relevance to current problems of state- litde to criticize. But for the next edition — building in Ukraine. support subscriptions to Suchasnist and I am sure this book will be in print for This congress should be of interest not Below is the text of a letter sent by Ivan Dzyuba, editor-in-chief of Suchasnist, a long time — I do have a few suggestions. only to scientists but also to the general the Kyyiv-based journal on political affairs and culture, addressed to the A map of Ukraine indicating the various public, particularly because of the wide Ukrainian diaspora in the West in an appeal to facilitate the availability of the regions would be useful. The two texts, range of topics, including those that per­ journal to Ukrainian organizations in the new independent states once part of Ukrainian and English, are not exacdy the tain to the humanities. (By way of further the USSR. Suchasnist is the sole Ukrainian-language journal that, given the gen­ same, but should be, providing as much encouragement for wide participation in eral crisis in publishing in Ukraine, still manages to come out regularly. information as possible in both languages. the congress by diaspora professionals, Esteemed Ladies and Gentlemen: The acknowledgments, the Index of Names one must mention that conference regis­ and the Index of Localities of Origin are tration fees, as well as all travel, lodging The editorial board of Suchasnist, in order to ensure that its journal reaches only in Ukrainian. The author states that and meal expenses may be legally Ukrainians who live in the former republics of the USSR, would like to ask for most of the great number of pysanka names claimed, along with other permissible your help in covering the cost of subscriptions to the journal. "are specific to the Ukrainian language and professional deductions, in the 1995 U.S. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, hundreds of Ukrainian civic associa­ are difficult to translate... A literal transla­ income tax return, as long as the confer­ tions were founded by our countrymen in the Eastern diaspora. These diverse tion would be complicated by the fact that ence helps to "maintain and improve" unions, societies and clubs are handicapped by a serious dirth of information many pysanka names do not exist even in one's professionalism.) due to a lack of Ukrainian journals, newspapers and books. Ukrainian dictionaries, and a descriptive Further information, registration materi­ Lack of funds as well as complex new financial transactions among the newly translation may sound awkward." als and an official invitation to the congress independent republics, hamper their ability to subscribe to Ukrainian publica­ To a serious student of pysanky, awk­ (to submit with the visa application) may be tions in general, and our journal, in particular. (Our editorial office receives wardness would not matter. The descrip­ obtained by contacting: Dr. Oleh Derzhko, many such letters in this regard.) tive translation would enhance the under­ Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, vul. Unfortunately, Suchasnist's present financial predicament, which is directly standing of the ornament and design, Svientsitskoho 1, Lviv 290011, Ukraine; related to the general publishing crisis in Ukraine, i.e., frequent increases in the wherein the symbolism lies. The compi­ telephone (from the U.S.), 011-7-0322-761- cost of paper along with printing and distribution costs, makes it impossible for us lation of these 1,200 designs was a mon­ 054; fax, 011-7-0322-761-978; e-mail: to send complimentary subscriptions to Ukrainians in the Eastern diaspora. umental feat. icmp @ sigma.icmp.lviv.ua. It would be most beneficial for the Ukrainian cause, if there would be those From the sidelines, it is easy to wish Ivan Puluj's life path took him from a among you who would be willing to donate subscriptions to our journal. for more. While I understand that the shepherd to a world-renowned professor. Subscriptions may be taken out for any of the many Ukrainian organizations pysanky collected in the diaspora often He was born on February 2, 1845 in that Suchasnist has identified in the Eastern diaspora. The annual subscription have no clear provenance, it still would Hrymajliv near Skalat in the Ternopil rate is $85 (U.S.). The names of donors will appear in Suchasnist. have been good to know at least from region and died in Prague on January 31, Subscriptions may be funded by contacting the journal's U.S. representative: whose collection or hand a particular 1918. Irena Bilewicz, 29 Clinton Terrace, Irvington, NJ 07011. pysanka came. He earned a doctorate of natural philoso­ The editorial board of Suchasnist would like to thank you in advance for your And even though sources are men­ phy at the Strasbourg University in 1877. expression of solidarity with our countrymen in the Eastern diaspora. Your sup­ tioned throughout the introductions, a From 1877 until 1883 he worked as privat- port will most certainly help them maintain ties with their homeland and their separate bibliography would have been docent at the Vienna University and from national identity. an asset; and additional proofreading 1884 until 1916 as professor at the German Respectfully yours, would have caught a few typos. Higher Technical School in Prague, where Ivan Dzyuba Mr. Elyjiw has been interested in in 1889-1890 he was rector. Concurrently, editor-in-chief he served as government expert in the field (Continued on page 11) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2

The view from Kirovohrad: signs of hope Professionals sdek by Bob Tobia plague this country of 53 million people. Teachers and Special to The Ukrainian Weekly students labor under spartan conditions at best:.cold rooms, backed-up toilets, little water, and worst of all, r&sultsfromfachma KIROVOHRAD, Ukraine - Oleg is a young fouruV few educational resources. Except for textbooks, quite by Bob Tobia year student at the Teacher Training Institute in outdated and written and published in Russia, there are Special to The Ukrainian Weekly Kirovograd. minimal resources. A basement library is dimly lit (as is Full of the youthful cockiness one might expect from the entire school), hardly conducive to study, let alone KIROVOHRAD, Ukraine - Ukraine's new someone his age, he is unafraid to "open up" to a stranger. frequent visits; the media lab boasts a few out-of-date president, Leonid Kuchma, in his first speech to set "I can say what I like now," he says, referring to the computers; there is no copy machine available on a reg­ some worthy goals to help bring the country out of difference in freedom of speech brought about by the ular basis for teachers. its economic tailspin. But, despite his vision for the break-up of the Soviet system three years ago. He also Named after the writer and statesman Volodymyr future, announced in an October 4, 1994, speech in declares he is satisfied with the education he is receiving Vynnychenko, the Teacher Training Institute was Kyyiv, many professionals would prefer to see at the institute, which, given the stark conditions that exist founded in 1930. At present, it trains teachers in 14 sub­ results before signing onto the program wholesale. in the school, could be exaggerating the situation a bit. jects in its eight faculties (colleges). Approximately Professional businesspeople and educators "In 50 years, we will be like the U.S.," Oleg states 5,000 full-time undergraduate students are enrolled with encountered in a recent visit to Ukraine sounded categorically, "but we must first change our way of the overwhelming majority being young women. The guardedly hopeful that things might change, but thinking." He doesn't elaborate, but given the resistance administration is headed by the rector, Prof. Oleg unconvinced the situation will alter dramatically - no to change by so many of his elders, it isn't hard to figure Yevhenovych Polyarush, assisted by three assistants matter who heads the government. out what he means by "thinking." Oleg's father is prin­ (pro-rectors). One of the eight faculties is that of foreign "If we can keep the peace, all our other problems cipal of an elementary school in Kirovohrad, earning languages where a visitor finds 42 teachers, 12 of whom can be solved," said the dean of the English faculty at $15 a month. His mother is a teacher as well. Her salary have scientific (advanced) degrees in their field. These the Kirovohrad State Vynnychenko Teacher Training of $9 a month puts the family well above the average instructors teach upwards of 400 students in two depart­ Institute. The views of the dean of the foreign lan­ family wage earned here. ments: English language and English philology, and guage faculty, Valentyna Yuliivna Parashchuk, were Oleg's enthusiasm for the future was echoed by many Germanic languages. Students attend for five years among the more hopeful ones gathered in fleeting of the other students in the school. In discussions in a (forms) in groups of approximately 10 to 12, each group half dozen classes, most students seemed quite fascinat­ interviews with a handful of Ukrainian professional comprising the same students throughout the five years. ed by America; most would like to visit but not reside people during a recent three-week visit to the Ukraine. The institute's pro-rector, Dr. Vladimir Vassilenko, the there. Most display a rather passive attitude toward Her views, along with those of other teachers, a only one of the top four administrators who speaks changing things in their own country, however. One businessman, scientists, a prison official and a univer­ English, openly seeks to discuss education. He gives a doesn't encounter the rebellious arrogance that often sity professor run the gamut from outwardly pes­ visitor an autographed copy of his dissertation, written seems the special property of American college stu­ simistic to guardedly hopeful over the future course about the educational reforms of Ghandi. But Dr. dents. Instead, there is the polite, even gracious accep­ of the country. Vassilenko's agenda becomes clear, and like Oleg, he too tance of a foreigner. Two classes in particular went out There seems little confidence in the regime of calls for a change in thinking. Dr. Vassilenko serves as a of their way to provide tea, coffee, cookies and ice President Kuchma. One biogeneticist who introduced cream cake for a visitor. The students asked fairly mild consultant to two private colleges in this city of 280,000, himself said it would take a generation and a half questions. They appeared to accept without open com­ one of which is headed by his wife. He succeeds in mak­ before conditions improved noticeably. He had little plaint most of the deprivations that characterize the ing a strong case for private education in Ukraine - even good to say of the government, preferring instead to School. voices fear that come next May, the Ministry of lament the criminal element and corrupt government Education may close down all such private schools in the officials as being a cause for grave concern. Over and over, a visitor is asked "What do you think country if they fail to meet government criteria. The fear that too many old-line Communists still of our country?" as though students are hoping to see if "The ministry wants the private schools to be regis­ dot the halls of government in Kyyiv was echoed they have made a favorable impression. Another ques­ tered according to a new law," he explains, "but we must again and again. And while the official party label tion that crops up often is: "How much money do you change our thinking about education and reform it." make as a teacher in America?" When the answer comes has been removed, much of the thinking remains Given the fact he speaks from both the public and private ("about $30,000"), there is scarcely an acknowledg­ Communist, especially among some older officials. side of education, Dr. Vassilenko's views may be suspect. ment, as though the figure were too high to be compre­ Corruption, traditional Communist thinking, and From his small, first-floor office consisting of a desk, hended in a country where the inflation rate runs on the closer ties with Russia are real fears in the minds of three chairs and a bookcase, he does not sound very con­ order of 20 percent per month. most of the professionals one meets. vinced that the present government in Kyyiv will change The most hopeful note came from Dr. Leonid When the visitor compliments most students on their things, in education or in any other area of life. Still, he Melnik, professor of economics at Sumy State diligence and study habits (for example, students study remains hopeful and speaks out against dollar diplomacy. University. As an economist, Dr. Melnik professes, an average of three to four hours a night including His "new way of thinking" would be to allow much more "I do not understand Kuchma. He doesn't seem to weekends), they nod appreciatively as though that is the privatization of education in the country. understand the market system." their accepted fate; they have no other choice. Their "We don't need just money alone in education," he spoken English is better than what this observer has Still, Dr. Melnik contends there is no going back to suggests. "Instead we need to establish liaisons with seen in many American college classrooms. But their the way it was before the 1991 break-up of the former American institutions so that our faculty and students resignation to the future, no matter what it brings, Soviet empire. He suggests instead that what may well can go to America and their counterparts can come here always catches one by surprise and seems to distinguish develop is a common market of former Soviet for a semester or more." In that, Dr. Vassilenko echoes these students from their American counterparts. republics, even given the cultural and linguistic differ­ words heard from at least three other teachers as well as ences that exist throughout the former Soviet empire. Students in Ukraine don't yet appear to grasp the fact Dean Valentyna Yuliivna Parashchuk. He sees this union coming about in five to 10 years, that they are the future of the country; they can change it The school has only recently been exposed to its first "though it will not be a political union," he adds. In an if they choose. Suggestions that they must be the ones to American, a Peace Corps volunteer who teaches in the innovative twist, he suggests it may well be a union make the changes, to try new ways of running the gov­ foreign language department. (Two other Peace Corps across regional and cultural lines, rather than territori­ ernment, to run for office, seem to be met with an almost volunteers teach at elementary schools in Kirovohrad, al. He gives the sport of hockey as an example, noting incredulous stare, as though such things are beyond both while a fourth volunteer is involved in working with the realm of possibility and their own thinking. that already teams from various regions play teams local businesspeople.) The Teacher Training Institute at Kirovohrad is sym­ (Continued on page 14) bolic in many ways of the troubles that continue to (Continued on page 15)

From left are: Prof. Oleg Polyarush, rector of the Vynnychenko Teacher Training Institute in Kirovohrad; Dr. Vladimir Vassilenko, pro-rector; and Valentyna Parashchuk, dean of the foreign language faculty. No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 Eurasia Foundation agreement launches NEWS AND VIEWS: How to work first small business assistance program with Western NIS Enterprise Fund WASHINGTON - The Eurasia Tatiana Vazheyevskaya, head of division, The following information was provid­ directly from firms and entrepreneurs. Foundation announced on November 22, National Bank of Ukraine; Oleksei ed by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The fund has designed a standard appli­ 1994, that it has signed an agreement Levenets, attorney, Baker & McKenzie - cation process that will minimize the with the Kyyiv-based AVAL Bank to Kyyiv; and Greta Bull, regional Introduction time required on the part of applicant, launch the first small business assistance director/Kyyiv, Eurasia Foundation. On July 21, 1994, the president of the and will allow the fund to determine in program in Ukraine to be supported by The foundation's cooperation and United States of America announced the an efficient manner whether a proposal is U.S. government funds. In keeping with interaction with AVAL in the loan-mak­ formal creation of the Western New Inde­ of interest on an initial basis. The fund its charitable purposes, the foundation ing process is in itself an important part pendent States (NIS) Enterprise Fund. The will be very selective in choosing the will make low interest loans - through of the technical assistance that the pro­ fund is to promote private sector develop­ projects it will finance and will invest the AVAL Bank - of under $450,000 to gram will provide. One of the founda­ ment in Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine. only in firms it expects to be economi­ small Ukrainian businesses. tion's goals is to assist in the reform and The United States, through the U.S. cally viable. Fund decisions will be final, The purpose of the foundation's pro­ development of a sound financial system Agency for International Development, and it will not reconsider applications gram is to support economic reforms and in Ukraine. By working through AVAL plans to capitalize the fund with $150 mil­ that have been declined. The fund's man­ the further development of a thriving pri­ and the bi-national advisory panel, the lion in foreign assistance appropriations agement and its directors have exclusive vate sector by helping to create jobs and foundation is able not only to support over the next three to four years. The authority over investment decisions. relieve poverty in economically local small business, but also to help fund, which will be managed by a board If, after the initial review of the proposal, depressed regions of Ukraine. Therefore, strengthen over all the commercial bank­ of directors comprising private individu­ a project seems promising, the fund will loans to small private firms will be ing sector. Foundation President Dr. als, will have authority to make equity appoint a team to evaluate it rigorously. regionally and locally based - targeted William B. Bader commented that "... in investments and loans, and offer technical The process will entail extensive interviews primarily away from urban centers and addition to the loans made, cooperation assistance to promote new private compa­ with management and on-site visits to the focusing initially on oblasts in Eastern with AVAL Bank and the bi-national nies and entrepreneurs in the western NIS, company. Project sponsors should expect a Ukraine and the Dnipro River Basin, advisory panel on the program and loan with special emphasis on the promotion of proposal to undergo several rounds of including Luhanske, Dnipropetrovske, process itself provides support for small small and medium-sized enterprises. The analysis, negotiation and structuring. Zaporizhzhia, Donetske, Kharkiv, business, support for private commercial fund will be encouraged to use its U.S. Once the team has completed its eval­ Mykolayiv, Kherson and the Kyyiv banking and support for local and region­ government funding to attract other uation, it will submit its recommenda­ Oblast (excluding the city of Kyyiv). al economic development." It is hoped as resources for private sector development tions to senior management. If the pro­ Loans will be available not only for man­ well that the program will serve as a cat­ in the three states. ject is approved, the fund will draft nec­ ufacturing companies but also for service alyst to encourage other organizations to essary documentation. Some projects industries, especially those that help to become involved in providing financing Eligibility may require approval of the fund's board meet critical consumer needs in to commercial banks and small business­ The fund will focus on small and of directors. depressed regions. Impact on employ­ es in the former Soviet Union. medium-sized private and privatizing Following approval, the fund will ment will be an important consideration The Eurasia Foundation, a private firms, which may include firms with as monitor the investment closely. The fund will consult frequently with manage­ when loan applications are reviewed. non-profit organization established in many as 2,500 workers, although it is ment, send field missions to visit the Because the foundation is not a bank 1993 with funding from the U.S. Agency expected that most loans and investments enterprise, and will require periodic and does not have a Ukrainian banking for International Development, supports will be aimed at firms that are consider­ license, loans will be made through a technical assistance, training, educational financial and other reports on develop­ ably smaller than this threshold. ments that might materially affect the local financial intermediary - the AVAL and policy programs in the newly inde­ The fund's primary focus is on the Bank. One of the top 10 banks in pendent states of the former Soviet development of economically viable pri­ (Continued on page 11) Ukraine, AVAL Bank is the type of insti­ Union. In addition to the new small busi­ vate enterprises. The fund will actively tution with which the foundation is proud ness assistance program, the Eurasia seek corporate and financial partners to work - a newly emerged private, com­ Foundation provides grants of economic from the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere. mercial bank founded in 1992 and hold­ reform and the establishment of democ­ ing a license for international banking ratic institutions in Ukraine through its Presenting proposals USA/USA opens transactions since 1993. Washington and Kyyiv offices. To date, Proposals may be submitted to any of Working with the bank and the founda­ the foundation has supported over 50 the Enterprise Fund's offices. The initial office in Kyyiv tion in the decision-making process will be projects totaling approximately $2 mil­ submission should consist of an approxi­ ALBANY, N.Y. - USA/USA, an a bi-national advisory panel of financial lion in Ukraine. mately 10-page "project description" that intrinsic program of Americans for and community development experts. The U.S. Agency for International will enable the fund to assess the attractive­ Democracy in Ukraine Inc., recently Panel members are: Esther Dyson, Eurasia Development administers the U.S. for­ ness of the proposal. The description can received significant office space at the Foundation board member and president eign assistance program providing eco­ be in Belarusian, Moldovan or Ukrainian, University of Kyyiv-Mohyla Academy of EDventures Inc.; Tim Bloomfield, gen­ nomic and humanitarian assistance in although English or Russian are preferred. from which to run its operations in eral director, Ernst & Young Kyyiv; more than 80 countries worldwide. Each proposal should cover the following: Ukraine. • a description of the company, includ­ Olena Kramar, a full-time employee of ing its legal status and ownership structure; Ukrainian Student Association in the Alberta physicians provide textbooks • qualifications and experience of the U.S.A., is establishing its office in Kyyiv. key management of the company; In return, USA/USA will help UKMA EDMONTON - The Ukrainian man of the Parliamentary Committee on • a detailed description of the product, develop contacts throughout the English- Physicians of Alberta and Kobza Health, 14 members of Parliament, and Dr. potential market, list of major customers, speaking world. Plans exist for an e-mail International Corp. have announced the Vyacheslav Perederiy, deputy minister of export and domestic markets, the method network of Ukrainian students and book launch of the Ukrainian translation medical education. Dr. Perederiy of distribution, and the factors that deter­ scholars studying abroad, and for a pro­ of Davidson's Principles and Practice of announced that the textbook had been offi­ mine market acceptance; gram to network alumni of English lan­ Medicine. cially recognized by the Ministry of Health • a detailed description of the manu­ guage universities in Ukraine. The launch took place last September in and that medical institutions would begin facturing process, including plant and Cooperation has already begun with the Dnipropetrovske, Ukraine, at the fifth to use the Ukrainian translation as the pri­ equipment; American Collegiate Consortium, which World Congress of Ukrainian Physicians. mary internal medicine text at the opening • important suppliers and main raw manages student exchanges with the CIS, It was opened with supportive greetings of the 1994 school year. materials used; the Educational Testing Service in from the Ministry of Health and the chair­ Formal presentations of Davidson's • competitive strengths and weakness Princeton, N.J., the U.S. Peace Corps and man of the World Federation of Ukrainian Principles and Practice of Medicine took of the company; the Chopivsky Scholarship Fund at Yale Physicians, Dr. Paul Dzul. place in medical schools of Ukraine during • estimate of financial needs and the University. USA/USA will continue its Edmonton physicians Dr. Wolodymyr July and August. The presentations were intended use of the funds to be invested annual academic workshop in Kyyiv. Maksymowych and Dr. Orest Talpash, organized by Roman Zyla, representative of (in the case of existing firms, the most USA/USA will shortly be registered in informed the large group of Ukrainian the Ukrainian Physicians of Alberta, by Dr. recent financial statements should be Ukraine as an official educational organi­ physicians and medical students in atten­ Stanislav Nechayiv, chairman of the appended); zation called UKRAMEREZHA. An dance that the Ukrainian Physicians of Ukrainian Medical Association of Kyyiv. • a suggested financial structure, indi­ agreement for cooperation has been signed Alberta had initiated this project to mark A second text, Forrest's Principles and cating the expected need for equity with the Ukraine-U.S.A. (UA-USA) the occasion of Ukrainian independence. Practice of Surgery has been translated and/or debt financing; Friendship Society of Dnipropetrovske. Representing the Publication Committee into Ukrainian and is currently being • the names and address of joint ven­ Similar agreements are developing with of the Ukrainian Physicians of Edmonton, printed. In all 10,000 copies of each text ture partners, if any; Odessa, Kharkiv and Khmelnytsky. Drs. Maksymowych and Talpash extended will be distributed to all medical schools, • financial projections and the key At this time USA/USA is applying for warmest wishes to their Ukrainian col­ and major medical libraries and hospitals assumptions underlying the projections, a grant to develop a database of English- leagues. Dr. Talpash stated, "we hope this in Ukraine. A limited number of copies with an explanation of how these were language secondary schools in Ukraine. gift of knowledge will be of value in will be available in North America at the derived; and Individuals or civic organizations who advancing Ukrainian physicians' medical end of December 1994. • a discussion of relevant environmen­ are interested in making contributions to skills and knowledge and, ultimately, be For information about the Ukrainian tal, legal and regulatory issues. outfit the USA/USA office with furni­ ture, computers, software and books, or beneficial for the Ukrainian people." textbook translation project or intended Application process The launch in Dnipropetrovske was pre­ purchase, please contact: Dr. Wolodymyr who would wish to participate in its pro­ ceded by a press conference in Kyyiv on Maksymowych, (403) 492-1964, fax, One of the primary means by which grams may write to: USA/USA-ADU, July 15, which was attended by numerous (403) 492-6055; or Dr. Orest Talpash, the fund will identify potential invest­ P.O. Box 3874 Albany, NY 12203-0874. Ukrainian dignitaries, including the chair­ (403) 428-6772, fax, (403) 423-3479. ments is through proposals received All contributions are tax-deductible. 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2

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of Technology, he has a bit more time on Pysanka power... his hands. (Continued from page 7) This firstboo k took 20 years of prepara­ pysanky for most of his adult life. At the tion and compilation. Hopefully, we will end of World War II, when in the not have to wait as long for his second Tyrolian region, he began writing his book, on pysanka ornaments and symbol­ own pysanky, based on his memories ism — "what to write, what not to write." from home, Korychyntsi, Husiatyn coun­ Mr. Elyjiw concludes his introduction: try. There, as a small boy, he had "I hope that this publication will show to watched an old woman writing pysanky, the world and especially to the new gener­ and that fascination remained with him. ation of Easter egg decorators the beauty Over the years, along with writing of the traditional Ukrainian pysanka and pysanky, Mr. Elyjiw has been collecting will contribute to the rebirth of this ancient the ornaments, compiling them into note­ custom in Ukraine." Indeed it will. books. Right now, his own pysanka col­ Ask for the book at your Ukrainian lection consists of around 900 pysanky. bookstore, or order from: Zenon Elyjiw / His older brother, Yaroslav, of Toronto, uw, 374 Dorchester Road, Rochester, NY also writes, and has added a significant 14610; $39 + $2.50 shipping and handling, number to this collection. The two broth­ New York state residents add 8 percent ers have also refined and improved the sales tax ($3.12 per book). kistky (the styluses used to write with the Shipping to Canada: $3.50 surface, or beeswax). Now that Zenon Elyjiw is $5.50 air mail. Check or money orders retired from his career in graphic arts and (U.S. funds only) should be made payable color reproduction at Rochester Institute to Zenon Elyjiw.

Ukrainian. He published many papers 1995 marks... and brochures defending the political and cultural rights of the Ukrainian nation. (Continued from page 7) As can be seen, Puluj was quite a academic and government citations and renaissance man. Under the Soviets he awards, and won prizes for his technical was ignored because of his Bible work contributions at world fairs and interna­ and his Ukrainian patriotism. Still, the tional exhibitions in Paris, Vienna, Steyr first edition (1963) of the Ukrainian and Prag де. His inventions were patented Soviet Encyclopedia (URE, Ukrainska in a number of countries. Honorary mem­ Radianska Entsyklopedia) has a brief, bership was bestowed on Puluj by the objective, entry on him. He was purged Vienna Electrical Society, and he was from the second edition (1983) of URE, repeatedly elected president of the after the KGB cracked down on the Prague Electrical Society. Ukrainian revival of the 1960s. VIGO REMITTANCE CORP. is one of the \argest money transfer companies \n the USA He is the co-author (together with the It is encouraging to see that in free serving 36 countries around the world with the best service you can find. writers Panteleimon Kulish and Ivan Ukraine Ivan Puluj has finally been VIGO is licensed as a money transmitter by the Banking Department of New York Nechui-Levytsky) of the first complete accorded the posthumous recognition he and other 15 american states, having over 300 agents in this country. translation of the Bible into modern so richly deserves. Now, check the service we have prepared for you:

New York or the branch office in Kyyiv m Payments in US Dollars in 43 cities in Ukraine, How to work... at the following addresses and telephone and 20 in Belarus, also Moscow and Yerevan. numbers: (Continued from page 9) ш No Fees for the receiver. enterprise. Western NIS Enterprise Fund Project sponsors should bear in mind 885 Third Avenue fl Free 48 word message sent with your transfer. that a proposal may be declined at any Suite 1000 ш Free notification to the receiver stage in the review process until closing. New York, NY 10022 Sponsors will be informed in writing Phone: (212) 906-1235 that money is available. whether a proposal has been accepted or Fax:(212)751-4864 m Lowest fees and fastest delivery. declined. Western NIS Enterprise Fund The fund will respond to the initial #7 Kudriavsky Uzviz submission as quickly as possible, indi­ 2nd Floor New York- (212)921-1522 cating whether the fund is interested in 254053 Kyyiv, Ukraine New Jersey- (201)465-3959 pursuing the project. Phone: (4) 16-98-41 Massachusetts- (617) 868-8446 Fax: (4) 17-14-19 Illinois- (312)989-9296 Contacting the fund Georgia - (404) 925-8873 The fund plans to open branch offices Florida - (305) 942-8446 Project descriptions and inquiries may in Minsk, Belarus, and Chisinau, California - (818) 779-1600 International Money Transmitter be directed to the fund's headquarters in Moldova, іпЛ995.

The grand ballroom UKRAINIAN ENGINEERS SOCIETY OF AMERICA For reservations or information Hotel Atop the Bellevue PHILADELPHIA BRANCH please contact: Road and Walnut Streets Philadelphia, PA Mr. Eugene Syblikewycz ENGINEERS'BALL (609) 983-0621 Orchestra TEMPO WITH Cocktails 6 PM Banquet & Bali $85 Banquet 7 PM PRESENTATION OF DEBUTANTES Ball $40 Ball (students) $25 Ball 9:30 PM February 4,1995 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2 Parma cathedral celebrates 70th anniversary The talk turns... (Continued from page 3) Russia's use of economic blackmail through energy supplies, and Ukraine's continuing vulnerability to it because of unwise gambits in debt management. He also outlined the reasons for capi­ tal flight from the country and outlined some of the methods he has proposed to combat it. The rest of the session proceeded along the lines of questions and answers, given form by Mr. Goldman's hypothetical sce­ nario of an investor willing to come to Ukraine to put money into a specific, locally focused agricultural project. Mr. Lanovy indicated that Odessa Oblast was a site most suited to such a project because of: a) the election of a reform-minded oblast council chairman, council and municipal government; b) an agreement with President Kuchma to allow a measure of economic autonomy to oblasts; c) an ongoing project that involves investors from Germany and elsewhere designed to upgrade the region's transport, agriculture and food- processing infrastructure. The meeting concluded as Mr. Goldman said he was encouraged by the economic portrait of the country and wished Mr. Lanovy good fortune in his efforts to bring about reform in Ukraine. Metropolitan Constantine and Archbishop Antony are seen above with clergy and altar servers who participated in the 70th Mr. Lanovy expressed the wish that anniversary celebrations of St. Vladimir's Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral in Parma, Ohio. The anniversary celebrations were investors such as Mr. Goldman and oth­ held on Saturday and Sunday, October 28-29, 1994, and consisted of vespers, an anniversary concert, a divine liturgy and a ers increasingly act upon the opportuni­ banquet. ties that Ukraine can offer.

Sy.OBODA ^ CB ОБОДА THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY expressing even the slightest pro-national­ Ukrainian National Assembly... ist sentiments. Established 1893 Established 1933 Oldest and foremost Ukrainian-language English-language newspaper offering a Ukrainian (Continued from page 2) In response to Russian allegations of daily newspaper in the United States perspective on the news without official government sanction. Ukrainian involvement in the Chechnya Presently, UNA/UNSO members are in conflict, Ukraine's Foreign Minister the breakaway republic of Chechnya, Gennadiy Udovenko protested strongly, ADVERTISING RATES FOR SVOBODA reporting on the Chechen-Russian con­ noting that, although President Leonid (published daily exept Sundays, Mondays and holidays.) flict, and, according to unsubstantiated Kuchma had warned Ukraine's citizens to ALL ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE RECEIVED BY NOON Russian government reports, militarily avoid any participation in the Chechen THREE DAYS BEFORE PUBLICATION. conflict, Russia nonetheless had decided OBITUARIES ACCEPTED BY TELEPHONE DAILY UNTIL 8:30 A.M. assisting the Chechens. Russia's defense minister, Gen. Pavel to "play the Ukrainian card in Chechnya." Full page (160") _ $1,800.00 Quarter page (40") _ „$450.00 The timing of the UNA's registration Half page (80") _ _$900.00 Eighth page (20") _ _$230.00 Grachev, speaking at a press conference near Chechnya on December 29, accused was coincidental, according to Reuters, All general advertising: 1 inch, single column _ $12.00 which also reported that UNA/UNSO Fraternal, personal and community advertising: 1 inch, single column _ $7.50 Ukrainian "Banderite" fighters of fight­ ing alongside the Chechen forces oppos­ activists have vowed to organize "active Width of one column _1з/4 inches ing Russian Federation President Boris holidays" to combat pro-Russian groups on Length of one column _ _ 20 inches Columns to a page Yeltsin's move to stop Chechnya's Ukraine's Crimean peninsula this summer. secession. The UNA's formal registration brings ADVERTISING RATES FOR THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Gen. Grachev did not specifically men­ to 38 the number of officially recognized (Published in English on Sundays) tion UNSO, and the term "Banderite" has political parties in Ukraine. ALL ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE RECEIVED previously been used by the (then-Soviet) — Based on reports from Reuters ONE WEEK PRIOR TO PUBLICATION: FRIDAY NOON. government to disparage Ukrainians and Svoboda. Full page (58") _ _ $600.00 Quarter page (141/г") _ $165.00 Half page (29") _ _ $310.00 Eighth page (W) _ _ $85.00 All general advertising: 1 inch, single column Fraternal and community advertising: 1 inch, single column _$7.50 FOUR-PAGE CENTERFOLD PULLOUT _ $2,900.00 Width of one column _ Length of one column _ 14 1/2 inches Something to crow about! Columns to а раде 4

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Drawbacks of Kuchma's program ible hand" of the market is substituted for make the "right" decisions. Because it is The state... the familiar face of a state bureaucrat. impossible to know in advance what data The new chief executive's program (Continued from page 2) The credo of such a program could read or knowledge will be relevant to the deci­ has several tactical and strategic short­ "put your trust in the best intentions of sions that need to be made, government reduce all state subsidies and liberalize comings. First, not even an approximate omniscient state officials and refrain prices; he intends to cut spending and time-table has been set out. Apart from officials can never be sufficiently from strikes." In this respect, the former reduce the budget deficit according to the 1997 4 percent of GDP budget deficit informed even if this were their goal. Pivdenmash director's economic views plan — 8 percent of the GNP by the end target (that is, a deficit level currently Dr. Hayek contended that decentral­ reflect those of the country's captains of of 1995, 6 percent by 1996, and 4 percent maintained by the major industrial coun­ ized markets will always outperform by 1997. tries), one can only speculate about the big industry. The latter expect to receive state bureaucracies for two reasons. First, By the end of 1994, the government time frames he has in mind for the the lion's share of the foreign monetary they have access to far more relevant had intended to establish a state debt-ser­ restructuring of the country's agricultural assistance redistributed by the state. information. Second, they provide strong vicing market and to issue state bonds, system, setting a privatization program in Another flaw of the proposed program incentives (in the shape of profit opportu­ loans and short-term treasury notes. The motion, creating a modern bank system, lies in its insistence on the "restoration of nities) for using information efficiently. government expects to set up a system to etc. As far as his current mandate is con­ broken economic ties" with Russia. It Even if a government could somehow auction securities according to their real cerned, Mr. Kuchma has only four years naively expects that Russia will sell oil to determine what to do, its officials usually market value, taking inflation into to overcome a 70-year-old legacy of Ukraine at domestic prices, i.e., for $28 lack appreciable incentives to carry it account. Investors in state securities will Soviet colonialism. instead of $100 to $110 per ton. However, out. Therefore, all post-Soviet attempts it seems clear to virtually everyone that to introduce state-controlled market be given tax breaks. A special financial In its attempt to address all and Russia would never do this. economies have resulted in widespread body, The National Committee On The sundry, Mr. Kuchma's program resem­ In addition, Russia's technology in the Open Market, is to be established in 1995 bles the old-fashioned Soviet five-year corruption, since this is the only logical to supervise the equity market. plans. However, it remains unclear who civilian sector is outdated and is in no motivator for otherwise underpaid state The government also wants to create will implement it. Mr. Kuchma's obvious position to compete internationally. officials. an Interdepartmental Consultative desire to rid himself of various ministries Therefore, technological contacts with According to Dr. Hayek, the principal Council on Banks, which would include and their branches complicates matters. Russia will do nothing to lift Ukraine out task of government should be to elimi­ representatives of the NBU, Parliament, In another echo of the unrealized of its technological backwardness. nate obstacles that prevent markets from the Cabinet of Ministers, and the Gorbachev-Ryzhkov plan, the Ukrainian Because of Russia's continuing politi­ operating smoothly. Commercial Banks Association, in order leader wants to turn them into "consult­ cal instability and further shift to the It is obvious that Dr. Hayek's vision of to regulate the activity of the commercial ing centers." right, Mr. Kuchma's stated intent to the path to economic prosperity is dia­ banks directly, rather than through the The president thus faces a Herculean "restore" ties could only undermine metrically opposed to Mr. Kuchma's. It NBU. task: creating a new and effectively func­ prospects of obtaining any significant emphasizes the creation of free subjects To develop the stock market the gov­ tioning state bureaucracy. Without one, foreign aid. In this respect, the recent of entrepreneurial activity, rather than the ernment will establish a special his idea of "genuine" state influence on refusal of the European Union's finance establishment of governmental bodies to Commission on Securities to provide economic recovery is groundless. ministers to give a $100 million loan to supervise this activity. Ukraine should indicate that a drastic re- regulations, control and protection of Mr. Kuchma has said that Ukraine will Conclusion rights on the security market. To promote join the world community through the evaluation of his program is necessary. the demonopolization of the economy, an development of its agriculture. In that It is crucial for Ukraine to push for the Although President Kuchma's pro­ Interdepartmental Demonopolization case, the president should decide what repatriation of huge Ukrainian assets posed program is the best Ukrainians Committee will be established. However, (grain? sugar?) he will sell on the abroad through economic rather than have had, it is rather an agglomeration of in an obvious contradiction, a number of extremely competitive world agricultural administrative means, and to create the market, half-market and old Soviet-style state-controlled financial-industrial con­ markets, and to whom. most favorable conditions for foreign principles that aims to address every­ glomerates (FICs) will be created. The Mr. Kuchma has vowed to demonopo­ investment. one's concerns. main task of these FICs would be to re­ lize the country's industry. And yet, his Hayek versus Kuchma Also, the president's program faces establish ties between former Soviet program entails the creation of huge several big challenges. First, it must be enterprises throughout the CIS. FICs. One can readily imagine the results The views of Friedrich Hayek (1899- pushed past opposition in the Supreme Sweeping privatization, according to of such a scheme. 1992), the famous Austrian economist, Council. The ban on privatization Mr. Kuchma, would be regulated by the A large enterprise would be privatized Nobel Prize winner and father of the imposed by the Parliament has yet to be government. The new policy would by its former managers, who would then European economic model, could help in lifted. The strong opposition of promote a market economy featuring a establish their own commercial bank, and the reshaping of Mr. Kuchma's economic Oleksander Moroz, the Parliament mixed ownership system, and put state- this amalgamation would then be desig­ program. In stating his opposition to gov­ Chairman, to land privatization has to be owned, private and collective property nated as an FTC. This FTC would receive ernment intervention in the marketplace, overcome. Second, Mr. Kuchma's gov­ ownership on an equal footing. credits from the National Bank of Dr. Hayek stressed that the sum total of ernment faces a new wave of strikes. Ironically, this was also one of the ideas Ukraine, parcel out market share, and knowledge available in an economy Third, Mr. Kuchma still does not have advocated by Mikhail Gorbachev establish a new monopoly, with no bene­ "never exists in concentrated or integrat­ his team in place. Even the recent before he resigned as president of the fit for the population-at-large. ed form, but solely as the dispersed bits appointment of Viktor Pynzenyk as first USSR. Modern market systems presuppose a of incomplete and frequently contradicto­ deputy prime minister leaves doesn't set­ In the area of land reform, President high social and physical mobility of the ry knowledge that all the separate indi­ tle questions concerning Prime Minister Kuchma has advocated private ownership. workforce. How the administration viduals possess." What Dr. Hayek meant Vitaliy Masol, the former Communist Meanwhile, nothing has been said about intends to ensure such mobility, and yet is that managers of private sector compa­ stalwart appointed by Mr. Kravchuk dismantling the existing collective farm still cling to the propiska system con­ nies know more about their financial prior to his loss at the polls. (kolhosp) system, or the management of trolled by internal passports, is unclear. concerns than the state or any central Finally, the state approach to econom­ authority could ever learn. ic reforms should be reconsidered. The the resulting market for land. Tentatively, Mr. Kuchma proposes to reduce bud­ Even if we accept the only marginally introduction of a market economy should the president has said he is in favor of a get deficit through the sale of state secu­ plausible contention that a government be based on the values and norms of a State Program on Development of Land rities and bonds. But who will buy them could obtain and process all the informa­ civic society rather than on the direct Reforms in Ukraine. if 97 percent of the population lives tion dispersed in a market economy, all intrusion of the state into the process of In foreign trade, the strategic priorities below the poverty line? Besides, who this data would still not be sufficient to market self-regulation. of Mr. Kuchma's program will be the would trust a government that has "restoration of broken ties with Russia destroyed people's savings with its infla­ and other CIS countries," coupled with tionary policies? state reorganization of Ukraine's import The president's program is also hob­ structure, and a policy of "limited" pro­ bled by political shortcomings. He tectionism. He has intimated that a state intends to introduce an authoritarian, program of export potential development state-controlled version of a market econ­ will be pursued. UKRAINE omy. He has never disclosed how the In terms of social policy, Mr. Kuchma numerous government bodies through • Largest USA Tour Operator to Ukraine said he will ensure that steady funding which he intends to control this process • Over 60 escorted DELUXE group departures and state support of education, science, of reform will be created. • All groups fly safest air transportation to Europe via culture and environmental protection In any event, there are two ways for LUFTHANSA, AUSTRIAN, CZECHOSLOVAK and LOT programs will continue. Education is to such state agencies to be established. • Newest DELUXE Hotels: Kyyiv - Domus, Lviv - Grand remain free for most of the population. Either they are set up by the country's and Ivano Frankivsk - Roxolana To assure himself of an appropriate free economic subjects as they devise • Mercedes air-conditioned touring coaches climate for his market reform program, their rules of play and competition in the scope • Dnipro cruises on DELUXE River Boat the president has proposed that all politi­ open market, or the state acts as the high­ tRaoeL 1605 Springfield Ave Mapbwood NJ 07040 cal parties and civic organizations sign est instance that determines the rules of an "act of national accord" with the state, market behavior. similar to the one secured by President It is no accident that Mr. Kuchma Boris Yeltsin in Russia. wishes to invest the state with the power Mr. Kuchma has also announced his to determine which forms of competition intention to issue a law on opposition and are "benevolent" and "constructive," and called for a six-month moratorium on which are "detrimental to society." As strikes, backed by an agreement with the president sees it, the country's eco­ $ 200 Off ! leading trade unions. Mr. Kuchma added nomic players should interact with each On 1995 All-inclusive group tours if deposit is received by Jan 31, 1995 a warning that his focus on economic ties other through a network of ad hoc state (per couple - restrictions apply) with Russia and other CIS countries was bodies. non-negotiable. In Mr. Kuchma 's program, the "invis­ CALL FOR BROCHURE 201 378-8998 or 800 242-7267 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2 Professionals seek... Ukrainian National Association (Continued from page 8) from nearby, even across national borders. Monthly reports for July Dr. Melnik's appraisal, by far the most optimistic, was supported in quite another way by a young businessman, Sergei Death Benefits 79,917.50 RECORDING DEPARTMENT Dividend Accumulations 2,468.13 Serenko. This 38-year-old dynamo ignores Dividend To Members 1,019,719.52 government altogether as he moves steadi­ MEMBERSHIP REPORT Dues And Annuity Premiums From Members Returned 302.88 Endowments Matured 70,157.09 ly toward building a mini-conglomerate in JUV. ADULTS ADD TOTALS Indigent Benefits Disbursed 580.00 the area of his native Kirovohrad. With the TOTAL AS OF JUNE 30 1994 17,247 40,671 5,284 63,202 Interest On Death Benefits 81.56 GAINS IN JULY 1994 Payor Death Benefits 45.73 close assistance of his wife, Alia, Mr. Reinsurance Premiums Paid 802.02 New members 14 25 4 43 Serenko has moved from an original 1,208,393.82 Reinstated 28 66 1 95 JptaL _ __ $ Transferee! in 5 5 Operating Expenses: $50,000 investment three years ago to the Change class in 3 3 Real Estate 284,449.97 point where he now controls a venture with 79,207.52 TOTAL GAINS: 45 96 5 146 $ interests in women's clothing (manufac­ LOSSES IN JULY 1994 Washington Office 30,039.82 Official Publication-Svoboda 102,799.24 turing and retailing), food processing, Suspended 24 52 20 96 Organizing Expenses: Transfered out 5 5 Advertising 3,118.16 transportation, real estate, and eventually, Change of class out 3 3 Commissions And Overrides On Universal Life 868.96 banking. In addition, he proudly displays Died 34 34 Field Conferences 685.00 Cash surrender 30 51 81 Lodge Supplies Purchased 0.00 plans for a 62-unit development that will Endowment matured 15 27 42 Medical Inspections 705.86 encompass a church, school, stadium, retail Fully paid-up 11 30 41 Refund of Branch Secretaries Expenses 62,187.87 Certificate terminated 11 5 16 Reward To Organizers 17,853.95 store and tennis courts (he plays a mean TOTAL LOSSES 83 210 25 318 Reward To Special Organizers 53.56 game, one is told). INACTIVE MEMBERSHIP Supreme Medical Examiner's Fee 1,500.00 GAINS IN JULY 1994 Travelinq Expenses-Special Organizers 1,576.52 "This I will bring about in five years' Paid-up 11 30 41 Total 585,046.43 time," he announces through an inter­ Extended insurance 17 27 44 Payroll, Insurance And Taxes: $ preter, as he opens a bottle of champagne TOTAL GAINS 28 57 85 at his spacious, modestly furnished home LOSSES IN JULY 1994 Insurance-Workmens Compensation $ 12,385.00 Salaries Of Executive Officers 17,213.86 outside the city limits of Kirovohrad. "It's 17 Salaries Of Office Employees 106,758.65 Cash surrender Taxes-Federal, State And City On Employee Waqes 29,903.98 my way of giving back to his community," Reinstated 1 4 5 Total 211,296.79 he adds. Many of the occupants of the Lapsed 4 6 10 $ TOTAL LOSSES 29 64 93 Actuarial And Statistical Expenses 1,975.00 homes in the development will come from TOTAL UNA MEMBERSHIP Bank Charges $ 1,374.95 among his 100-plus employees. AS OF JULY 30 1994 17,208 40,550 5,264 63,022 Bank Charges For Custodian Account 3,334.25 Earlier, at a 4,000-square-meter site WALTER SOCHAN Books And Periodicals 1,020.00 Dues To Fraternal Congresses 190.00 he is renovating on the bottom floor of a Supreme Secretary General Office Maintenance 2,021.42 Insurance Department Fees 1,892.99 12-story apartment complex, three Operating Expense of Canadian Office 350.00 women slap cement on interior walls. FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT Postage 6,342.27 Printing and Stationery 2,601.14 "I pay them $7 a week for their work, INCOME FOR JULY 1994 Rental Of Equipment And Services 1,245.09 and they work seven days a week," he Telephone, Telegraph 3,290.09 Travelinq Expenses-General 3,529.79 states openly. Later, he drives to his rural Dues and Annuity Premiums From Members $ 422,564.91 Total 29,166.99 Income From "Svoboda" Operation 93,832.88 home, not far from which is a two-story Miscellaneous: $ macaroni factory about ready to begin pro­ Convention Expenses 4,643.00 $ Donation From Fund For The Rebirth Of Ukraine $ 8,806.74 duction, using local wheat and processing Exchange Account-UNURC 208,873.48 it into the flour needed to make the prod­ Mortgage Loans 28,646.04 Fraternal Activities 476.77 Real Estate 253,205.24 Investment Expense-Mortgages 2,500.00 uct. Once processed, the spaghetti will be Loss On Bonds 5,950.00 shipped all over the region, as well as to Stocks 6,985.68 Professional Fees 5,600.00 Total 1,042,431.95 Russia and Germany, in Mr. Serenko's Transfer Account 2,116,624.32 $ Ukrainian Publications 1,915.00 fleet of four semi tractor-trailers. Convention Expense 8,936.56 Total 2,357,971.16 Mr. Serenko's story is unusual. He, his Employee Hospitalization Plan Premiums 691.72 $ Investments: $ Insurance Department Fees 60.00 wife and mother just four years ago were Certificate Loans 3,155.78 1,501.00 $ workers on a chicken farm collective. Investment Expense 200.00 E.D.P. Equipment 89,085.00 Official Publication "Svoboda" 13,277.08 Mortgages 304,000.00 Once the break-up of the Soviet empire Operating Expenses Washington Office 7,066.19 Real Estate 75,646.79 Printing & Stationery 36.27 Short Term Investments 1,704,921.82 occurred, he sought investment funds from Rent 244.29 Stock 4,038.01 relatives in Germany and his wife, then Reward To Special Organizer 126.26 Total 2,180,847.40 Taxes Federal, State & City On Employee Wages $_ decided to go into business for himself. On Disbursements For July, 1994 6,572,722.59 Taxes Held In Escrow 217.33 $_ initial appearances, he has done well, Total S 85,243.89 remains very upbeat over his own con­ Miscellaneous: Dividend Accumulations 66,858.23 BALANCE glomerate's prospects and seems impervi­ Donations To Fund For The Rebirth Of Ukraine $ 10,246.86 ous to any government intrusion - though Exchange Account-UNURC 206,660.48 ASSETS LIABILITIES Profit On Bonds Sold or Matured 6,506.28 he is well aware of the confiscatory nature Cash $ -277,442^81 Life Insurance 74,641,700.48 Sale Of "Ukrainian Encyclopaedia" 645.54 $ of the taxes he pays. Nevertheless, he feels Transfer Account 2,112,954.52 Total 2,403,871.91 he will persevere and succeed no matter $ Bonds ~ 51,957,624.73 Investments: Mortgage Loans ~ 5,868,853.30 who leads the Ukrainian government. Bonds Matured Or Sold 1,023,592.83 Certificate Loan 642,174.35 Accidental D.D. But Messrs. Serenko and Melnik, while Certificate Loans Repaid $ 685.74 Real Estate Mortgages Repaid 17,405.05 Printing Plant & E.D.P." providing more positive signs for the Short Term Investments Sold 2,206,140.35 Equipment future of Ukraine, seem to be a minority, Total 3,247,823.97 Stocks Income For Ж 1994 «Г$" 6,779,371.72 Loan to D.H.-U.N.A especially when one considers the vast Housing Corp. 104,551.04 Old Age Home (2,956,263.47) жттштжтттшшттттттттташ number of average citizens whose daily Loan To U.N.U.R.C. 8,834,553.19^ Emergency 52,935.26 routine consists of waiting in line for DISBURSEMENTS FOR JULY 1994 Total t 72,810,335.63 $ 72,810,335.63 Paid To Or For Members: bread, shopping the city markets, suffer­ Annuity Benefits And Partial Withdrawals ALEXANDER BLAHITKA ing the regular turn-offs of water, and Cash Surrenders Supreme Treasurer generally, existing at the mercy of a gov­ ernment that has not yet convinced many of its own citizens of its viability. One prison official (who chose to Read The Weekly. Wear The Weekly. remain nameless) makes the equivalent of Now available: The Ukrainian Weekly T-shirts about $20 a month. During a ridet o Kyyiv one morning, he expresses some doubt featuring The Ukrainian Weekly flag in white lettering on 100% cotton black T-shirt. over whether the Kuchma government would succeed in its recently announced Price: $10, plus $2 postage/handling, per shirt. To order, fill out form below, clip and mail to: reforms. Another businessman, also name­ less, admits he had to deal regularly with the local mafia to keep his business going. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Others including many teachers and the 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302 rector at the Teacher Training Institute in Kirovohrad are more reticent about (No phone orders, please.) expressing their views, but the shrug of shoulders when Mr. Kuchma's compared Total number of shirts: ($12 per shirt) Amount enclosed: with former President Leonid Kravchuk S seems a truer indicator of their feelings. Name:_ M The general idea seems to be that things are different - not necessarily better - than L NA Address:_ before the break-up, and that no matter XL City: . State:_ . Zip:. who heads the government, if the funda­ mental issues in the economy are not set­ tled, the country will only drift. No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 15

teachers can now alter the curriculum in The view from... conjunction with their departmental col­ (Continued from page 8) leagues during weekly meetings. Dr. Vassilenko even suggests an For example, the English department exchange program might go so far as to faculty meets once a week or so to com­ provide a common diploma, whereby pare notes on how individual teachers are courses taken by students at either insti­ implementing the curriculum. Should the tution would be counted toward gradua­ group decide changes are needed, they are free to alter the course of study with­ tion. In the meantime, he laments the out approval from above. lack of resources - such things as a copy machine and adequate books. He even "Of course, some more experienced hints that it may well be a very cold win­ teachers are now free to alter their own ter in the school if fuel supplies in oil- courses, even introduce different texts, if dependent Ukraine don't hold out. (As they can find them," Dean Parashchuk though to underscore his concern, a cold states, thereby giving voice to an ongo­ wave prior to the "official" start of the ing difficulty she and other teachers face heating season lowered temperatures in at the institute: lack of reliable texts. With no publishing house nearby, the school to around 55 degrees by Russian texts dominate the educational October 15, 1994, forcing students and program at the Kirovohrad institute. faculty in most instances to wear winter First- and second-form (year) students, coats and jackets in class.) for example, are using texts with 1978 An interview with the school's top publication dates. administrator, Rector Polyarush, yields somewhat less in the way of open discus­ To a question regarding Ukrainian cul­ sion. A former Communist (as were most tural heritage, Dean Parashchuk was of the teachers and administrators), the quick to point out that national values rector seemed proud of the fact that no such as duty, honesty and citizenship are longer does the Communist Party domi­ taught in many classes. In addition, spe­ nate the school. Through an interpreter, cial tutoring classes meet once every two weeks or so to provide instruction in cul­ Prof. Polyarush contends the Kuchma tural heritage and ongoing traditions of government is more favorably disposed the nation. Most students take advantage toward education. of these tutoring sessions. Observation in To the question "Is money the answer many classrooms indicated a strong to the school's problems?" he simply affinity for Ukrainian traditions among shrugs his shoulders and nods in the most students, despite the fact that most affirmative. As to the goals this 16-year speak Russian. (Ukrainian is the official veteran administrator has, increasing language in the school, though for the from 35 to 60 the number of instructors most part, Russian is the language of the with higher (graduate) degrees at the day.) school is most immediate. In one of Dean Parashchuk's teaching To rid education of the former methods classes, a visitor is struck by the Communist influence may be easier said formalism that seems to dominate: than done, however. True, there are no almost the entire classroom period is HURYN MEMORIALS longer active Communists in the teaching devoted to pre-planned instruction on the ranks, but in terms of pedagogy, there part of the instructor. Even such a "tool" For the finest in custom made memorials installed in all ceme­ definitely are leftover influences from the as collaborative learning is used very lit­ teries in the New York Metropolitan area including Holy Spirit in former days, aggravated by almost exclu­ tle, if at all, in the classrooms visited by Hamptonburgh, NY, St. Andrew's in South Bound Brook, N.J., sive reliance on Russian texts printed this observer. The students sit across Pine Bush in Kerhonkson and Glen Spey Cemetery, Glen Spey. anywhere from three to 10 years ago. But from one another, one group of four serv­ We offer personal service and guidance in your home. For a some hopeful signs exist. ing as "instructors" and the other four as bilingual representative call: Foreign language faculty Dean students. "Instructors" quiz students on Valentyna Yuliivna Parashchuk notes: two aspects of American higher educa­ HURYN MEMORIALS "Before, 80 percent of the teachers were tion: red tape and financing. As anyone P.O. Box 121 Communist Party members; now, none familiar with American education can Hamptonburgh, NY. 10916 are. We decide our own curriculum with­ attest, the two terms are highly visible Tel. (914) 427-2684 out any interference from higher-ups. aspects of U.S. higher education. Fax. (914) 427-5443 Some experienced teachers even have In this instance, using their Russian more leeway to move beyond the cur­ published text, red tape is defined as the riculum." registration, fee payments, diploma and Dean Parashchuk comes across as graduation requirements that most more cautiously optimistic in her assess­ American college students endure. ment of the future of education and "Financing" is likewise defined as those NEW UNA ANNUITY RATES Ukraine. A 1975 graduate of the institute, sources of funds for American students Ms. Parashchuk has held her administra­ and schools including government aid, Effective September 15, 1994, the Single Premium Tax Deferred tive post for less than two years while grants, tuition and various fees. But in Annuities will earn 6 1/4% interest, she continues to teach. She has witnessed spite of the outmoded texts and pedantic and the Flexible Premium Tax Deferred Annuities 6%. some changes as a result of the demise of instructional methods, one can't help but the Soviet Union. be impressed with the broad-based knowl­ That interest rate is guaranteed for one year. "There's no more party committee at edge of American higher education dis­ the institute now," she notes, "and no played by Dean Parashchuk's students in For further information please call: more inspectors from the Ministry of addition to the perseverance and courage Education either." She describes the pro­ of faculty and students in the face of their (201) 451-2200 (NJ.) or (216) 888-4919 (Ohio) cedure now wherein each department at own lack of resources at the institute. or (215) 887-8823 (Pa.) or (800) 253-9862 (N.J.) the school (there are eight in all) decides So while hope exists in isolated pock­ its own curriculum. In the foreign lan­ ets - the dean, the pro-rector and Oleg - or kindly clip off the coupon below, guage department, for instance, two nothing can hide the reliance on former department heads - philology and lan­ pedagogies and old texts, and the heavy enter the information requested and return to: guage - meet with her once a month to formalism that is a legacy of commu­ decide curriculum studies for the 46 nism. Enthusiasm for American and groups in the first through fifth forms English teaching methods are there, but Ukrainian National Association (roughly equivalent to years in school). until resources match the enthusiasm, Director of Insurance Operations Department heads receive periodic and what is likely to remain is too much of 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302 ongoing feedback from teachers within the old system. Perhaps that is what most Name: the department. Once individual courses students see at present. Perhaps that are defined, they are given in broad out­ helps explain their seeming resignation Date of Birth: line to department teachers who are left to their fate. Perhaps that is why they with the task of implementing the sug­ seem to accept what they get and, in Address: gested guidelines. But unlike the process Oleg's words, are "satisfied" with their before the Soviet system broke apart, education. Phone: Best time to call: To subscribe: Send $30 ($20 if you are a member of the UNA) to The Ukrainian Product/service of interest: Weekly, Subscription Department, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1995 No. 2

In 1993, The David T. Houston Co. Real estate exec... was responsible for office and industrial PREVIEW OF EVENTS (Continued from page 4) transactions involving nearly 3 million square feet with an aggregate value of Twin Rivers. Saturday, January 14 at 2 p.m. Tickets, at $10, are on sale at the more than $130 million. Bailey Concert Hall Box Office, (305) 475- Mr. Kendall agreed with his broker that MAPLE WOOD, N.J.: The Ukrainian 6884, or at Ticket Master, (305) 358-5885. his Mercer County building would play The David T. Houston Co. is one of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Ascension oldest and largest commercial real estate invites the public to its traditional malanka Saturday, January 21 perfect host as supply depot for the worthy mission and urged Houston/Colliers firms in New Jersey. Houston is part of to be held in the church hall, 650 Irvington Colliers International, one of the largest Ave., starting at 3 p.m. Dancing will be to YARDVBLLE, NJ.: St. George Ukrainian International to put out the welcome mat. music by Stan Kosiv. A donation of $15 Orthodox Church invites the pubUc to its tra­ "The Ukrainian American Veterans," commercial real estate organizations in ditional malanka, which will be held in the per person includes hot and cold buffet, Mr. Clark declared, "were able to com­ the world, with offices throughout the church hall, 839 Yardville-Allentown Road, home-made dishes and a cash bar. plete this good-will venture with the help United States, Europe and the Pacific starting at 9 p.m. Music will be provided by Basin. The David T. Houston Co. has IRVINGTON, N.J.: The Ukrainian Fata Morgana. Admission (price includes of this excellent base of operations given Community Center jointly with the SUM- buffet): $20, adults; $10, students. For addi­ freely by the goodness of a real gentle­ offices in Bloomfield, Piscataway and A Oseredok are sponsoring a traditional tional information call the Rev. John man and humanitarian." Parsippany, NJ. malanka to be held at the Ukrainian Fatanko, (609) 585-1774. Mr. Kendall waived any rent require­ Community Center, 140 Prospect Ave., ments for the use of his modern, fully- starting at 8 p.m. There will be a hot buf­ BOSTON: The Ukrainian American Youth Association invites the community to a New outfitted building. Mr. Clark and the Folklore archive... fet, an open bar at 8-9 p.m., and noisemak- David T. Houston Company also acted ers at midnight. To reserve tickets call Year's Eve dance/malanka, with music by (Continued from page 4) (201) 372-9856 or (201) 375-0156. Vodohray, to be held at the St. Andrew without monetary compensation. "We're Ukrainian Orthodox Church Hall, 24 glad to have played a part in this 1994 the archive include the hiring of an PHILADELPHIA: Malanka celebrations Orchard Hill Road, Jamaica Plain, starting at international endeavor," said David T. archivist-secretary. at Ulana's Club, 205 Bainbridge, "Let's 8 p.m. Tickets: $20, adults; $5, children age Houston Jr., president of David T. The Ukrainian Folklore Program rep­ Do it Again — Staryi Novyi Rik," will 15 years and under. For tickets, information Houston Co./Colliers International. resents only one of many subjects start at 9 p.m. There will be party favors, and table reservations call Julianne offered in the department of Slavics at dancing and free champagne at midnight; This first shipment is now in use in Galonzka, (508) 668-4470, or Romanna the University of Alberta. Students also no cover. For information call (215) 922- Michajliw, (617) 323-6253. Ukraine, and the veteran's group has future 4152. plans for additional shipments. Anyone learn the Ukrainian language, linguistics, DENVER: The Ukrainian National interested may contact the international literature and East European studies. Sunday, January 15 Women's League of America is hosting a director of the Ukrainian American The University of Alberta also boasts DAVIE, FLa.: The third annual concert spon­ malanka at the Greek Orthodox Veterans, Borys Gulay, at (609) 585-6208. the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian sored by the Ukrainian-American Club of Community Center, 4610 E. Alameda Director Gulay announced happily that Studies, a strong Ukrainian focus in the Miami — "A Ukrainian Montage," will fea­ Ave., 8 p.m.-2 a.m. Evening attire. Tickets six, 40-foot container loads of vital sup­ department of history and classics, sup­ ture the Ukrainian Dancers of Miami, ban- in advance: $15, adults; $10, students. The plies and equipment were shipped, and port for Ukrainian bilingual schools and durist Yarko Antonevych, the Trio evening will feature a guest appearance by Maksymowich and the instrumental duo the Postoley Ukrainian folk dance ensem­ the major recipients, he added, were a a very strong Ukrainian collection in the Myroslav Holodynskiy and Andriy Pidkivka ble from Boulder, Colo. For information 600-bed children's hospital, a 1,600-bed library system. With all these Ukrainian of Ukraine. The conceit will be held at Bailey and table reservations call Marta Arnold, regional adult hospital and an 800-unit studies facilities on one campus, the Concert Hall, Broward Community College (303) 733-4753, or Inya Saldyt, (303) 433- trauma center where the supplies were University of Alberta is the largest center Central Campus, 3501 Davie Road, starting 4039. "desperately needed." of Ukrainian studies in North America.

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