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Geology of Southwestern North Park and Vicinity Colorado

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Geology of Southwestern North Park and Vicinity Colorado Geology of Southwestern North Park and Vicinity Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1257 Geology of Southwestern North Park and Vicinity / Colorado By WILLIAM J. HAIL, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1257 A study of the areal geology of parts of the North and Middle Park basins, Jackson and Grand Counties, Colorado RECEIVED FEB 71969 u,u. touisviuE. w. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. GS 68-345 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.G. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract.______-------___--__-___-----_---.__--..____--_____-_____ 1 Introduction- _____________________________________________________ 3 Geography._ __.-_.____-._________--___---__-_-_._____..___.____.. 5 Crystalline rocks Precambrian_____________________________________ 6 Metamorphic rocks-------_-_-_----_-----_._--_-_--_______.____ 6 Instrusive quartz monzonite.___________________________________ 6 Sedimentary rocks._-_-_-_____-____--__-----_______________________ 7 Permian and Triassic Systems._______--_____-_-______-_-_-_____ 9 Chugwater Formation____________________________________ 9 Jurassic System.________--___---_--_--_--_-___--______-_______ 11 Sundance Formation_--_--_-----_-------__--_--_____----_-_ 11 Morrison Formation.______--___---_--_-__-_--___________._ 14 Cretaceous System.____________________________________________ 17 Dakota Sandstone.________________________________________ 17 Lower member._______________________________________ 19 Upper member..__.__--___.____.___.___________-.___._ 19 Benton Shale_--____--____--------_-_--___._-________---__ 26 Niobrara Formation.____________._______ __________________ 35 Pierre Shale-----_--_--------_------,----.-___..__._____.__ 36 Tertiary System_____________________________________________ 40 Paleocene and Eocene Series.______---__-__________-__.__..__ 40 Coalmont Formation_________________________________ 40 Miocene Series._-____-____--------__-_--__-_--________--_- 49 North Park Formation.-__-__-_____-_____--_______-____ 49 Igneous rocks Tertiary.__________________________________________ 50 Rabbit Ears Volcanics and younger extrusive rocks________________ 58 Breccia.____---_____-____--___---__-__-_.___________-_-__ 58 Rhyodacite.______________-_____-_______l_________________ 63 Volcanic ash._____________________________________________ 63 Quartz latite tuff________.__-__-_--____--____--_______-_--_ 64 Latite_ -__-________-_____---___-_--_--_____-____.__----_ 64 Trachyandesite. __________________________________________ 64 Trachybasalt.. ___________--____--__----__-__-_____-_----_ 67 Intrusive rocks.______________--__--_______-_-___-_-_--___---- 68 Rhyolite.-_----__________--__-_-_____--___--_________---- 68 Quartzlatite._-____-______--____--____--__--__-___-___---- 70 Trachyte-_--_--___________-_____-_________-_-__-__-__-___ 73 Latite-__-___---________---_____-____-___-_--____--_----- 74 Trachyandesite- __________________________________________ 76 Trachybasalt-_-____-....__-____-___-_-_____-___-_-.__---- 79 Basanite.____-_.___-__________-__-__________-_______----- 83 Age and correlation.._-________--_____-____--_____-__--___----- 84 ni IV CONTENTS Page Surficial deposits Quaternary.__._.________.._.._-__.______._______ 85 Pleistocene Series._________-______----_-____--_____-___-___-__ 85 Drift of glaciation l______----__--__--________-_-__--______ 85 Older terrace gravels.______________________________________ 85 Glacial tiU(?)._ .._........._.___..-__.__.-_...._....__ 87 Pediment gravels._____________-_--_-____-___.----______-__ 87 Stream terrace deposits.___________________________________ 87 Till of glaciation 2 and related gravels-______________________ 88 Till of glaciation 3 and related gravels________.--__---._-__ 90 Block slides -------------------------------------------. 92 Pleistocene and Recent Series, undifferentiated.______--__-.,_______ 95 Landslides and colluvium___________________________________ 95 Recent Series._____-____-____-______--_---_-_---__---_--___-__ 96 Alluvium---.---.-----------.-------.__---___---.-_---..-- 96 Structure.._ ________-_--_-__--__----_----__----__-___----_-.._____ 96 Folds andfaults-___--__---__-____-----.--__.___-_---__---_____ 96 Northeastern part of the area.______________________________ 96 Beaver Creek area_____-_____-_---_-_--_----_---__________ 99 Muddy Pass area__-____--___-_-__---________--___-______ 100 Southwestern part of the area..__-____-________---_______-__ 100 South-central part of the area._--_-__-______-__-_______-____ 101 Southeastern part of the area.__-_____-___--___-_-__-_-_____ 102 Age of deformation._-_____-__---____--__-___-____-___.______._ 102 Economic geology.________________________________________________ 104 Coal-_--------_---_------_--------------_----_---__---_---_ 104 Manganese _____-__-____--___-____-____-___._-___.__._________ 110 Gravel..--...-.--------_--.-_-.-. ............................ 110 Oil and gas.__________________________________________________ Ill Uranium.____________________________________________________ 112 Other minerals._______________________________________________ 113 References cited___.______.________._ _____________.._________.._ 113 -_-_-----_---___-_-__.____________________________________ 117 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Geologic map and section of the Teal Lake and Coalmont quad­ rangles. 2. Geologic map and section of the Rabbit Ears Peak and Spicer Peak quadrangles. 3. Geologic map and section of the Lake Agnes and Whiteley Peak quadrangles. FIGURE 1. Index map______-___-----_---__-_____-_____-.-_-___ 4 2. Columnar measured sections of the Dakota Sandstone.____ 18 3-6. Photographs showing 3. Upper part of Benton Shale.____________________ 28 4. Contact between middle and upper members of the Coalmont Formation.________________________ 41 5. Tuff, breccia, and volcanic conglomerate in Rabbit Ears Volcanics_______________________________ 6. Trachybasalt intrusive near White Slide Mountain. _ 7. Index map showing faults and folds____-__________-_-_-_ 8. Photograph showing Riach coal bed near Coalmont__----_ 105 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Generalized section of pre-Quaternary sedimentary rocks. 8 2. Sample localities of Tertiary igneous rocks.____-___--__. 51 3. Chemical analyses of Tertiary igneous rocks.___________ 54 4. Normative minerals in Tertiary igneous rocks._____..__. 56 GEOLOGY OF SOUTHWESTERN NORTH PARK AND VICINITY, COLORADO By WILLIAM J. HAIL, JR. ABSTRACT iThe area of this report occupies 340 square miles in southwestern North Park and northwestern Middle Park, Jackson and Grand Counties, Colo. North and Middle Parks are topographic basins and together form a single structural basin. The mapped area lies along the east flank of the north-trending Park Range and includes the west end of the west-trending Rabbit Bars Range. The Continental Divide roughly follows the crestline of the Rabbit Ears Range and separates Atlantic Ocean drainage north of the range from Pacific Ocean drain­ age to the south. Elevations range from 7,670 feet at Muddy Creek in the south to just above 11,000 feet along the crest of the Rabbit Ears Range in the east. The topography consists of lowlands in the northeast and south and low moun­ tainous or hilly ground elsewhere. The climate is cool and semiarid to moderately moist. 'Stock raising and timber cutting are the principal industries. flPrecambrian crystalline rocks include an older unit of quartz monzonite gneiss and a younger intrusive unit of quartz monzonite. The gneiss underlies only a small area in the northwest where it consists of a fine-grained layered to mas­ sive pink or red to yellowish-gray rock cut by sparse pegmatite. The intrusive quartz monzonite comprises most of the Precambrian rocks and is a pink, red, or orange coarse-grained rock that consists of quartz (29 percent), plagioclase (30 percent), alkalic feldspar (34 percent), biotite (5 percent), and minor acces­ sory minerals. The sedimentary rock sequence ranges in age from Permian to Quaternary. The maximum thickness of pre-Quaternary sedimentary rocks is about 16,000 feet. The oldest formation is the Ohugwater Formation of Permian and Triassic age and consists of interbedded red siltstone, sandstone, and shale. The Sundance Formation of Late Jurassic age ranges in thickness from 93 to 224 feet, and unconformably overlies the Ohugwater. It consists of a lower member of fine-grained light-gray to pink sandstone, and an upper member of calcareous marine shale and siltstone, and locally of glauconitic sandstone. The Morrison Formation of Late Jurassic age conformably overlies the 'Sun- dance, and ranges in thickness from i340 to 500 feet. In the lower part it con­ sists mostly of nonmarine varicolored claystone and gray to brown calcareous sandstone and in the upper part mostly of gray to green claystone. The Dakota 'Sandstone of Early Cretaceous age overlies, in part unconform­ ably, the Morrison Formation. It ranges in thickness from about 100 to 200 feet. The lower of its two members consists of nonmarine siltstone, claystone, sand­ stone, and conglomerate. The upper member consists of gray to black claystone 2 GEOLOGY, SOUTHWESTERN NORTH PARK, COLO., AND VICINITY and shale, gray to brown sandstone, and siltstone. The Dakota generally forms a resistant hogback. Conformably overlying the Dakota is the Benton Shale of Early and Late Cretaceous
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