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Atmospheric Plasma Overcomes Seed Dormancy in Pityrocarpa Moniliformis (Benth) Luckow & R.W

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Atmospheric Plasma Overcomes Seed Dormancy in Pityrocarpa Moniliformis (Benth) Luckow & R.W Nº 073 Atmospheric plasma overcomes seed dormancy in Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth) Luckow & R.W. Jobson JOSEFA PATRÍCIA BALDUINO NICOLAU Macaíba/RN July of 2020 JOSEFA PATRÍCIA BALDUINO NICOLAU Atmospheric plasma overcomes seed dormancy in Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson Dissertation presented to Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte to obtain the degree of Master in Forest Science (Area of Concentration in Forest Sciences - Research Line: Seeds, Propagation and Physiology of Forest Species). Advisor: Prof. Dra. Poliana Coqueiro Dias Co-Advisor: Prof. Dr. Márcio Dias Pereira Macaíba/RN July of 2020 ii iii Atmospheric plasma overcomes seed dormancy in Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson Josefa Patrícia Balduino Nicolau Dissertation presented to Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte to obtain the degree of Master in Forest Science (Area of Concentration in Forest Sciences - Research Line: Seeds, Propagation and Physiology of Forest Species) and approved by the examining board on July 24, 2020. Macaíba/RN July of 2020 iv To my family and my fiance for the support and encouragement during this trajectory. DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS __________________________________________________________________________ Appreciate To my God, for his immense love and care, for all the protection and strength given at all times, especially in times of difficulty. My greatest supporter and friend, Lúcia Aparecida, for believing in me and never letting me give up, you without a doubt are my greatest example. To the groom, Alex Dantas Farias, for all the help and companionship, thank you for embarking with me on this new journey, for every incentive, for always being willing to accompany me, for spending hours waiting for me on school days, for always calming down with each new one. challenge, you made everything easier and more fun. To my advisor Márcio Dias Pereira, for all the welcome, and above all for having believed in my potential. You are inspiration, as a professional and as a human being. Thank you for all your help so far, without your valuable contributions this work could not be developed. The teacher Dinnara Layza Sousa da Silva, for the co-guidance and help to carry out this work. He was present at all stages, did not go to great lengths to make this work possible, always accessible and ready to help. To the teachers, Riselane de Lucena, Charline Zaratin and Alek Dutra, for generously composing the examining board and contributing to this work. André Medeiros for all his help with analysis, tips and partnership, his contributions were valuable. To Labplasma, in particular to the Victorian Jussier who was always available to help with the various applications. To friends, Francisco Eudes, Bruno Guirra, Janikely Buriti, Jaynne Karine, Jéssica Sabrina and Gean Carlos for all their help and companionship. You were essential, this partnership will obviously go beyond UFRN. To the Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, for the opportunity and for all the learning. vi This work was carried out with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001Finally, to everyone who believed in my potential and pushed me along the way vii GENERAL ABSTRACT __________________________________________________________________________ Atmospheric plasma overcomes seed dormancy in Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson Plasma technology consists of a fast, clean method with great potential for use in agriculture and forestry, especially in modifying the cutaneous surface of dormant seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying atmospheric cold plasma onto Pityrocarpa moniliformis seeds, verifying its implications on the seed coat permeability, as well as its germination and vigor. The seeds were submitted to atmospheric cold plasma for 1.5; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 minutes, using seeds without any treatment as the control. After application, the integument’s wettability, imbibition curve and electrical conductivity of the imbibition solution were determined. The seeds were also submitted to the germination test which determined their viability, median, uniformity and asymmetry. The germination speed index, the first germination count and the seedling length were concomitantly evaluated with the germination test. The seeds subjected to plasma for 4.0 and 5.0 minutes had the smallest apparent contact angles of 64 and 61º, respectively, characterizing greater wettability of the integument among the tested treatments. The highest imbibition rate and solute release was observed in seeds treated by 0.5; 1.5 and 4.0 minutes. The plasma provided an increase in germination and seed vigor in all tested treatments when compared with the control. The use of atmospheric plasma applied to Pityrocarpa moniliformis seeds proved to be efficient as a method to overcome integumentary dormancy, increasing the integument’s wettability and improving the germination percentage and vigor Key words: Forest seeds, cutaneous dormancy, wettability, cold plasma. viii RESUMO GERAL __________________________________________________________________________ Plasma atmosférico supera a dormência de sementes de Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson A tecnologia do plasma consiste em um método rápido, limpo e com grande potencial de uso na agricultura, em especial na modificação da superfície tegumentar de sementes dormentes. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da aplicação do plasma frio atmosférico em sementes de Pityrocarpa moniliformis, verificando suas implicações sobre a permeabilidade do tegumento, a germinação e o vigor. As sementes foram submetidas ao plasma frio atmosférico por 1,5; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 minutos, utilizando-se como controle, sementes sem nenhum tratamento. Após aplicação, determinou-se a molhabilidade do tegumento, a curva de embebição e a condutividade elétrica da solução de embebição. As sementes também foram submetidas ao teste de germinação, a partir do qual determinou-se a viabilidade, mediana, uniformidade e assimetria. Concomitante ao teste de germinação avaliou-se o índice de velocidade de germinação, a primeira contagem de germinação e o comprimento de plântulas. As sementes submetidas ao plasma por 4,0 e 5,0 minutos apresentaram os menores ângulos de contato aparente, 64º e 61º, respectivamente, caracterizando maior molhabilidade do tegumento, entre os tratamentos testados. A maior taxa de embebição e liberação de solutos foram observadas nas sementes tratadas por 0,5; 1,5 e 4 minutos. O plasma proporcionou incremento na germinação e no vigor das sementes em todos os tratamentos testados, quando comparados com o controle. O uso do plasma atmosférico, aplicado em sementes da espécie em estudo, mostrou-se eficiente como método de superação da dormência tegumentar, aumentando a molhabilidade do tegumento e melhorando o percentual de germinação e o vigor. Palavras-chave: sementes florestais, dormência tegumentar, molhabilidade, plasma frio. ix SUMMARY __________________________________________________________________________ Página 1.GENERAL INTRODUCTiON ........................................................................................ 1 2.GENERAL OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................... 4 3. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 6 3.1.1. The studied species .......................................................................................... 6 3.1.2.Seed dormancy ................................................................................................. 7 3.1.3. Integumentary dormancy .................................................................................. 8 3.1.4. Methods for overcoming dormancy ................................................................... 8 3.1.5. Plasma ............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.6. The use of plasma and its potential in agriculture. .......................................... 11 3.1.7. Plasma application to evercome seed dormancy. ........................................... 12 3.1.8. Factors which interfere with plasma efficiency. ............................................... 13 4. MATERIAL AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 15 4.1. Seed procurement and processing .................................................................... 15 4.2. Plasma application ............................................................................................ 15 4.3. Determination of wettability ................................................................................ 16 4.4. Water absorption and electrical conductivity curve ............................................. 16 4.4.1. Germination test ............................................................................................. 17 4.4.2. Seedling length ............................................................................................... 18 4.4.3. Study design and statistical analysis ............................................................... 18 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................
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