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Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon

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Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon DOCUMENT RESUME ED 463 188 SO 032 433 AUTHOR Percoco, James A. TITLE Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon. Teaching with Historic Places. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. National Register of Historic Places. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 35p. AVAILABLE FROM Teaching with Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Suite NC400, Washington, DC 20240. For full text: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/48GAUDENS/48GAU DENS.htm. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Artists; Elementary Secondary Education; Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; Primary Sources; *Sculpture; Social Studies; Student Educational Objectives; United States History IDENTIFIERS Gilded Age; Memorials; National Register of Historic Places; New Hampshire; Nineteenth Century; *Saint Gaudens (Augustus) ABSTRACT Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907) was a renowned 19th-century U.S. sculptor whose artistic training and talent ensured his place in Gilded Age society. In 1885, he was drawn to Cornish, New Hampshire, to find a place where he could model his latest commission, a statue of Abraham Lincoln. He and his wife established a summer home and studio in an old rundown tavern, and it was here that he conceived a host of projects. He chose to be buried at the Cornish site. This lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site" and other sources. The lesson plan focuses on patron-commissioned bas-reliefs, the enigmatic Adams Memorial, and the gold coins created by the artist. It can be used to teach units on the Gilded Age or the role of art and artists in society. The lesson is divided into six teaching activities sections: "Setting the Stage: Historical Context"; "Locating the Site: Maps" (Cornish, New Hampshire and Surrounding Region; Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site); "Determining the Facts: Readings" (Who Was Augustus Saint-Gaudens?; Arrival at Cornish; Cornish Colony; Henry Adams' Reflection on the Adams Memorial; Letter to the President); "Visual Evidence: Images" (Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site; Aspet, Past and Present; Adams Memorial; Samuel G. Ward; Coin Models); "Putting It All Together: Activities" (Artist and Client; Coins, Coins, Coins; Meet the Cornish Colony; Exploring the Artist's World; Local Wonders); and "Supplementary Resources." (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Teaching with Historic Places Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon Teaching with Historic Places National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 1849 C. Street, N.W., Suite NC400 Washington, D.C. 20240 http://www.cr.nps.govInthwhphAnAnNIPs/lessons/48GAUDENSI48GAUDENS.htm 2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Irnprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Thisdocument has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to 2 improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent B.MU O1Y AVA \ official OERI position or policy. Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon Augustus Saint-Gaudens had been told that this region of western New Hampshire along the banks of the Connecticut River was the "land of I Lincoln-shaped men." That description drew him to LIU Li Cornish, New Hampshire, in :111,S ill 1885 to find a place where he 11 could model his latest commission, a statue of Abraham Lincoln. Seeking only (Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site) a temporary residence and studio, Saint-Gaudens and his wife, Augusta, were directed to an old rundown tavern. Saint-Gaudens was initially appalled by the place, but his wife saw possibilities. Before long the family established a summer home and studio there. Here in the shadow of nearby Mt. Ascutney, Saint-Gaudens conceived a host of projects. Here he became the leader of the art colony and community that grew around him. And it was here that he battled cancer and sought release and health through vigorous physical activity. In the end, after having operated at the height of his career four studiosone in Paris, two in New York City, and the Cornish sitehe would choose to be buried here. Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site is a window into one aspect of the Gilded Age: the role of the artist. The house and grounds reflect what was important to "highbrow" Americans at the turn of the century. For example, the importance of leisure is evident in the gardens and grounds adjoining the Pan Pool and the remnants of the small golf course the artist had built. Not surprisingly, money was another important component of Gilded Age America. Saint-Gaudens was a man who enjoyed the finer things in life and was not necessarily modest in his habits. Although he is known primarily for his 35 public monuments erected across the United States between 1880 and 1907, the vast majority of Saint-Gaudens' works were bas-relief portraits commissioned by private clients. This lesson is based on Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, one of the thousands of properties and districts listed in the National Register of Historic Places. 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS About This Lesson Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Maps 1. Cornish, New Hampshire and Surrounding Region 2. Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site Determining the Facts: Readings 1. Who Was Augustus Saint-Gaudens? 2. Arrival at Cornish 3. The Cornish Colony 4. Henry Adams' Reflection on the Adams Memorial 5. Letter to the President Visual Evidence: Images 1. 1. Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site 2. Aspet, past and present 3. Adams Memorial 4. Samuel G. Ward 5. Coin models Putting It All Together: Activities 1. Artist and Client 2. Coins, Coins, Coins 3. Meet the Cornish Colony 4. Exploring the Artist's World 5. Local Wonders Supplementary Resources 4 5 About This Lesson The lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site," The Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and The Work of Augustus Saint-Gaudens. It was written by James A. Percoco, a social studies teacher at West Springfield High School in Virginia. The lesson was edited by the Teaching with Historic Places staff. Where it fits into the curriculum Topics: This lesson plan focuses on patron-commissioned bas-reliefs, the enigmatic Adams Memorial, and the gold coins created by Saint-Gaudens. It can be used to teach units on the Gilded Age or the role of art and artists in society. Time period: Late 19th century Objectives for students 1) To identify stages in Saint-Gaudens' training and career that established him as the leading American sculptor of the 19th century. 2) To examine how the life, home, and studio of an important American artist reflected traits and values of the Gilded Age in America. 3) To explain the difference between sculpture-in-the-round and bas-relief sculpture. 4) To describe how the growth of the Cornish Art Colony reflected the role of the arts in society. 5) To engage students in looking at their own community for evidence of the visual arts. Materials for students The materials listed below either can be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. 1) two maps of the site and surrounding region; 5 6 2) five readings on Saint-Gaudens' life and work; 3) one drawing of Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site; 4) six photos of the site and some of Saint-Gaudens' works. Visiting the site Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, administered by the National Park Service, is located on New Hampshire State Route 12-A in Cornish, New Hampshire. It is 9 miles north of Claremont, New Hampshire, 18 miles south of Hanover, New Hampshire, and 2 miles north of Windsor, Vermont. The site may be reached via the West Lebanon, New Hampshire, exit on U.S. Interstate 89 or the Ascutney or Hartland, Vermont, exits on U.S. Interstate 91. The park is open May through October. For more information, contact the Superintendent, Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, R.R. 2, Cornish, NH 03745, or visit the park's Web pages at http://www.nps.gov/saga/ 6 7 Getting Started Inquiry Question What do you think this sculpture represents? 7 8 Setting the Stage Some of the leading characteristics of the Gilded Age included growing industrialization, entrepreneurial optimism, Social Darwinism, and materialism. Importance was placed on personal wealth and the ability to live in high style. Patronagethe support of artists through major commissions and wealthy clientswhile not new, was an important aspect of the Gilded Age. The arts of the Gilded Age reflected a changing and emerging nation on the world scene. The creation of public monuments, great and lavish public spaces, and splendidly decorated homes that looked more like palaces demonstrated the growing belief among many Americans that the United States was the heir to the great cultural traditions of Europe. The cultural aspects of the Gilded Age sometimes are referred to as the "American Renaissance." According to architectural historian Richard Guy Wilson, "the artist played a leading role. He could provide a setting of leisured elegance bearing the patina of class and taste for people who were frequently one generation removed from overalls and shovel. Fittingly, the artist designed the currency of capitalismAugustus Saint-Gaudens did the ten and twenty dollar gold pieces. The artist did not play the avant-garde role, rebelling against society and the inequalities of wealth. Rather he became part of the elite...."' Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907), renowned 19th-century American sculptor, was a member of this elite.
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