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The Brigade Dispatch 2 XXXVIII No The Brigade Dispatch Journal Of The Brigade Of The American Revolution Vol. XXXVIII, No. 4 Winter, 2008 THE BRIGADE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION NATIONAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS Global Implications of the Peace of PRESIDENT PAST PRESIDENT Paris, 3 September 1783 Jack Rogers Peter Schaaphok VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY Robert Selig …..……………….2 Eugene Frechette Richard D. Jenkins INSPECTOR GENERAL TREASURER Paul Ackermann Paul Arendacs Wrecked in a Thousand Pieces: BOARD MEMBERS AT LARGE Cathleen Crown Amelia McCoy Steve The loss of the Transport Ship Otlowski Vivian Lea Stevens Bob Winowitch Martha, 1783. Todd W. Braisted NORTHWEST DEPARTMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS ….………………29 PRESIDENT PAST PRESIDENT Robert Cairns Jack Rogers VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY FEATURES David Miller Robert Kashary TREASURER INSPECTOR William Dibbern Ronald Poppe Notes & Queries BOARD MEMBERS AT LARGE Jay Eben Mary Jo Lucas Norman Kurt Ayers Karl Johnson Fuss………………....38 Bob SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS Winowitch………………..39 PRESIDENT PAST PRESIDENT Todd Post Chris Hughes Run Away from the VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY Gregory Ehrmann W. Scott Smith Subscriber…….40 TREASURER INSPECTOR Walter A. Vanderbeek Jay Callaham BOARD MEMBERS AT LARGE ───────────────────── Todd Dickinson Howard Helmer © 2007 The Brigade of the American Revolution Charles Phillips Press, The Brigade of the American Revolution. FAR WESTERN REGION COORDINATOR David Weidner All rights reserved including the right to reproduce this Journal in any form whatsoever. MARITIMES REGION COORDINATOR Owen Hamlin PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ISSN 1534-1690 Address all editorial correspondence and materials for publication to the Editor, Norman Desmarais 467 River Rd., Lincoln, RI 02865 (Email: [email protected]) Address all general correspondence and inquiries about subscription and distribution to the Adjutant, Brigade of the American Revolution, 50 Bolt Ln., Milford CT 06461-2001. Phone: 888-GO REV WAR The Brigade of the American Revolution on the World Wide Web: http://www.brigade.org Global Implications of the Peace of Paris, 3 September 1783 Robert A. Selig Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment On 3 September 1783, John articles dealt with fishing rights off the Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay, coast of Newfoundland,4 restitution of representing the United States, and David slaves,5 etc. The document does not Hartley, a member of the British mention any other nation except Great Parliament representing King George III, Britain and the United States.6 This makes signed a treaty of peace between the one wonder whether this war had not United States of America and the British indeed been the "family affair" Francis crown at the Hotel de York, now 56 Rue Bailey described in this anecdote in the Jacob, in Paris.1 Article 1 declared that Wednesday, 29 October 1781, issue of The "His Britannic Majesty acknowledges the Freeman's Journal: or, the North said United States, viz. New Hampshire, American Intelligencer published in Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Philadelphia: Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, At the breaking out of the Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North present war with the French, Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to and their joining the be free Sovereign and independent States; Americans, Sir Joseph Yorke That he treats with them as such; And for meeting the French himself, his Heirs and Successors, ambassador at the Hague, relinquishes all Claims to the Government, censured his [i.e., the French] Propriety, and territorial Rights of the court for interfering in the same, and every part thereof." That same dispute, and taking so day, Britain signed separate agreements ungenerous a part; "you have with France and Spain, thereby ending been guilty of a dishonourable what had been a world-wide war. act, says he, that is Preliminaries of Peace with the unpardonable, no less than that Netherlands had been signed the previous of debauching our daughter." day, 2 September 1783, though a final "I am sorry," replies the peace treaty with the Netherlands had to French ambassador, "that your wait until 20 May 1784.2 excellency should put such a This, the first of ten articles of the severe construction on the peace treaty between the United States and matter; she made the first Britain, is the one that is of the most advances, and absolutely threw interest to Americans, since it gave the herself into our arms; but American rebels or patriots, depending rather than forfeit your on your political persuasion what they friendship, if matrimony will had fought for: independence and the right make any atonement, we are to pursue their own happiness within their ready to act honourably and own country. Article 2 defined the marry her. boundaries of that country3 while the other The Brigade Dispatch 2 XXXVIII No. 4. Winter, 2008 Like all good anecdotes, this one except for Americans, in 1783. That has more than a grain of truth in it. includes Great Britain, for which the Columbia, i.e., the United States, was, and, independence of her colonies eventually in many ways, still is Britannia's daughter, became probably the least significant issue even if she has out-grown the mother. And of the war as well. though she did indeed throw herself at The war and the peace that ended France, France knew quite well why she it was a means to an end for all nations did what she did and what she wanted to involved. This means that we need to go get out of the marriage.7 back a bit in time from our vantage point When seen within this context of of September 1783 and look at why these eighteenth-century international relations, nations decided to join the Americans, diplomacy and the balance of powers this directly in the case of France, indirectly in means that, between the shots fired at the case of Spain and the Netherlands, in Lexington and Concord on 19 April 1775, their struggle against King George III. In the shots "heard around the world", and the doing so, we can leave the Americans treaties signed in Paris in September 1783, aside for the moment. No one believes any Sir Joseph York's family quarrel had more that the main purpose of the uprising become a world-wide affair and that the of the colonists was to rid themselves of a treaty between Great Britain and the tyrannical and cruel British colonial United States was but one in a series of regime. This is simply not true, or at least treaties that established peace between not the whole truth. For the most part, the Great Britain and France, Spain and the inhabitants of the colonies took pride in Netherlands as well all countries who calling themselves Englishmen and had tried to use the family quarrel to settle enjoyed rights and privileges that would their own long-standing scores with have been exceptional anywhere else in the Britain.8 It places the war within the 18th -century world. They wanted to be broader chronological and geographical masters in their own house, and, context of a global, yet Europe-centered, metaphorically speaking, their War of Anglo-French-Spanish-Dutch rivalry that Independence was their process of had started in the late 16th century constructing and furnishing their house (Armada, 1588) in the case of Spain, along a plan laid out in 1776 in the expanded in the 17th century with the First Declaration of Independence and Anglo-Dutch War of 1652-1654 to include completed in the Constitution. the Netherlands, and became a Franco- The alliance which France and the English affair as well with the War of the United States had entered into in February League of Augsburg (1688-1697 or King 1778 was an alliance born of mutual William's War). It shows this war as interests rather than of shared values: King another episode in a political, economic Louis XVI did not support the colonies in and military game of checkers that would their rebellion because he was a freedom- continue for decades until Napoleon's loving republican. In fact, the King had defeat at Waterloo in 1815. told his Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, Seen within this broader context, it comte de Vergennes in March 1776, how should come as no surprise that the fate much he "disliked the precedent of one and future of the newly created United monarchy giving support to a republican States of America was only of secondary insurrection against a legitimate importance for most contemporaries, monarchy.”9 French policy was guided, The Brigade Dispatch 3 XXXVIII No. 4. Winter, 2008 rather, by a set of long-standing principles argued that, once detached from her of international relations which determined American colonies, Britain would not only her position during peace negotiations in focus her attention again on Europe but 1783 as well. also assist France in her policy of The French world-view was containment of Tsarist Russia through Europe-centered; and the most important strengthening the Baltic States, Poland, principle of her foreign policy postulated Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. that peace in Europe, and, by implication, Vergennes, like many French statesmen also around the globe, was best preserved before and after him, wanted Britain to by a more or less equitable balance of the look “East” rather than “West”.14 great powers which the (First) Peace of Conversely France did not want to Paris of 1763 had altered in favor of replace Britain as the major colonial power Britain. France's chief ministers from in America or around the globe. She César Gabriel de Choiseul-Chevigny, duc wanted to regain some of the territories lost de Praslin (Foreign Minister 1761-1766) in 1763, primarily in the Caribbean and in onward were convinced that the most India. She had no interest in regaining effective way to restore that equilibrium those "quelques arpents de neige," those was to deprive Britain of her American "few acres of snow" as Voltaire had colonies, not so much because these derisively called Canada.
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