Final Assessment Report on the Proposed Karamoja Region Skills Development Project

“SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SKILLING STRATEGY (UGA160330T)”, November Edition 2016©

Prepared and Produced By: Bachu Mubarak [email protected]

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Acknowledgements The author of this report would like to express appreciation to all persons who have contributed towards the successful completion of the study and finally generating this report. We want to applaud the voices below as: They said it!

We are grateful to the Local Governments of, Abim, Amudat, , and , Moroto and of Karamoja and its various departments particularly the chief Administrative Officers for their contribution towards the successful completion of the study.

The author of this report is grateful to Principals, Deputy Principals, Instructors and trainees of Abim Technical Institute, Kotido Technical Institute, Kaabong Technical Institute, Moroto Technical Institute, and St. Daniel Comboni, Nakapiripirit Technical Institute who provided valuable information. We acknowledge with thanks the discussion held with ADP and C&D, as the leading organisations in providing the non-formal training in the Karamoja region.

The study benefited from discussions held with various private sector companies and individuals in the Karamoja region, we want to particularly thank Mr Jimmy Lomakol the CEO of Karamoja Private Sector Development Centre for the guidance provided during the study period.

The author of this report would like to appreciate the support provided by BTC Country Representative before and during the field-work, and sent in back-up support team that was very resourceful led by Ralph Rothe the International Sector Expert and the BTC Program Officer Rose Athieno.

My special thanks to Mr. Niels DE-Block the BTC Formulation Manager, Mr. Thierry Foubert the BTC International Sector Expert in TVET who joined me in the field and gave their time for focused and intense discussions, extensive reviews and guidance. The report also benefited from discussions at various fora including the meeting held at BTC office 29/02/2016, Meeting held at Irish Aid- 02/03/2016, Meeting held at Moroto Hotel 23/03/2016 and the meeting of the 14th March held with various actors in Karamoja working group in Moroto.

Last but not least we thank the Irish team both from head-office and in the field for all support and guidance provided to all the 3 teams during the study period in Karamoja region. Finally I want to express my sincere thanks to the Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC) – Uganda for having put trust in me to conduct this assignment and all support given is whole heartedly valued.

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Table of Contents. i Acknowledgement. 2 ii Table of Content. 3 iii List of figures. 4 iv List of Tables. 5 v List of Pictures. 6 vi Acronyms. 7 vii Executive Summary. 9 1.0 Background to the assignment. 11 2.0 Methodology and Research Design. 13 3.0 Comprehensive Problem and Situation Analysis of Karamoja 14 Region. 4.0 Over View of District Economic Potential. 21 5.0 Gender Dimensions in Karamoja Region. 32 6.0 Education in General. 34 7.0 Sectors with potential for Growth in the Karamoja Region. 39 8.0 Key Emerging Issues for the labour Market Demands. 46 9.0 BTVET in Karamoja Regional Perspective: “skills provision” in the 48 intervention area. 10.0 Selection Criteria. 58 11.0 Insertion into the Markets 60 12.0 Conclusions. 60 13.0 Recommendations for Project Formulation. 60 Appendices: 61 Term of Reference. Labour market Survey Tool. Skills Supply Survey Tool. List of key informants.

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List of figures.

Figure 1: Showing Assessment Conceptual Framework. 12

Figure 2: Showing Karamoja Livelihood activities compared to National Average. 15

Figure 3: Showing the Four Most Important Sectors considered in . 21

Figure 4:Shows Economic Activities the local people of Amudat are involved in. 22

Figure 5: Showing Main Livelihood Activities. 23

Figure 6: Showing Main Livelihood Activities. 25

Figure 7: Showing Main Livelihood Activities. 29

Figure 8: Showing Main Livelihood Activities. 31

Figure 9: Education Status of Girls and Mothers in Karamoja Region. 35

Figure 10: showing Primary School enrolment in Karamoja region 2012-2914. 37

Figure 11: Showing the Numbers of students in Secondary Schools in each District. 37

Figure 12: showing numbers Post, Secondary and Primary schools in each district. 38

Figure 13: Showing the Numbers of students in Primary Schools in each District. 39

Figure 14: Showing the Ranking of major Sectors with Potential to Growth. 39

Figure 15: Showing the Ranking of major Sectors with Potential to Growth by the local 40

Karamojong.

Figure 16: Showing an occupational Analysis of job that can be generated in 46 construction Sector.

Figure 17: Showing an occupational Analysis of job that can be generated in Hospitality 47

Sector.

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List of Tables.

Table 1: Showing limitations of the study. 13 Table 2: Showing number of Schools in Karamoja per district. 36 Table 3: Showing Primary and Secondary Level Enrolments in The Karamoja 38 Region. Table 4: Showing, Mineral Potential within the Karamoja Region. 43 Table 5: Showing basic occupation that can be generated from analysis of the 46 sectors. Table 6: Showing Abim Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area. 48 Table 7: Showing ABIM Technical Institute Performance Summary. 48 Table 8: Showing ADP Performance Summary. 49 Table 9: Showing Kaabong Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area. 49 Table 10: Showing Kaabong Technical Institute Performance Summary. 50 Table 11: Showing Kotido Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area. 50 Table 12: Showing Kotido Technical Institute Performance Summary. 51 Table 13: Showing Moroto Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area. 51 Table 14: Showing Moroto Technical Institute Performance Summary. 51 Table 15: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 3rd in take. 52 Table 16: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 2nd in take. 53 Table 17: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 1st in take. 53 Table 18: Showing enrolment of 1st intake of St. Daniel Comboni on C&D/VSO 53 Contract. Table 19: Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of St. Daniel Comboni on C&D/VSO 54 Contract. Table 20: Showing enrolment of 1st intake of Kaabong TI on C&D/VSO 54 Contract. Table 21: Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of Kaabong TI on C&D/VSO 54 Contract. Table 22: Showing enrolment of 1 & 2nd intake of Moroto on C&D/VSO 54 Contract Table 23 Showing enrolment of 1st intake of Kotido TI (Human Technical) on 55 C&D/VSO Contract Table 24 Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of Kotido TI (Human Technical) on 55 C&D/VSO Contract Table 25: Showing Summary of Non-Formal Training for the Year 2014/15. 55 Table 26: Showing Nakapiripirit Technical Institute Capability Assessment 56 Area. Table 27: Showing Nakapiripirit Technical Institute Performance Summary 56 Table 28: Showing enrolment of trainees for the year 2015. 57 Table 29: Showing Selection Criteria and Scores for each Training Provider. 58 Table 30: Showing the final selected Partner Institutions. 60

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List of Pictures. Picture 1: shows how the traditional Karamojong involved in the cultivation using a 15 hand hoe. Picture 2: Showing Karamojong Youth Involved in Block Making at Tamarind Hotel. 16 Picture 3: Livestock Market at Kaabong 17 Picture 4: Shows a water point for the animals in an open dry land at Matany. 17 Picture 5: showing an open dryland which had bush-fire outbreak. 18 Picture 6: Showing women trekking back home after receiving food item from the 18 distribution centre. Picture 7: Showing Moroto/Nakapiripirit high way still under construction. 19 Picture 8: Showing Road and Electricity Grid Construction. 28 Picture 9: Showing Hotel Africana under Construction. 28 Picture 10: Showing Karamoja Women engaged into various activities. 34 Picture 11: Most of the school on going children remain home. 35 Picture 12: Katikit Primary School Built with support of Irish Aid. 36 Picture 13: Showing various Karamojong Potential in terms of Tourism. 41 Picture 14: showing, Gum Arabic recently harvested. 42 Picture 15: showing activities of Small Scale Miners in Morulem Karamoja Region. 44

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Acronyms ABEK Alternative Basic Education Karamoja ADP Aridland Development Programme AIDTS Agency for Integrated Development and Training Services AVET Agriculture Vocational Education and Training ATP Assessment Training Package BCP Bricklaying and Concrete Practice BOU Bank of Uganda BTC Belgium Technical Cooperation BTVET Business, Technical and Vocational Education and Training CAO Chief Administrative Officer CBT Competence Based Training C&D Cooperation & Development DIT Directorate of Industrial Training DLG District Local Government DSC Development Studies Centre EPR Employment Population Ratio FAL Functional Adult Literacy FGD Focus Group Discussion GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Ratio GoU Government of Uganda ICT Information, Communication Technology ICP Indicative Cooperation Programme ILO Internation Labour Organisation ITC Industrial Training council KAPFS Karamoja Action Plan for Food Security KDA Karamoja Development Agency KIDDP Karamoja Integrated Disarmament And Development Programme LED Local Economic Development LMS Labour Market Scan LSD Local Skills Development MC Master-Craftsmen MDG Millennium Development Goals

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MOES Ministry of Education and Sports MoGSD Ministry of Gender Social Development MVM Motor Vehicle Mechanics NER Net Enrolment Ratio NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NUSAF Northern Uganda Social Action Fund PTP Private Training Provider PPP Public Private Partnership RLMS Rapid Labour Market Scan RoC Rest of the Country SACCO Saving and Credit cooperatives SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence SME Small Medium Enterprises TGC Tailoring, garment Cutting UBTEB Uganda Business Technical Examination Board UGAPRIVI Uganda Association of Private Vocational Institutions UPE Universal Primary Education USE Universal Secondary Education UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics UGX Uganda shillings UIA Uganda Investments Authority UVQF Uganda vocational Qualifications Framework VSLA Village Saving Loan Association VTI Vocational Training Institute

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Executive Summary

The study aimed at exploring problems accelerating and limiting skills acquisition (BTVET Sector) for the youth in Karamoja region. The study further explored skills demand both current and future in the region in addition to assessing skills development providers (both formal and non-formal) capacities in providing competence based training. The study also established clear and sustainable linkages between the policy development, capacity development and institutional strengthening.

This study is the joint effort of three teams. It is based on fieldwork and secondary sources. Short visits were made Abim, Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Amudat, Napak Kotido and Kaabong, (detailed list in the appendix).

The Conceptual framework developed had 5 levels designed to assess the feasibility of linking out-of- school youth to vocational training centres in Karamoja region. The levels were:  Sector growth linked to available natural resources in the districts.  Sector Development Result in Skills Demand.  Linking Skills to Emerging Markets opportunities and innovations by Skills Suppliers.  Sector Growth evolving around culture and Customs of its people and if harnessed results into decent employment.  Current and Future job requirements – Private Sector needs taken care of.

Based on the terms of reference of the study, a comprehensive problem and situation analysis was required to be conducted for BTC additional area of intervention in the Karamoja region in order to inform the project formulation team to make informed and appropriate choices. This included the collection and analysis of information on the BTVET Sector, from a system-perspective.

Grounded from the compressive problem analysis of Karamoja the following, was observed Karamoja presents a distinctive development challenge. It is a semi-arid region categorised by a combination of acute poverty, vulnerability, an unpredictable drought cycle, poor infrastructure and basic social service delivery failure, limited marketing opportunities, natural resource degradation, and social and cultural marginalisation. It is a region with a longstanding dependency on external aid, and is chronically insecure. It is the least socially and economically developed region in Uganda.

 While there is a growing evidence base on how people maintain their own livelihoods in Karamoja region, there are few documented examples of formally organised ‘people-led’ interventions (community cooperatives), etc.

 As for the private sector, there is limited available literature and it is ambiguous on the private sector’s role and impact in terms of creating employment and driving growth, etc. Emerging findings indicate that there are bottlenecks or incentive challenges related to private sector investment, although the nature and scale of these is unknown. However, there is some evidence of an increased commercial interest in land, although in some cases this has led to more land conflicts in some parts of Karamoja

 From all the sites surveyed, it was observed that alternative initiatives for the Karamoja region confirmed that cattle keeping is still the major livelihood activity in the region given environmental conditions that do not favour crop production because of unreliable and erratic rainfall, this remains the best option to utilize the scattered and varied resources since livestock can be moved to where resources can be found – unlike crops. It is important to observe here that whereas all individuals contributed to the survival of their family in some way or another, it was the women and girls who contributed most outside the livestock sector.

The key emerging issues from the study were as follows: The extremely low level of achievement in education is in part because the formal education system is geared towards deskbound, rather than semi-nomadic, communities. Less than 30 percent of Karamoja population has access to education facilities, reflecting communities’ mobility, the region’s development

9 challenges, early marriage for girls, high poverty rates, family expectations regarding domestic chores and low social value placed on childhood education. This explains why Karamoja has the lowest enrolment rates in the country, and literacy rates for both males and females are well below the national average

In all public and private institutions visited, there was less than 10% of Karamojong students, most of whom are boys and in some institutions there are no Karamojong girls. Majority of students are from neighboring districts, on probing further as to why there were few Karamojong trainees, according to the districts’ and institutions’ authorities the reasons are varied including but not limited to;  Lack of freedom to drinking alcohol, and freedom to movement.

 Lack of interest by Karamojong’s to take TVET training. For example OPM program failed to raise 10 students per district to provide TVET training on full scholarship for Karamojong.

 Preference for short courses as compared to long term training.

 High dropout rate. Even where the course is fully sponsored success factor is below 50%.

 Inability to afford fees and other requirements.

All public Technical Institutes in Karamoja region, are ill equipped to effectively deliver skills training, the facilities are dilapidated, and the training equipment scanty and often defunct, training materials not available and the instructors are de-motivated. Training providers (TPs) have a narrow scope of what they offer; it will be a demanding task for BTC and its partners to equip, build workshops, and prepare the current VTI partners to quickly respond to the market demand of skills required.

All the BTVET Institutions visited had no data on their graduates who are in formal or self-employment. Tracer studies and having no functional alumni which could help institutions to estimate how many carpenters/builders/motor vehicle mechanics are needed in the region for the next three years and even which trade to phase out.

In conclusion, the stock-taking conducted under this study identified important skill shortages in all the 7 districts. In all the districts, illiteracy rates are still very high and enrolment in secondary education is still fairly low. Not surprisingly, many employers in these districts consider skill shortage as one of their main constraints in the operation of their business and potential for growth. Increasing the quality of the labour force is essential to increase the productivity and the earnings of workers. Yet, in all districts, state-provided training services have been inadequate and disconnected from the requirements of employers. Interventions in skill formation should take into account that (i) Most training takes the form of on-the-job training; (ii) medium- and high skill workers are more likely to be trained by firms than low-skill provision of BTVET providers; and (iii) economic analysis has often shown that the returns to human capital investments in workers are highest when workers are supported in furthering their general (school-provided) education.

Therefore the following are the recommendations for formulation To have meaning full impact in Karamoja region, there will be need to shift from Project based approach to a gradual process requiring multidimensional approaches and long term intervention, commitment and engagement for greater impact in this region.

1. Based on a comprensive problem analysis of Karamoja agro-Pastrol community, adopt Local Skills Development’ the non-formal educational and training system which is complemented with means of a mass-effective, low cost and efficient skills development which will provide an opportunity for the youth, young adults and interested adults to use the existing natural resources for enterprise creation and self-employment.

2. Based on findings of the assessment, the Nakapiripirit and St. Daniel Comboni Polytechnic Technical Institute are recommended for as main partners for the formal BTVET, while the other institution will benefit from residual activities such as TOTs, Material development and Instructor training. For the Non Formal training ADP and C&D are recommended.

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1.0 Background to the assignment This consultancy has been undertaken under the on-going intervention “Support to The Implementation of the Skilling Uganda Strategy (UGA 1402711)”. This project is part of the Indicative Cooperation Programme (ICP) between Belgium and Uganda, signed in 2012. The Specific Agreement for this project was signed on July the 28th 2015 between Belgium and Uganda. (Detailed terms of reference are attached in the Annex)

1.1 Understanding of Terms of Reference and the purpose of assignment. The study aims at exploring problems accelerating and limitation in skills acquisition (BTVET Sector) for the youth in Karamoja region. The study will further explore skills demand both current and future in the region in addition to assessing skills development providers (both formal and non-formal) capacities in providing competence based training. The study will also establish clear and sustainable linkages between the policy development, capacity development and institutional strengthening.

The study will also explore Labour market scan, which will facilitate with labour market information as it will be essential for tracking and analysing the economy of the region or district. It is also be used in determining the current, expiring jobs, future workforce, training needs, identifying the availability of labour, ascertaining the prevailing wage rates, and exploring potential markets.

The scan of a labour market generally has both a broad national and a narrow geographic or activity focus. Frequently, there is a lack of explicit data for the target scan. National and local governments need labour market information to reduce unemployment, generate employment, or plan training programs to meet the needs of industry, institutional training facelifts and offers opportunity to write off some training programs or jobs. The key findings will be used to inform the options for the formulation of the project.

Labour market studies are also valuable to local and regional planning agencies as well as industries and businesses looking for site locations, seeking ways of attracting and retaining skilled workers, or assessing the scope and size of potential markets. Labour unions also find these studies useful for where to acquire and source for skilled labour, local working conditions, and training needs.

This Labour Market Scan examines the private sector’s perspective on the role of skilled labour and the need for skills development in the economic sectors in the area. It provides previously unavailable data on current trends in the supply and demand of skilled labour. It examines in how far employers recognize and appreciate the role of skills for further improving their own business, outlining current and potential resources including human engagement in the provision of services and what kind to response through training can offer alternative employment.

The study also generates an in-depth understanding of the Skills Development (Skills suppliers) as sector and to devise ways through which the sub sector can be developed. The analysis covered all the sub sector players, stake holders, and Training channels. Markets and players there in are also analysed. Numbers of trainees at especially the training provider level and trainee performance levels will also be analysed. The training provider capacity, Training provider supply of trainee verses the market demand will be analysed.

The analysis will include the critical success factors of all districts in Karamoja region, competitiveness and points of leverages for specific sector in each sub sector and the potential for innovation and introduction of new occupation. Finally the aim of the study is to present a preliminary analysis of economic and related employment trends in the skilled labour market (sub-academic occupations/jobs) of selected sectors in the Karamoja region.

1. 2 Process followed during the assessment. Three approaches were used during the assessment.  Review of secondary data (documents)  Administered Questionnaires to solicit primary data from Key informants.

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 The third was field visit to institutions to observe the situation on the ground and interface with the leadership, management, instructors and trainees. But before field visit a needs assessment conceptual framework to guide the assessment was developed, see below:

1. 2.1 Needs Assessment Conceptual Framework adopted In order to explore high labour demand sectors, assess the feasibility of linking out-of-school youth to vocational training centres in Karamoja region, creating private partnerships, sector internships, and other work opportunities, analyze the capabilities of youth and match their skills with more lucrative subsectors in the economy in Karamoja region, the consulting team adopted the conceptual framework below focusing at five levels.

Figure 1. Assessment Conceptual Framework adopted.

Level 1- Sector growth linked to available natural resources in the districts The study will endeavour to explore the existing natural resources in each of the district around which skills formation for the youths will be based, to enable them develop creativity and innovation capacities for product development targeting both local and regional markets.

Leve 2 – Sector Development Result in Skills Demand A well-planned skills strategy helps district economies and the region at large to advance economic development. This requires effective mapping of sectors in the economy, planning different commercial activities that go into those sectors, and undertaking detailed assessments of bottlenecks and skills required to support the major potential sector groups, by finding out which skills are currently in demand in Karamoja? What is the level of skills supply in the region? What is the gap that the BTC/Irish- Aid project is set to bridge?

Level 3 – Linking Skills to Emerging Markets opportunities and innovations by Skills Suppliers At this level the study will try to discover the current market opportunities, innovation in place and how skill suppliers are responding to these opportunities and innovations.

Level 4- Sector Growth evolving around culture and Customs of its people and if harnessed results into decent employment.

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The study will explore the key dimensions and value of the culture and customs of the Karamojong that will form a foundation upon which skills will be developed for decent employment.

Level 5- Current and Future job requirements – Private Sector needs taken care of. The study will endeavour to establish the current and future job requirements both at public and private levels.

2.0 Methodology and Research Design This study is the joint effort of three teams. It is based on fieldwork and secondary sources. Short visits were made1 Abim, Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Amudat, Napak Kotido and Kaabong, (detailed list in the appendix) which were selected on the basis of expectations of interesting developments as well as proposed project operational areas, although some growth centres were also considered and visited. This study is both qualitative and quantitative.

The various tools applied when conducting this study were all geared at creating an absolute and detailed understanding of the dynamics and generating intervention strategies that will build on opportunities identified and mitigates the constraints there in. The team employed the sub sector and value chain analysis methodologies in combination with a market assessment methodology. The basic principles of research were born in mind and adhered to. The methodologies engaged was envisaged to enable the various players - through a stake holder workshop, better understand existing labour market situation, identify constraints and assess opportunities for growth. Key among many study methodologies employed include: In-depth interviews, Focused Group Discussions (FGD), Stake holder analysis, Field visits and Brainstorming and focused discussions.

Prior to the field visits, the consultant met with the BTC Resident Representative, International Sector Expert in TVET and Program Officer , whose main objectives were to enable the consultant internalize the TOR, map out the areas to be visited, Identify main potential partners to be consulted, documents to be reviewed, and agree on the strategy for conducting the study.

A meeting was organised to meet with Irish-Aid before commencing to the study area, the Consultant and the Program Officer paid a courtesy visit to Irish Aid in office, and had discussion with the Education and Local Development Advisor, who gave an over view of Arish Aid support projects in Karamoja region and also proposed various organisation to be visited and places of interest, including contacts in Moroto and the Irish Aid liaison officer based in Moroto.

A draft guide and a tentative draft schedule for the study was drawn by the consultant and agreed upon with the BTC team, the consultant had to make an advance mission, to be followed with another team from BTC (comprising of BTC International Sector Specialist and Program Officer). There was however need for flexibility since not all activities planned could take place at the very timings and it was within the period of local council elections country wide.

2.1 Observations and Limitations of the study The study team, comprised of BTC International Sector Specialist and Program Officer under the direction of the Consultant followed an exploration research design. The major limitation to the study were:

Table 1: showing limitations of the study.

Limitations Mitigation Measures taken 1 The study was conducted during the local government Private meetings were organised elections timeframe, most of the time it was very especially in the evenings and in most difficult to capture the right officers as they were busy cases they officers appreciated those

1 to Lotuke, Awachi, Abim town council, Kiru, Achangali and Makathin market, Rwamuge district headquarters, Abim technical Institute, Moleremu Gold mine site in Aremo parish, met and discussed with Morulem Gold Mine group in Abim district, In Nakapiripirit we visited Apeded Youth Metal Fabricators, Namalu trading centre, Namalu growers, the GIZ Project on Climate Change Adaptation Learning Centre – Central Tree Seedling Nursery and Technology Transfer in Namalu Sub county, the district administration in Nakapiripirit, then, proceeded to Amudat, Administration and ZOA offices in Amudat,

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in the field conducting the election especially the meetings and therefore managed to (CAOs) capture all the CAOs in the region apart from Amudat. 2 Most of the principals of the technical Institutes were Used the students and instructors to absent, and there telephone not available apart from extract the information we needed. the Principal of Moroto Technical Institute. 3 Absence of active private sector to provide research The private sector in the region is very team data about skills needed in the micro enterprise weak, lacks data and sometimes it is based on family labour, we depended on secondary data and knowledge of the potential partners. Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

2.2 Data sources Existing (secondary) data was mainly collected from INGOs, District Planners in Nakapiripirit, Abim, Amudat, Moroto Kaabong and Kotido, MoESTS - Education Statistics Department as well as from the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), which has the mandate for all official statistics of the country. Statistical department of the MoESTS. Another source of secondary was obtained from Irish-Aid in Moroto, BTC offices, these were mainly documents.

3.0 Comprehensive Problem and Situation Analysis of Karamoja Region Life in the sparsely populated Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda is harsh and is defined by periodic and extended droughts, sporadic and often chronic food insecurity. Karamoja is home to just a million people (2014 UBOS census). This is a semi-arid area covering slightly near the size of Belgium, totaling 27,511 km, bordering Kapchorwa and Kumi districts to the south-west; to the west; to the northwest; Sudan to the north; and to the east.

The three main ethnic groups in this region are the Dodoth, the Jie, the Piyan and minority Pokot, and within these main groups are nine different tribal groups. Karamoja consists of 7 administrative districts (Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit and Napak).

Karamoja presents a distinctive development challenge. It is a semi-arid region categorised by a combination of acute poverty, vulnerability, an unpredictable drought cycle, poor infrastructure and basic social service delivery failure, limited marketing opportunities, natural resource degradation, and social and cultural marginalisation. It is a region with a longstanding dependency on external aid, and is chronically insecure. It is the least socially and economically developed region in Uganda.

Despite the will of government and development partners to enhance service delivery in Karamoja, this has been hampered by a number of factors. These include the cultural practices associated with nomadic communities that require them to be constantly on the move from place to place in search of grass and water for their animals, and the persistence of negative attitudes towards practices such as, laziness practised by men, lack of initiative by elders to encourage the young generation to embrace education, This explains why Karamoja has the lowest enrolment rates in the country, and literacy rates for both males and females are well below the national average.

Furthermore, the region has an acute shortage of skilled personnel across all sectors. Given its distinctive characteristics, it cannot even attract skilled personnel from other regions, which exacerbates the challenge of adequate service delivery to the people. Karamoja is poorer, more underdeveloped and characterised by more consistent failure of several development initiatives than any other region in Uganda.

To address some of the above challenges and bring Karamoja back onto the path of development, there is a need for alternative development policies and programmes to address the region’s particular needs. Such programmes should be mainstreamed across all sectors. Programmes tailored in a similar way to ABEK (Alternative Basic Education for Karamoja) should be developed in the health and agricultural sectors if people’s livelihoods are to be improved.

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Policymakers classify Karamoja into three distinct livelihood zones: pastoral, agro-pastoral, and agricultural2. The majority of Karamojong pursue a blended, dual subsistence strategy, meaning they combine livestock management and opportunistic cultivation, along with a diversity of activities including foraging, casual labour and seasonal migration. (See figure below)

3.1 Karamojong livelihood Activities Compared to National Average

Figure 2: Showing Karamojong livelihood activities compared to National average

Karamojong livelihood activities compared to National average 100 80 60 40 20 0

% of households National average (%)

[DSC Research 2014]

Traditionally, Karamojong social and economic life is structured around the maintenance of livestock. Cattle are households’ most important assets, followed by sheep, goats and poultry3. These animals are a critical source of food, but are also maintained as a safety net, a means of social exchange and a form of investment. For many traditional pastoral communities, raising livestock allows pastoral communities to take advantage of the land’s low primary productivity in an efficient manner.

Today, compared with other pastoralist groups in East Africa, the Karamojong engage in greater levels of cultivation and have taken on a more agro-pastoral livelihood (AIDTS Study 2014). The degree to which households depend on own production of agricultural goods varies based on environmental conditions, the quantity and quality of livestock possessed and proximity to markets, among other factors.

Picture 1 shows how the traditional Karamojong involved in the cultivation using a hand hoe.

Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

2 More specifically, Karamoja’s agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones include the Karamoja Livestock, Sorghum and Bulrush zone; the Central and Southern Karamoja Pastoral zone and the Northeast Karamoja Pastoral zone. Agriculture-based livelihood zones include the Eastern Lowland , and Rice zone; the South Kitgum-Pader-West Karamoja Simsim, Groundnut, Sorghum and Livestock zone; and the Northeast Sorghum, Simsim, Maize and Livestock zone. 3 In Abim sub-county, some communities also raise camels, although these are uncommon elsewhere in the region.

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Some Karamojong today also engage in different forms of casual labour in urban and peri-urban areas. Young people seek these opportunities more than other age groups, and types of work normally differ by gender. Young men tend to serve as casual labourers, for instance road construction, transporting water or making bricks. The photograph below showing youths engaged in block making for money at Tamarind hotel in Moroto. Women usually take on more domestic tasks, such as washing clothes, cleaning houses, cooking or fetching water. The revenue generated from the sorts of activities listed above allows individuals and households to acquire—through barter or purchase—supplemental foodstuffs, such as maize, sugar and oil, in an otherwise limited diet (AIDTS Study 2014).

Picture 2: Showing the Karamojong youths involved in block making at Tamarind Hotel in Moroto

(Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

3.2 Factors supporting livelihood adaptation Following the years of conflict and insecurity that populations in Karamoja have endured, livelihood adaptation and recovery continues to be a challenging and ongoing endeavour. The literature pinpoints several factors that are facilitating more resilient livelihoods. While many of these also have negative consequences, which are listed below their positive aspects highlight conditions for livelihood recovery worth exploring. It is important to note that the factors and the corresponding examples listed below are intended as indicative, and not as comprehensive or universally applicable throughout.

3.2.1 Factors challenging livelihood adaptation Unfortunately, the challenges to livelihood recovery in both Karamoja still outweigh the advances. Below is a review of some of these challenging factors. As above, most factors list only an example. In Karamoja, the displacement and loss of livestock as a result of drought, distress sales, widespread and disease etc, has reduced livestock numbers and access. It may take households and their herds’ years to recover from asset loss on this scale.

One of the primary changes reflected in Karamojong livelihoods is that many households are moving away from livestock-based production systems, and now engaging in higher rates of destocking, primarily through distress sales and slaughter. The districts of Moroto, Napak and Nakapiripirit have all increased the number of livestock markets in order to bring buyers nearer, according to the district Production Officer Moroto. He said traditionally, households would decrease livestock holdings on a temporary basis in order to obtain needed income or commodities, reduce the pressure on pasture during times of drought or reduce expenses around livestock management.

Livestock sold today are generally in poor condition (as a result of famine, drought and disease), which means they bring lower prices at market and represent a loss of household assets (according to the DPO Moroto). Also, the majority of animals sold are transferred to outside the region and lost to the local pastoral system entirely, rather than distributed within the region. (Seethe livestock at Kotido below).

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Picture 3: Livestock Market at Kotido

(Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016) .

Karamoja low levels of human development and high incidence of food insecurity also lead to largescale poverty. Karamoja is acutely underdeveloped, and the region lacks physical infrastructure, education and health facilities and employment opportunities (Development Research and Training, 2014). Today, 82 percent of the population lives below the poverty line (in comparison with 31 percent nationally), the maternal mortality rate is 750 deaths per 100,000 live births (compared with 435 nationally) and the literacy rate is only 11 percent (compared with 73 percent nationally) [Source: UBOS, 2014]. Karamoja is also by far the most food-insecure region in Uganda.

Some of the greatest challenges to livelihood recovery relate to shrinking land tenure, and in particular lack of land ownership, inheritance issues, land disputes and poor land policies. More than 70% of land in Karamoja is owned by government, through appropriation for game reserves, forest reserves, and mineral-prospecting sites.

The survival of livelihoods in Karamoja depends on the availability of grazing land, and its shrinkage presents a continued threat to livestock survival. The recent emphasis on individual rather than communal ownership threatens a livelihood practice that thrives best when extensive land for grazing is available. Harsh weather conditions. These often cause water shortage and famine. Because the Karamojong are heavily dependent on environmental resources such as water, and fodder for animals, they are vulnerable to sudden shocks and changes in physical conditions. see the only water point below.

Picture 4: Showing the water point for the animals in an open dryland at Matany.

Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

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Increasingly, the effects of climate, population displacement, population growth, restrictions on mobility owing to government pressure and environmental degradation are exacerbating competition over resources such as land, water, food and fodder across Uganda’s more arid regions, especially Karamoja. Local natural resource management systems have long existed, but these institutions have eroded in recent years as a result of increased conflict and environmental change (FEWS NET, 2005). Threats to the environment are visible, including the overgrazing of pasture, a reduction in soil quality, the overburdening of water resources, a loss of biodiversity and the depletion of wild foods, animal forage, firewood and construction materials.

Picture 5: showing an open dryland which had bush-fire outbreak.

(Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

3.3 Overview of livelihood interventions While the factors and trends listed above help highlight some of the advances and obstacles faced in livelihood recovery, it is crucial to review the formal livelihood interventions (and if possible their impact) that exist in order to be able to assess what is needed to improve the lives of populations. The literature shows that, while there are numerous formal livelihood programmes in Uganda, run by the government and aid agencies in particular, there is presently more of a livelihoods focus in Karamoja than any other region in the country. This could be linked to the perceived return to ‘normalcy’ in almost the whole region. Karamoja is still and considered to be very fragile in food security. In addition, there is increased donor support and government focus in Karamoja at present, especially as there is a government move away from food aid towards livelihood-style interventions. (See the photograph below)

Picture 6: Showing women trekking back home after receiving food item from the distribution centre

The photograph above was taken by BTC Study team

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3.3.1 Government-led interventions On a structural level, a number of government bodies and institutions have been established to support livelihood recovery in Karamoja by encouraging greater development, peace building and poverty reduction. The most prominent include the Peace, Recovery and Development Plan for Northern Uganda (PRDP) and the National Development Plan (NDP).

The NDP is the overall national planning framework and specifically highlights the livelihood recovery needs of Karamoja as a region. In addition, there are the Karamoja Development Agency (KDA), the Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF), the Karamoja Action Plan for Food Security (KAPFS) and the Plan for the Modernisation of Agriculture (PMA). A dedicated Ministry for Karamoja Affairs was established in 1998.

Government has now embarked on serious infrastructure development in Karamoja starting with a major road construction from Moroto to Nakapiripirit. Construction of //Nakapiripirit Road has also commenced from Muyembe and there other major plans to have another road from to Moroto. Moroto electricity being connected to main grid is in high gear, while other places like Abim, Nakapiripirit are already connected.

Picture 7: Showing Moroto/Nakapiripirit high way still under construction

Local Karamojongs working on-road site near The Moroto/Nakapiripirit High Way Moroto

The Moroto/Nakapiripirit High Way The Moroto/Nakapiripirit High Way (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

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3.3.2 People-led interventions While there is a growing evidence base on how people maintain their own livelihoods in these former conflict areas, there are few documented examples of formally organised ‘people-led’ interventions (community cooperatives), etc

3.3.3 Agency-led interventions Aid-agency led interventions are the most documented in the literature. They include both large-scale programmes (including food aid) and specific interventions to address a focused aspect of livelihood recovery. The NGOs in Karamoja region have done tremendous job. A lot of progress that we see in the Karamoja region today is a result of NGOs effort that includes improved human and animal health service delivery; education sector, water sector, food delivery and distribution all that is very much recognised. As we move to long term development in Karamoja, the NGOs should change their strategies from emergency/relief to a more developmental strategy; they should step out of service delivery as the government comes in and takes care of strengthening health services etc. They should step up their focus on all the issues that support local government to be more responsible to its people. Development partners on the other hand should engaged and build capacity of central and local government to deliver services other than continuing to offer funding to NGOs.

3.3.4 Private sector-led interventions Apart from humanitarian and development interventions, the Government has also welcomed commercial investors into Karamoja, to open up large scale farms in the greenbelt areas, and carry out mining activities and investing in hotel and tourism sector. However, these have been welcomed into the region with little prior interaction with the host communities, and hence, new forms of livelihood insecurities may become manifest, because of loss of land for crops and livestock. The available literature is limited and ambiguous on the private sector’s role and impact in terms of creating employment and driving growth, etc. Emerging findings indicate that there are bottlenecks or incentive challenges related to private sector investment, although the nature and scale of these is unknown. However, there is some evidence of an increased commercial interest in land, although in some cases this has led to more land conflicts in parts in Karamoja.

In Karamoja, private sector actors could play a much larger role since insecurity that used to hinder private sector growth in the region is history. According to the Chief Executive Officer of Karamoja Private Sector Development Centre, activities that are emerging in Karamoja includes the establishment a 5 star hotel by BMK group (Hotel Africana), the ongoing tarmacking of Moroto/Nakapiripirit road near completion, the survey and application of land by Serena group and Golf Course Hotels, the coming of 2 new cement factories in Moroto, a number of small savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) and village saving and loan associations (VSLAs) and Stanbic Bank presence for years that provide normal banking services and SME loans. It is generally agreed that private sector interest in the region is growing day by day and it is vital to increase the number of private sector actors in Karamoja.

3.3.5 Agricultural Interventions A survey on alternative initiatives for the Karamoja region confirmed that cattle keeping is still the major livelihood activity in the region. It also recognises the presence of agricultural communities in the region, including the Pian in Namalu, the Kadam in Nakapiripirit district, the Bokora in Iriiri and the mountainous areas in Moroto, and the majority of the Ethur in Abim district.

Agro-pastoral communities in the region include the Jie in Kotido, Dodoth in Kaabong, the Matheniko around Rupa and the Tepeth in . The presence and location of these communities enables zoning, which is a key strategy in the implementation of Wealth Creation Program4. The government of Uganda has put in place several agriculture and agricultural-related policies and programmes, aimed at improving household production and incomes, and ultimately leading to poverty reduction. Among them is the Plan for Modernisation of Agriculture (PMA), which is part of the government of Uganda’s broader strategy of poverty eradication contained in the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP). It is a strategic framework for eradicating poverty through multisector interventions that support agricultural transformation and increase household income.

4 (GOU program that replace NAADS, National Agriculture Advisory Services)

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4.0 Overview of District Economic Potential 4.1 Short description with general data about Abim District Abim district was curved out of Kotido district in 2006. It is bordered to the north by Kotido district, east by Moroto and districts and south west by Lira and west by Pader district. Abim district has one county (Thur) and a total of 5 sub counties with 1 town council, 23 parishes 204 LC I Villages and 18,173 Households with an average of 6 persons per house hold, total district population is 109,039 people derived from 2014 Population and Housing Census. Of these 56,076 are females while 52,963 are males. There is no significant water body but only seasonal rivers, underground water, springs, wells and wetlands in most part of the district.

4.1.1 Livelihood activities Abim town is perhaps the most vibrant labour market for most people in Abim district. According to our face to face discussion with the small existing private sector (business people) in Abim town, there is large number of potential income generating activities available in and around Abim. Precisely because lodges, bars and restaurants offering employment opportunities for hospitality staff and additional markets for farmers produce coupled with this increase in hospitality services, there is high demand for skilled manual labour to produce furniture (beds and tables) and iron – (bars for windows, gates and doors and bed frames), Clay-(bricks, tiles and ceramics) based products. There is also demand for IT and communication services, barbers and saloon and boda-bodas. The following activities are conducted every day and can only create a few jobs mainly for family and friends: Livestock rearing, Cultivation, Selling grass and firewood, Gathering wild fruits, Charcoal burning, Casual Employment, Brewing, Brick making, Selling livestock.

4.1.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities Based on the discussions held with the CAO Abim, and our own observations, there available natural resources like (fertile land, 2 rain seasons, rocks, green coverage, Clay soil deposits, semi-permanent swamps) that could be transformed into wealth creation and employment of opportunities if the people could be empowered with skills and right technology to tap into those natural resources. The Sectors with potential to growth are: 1. Crop Production 2. Construction 3. Service Sector 4. Livestock The graph below was rated by 22 key informants during interviews conducted in Abim, Rwamuge Nyakweya, Morulem and Alerek sub-counties.

Figure 3: Shows the 4 most important Sectors considered in Abim to have high growth Potential

(Source: Key informants of this BTC study 2016)

4.1.3 Training Providers in Abim Abim district has two training providers, 1 Public Technical Institute located at the new site in Rwamuge Sub County and a Private Not Profit Training Provider at Lotuke run by ADP. Abim Technical

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Institute is among the Presidential pledges of 2009. The institute is located in a very remote area of the district in the middle of the bushes. The entire institute has a population of 120 students spread over the following BCP, MVT, C&J and TCG. The institute is in a very poor shape, no electricity, no workshops, scanty equipment and tools. Student admission is very low, and accommodation facilities are in very sorry state. Abim District like any other districts of Karamoja region have several NGOs and INGOs working within the district. One of the most active in TVET sector is Aridland Development Programme. (Refer to chapter 9 for details).

4.2 Short description with general data about Amudat Amudat district is part of Karamoja sub region and was carved out of Nakapiripirit district in 2009, the district is bounded by Moroto District in the north, the republic of Kenya in the east, District and in the south and Nakapiripirit District in the west. Amudat district has one county (Pokot County) with three sub counties and one town council. Amudat to Nakapiripirit is 35km, Amudat to Moroto is 130km, Amudat to is 160km and Amudat to Kampala is 285km by road. Amudat District comprises of 1 county, Pokot and 3 sub- counties and 1 Town council with 9 parishes and 4 wards. The District headquarters is located in Amudat town. The other growing centres include Alakas, Nabokotom, Cheptapoyo, Lokales and Lopedot. The District has a population of 101,079 people with 17510 households living within the 124 villages. Majority of the population is below 15 years with 60% and total fertility rate of 7.2 children per woman during her reproductive age (15-49 years). The population growth of Amudat is 5.4 which is far high above the national level of 3.2. (Source UBOS Population census 2014).

4.2.1 Amudat District main livelihoods The majority of the people access their livelihoods from livestock and agricultural produce (sorghum and maize). However because of the dry spells and lack of adequate water for livestock, the people led a semi nomadic lifestyle moving even to neighbouring districts in search of main water and pasture. Pokot women are involved in the entire house hold work, farming, and apiary, charcoal burning, fetching wood fuel and stone quarrying for their livelihood. Men range with cattle for months in search for pasture and water. Most families are being taken care of by women since men move distances far away from home. Amudat is occupied by the Pokot tribe belonging to the Kalenjin cluster (Ethnic group), who are found in both Uganda and Kenya. They depend on Pastoralism as their main livelihood.

4.2.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities The economic activities in Amudat are very limited, given the context of the nature and surrounding environment. Amudat is located in the centre of a semi-arid region categorised by a combination of heavy dry winds, an unpredictable drought cycle, poor infrastructure and basic social service delivery failure, limited marketing opportunities, natural resource degradation, and social and cultural marginalisation. It is a region with a longstanding dependency on external aid, and is chronically insecure. It is the least socially and economically developed district in Uganda. The opportunity remain with few options like Apiary, Livestock and agro-pastoralism. (See the graph below)

Figure 4: Shows the economic activities the local people in Amudat are involved in.

Amudat District Economic Activities/Opportunities

100% 30% 70% 0%

S…

(Source: UNDP Study - Amudat District Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Profile August 2014 – UNDP)

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4.2.3 Training Providers in Amudat Amudat district has no single Public or Private Technical Institute.

4.3 Short description with general data about Kaabong Kaabong District is located in the extreme north-eastern corner of Uganda, in the north of the Karamoja Region, It is bordered in the north and east by Republics of South Sudan and Kenya respectively and by the districts of Kitgum to the west, Moroto and Kotido Districts to the south. The district is located between longitudes 33˚ 30’ to 34° 31’N and latitudes 3° 45’ to 3° 6’E. The total land area of Kaabong District is 7,300km2. There is no significant water body in Kaabong. The district is 75km from Kotido by road, 195km from Moroto, approximately 200km from Kitgum and 612km from Kampala. The administrative centre of Kaabong District is in Kaabong Town Council.

The district has a population of 369,700, 1.2% of the total Ugandan population, with a ratio of 1:03 males to females. Only 6.5% of the total population lives in urban areas. About 90% of arable land is owned according to traditional laws and no land is held by freehold and leasehold. The district has 52,814 households each with an average of seven persons; the average land area for agriculture is 0.14 acres per household. Per capita land holding is 11.5ha and land is critically over-utilized near homesteads with an average of 5-6 plots on the different flat locations around the villages. Each plot measures between 0.1 to 2.0 acres.

4.3.1 District main livelihoods Kaabong has a dry savannah semi-arid climate characterized by an intense hot season lasting from November to March each year, with whirlwinds and dust storms. The rainy season is usually from April to August and provides about 519mm per annum on average, which is spatially and temporarily distributed unevenly, depending on local factors.

The Karimojong community is a largely patrilineal community. Almost all authority is traditionally vested in the man as the head of the household. He controls the productive resources and also ‘owns’ his wife or wives once dowry has been paid for her. However, women play a greater role as income earners for the family. They participate mostly in the sale of charcoal, local brew (kwete), rearing of chickens, stone quarrying, and sale of firewood, casual labour, farming and petty trade. A woman is responsible for non- monetized activities such as collecting cooking fuel, child and elder care, fetching water, gardening, building temporary housing and household food preparation, leaving almost no time to pursue anything of interest to her as an individual. Meanwhile the man, as the head of the household, owns almost all the factors of production and takes nearly all the important decisions in the household, with ample leisure time to socialize and pursue personal interests. The graph below shows that most people in Kaabong are traditional pastoral communities and there settlement was also classified according to UNDP study ‘Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Profile of August 2014’. See the table below:

Figure 5: Showing Kaabong District Main Livelihood Activities

KAABONG DISTRICT MAIN LIVELIHOODS ACTIVITIES 100% 90% 70% 50% 40%

20%

poultry

petty trade petty trade petty

petty trade

bee keeping… bee keeping bee

brickmaking brickmaking brickmaking

cropfarming…

cropfarming cropfarming

hire of labour of hire labour of hire

sale of charcoal saleof

stonequarrying stonequarrying stonequarrying

sale of firewood saleof firewood saleof firewood saleof

Livestock(cows,…

poultry (chicken) poultry

livestock rearing livestock

livestock keeping livestock

sale of local saleof brew local saleof brew Kaabong Wet Zone Moderately Wet zone Dry Belt zone District main livelihoods

(Source: UNDP Study –Kaabong District Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Profile August 2014 – UNDP)

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4.3.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities Mineral Resources. A number of minerals is said to exist in Kaabong District and these include reef and alluvial gold, magnetized mica and iron. The main problem with the resource is lack of exploitation and lack of information on the quantity and quality of the minerals but it is hoped that once exploitation of these minerals commences the district will benefit in various ways an expanded tax base, employment opportunities and improved infrastructure. Mining in Karamoja and particularly Kaabong has been at subsistence level except where Branch Energy, a South African based mining company has a concession. They have not shared information about findings from the gold exploration in Lopedo Gold mines. There are no industries at the moment although they are getting connected to electricity national grid.

Geographical features Kaabong has three major types of soils, namely ferallitic, vertigos and ferruginous tropical soils, other types include litho sols. The genesis of soils in Kaabong district has been affected by many factors such as climate, elevation, type of parent rock; vegetation covers, topography, aggravation and erosion processes. The vegetation is also composed of the grasslands, woodlands, and bush land and subsistence farmland.

Natural Resources and Environment The environment is being degraded at a very fast rate. Cutting of trees for firewood and charcoal burning plus grazing are the primary causes of environmental degradation. The bare surface is eventually exposed to wind and water erosion.

The Kidepo Valley National Game Park is found in Kaabong district, one of Uganda’s most spectacular wildlife parks. The Park is 1,442 square kilometres with scenery unsurpassed in any other park in East Africa. ‘It could not be any better' is a common comment on the scenery by visitors who often promise and do come back to Kidepo. Tucked into the corner of Uganda's border with Sudan and Kenya, the park offers breath taking Savannah landscapes, which end in rugged horizon. A huge latitudinal range and correspondingly wide climatic conditions have evolved an extremely diverse flora. As a result, the variety of animal species in the park is equally abundant including many which are found nowhere else in Uganda.

4.3.3 Training Providers in Kaabong Kaabong Technical institute started in 2009, as one of the presidential pledge to the district. Most of the infrastructure is incomplete. There are no workshops. The institute admits students for both formal and non-formal. Currently the institute has 154 students mostly from surrounding districts outside Karamoja (Amuria, , Lira, Sebei and Mbale) with only 10 students from Karamoja region. (Refer to chapter 9 for details).

4.4 Short description with general data about Kotido Kotido district is located in the North Eastern part of Uganda and is bordered by Agago and Kitgum in the North West, Kaabong District in North and North East, Abim District in the West, Napak in the South West and Moroto in the South East. Physically the District lies between latitude 2˚ 41’N, 3˚15’N, 33˚49’ and 34˚35’E. Kotido’s present boundary covers 3,618km square and is basically what used to be Jie County. The District population growth rate of 3.2 percent per annum registered from the 2014 population census. According to the National Population and Housing Census for 2014, the district population stood at 178,909. The high growth rate is due to high total fertility rate of 6.8 children per woman and declining mortality. Such a high population growth rate has a high implication on the provision of social services and places a huge burden on the already limited budget. The population density continues to increase posing a serious threat to the existing natural resources.

4.4.1 District main livelihoods According to the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), Kotido District is faced with rampant manifestations of poverty which is mainly caused by unemployment. The unemployment problem of Kotido is mainly as a result of low literacy levels and lack of skills by the working age population. The main occupation carried out by the people is pastoralism which has been greatly affected by poor animal health and erratic rains or unreliable rainfall.

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The Kotido district is highly dependent on livestock and is renowned for its livestock production. Cattle, goats, and sheep predominate, with some poultry. Donkeys are used to provide transportation in rural areas, especially to take goods to and from markets.

Rain-fed crop production is practiced throughout the district, although the environment and climate are more conducive to livestock rearing than crop production. Crops grown include sorghum, maize, millet, groundnuts, sunflower, cowpeas and beans. Small amounts of tobacco are grown for local sale and home use. Households use hand hoes and oxen for ploughing. Tractor cultivation has been introduced in some areas by the government and supported by a number of organisations to open large fields for the multiplication of planting materials (especially for ). The most common planting practice is to broadcast and intercrop sorghum with sunflower, beans, cowpeas and some cucurbits. Groundnuts are planted as a single stand and millet is intercropped with maize. Fertilisers and manures are not typically applied, despite the abundance of livestock residue. A significant percentage of households borrow money to buy food amidst increasing food prices. This increase in food prices is itself attributed to declining food stocks at household level. Thus incomes earned by household bread winners seem insufficient to cover household food needs. The graph below shows the livelihood activities that the Kotido people get involved in on daily basis.

Figure 6: Showing Kotido District Main Livelihood Activities

Kotido District Main Livelihoods Activities 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0%

Apiary

Crafting

Crafting

Crafting

firewood…

Sand mining Sand

Casuallabor Casuallabor Casuallabor

Crop farming Crop

Crop farming Crop

Local brewing “ brewing Local “ brewing Local

Fishing in dams Fishing

Stone quarrying Stone

Charcoalburning

Rearing of animals of Rearing

firewoodcollection Fishing in the Fishing Dams West Agricultural Agro-pastoral Zone Pastoral Zone

(Kotido Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Profile August 2014 – UNDP)

4.4.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities

Tourism Rangeland and Savannah environment camping sites, mountain climbing, site-seeing, wildlife and birds, handicrafts and woodwork, cultural aspects and culture all provide good attraction for visitors. Proximity to the two Countries of Kenya in the East and Sudan to the South provides an avenue for cross-border trade development and communication. There are also the rangeland sceneries with a beautiful mountain views that could be used as campsites by tourists if developed.  The district has about 200 square kilometres of game reserve and about, 600 square kilometres of controlled hunting area, leaving less than 1,000 square kilometres for people.  The tourism industry in the district is still young but rapidly growing. The district has picturesque natural scenery of open and rolling flat plains abounding in wildlife and beautiful vegetation.

Forests, Gum Arabic and other products The district vegetation is of acacia species. The acacia trees produce a natural gum (gum Arabic) that has very good market in the soft drinks industry. There are also large reserves of aloe Vera, wildly growing in many parts of the district.

Minerals

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 A detailed minerals survey carried out by a firm from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in 1994 revealed that the district has Viable deposits of limestone, marble, gold, iron ore, diamond, gems and rubies that can be commercially exploited.

4.4.3 Training Providers in Kotido The foundation upon which skills development can be built-on is not present in most present Karamoja particularly within the youths, thus why many skills development projects in Karamoja have failed. not because they have poorly provided the skills and necessary input, the problem lies upon a POOR foundation of education, people who can learn and adopt new learning environment must have gone through some basic education, know how to read and write then now you can introduce skills training, but not on zero foundation of education in Karamoja. CAO Kotido.

Based on the discussion, the working model I gathered from our discussion which he (CAO) felt would be the best for Karamoja is as shown below.

Illustration 1: Showing the Education Model Proposed for Karamoja by the CAO Kotido.

Compulsory Core work skills Basic Education for all for all

Lifelong learning for all

Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

Kotido Technical institute started in 2009, as one of the presidential pledge to the people of Kotido district. Most of the infrastructure around is complete, however the workshops are not equipped and lacks all kind of tools and equipment. The institute admits students for both formal and non-formal. Currently the institute has 20 students mostly from surrounding districts outside Karamoja (Lira, Pallisa, Luwero and Mbale, with only 4 from Karamoja region. (Refer to chapter 9 for details).

4.5 Short description with general data about Moroto Moroto district is situated in the Mid North Eastern Uganda covering at an altitude of 1,356m – 1,524m above sea level. It lies between Latitudes (including Napak): 1o53’; 3o05’ North and Longitudes: 33038’; 34056’ East and shares boarders with 5 districts namely: Kaabong in the North, Kotido in the North East, Napak in the West, Nakapiripirit in the North West, and Amudat in the South. The entire Eastern borderline is shared with the Republic of Kenya. The Settlement pattern in the district is of a scanty nature with concentrations around productive agricultural areas, trading centres and near rivers and springs. Due to security reasons previously, people live in clusters called “Ere”. A typical “Ere” has both an outer and inner subdivision fence of thorns, with animal shelters usually in the centre of the homesteads.

The district has well-established traditional Institutions that could form an entry point for social mobilization and community action for transformation of society, all that is needed is to mobilize and sensitize the Institutional Leaders on their role as complementary change agents in addition to facilitating their activities in this direction. According to the results of 2014 Population and Housing Census, Moroto District had a population of 104,539.

4.5.1 District main livelihoods From all the sites, it was observed that the people were engaged in different activities depending on the options available to them. It is important to observe here that whereas all individuals contributed to the survival of their family in some way or another, it was the women and girls who contributed

26 most outside the livestock sector. This should be understood in the context of the traditional division of labour, which assigns rearing and protection of livestock to the men, and crop production, and gathering wild fruits and herbs that of the women. The women are generally responsible for maintaining a livelihood outside pastoralism including generating income to purchase food.

Rearing of livestock forms the mainstay for survival in Moroto under environmental conditions that do not favour crop production because of unreliable and erratic rainfall, this remains the best option to utilize the scattered and varied resources since livestock can be moved to where resources can be found – unlike crops. Other than the communities from Nakapelimen and Alekilek that do not keep livestock because they lost out on pastoralism, livestock remain the main source of livelihood to the other communities of Lorukumo, Naoi, and Lokileth. The various stock kept includes cattle, sheep, goats, and cattle. However, the main livestock is cattle. This is because they provide milk and blood, which forms the main diet for the men and those living at the kraals.

The women of Moroto are the main workers, engaging in various activities including building of home steads, farming, charcoal burning, firewood collection, bee-keeping, casual labour, local brewing, and stone quarrying.

4.5.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities in Moroto District. Tourism Moroto district is gifted by nature with Rangeland and Savannah environment camping sites, mountain climbing, sites (Nakiloro) findings of one of the oldest mammals, Apule place of dispersion of the Karimojong), wildlife and birds, handicrafts and woodwork, cultural aspects and culture all provide good attraction for visitors. Proximity to the two Countries of Kenya in the East and Sudan to the South provides an avenue for cross-border trade development and communication potential for instance it could facilitate the creation of an alternative by-pass route to the North of Africa.

Natural Resources . Extraction of gum Arabic, Aloe species and honey extraction. . Abundance of cheap labour that could be harnessed for industrial production . Diversity of fauna and flora for research and development in science and technology . Presence of numerous minerals i.e. metallic, non-metallic, radioactive and rare earth minerals in Moroto. The metallic minerals in the district are: gold, silver, copper, iron, manganese, chrome, , , rare earth and radioactive minerals. . Other minerals are marble (in Rupa, Katikekile and Tapac Sub Counties); mica, (North of ,) limestone (Nakiloro and Kosiroi) and asbestos.

Crop production . There is good potential for irrigation from the seasonal run-offs. It is possible to develop farming potential from trapping water in the Low-lying parts of the district such as Rupa and Nadunget. In this way and other fruit trees could be developed as an alternative agricultural production to supplement the usual sorghum and maize. . Vast land for development . Abundant sunshine for solar powered energy to complement the current thermal energy Potential for wind powered energy generation and irrigation.

Construction Construction is one of the fastest growing sector in Moroto district. New structures are coming up every day, new homes and housing facilities are being built. Road construction is currently going on. Construction as a sector has a number of occupation it comes with this includes masonry, Plumbing, Electrical Installation, Metal welding, Roofing, Tiling, painting and decoration etc, therefore is it a very rich sector in offering employment if tapped properly.

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Picture 8: Showing Road and Electricity Grid Construction

Photo of Moroto Central district under construction Photo showing the power grid running over Moroto town (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

Service Sector Is yet another important sector which also is accompanied by many occupations that include repair shops, catering services, waitress, boarding and lodging, cooks etc

Picture 9: Showing Hotel Africana under Construction

Hotel African under construction Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

4.5.3 Training Providers in Moroto Moroto has a few educational institution both public, private and private not for profit, that include Moroto Technical Institute, Moroto PTC and Moroto Nursing School. For this study we focussed on Technical and Vocational Institutes

. Moroto technical Institute is among the Presidential pledges of 2009. The institute is located on the outskirt of Moroto Municipality. The institute is in a very poor shape, no workshops, no equipment and no tools. Student admission is very low, and accommodation facilities are in very sorry state.

. St. Daniel Comboni Technical Institute is one of the oldest VTC in Karamoja region, it has offered training to several trainees for years; They offer TCG, BCP, MVT, C&J to almost 300 students annually on both Junior certificate and Craft certificate

. C&D is an Italian development Cooperation in Uganda with support from Italy. In “2013, C&D won tender from VSO to run a Skills Training. (Refer to chapter 9 for details).

4.6 Short description with general data about Nakapiripirit Nakapiripirit District was one of the eleven Districts that were pronounced Districts by the Sixth Parliament of Uganda. Unlike others, Nakapiripirit has been a District before (1973-1981). According to the results of 2014 Population and Housing Census, Nakapiripirit District had a population of 169,691

28 persons. The District is bordered in the North by the mother Moroto District, Katakwi and Kumi to the West and Sironko and Kapchorwa to the south. The District has an area of about 4,196 sq. km.

Nakapiripirit district is one of the least developed areas in the country with high levels of illiteracy, high infant mortality rates, and high levels of malnutrition among under five and a higher prevalence of abject poverty (no disposable income); hence ranked by Human development index as one of the lowest in the country (0.24).

4.6.1 District main livelihoods The majority of the people access their livelihood from livestock and agricultural produce (sorghum and maize). However, because of the dry spells and lack of adequate water for livestock, the people lead a semi nomadic life style moving even to neighbouring districts in search of mainly water and pasture. Based on UNDP Hazard Risk and Vulnerable Profile of Nakapiripirit, the district is zoned into 3 major livelihood activities. The green belt is the food basket for the region (see the graph below). Most local people here are involved in crop production both for food and commercial purposes, other activities like crafting, casual labour are very important part of the cash economy, this usually gives people daily income in the area. Agro Pastoral zone is where both livestock and crop are practised especially around Iriri area and Pastoral zone, is mostly where pastoralism is practised all through and a few other activities that support pastoralism. The graph below shows what activities are being done in which livelihood zone.

Figure 7: Showing Nakapiripirit District Main Livelihood Activities

Nakapiripirit District Main Livelihoods Activities

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0%

Crafting

Crafting

Crafting

Sand mining Sand

Casuallabor Casuallabor Casuallabor

Crop farming Crop

Crop farming Crop

Local brewing “ brewing Local “ brewing Local

Stone quarrying Stone

Charcoalburning

Rearing of animals of Rearing

firewoodcollection firewood collection

(Source: UNDP Hazard, Risk andGreen Vulnerability Belt Profile August 2014) Agro-pastoral Zone Pastoral Zone

4.6.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities

. The districts have several square kilometres of game reserve and for example Nakapiripirit has about 3,600 square kilometres of controlled hunting area, leaving less than 1,000 square kilometres for people. . The tourism industry in the districts is still unexploited but rapidly growing. The districts have picturesque natural scenery of open and rolling flat plains abounding in wildlife and beautiful vegetation. The Pian-Upe Game Reserve is currently receiving an increasing number of tourists, both foreign and national. There is good accommodation in the reserve and strategically placed camping sites for viewing animals passing by.

Forests, Gum Arabic and other products  Nakapiripirit district has several square kilometres of forest reserve that produce Gum Arabic. The acacia trees produce a natural gum (gum Arabic) that has very good market in the soft drinks industry. There are also large reserves of aloe Vera, wildly growing in many parts of the district.

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4.6.3 Training Providers in Nakapiripirit Nakapiripirit Technical Institute is a government supported post O‟ level institution under the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports. It was founded by the Presidential Initiative and started on 29th March 2011. It is a mixed boarding institution and since its inception, have had the highest enrolment constant at one hundred and ten (110) students with the highest female enrolment of 34% in 2014 and the male enrolment highest at 89% in 2011 and 2012.

4.7 Short description with general data about Napak Napak District is situated in mid-north-eastern Uganda. It lies between latitudes 1˚ 53’N, 3˚ 05’N and longitudes 33˚ 38’E, 34˚ 56’E. It shares borders with five districts: Kotido to the north, Otukei and Abim to the northwest, Katakwi to the west, Moroto to the east and Nakapiripirit to the south. Napak was curved from Moroto District from 1st July 2010 with its headquarters located in Sub- County. The district has seven sub counties and one Town council. Based on the results of 2014 Population and Housing Census, Napak District had a population of 145,219.

Napak’s elevation ranges between 1,356 – 1,524m above sea level. The district has a total land area of 8,516km squared which is 3.5% of the country’s area coverage. The district is named after the town. The town is situated approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi), southwest of Moroto, the largest town in Karamoja sub-region. This location lies approximately 340 kilometres (210 mi), by road, northeast of Kampala, the capital of Uganda

The vegetation pattern in Napak district is typically semiarid with dry savannah tree species and predominantly grass species. The main vegetation communities in the district include forests at high altitudes (dry montane forests), savannah woodland, semi evergreen thickets, deciduous thickets, riparian communities, and grass steppe communities. Forests are localized groves on hills and mountains such as Kamalinga Forest on Mt Napak. Forest cover is estimated at 100 km2

4.7.1 District main livelihoods Settlement in the district is sparse with concentrations around productive agricultural areas, trading centres and near rivers and springs. From all the sites visited in Nakapiripirit district, it was observed that the people were engaged in different activities depending on the options available to them. It is important to observe that in Karamojong culture and tradition all individuals contributed to the survival of their family in some way or another, it was the women and girls who contributed most outside the livestock sector. The various stock kept includes cattle, sheep, goats, and cattle. However, the main livestock is cattle. This is because they provide milk and blood, which forms the main diet for the men and those living at the kraals. Under environmental conditions that do not favour crop production because of unreliable and erratic rainfall, rearing of livestock remains the best option to utilize the scattered and varied resources since livestock can be moved to where resources can be found – unlike crops.

Napak women are the main bread-winners, they engage in various activities to make ends meet, that including fetching water at construction sites, providing labour for washing clothes, cultivation, building of home steads, farming, charcoal burning, firewood collection, bee-keeping,, local brewing, and stone quarrying.

Mobility is key for sustainable pastoralism in Napak because it is the only way of ensuring access to the scattered resources. It is therefore important for government and other development agencies operating in the region to appreciate this fact of survival. In the absence of technological advancement in harnessing nature to avail irrigation, water for production, and pasture, mobility will remain the only viable form of livelihood for the Karimojong. In this case, government should ensure security of both the mobile pastoralists and the communities they get in contact with as they move in search of water and pasture.

Crop and animal diseases risk The main crops cultivated include sweet potatoes, cassava, sorghum, maize, groundnuts, beans and sunflower. Crop and animal diseases occur throughout the district though the magnitude of risks vary from one sub-county to the other.

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Figure 8: Showing Napak District Main Livelihood Activities

Napak District Main Livelihoods 100 100 80 60 40 60% 30% 10% 20

0

stone…

apiary

fishing

apiary

murram… murram…

charcoal… charcoal… charcoal…

firewood…

agriculture agriculture

Livelihoods

gumArabic

agriculture/a…

localbrewing localbrewing localbrewing

animalrearing animalrearing

poultry rearing poultry rearing poultry Agro-ecologicalzone Highland zone Gently sloping zone Lowland zone

(Source: UNDP Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Profile August 2014)

4.7.2 Economic opportunities with related skills needs/opportunities

The district covers an area of 4,978 km2. Approximately 2,046 km2 is available for cultivation excluding game reserves and parks (2,864 km2) and mountains (58 km2). The population density on this arable land is 22.3 persons per km2.

Strong winds occur mainly during the dry season. Charcoal making has led to severe deforestation leaving the ground bare and vulnerable to wind erosion. The winds have destroyed crops, homesteads and social service points such as schools. Risk hot spots are reported in Kautakou, Lokoreto, Narengemoru Parishes in Ngoleriet Sub-County. Others are in Lokopo and Lopeei Sub- Counties. Erratic climatic conditions contribute to drought and food insecurity and in extreme cases have led to loss of lives especially among the elderly in the community.

The district has about 200 square kilometres of forest reserve located around Mt. Kadam and Napak. The district vegetation is of acacia species. The acacia trees produce a natural gum (gum Arabic) that has very good market in the soft drinks industry. There are also large reserves of aloe Vera, wildly growing in many parts of the district.

Minerals A detailed minerals survey carried out by a firm from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in 1994, by then Napak was still part of Moroto and therefore the district cannot specifically tell exactly where these resources are located as of today, although many people believe that the district has viable deposits of limestone, marble, gold, iron ore, diamond, gems and rubies that can be commercially exploited.

Environmental degradation Napak District is the main source of charcoal and fire wood consumed in Moroto, Soroti and beyond. To meet this demand, commercial charcoal burning is an active industry in Napak, contributing significantly to deforestation. Lorengechora Sub-County records high incidence of environmental degradation in the district. Other risk hot spots are reported in; Matany Sub-County (Nakichunmet, Lopoi, Lokuwas and Lokali parishes). Opeitolim and Lorikatea risk hot spots are reported in Lokopo Sub- County

4.7.3 Training Providers in Napak Napak district hosts what is called Moroto Technical Institute, there is still a dispute between the two districts of Moroto and Napak where exactly the institute should belong, and also the Ministry has not decided on the renaming of the institute, the people and the administration in Napak want the institute to be called Ngoleriet Technical Institute.

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5.0 Gender Dimensions in Karamoja Region Gender-responsive legal and policy environment has seen Uganda register some progress in reducing gender inequalities and vulnerabilities across the different social, political and economic capabilities. However, challenges still remain, in the form of significant gender inequalities. This is especially so in the Karamoja region, where the conflict worsened the situations of women and girls, in terms of development opportunities and progress. Expanding opportunities for women and girls is not only a human right, but also essential for sustainable development.

Notwithstanding this, gender gaps have narrowed, in terms of primary school enrolment, as well as participation in economic activities and decision making, since 2006. However, there is evidence of persistent high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as teenage pregnancies, and of low enrolment of females at the post-primary education levels, limited access to, and ownership of, productive resources for women (especially land), as well as increased sexual and gender based violence (SGBV).

Gender inequalities limit the ability of women and girls to fully participate in, and benefit from, development programmes in the Karamoja region. Formal and informal institutions, such as patriarchy, religion, family, marriage as well as social norms and cultural practices, play a major role in perpetuating gender inequalities in many African countries, including Uganda and in particular, the northern region.

With regard to labour participation, the gender gap is narrower for the Karamoja sub-region, relative to the RoC. The observed higher labour participation is driven by the inclusion of those persons in subsistence production, who are predominantly female. The participation reduces significantly with the focus shifts to paid employment, with a wider gender gap in favour of males in the Karamoja region.

5.1 Employment In Uganda, the employment-to-population ratio (EPR) for the working age (14-64 years), including subsistence workers is 85.9 percent. Using the revised ILO (2013) ‘employment’ definition, which excludes subsistence farming, in the same year, the EPR declined to 47.7 percent, almost half the old (unadjusted) ratio. This is a clear indication that Ugandans heavily depend on subsistence production as a source of employment. The Karamoja region had an EPR of 71.0 percent according to UNDP- Uganda Human Development Report 2015, indicating that majority of inhabitants are not in agricultural production. Most movements of labour in and out of agriculture are essentially seasonal, and depend on economic and climatic conditions. The participation of females in subsistence production is almost twice that of their male counterparts. However, within the region, this gender gap narrows as one moves from youth to adulthood. In the Karamoja region, the share of female workers in subsistence production is lower among the older age cohort, while that of males is higher in the same age group. (Source: UNDP-Uganda Human Development Report 2015)

5.2 Women economic opportunities The conflicts in the Karamoja region had some unintended consequences that changed women’s fortunes and economic opportunities. The conflicts in the region and cattle rustling in Karamoja disrupted gender relations and allowed some changes that helped women to join the economic and public sphere. Particularly, the loss of cattle in Karamoja left men less able to fend for their families and women had to look for alternative means of survival.

Women embraced informal income generating activities, such as brewing, selling of food, charcoal trade, and small scale retailing which they continued to do even after the conflicts, especially in urban areas. This partly explains the higher incidence of non-agricultural activities in the severely affected region. Women in the Karamoja region have been supported by several NGOs to acquire small loans to support their businesses. Women have also taken on employment in civil service departments, parastatal organisations, NGOs. Women lack the professional skills required to acquire gainful employment

5.3 Participation in decision making. The constitution of Uganda provides for equal rights for men and women in political decision making. Women’s equal participation in governance and decision making is not only a demand for simple justice but a necessity for gender equality. Women’s participation in decision making at household and

32 community levels is limited, owing to prevailing socio-cultural norms and practises that exclude women from leadership opportunities. The low literacy rates and educational attainment among women in the region partly influence their confidence and abilities to take on leadership responsibilities in the public space. Yet, gender inclusive political participation, through voice and decision making, are fundamental tenets for political and economic development.

5.4 Sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) SGBV has persisted in most parts of the Karamoja region. This is because of the norms and practices surrounding female genital mutilation (FGM), child marriages and child labour, which force girls to abandon schooling too early; Karamoja stands out in this regard, with a wide gender disparity regarding reporting SGBV to the relevant authorities. While 61.8 percent of men are likely to report, only 38.2 percent of women are likely to do so, showing that men are more confident than women to report violence. Poverty has been found to be the most prominent reason for SGBV in the Karamoja region according to UNDP-Uganda Human Development Report 2015. This is followed by alcohol consumption and drug abuse, as well as the psycho-social and economic effects of the war.

The increasing SGBV poses a contradiction in enforcing women’s rights and freedom to live decent and dignified lives, as the laws of Uganda and the government’s international commitments provide for this. The high sexual and physical violence that peaked during the conflict period continues to act as deterrence to women’s political and economic participation, as well as a violation of their personal dignity. For men, the conflict period in the Karamoja region destroyed the more positive masculine identities, leaving the majority of men clinging to destructive identities as their defining characteristics. These negative changes have contributed to persistent gender based violence, as a means of asserting men’s culturally-defined identities, and compensating for the conflict-induced emasculation and disempowerment. There is also a perception that was cited during the Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), that an economically empowered woman is unruly and hence breaking the cultural norms.

5.5 Women, children and the elderly Generally all the people have been affected by conflict, but there are some who are more affected than others. Women, children and the elderly are the most affected. During raiding escapades, women and children are left at home to look after the families and provide for their basic needs. As children tend the cattle left behind, and women trek long distances in search of firewood and water, both are vulnerable to attack, especially when rival communities attack. The livelihoods of women have been negatively affected as women resort to risky survival mechanisms.

The level of gender equality and women’s empowerment are key indicators of the progress a society is making in realising human development. Cattle rustling disrupted gender relations and allowed some changes that helped Karimojong women to join the economic and public sphere. Particularly, the loss of cattle left men less able to fend for their families and women had to look for alternative means of survival. Based on the proportion of married women who reported taking independent decisions in key areas as an indicator for gender equality and women’s empowerment, it was reported that in Karamoja between 2006 and 2011 the number of women who made independent decisions on how to spend their own earnings increased from 39.3 percent to 68.9 percent respectively, compared to an increase from 42.7 percent to 50.9 percent in Karamoja region; The picture below, shows what Women in Karamoja region are engaged in various activities. (Source: UNDP-Uganda Human Development Report 2015)

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Picture 10: Showing Karamoja Women engaged into various activities.

(Source: BTC LMS March 2016)

6.0 Education in General Education is a key intervention in poverty eradication. The government sees it as one of the most effective ways of breaking the recruitment of young boys into warrior hood and reducing early marriages among girls in Karamoja. In Karamoja region education has long been contentious, viewed by many pastoral communities as a colonial or government imposition with no relevance for local populations. Illiteracy remains high, regular school attendance is still low. Many children who do attend school start usually later as compared to the standard start age of six years and unfortunately, they get pulled out of school in their early adolescent stage making it even more difficult for them to complete basic schooling hence causing a high number of early school leavers (dropout). As a result, illiteracy remains high in the Karamoja region. 6.1 Illiteracy of women in Karamoja The majority of the women aged 15-45 years in Karamoja have zero years of formal education (Figure below). The importance of education for both the girl and boy child cannot be overemphasized. Education and keeping of the girl child in School is fundamental factor for socioeconomic development and improvement of indicators in Karamoja region. All possible means including the building of more boarding Schools, providing food in Schools, and directly linking Karamojong children with donor families elsewhere should be explored by relevant authorities in order to improve the education status of children in the region. The graph below shows the percentages of girls who access education /secondary education in each district being very low.

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Figure 9: Showing graph on Education Status of Girl and Mothers in Karamoja Region

Education Status of Girl and Mothers in Karamoja Region

100

50

0

Zero formal Education Primary Secondary or above

Source: (DEO Moroto sources)

One Karamojong elder whom we met at Moroto Hotel, said education in Karamoja needs to be understood in the context of household survival mechanism/household survival equilibrium. All members of the household, including children from the age of six, are involved on a daily basis in some activity contributing towards family survival or simply having something to eat; boys look after animals; girls fetch water and grind cereals; the father does the planning and ensures security; the mother supervises and does household chores. Removing one part of the system will therefore destabilise the equilibrium. The majority of families were not sending their children to either ABEK facilities or formal schools, and most youth did not see education as a characteristic of a “good” Karamojong boy or girl. This is the very reason as to why we find very limited numbers of the youths in the technical institutes all over the region. The poor educational facilities, and resulting poor performance and high illiteracy, increase vulnerability, exclusion, unemployment, low productivity and thus chronic poverty stems from that theory, the old man concluded. The pictures below were taken during the field visit and the school on-going children you see here were not at school but chose to stay home with their parents]

Picture 11: Most of the school on going children remain home

Boys look after animals Most of the school on going children remain home

Children prefer to stay home Children always on the move (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

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6.2 Education performance in Karamoja The extremely low level of achievement in education is in part because the formal education system is geared towards deskbound, rather than semi-nomadic, communities. Less than 30 percent of Karamoja population has access to education facilities, reflecting communities’ mobility, the region’s development challenges, early marriage for girls, high poverty rates, family expectations regarding domestic chores and low social value placed on childhood education. This explains perhaps why Karamoja has the lowest enrolment rates in the country, and literacy rates for both males and females are well below the national average. Irish Aid’s bursary support to the Karimojong adolescents enhances the Ministry of Education’s objective of increasing equitable access to post primary education and training for both girls and boys, and of meeting the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals. The Irish-Aid is so much appreciated by the local governments in the region as one of the serious development partner, who have come up fully to support primary and secondary education in the Karamoja region with infrastructure, and as from 2016 focusing on quality of education. (See one of the classrooms built by Irish AID below ;)

Picture 12: Katikit Primary School Built with support of Irish Aid

Katikit P/S Classroom (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

According to the MoESTS statistics department, Karamoja counts 245 schools, mainly primary schools the table below shows the number of Primary, Secondary and Post-primary schools.

Table 2: Showing number of Schools in Karamoja per district District Number of Primary school Number of Secondary school Post- primary Amudat 14 2 0 Abim 48 4 1 Kaabong 63 3 1 Kotido 25 2 1 Moroto 16 7 3 Nakapiripirit 40 4 1 Napak 31 3 1 Total 245 25 09 Source: MoESTS Statistics Department (2014).

6.2.1 Primary School Enrolment Despite the existence of the Universal Primary Education [UPE], Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) and the Universal Secondary Education [USE], Karamoja continues to record the lowest literacy levels of 12%. The above scenario is aggravated by a complexity of factors that include the traditional agro –pastoral lifestyle that requires the labour of young boys and girls as herders; high levels of poverty and negative perceptions to education by the parents. UPE and USE. Besides, there is a high failure rate in the existing schools due to poor quality of education and this phenomenon discourages the few parents who

36 attempt to take their children to school. The graph below shows the primary school enrolment of pupils in each of the 7 district of the study. Amudat has the lowest number of admissions, while Kaabong has the highest of enrolment for both male and female in year 2014. (See the table for Primary, Secondary and Post-Secondary enrolments 2012-2014 below)

Figure 10: Primary School Enrolment in Karamoja Region 2012-2014.

Primary School Enrolment in Karamoja Region 2012- 2014 30000 Number of pupils in Primary 25000 2012 Male Number of pupils in Primary 20000 2012 Female Number of pupils in Primary 15000 2013 Male 10000 Number of pupils in Primary 2013 Female

5000 Number of pupils in Primary NUMBERS ENROMENT NUMBERS 0 2014 Male Number of pupils in Primary 2014 Female

DISTRICTS

(Source: MoESTS- Education Statistical Abstract, 2012: 2013; 2014)

6.2.2 Secondary School enrolment in Karamoja region, 2012-14 The graph below shows the number of students enrolled in secondary school between 2012 and 2014, statistics department of the Ministry of education had not released the enrolment data for the year 2015 at the time of study.

Figure 11: Showing Number of Students in Secondary Schools in each District

Number of Students in Secondary 2000 1500 Number of Students in Secondary 2012 Male 1000 Number of Students in Secondary Axis Axis Title 500 2012 Female 0 Number of Students in Secondary 2013 Male Number of Students in Secondary 2013 Female Axis Title

(SOURCE: MoESTS- Education Statistical Abstract, 2012: 2013; 2014)

Many parishes and sub counties in Karamoja lack secondary schools contrary to the government policy of gaps in the education sector that need to be addressed so as to increase the quality and access to education in Karamoja (see the graph below)

The graph below shows the number of Post-secondary, Secondary and Primary schools in each of the 7 districts of the study. (See the graph below showing numbers of post, secondary and primary schools per district.

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Figure 12: showing numbers Post, Secondary and Primary schools in each district

(Source: MoESTS Statistics Department (2014).

6.2.3 Gross and Net Enrolments Primary education: Regardless of geographical location, there has been an increase in the enrolment of primary school children (in absolute numbers), though the increase has been uneven region, GER increased from 129.2 percent in 2005/6 to 134.1 percent in 2012/13, mainly as a result of the return of peace to the region. The high GERs in the region are to be expected, because of the years of schooling lost to the insecurity of the conflict. Several interventions, especially in Karamoja, partly contributed to this.

Table 3 showing Primary and Secondary Level Enrolments in The Karamoja Region

Primary Education: Net enrolment rates Gross enrolment rates 2012/13 All Female Males All Female Males Karamoja Region 54.9 50.4 59.1 84.8 75.1 93.8 Rest of the sub- 85.1 82.9 87.6 137.1 129.0 145.7 region Source: Calculations based on UNHS data of 2012/13. Physical access to secondary education in Karamoja remains a challenge. While significant inroads have been made in reducing gender disparity in primary education, there are still challenges at the secondary level, which undermine the efforts achieve gender parity at all levels of education by 2015. While the NERs at the secondary school level have remained below 20 percent Uganda, the observed rates for Karamoja (Table below) in single digit. The NER increased from 2.9 percent in 2009/10 to 3.5 percent in 2012/13.

Secondary Education: Net enrolment rates Gross enrolment rates 2012/13 Karamoja Region 3.5 2.8 4 4.3 6.2 4.4 8.0 Rest of the sub- 10.6 5.1 15.5 15.3 5.9 23.5 region Source: Calculations based on UNHS data of 2012/13.

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6.2.4 Post Primary enrolment in Karamoja region, 2012-14

Figure 13: Number of Students in Post Primary in Karamoja Region Number of Students in Post Primary in Karamoja Region 350 300 250 Number of Students in Post 200 Primary 2012 Male 150 100 Number of Students in Post 50 Primary 2012 Female 0

Number of students enrolled students of Number Number of Students in Post Primary 2013 Male

Axis Title

(SOURCE: MoESTS- Education Statistical Abstract, 2012: 2013; 2014)

7.0 Sectors with Potential to Growth in the Karamoja Region Based on more than 87 interviews conducted over three weeks of research in Abim, Amudat, Kotido, and Kaabong, Moroto Nakapiripirit and Napak of Karamoja seven districts, and two weeks in Kampala, as well as meetings and correspondence with government officials and development partners5 in Kampala working in Karamoja, Key-informants ranked Construction, service industry, crop husbandry, Livestock and transport as shown in the chart below as the 5 sectors with high potential to grow in the next 5 years and will certainly translate into various jobs and occupations that will require skills development in the region especially targeting Karamojong youths, men and women in the region.

Figure 14: shows the Ranking of the major Sectors with potential to growth

Rating of Sectors with Potential to Growth Over the Period of Next 5 years by the Key Informants

Industry Sector Tourism

Natural Construction Resouces(Mining)

Transport

Services Sector Livestock [Wholesale and retail trade; repairs, Hotels and restaurants Agriculture - crop

(Source Key informants of this BTC study March 2016)

The interviews were conducted based on a pre-tested interview guide which comprised of four sections:

5 Irish-Aid, UNDP, FAO

39

1. Perceived demand for skilled workers in the major sectors (UBOS categories) during the last five years. This was measured on an ordinal scale from very high to very low. (See the interview guide in the annex)

2. Ranking of major industries (UIA categories) according to their perceived growth of the sector in demand (be skilled workers in the next five years). In this section we also asked for a ranking according to the specific demand within each industry.

3. In the third section we tried to establish specific types of skills required in the chosen top five sectors. We indicated any other types of skills for which they believe there will be an increased demand in the district over the next five years.

4. In the final section of the interview guide we gathered other relevant information such as typical ways of recruiting skilled workers, any known additional information on the demand for skilled workers, recommendations of relevant institutions/individuals for future labour market studys.

On the other side, 40 local Karamojong interviewed within their setting especial around the growth centres of Abim in Morulem and Rwamuge, Nadunget,., Rupa, Katikekile and Tapac Sub Counties);(Nakiloro and Kosiroi Alakas, Nabokotom, Cheptapoyo, Lokales and Lopedot rated the sector growth as shown below

Figure 15: shows the Ranking of the major Sectors with potential to growth by the Local Karamojong

Sectors Rated Very Important by the Local Karamojong

40 30 20 10 0

(Source: Key informants of this BTC study 2016)

7.1 Tourism Potential Karamoja has unique sector potential characteristics which are similar in various districts and have been summarized in table below; there is enormous potential for the further development of various forms of tourism in Karamoja. Like the Masai of Kenya and Tanzania, the Karimojong have maintained their traditional dress and many other aspects of traditional life. These include: homesteads (Manyatta/Ere); hairstyles; embroidery; facial and body scarification; song, dance, drama and poetry; art and crafts; traditional religion; cultural institutions; customary ceremonies; and, tribal marks on cattle. See below.

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Picture 13: Showing various Karamojong Potential in terms of Tourism

Traditional Karamojong dance The Manyatta Construction

Traditional Ceremonial Dressing Typical Karamojong Youth Brand (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

Tourism is one of the three strategic sectors identified in the NPD II. The improved security situation in the Karamoja region since 2006 has encouraged private investments in the tourism sector, especially in Kidepo Parks. This has resulted in increased number of visitors at the Kidepo Valley Parks (from 795 to 2,452 during the year of 2015. The first Karamoja Museum, opened in Moroto in November 2012, the Karamoja Cultural Day was launched in July 2014, and a ‘Miss Tourism Karamoja’ pageant has been initiated (but not yet realised), to assist in national and international promotion of tourism. Karamoja is also home to wildlife species that exist nowhere else in Uganda.

The Kidepo National Park boasts of the second most diverse bird population in Uganda, with 475 bird species. It also has herds of buffaloes that exceed 2,000 in number. A tented camp now exists at the Pian Upe Game Reserve, which is the second largest protected wildlife area in Uganda, and where Cheetah and Roan Antelopes can be seen. There is also the opportunity to develop trekking, climbing, and other adventure activities, within the mountain ranges of the region. However, significant investment is required to realise this potential and there are of course scepticism of tourism being a driver of change of Karamoja local economy.

While the region has a significant number of tourist attractions, it remains one of the least developed in this regard. Data from the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Heritage (2012) indicates that Karamoja contribute 2 percent to the total hospitality establishments in Uganda. These data indicate that the tourism sector is least developed in the Karamoja region.

As a non-consumptive economic activity, tourism can create economic value, reduce poverty and lead to sustained human development. It can do this by expanding economic opportunities, building resilience and controlling vulnerabilities, through the diversification of livelihood strategies. Notwithstanding its massive potential, Uganda’s tourism sector has continued to struggle, often

41 overshadowed by the aggressive tourism promotional campaigns by the industry in neighbouring Kenya, and, more recently, Rwanda. Supporting the development of the local tourism industry in Karamoja region can have spill-over effects on other sectors, especially on education, health, transport and energy. Investments in these sectors can further strengthen human development outcomes in the tourism hotspots and surrounding regions. Moreover, the development of a vibrant tourism sectors can help overcome regional inequalities and vulnerabilities

Furthermore, tourism development can create spin-off economic opportunities away from conservation. For example it can promote the manufacture of art-crafts, and the development of cultural entertainment groups. These opportunities will not only improve the standards of living at home, but will also discourage the emigration of labour to the capital city, which has often trapped unsuspecting emigrants in worse living conditions. To unlock the development potentials from a backward agrarian economy, high value-added industries and high-technology services are the way to go.

7.2 Natural Resources (Including minerals) & Geographical features Karamoja has three major types of soils, namely ferallitic, vertigos and ferruginous tropical soils, other types include litho sols. The genesis of soils in the districts have been affected by many factors such as climate, elevation, type of parent rock; vegetation covers, topography, aggravation and erosion processes. The vegetation is also composed of the grasslands, woodlands, and bush land and subsistence farmland. The region has about 500 square kilometers of forest reserve located around Mt. Kadam and Napak. The district vegetation is of acacia species. The acacia trees produce a natural gum (gum Arabic) that has very good market in the soft drinks industry.

Picture 14: showing, Gum Arabic recently harvested.

Gum Arabic shown to the team during the research. (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016) There are also large reserves of aloe Vera, wildly growing in many parts of the district. Abundance of cheap labour that could be harnessed for industrial production Diversity of fauna and flora for research and development in science and technology.

7.2.1 Minerals The full mineral wealth and potential of Karamoja is not yet known, because airborne geophysical survey and geological mapping have not been undertaken. However, the sub region is estimated to contain over 50 minerals of economic importance, including gold, marble and limestone. Large scale mineral extraction has been taking place near Moroto since 2012, including marble stone quarrying and gold mining. Most mineral extraction is still carried with informal and unregulated market chains. Potentials exist for commercial production and marketing of minerals for industrial use, and for shifting the production focus from raw materials to semi-processed or final products. This will generate greater employment opportunities and wealth creation within Karamoja, but only to the extent that the right institutional framework is in place to guide the industry. The Karamoja region boasts of enormous mineral potential (see table below).

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Table 4: showing, Mineral Potential within the Karamoja Region.

No. Mineral Location Estimated reserves/potential 1 Copper Karamoja Boboong copper anomaly in Karamoja. Further investigation is required to estimate the reserve. Grade 1.7% copper, 1% Zinc, 6 gram per tonne of gold and 15 gram per ton of silver 2 Gold Moroto, Kaabong, Moroto (over 139,000 ounces in and possible Kotido, Abim, reserves of 160,000 ounces) 3 Iron ore Moroto, Napak, Further investigation is required to estimate Kotido, the reserve 4 Colum bite-Tantalite Napak, Moroto, Further investigation is required to estimate Kotido, the reserve 5 Rare Earth Elements Tororo, Napak Further investigation is required to estimate (REE) the reserve 6 Platinum Moroto Further investigation is required to estimate the reserve 7 Limestone/Marbles Napak, Moroto, Over 300 million tonnes of marble in Karamoja Kotido, 8 Phosphates Napak Further investigation is required to estimate the reserve 9 Dimension stone Karamoja Over 300 million tonnes of marble in Karamoja (Rupa, Kosiroi, Tank Hill, Forest Reserve, Matheniko, Pule and Lolung) (Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development.)

Currently it is only limestone being mined on a large scale to support the manufacturing of cement in Tororo. Most of the mining activities are undertaken on small scale basis by artisanal miners. However, small-scale mining has the potential to improve livelihoods in the Karamoja region by offering alternative employment to diversify incomes.

The majority of households in the Karamoja region depend on agriculture (crop and Livestock) as a livelihood strategy, but this is prone to climatic shocks as discussed earlier. Access to non-agricultural employment for rural households in Karamoja region is limited due to the poor geographical distribution of jobs and the limited employment opportunities. The shortcomings of both public and private education places (already limited) jobs beyond the reach of most rural dwellers. Engaging in some off-farm activities can help mitigate some of these shocks, and small scale mining could offer such alternatives. However, the potential for artisanal mining is constrained by lack of organisation, skills and modern equipment, thereby affecting productivity. Small scale artisanal miners are largely inefficient and use rudimentary methods that pose health and environmental risks.

In many areas, small-scale artisanal miners work in isolation. Both artisanal and large-scale miners usually do not have plans for restoring the environment, nor do they have mitigation measures to address the negative impacts of mining. This leaves behind challenges of destroyed and un- rehabilitated environments, solid waste, and uncovered pits that become breeding grounds for disease carrying pests, such as mosquitoes. Unregulated mining has the potential to release harmful substances into the soil, air, and water, while open pit mining destroys ecological systems thus engendering soil erosion and affecting the productivity and resilience of the land to cope with environmental shocks, such as droughts.

Furthermore, small-scale and artisanal mining has exacerbated child labour, often leading to early school drop outs.

It is also worth noting that mineral exploration and mining, especially by foreign companies, may exacerbate conflicts in the Karamoja region. When mining concessions are awarded to private companies many communities are denied access to vital sources of livelihoods. As such, the allocation of communal land to private mineral developers is fuelling conflicts, especially in Karamoja. There are

43 also reports that private companies take advantage of the ignorance, poverty and illiteracy of the communities to stealthily acquire land with mineral potential in the region. See pictorial activities below of small Scale Miners

Picture 15: showing activities of Small Scale Gold Miners in Morulem Karamoja Region.

Consultant meeting Morulem Gold mining Sample of Gold Gold mine pit Group Executives at Aremo Parish

Water tank donated by UNCDF & GOU to Machines used to screen Gold at site Machines used to screen ABIM DLG LED Project. Donated by: UNCDF & GOU to ABIM DLG Gold at site donated by: LED Project. UNCDF & GOU to ABIM DLG LED Project. (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

7.3 Crop Production There is good potential for irrigation from the seasonal run-offs. It is possible to develop farming potential from trapping water in the Low-lying parts of the district such as Rupa and Nadunget. In this way vegetables and other fruit trees could be developed as an alternative crop production to supplement the usual sorghum and maize.

7.4 Construction Construction is one of the fastest growing sector in Moroto district. New structures are coming up every day, new homes and housing facilities are being built. Road construction is currently going on. Construction as a sector has a number of occupation it comes with this includes masonry, Plumbing, Electrical Installation, Metal welding, Roofing, Tiling, painting and decoration etc, therefore is it a very rich sector in offering employment if tapped properly.

7.5 Livestock The livestock sector is the economic life blood of Karamoja. With a physical environment suited to livestock production, pastoral tradition, and a culture of livestock management, it provides a firm foundation for future economic growth and development. The livestock sector being the heart of the regional economy, and the livestock market system in Karamoja is complex and dynamic.

The system is formed by a network of interconnected marketing points which link producers and traders to end markets. The system appears to be working very well, with no major issues at present. However, some investments are warranted to fortify the system, improve efficiency, facilitate future market growth, and help it adapt to changing conditions. Improving livestock production and productivity will

44 help grow the local economy, supply quality animals to the market, increasing regional income, and catalysing the development of related value chains and micro-enterprise development.

The main questions foreseen are, how increase livestock production and productivity and make live animals from Karamoja be more competitive? II) Is there scope for investment at the production end of the value chain to drive increased competitiveness of Uganda’s hides and skins and finished leather? What benefits would accrue to Karamoja livestock keepers?

7.6 Transport Sector Based on key informants in the region, like any other region in the country, the highest growth rates are expected in Transport & Communication, Construction as well as mining of quarry. The GoU should aim at improving Transport Sector Policy aimed at boosting the provision of cost effective, efficient, safe and environmentally friendly transport services to sustain increased agricultural and industrial production, trade, tourism and social and administrative services was also introduced. A well-developed transport sector plays a critical role in the development of a self-sustaining economy, poverty reduction and economic integration of the country (ibid.23-24).

The government is focusing on developing urban areas and towns than rural areas where this sub- region falls. For example Standard Gauge Railway project would have connected Karamoja region with the rest of the East African region very well than the road sector, yet the railway would be a bulk transporter of a lot of minerals and other goods such as the marbles and limestone that have become a threat to other road users in the region. More investment in infrastructure in terms of road tools and equipment, road network maintenance has been carried out by both local and the central government. On the road network, Government has so far built a tarmac road from Nakapiripirit to Moroto, and there other plans to have Soroti/Moroto road and other roads will be improved. What is left is to invest in human capital to manage the large investment that has been put in the road equipment and tools. The transport sector in the region is very poorly organised and managed too. Apart from C&D workshop in Moroto, there are a very few garages and workshops in the region. Most of the organisation drive or tower their vehicles out of the region to Soroti, Mbale and Kampala for service or repair.

7.7 Industry In terms of potential for industrial development, Karamoja region has a lot of resources that can easily attract external investment into the region. Within all the sectors mentioned in the pie chart, each is an industry in its own and a lot has already been said however, actual transformation into an industrial set up might take long to come by or implemented but within the project, small scale industries could be encouraged in terms value chain development to support the livelihood challenges being experienced with the region.

The Associated Value Chain Development The live animal value chain generates significant opportunities for developing associated value chains and micro-enterprises. These have the added benefit of fortifying the livestock sector, while enabling the adoption of new technologies and practices.

. The forage value chain as an alternative livelihoods strategy for agriculturalists, a source of improved feed and nutrition for milking animals, and eventually the foundation of the feed industry . The poultry value chain as a path to improved child nutrition, improved household livelihoods, and the gateway to livestock production enterprises; and . The milk and milk products value chain to generate additional household income, and improve the diet and livelihoods of poor families.

Meat Value Chain The Karamoja meat value chain urgently needs to be modernize industry practices and standards. People from other regions in the country resident in Karamoja do not simply buy meet in the region, due to poor hygiene Sanitation is rudimentary at best, and standards non-existent. In terms of efforts to develop demand for quality meat, and to ensure public health and safety, they are simply inadequate. It must be noted however, the slaughter facilities in all major towns in the country are generally outdated and dilapidated, complemented by a network of local slaughter slabs. The interest within this

45 study is to look into these sectors what kind of occupation could be curved out and developed, for the youths in the region, there is need to consider supporting to promote and facilitate private investment in the Karamoja meat value chain. This would include establishing modern standards, and improving the operation of slaughter facilities, meat distribution, and butcher shops.

8.0 Key Emerging Issues for the Labour Market Demands Based on our key informants, many employers (especially the contractors, hotels and other service sectors) in these districts experience skill shortage as one of their main constraints in the operation of their business and potential for growth, much of the labour is out sourced outside the district.

Supplementary literature review, reveals that in the next 5 years, Karamoja region will receive investment worthy billions of shillings from both government and development partners and private investment too. Based on the KIDDP Sector Comprehensive log frame matrix, a number of development effort along with budget lines demonstrate a number of contracts and supply of service will be implement in the region, which will demand for skilled and semi-skilled labour in various sectors. The contracts and service provision will require trained personnel for employment from the following sector occupations/jobs named below, a justification for having a skills training project to prepare youths to take up those jobs. Table showing occupations that can be generated for the local (Karamojong) from analysis of KIDDP log frame Matrix and discussion with various Development Partners.

Table 5: Showing basic occupation that can be generated from analysis of the sectors

Construction Transport Water Energy Agriculture Livestock Tourism Electricians Tractor Water Masons, Climate smart Lab Tour Roofing mechanics, technicians, Bio-gas agriculture attendants Guides, technicians Metal Solar Masons, technicians Animal Hospitality Painters Welders, technicians, Bio Gas health Tilers Drivers, Irrigation technicians Forest technician Metal Tire- system local stove Technician, workers, Repairers, technicians, artisans Nursery Bed Carpenters, Blacksmith Plumbers Worker Garden artisan Water agriculturalists escarpment Fitters pump Seed Metal mechanics, technicians fabricators water pump attendants (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

Discussions with the District Administrators (6), District Planners (6), District Production Officers (5) and District Education officers (7), Private Sector and elders; Priority sectors agreed upon in the whole region with potential to growing and will generate demands for skills were

8.1 Construction- Figure 15: showing an occupational analysis of jobs that can be generated in Construction sector alone

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8.1.1. Hospitality

Figure 16: showing an occupational analysis of jobs that can be generated in Hospitality sector alone

. Hospitality- Hotel catering and other services e.g several small hotels exist or are coming up. But also big Hotels like Hotel Africana started construction, Serena and Golf Course expected soon. Other sectors include

. Mining- Gold (South Africa), Limestone (Tororo cement to open branch, Moroto cement to start), Marble stones.

. Agriculture both crops and livestock production

. Karamojong traditions have untapped creativity which could effectively make them competitive in their current form. Karamojong arts and craft, music, textile, architectural designs of their homes (Manyatta) have shown the quality that could make them competitive items of trade. The skills exhibited in these areas are rooted in the African experience Art and craft (e.g wood curving, Beading and weaving); therefore  Develop skills development clusters that support different but interlinked sectors.  Provide multifaceted opportunities (formal education, vocational, in-company training).  Identify and absorb “relevant best practice” from abroad but adapt to local contexts.  Expand skills linked with needs of the economy and society.

. Poor people’s livelihoods in Karamoja region rely heavily on natural resources such as soil, water, forests, and wildlife). Renewable natural resources underpin commercial and subsistence activities and often provide a safety net for the poor in times of crisis. Align courses to local available resources: This will enhance innovation, creativity and value addition to turn the existing resources into products that can be tested and put into the market.

. Build on traditional skills (agro pastoral, arts and crafts etc).

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9.0 BTVET in Karamoja Regional Perspective: “Skills Provision” in the Intervention Area

9.1 Analysis of current situation of Technical Institutions

9.1.1 The Skills Training Suppliers: - Abim Technical Institute According to the CAO of Abim, the biggest challenge met in Abim, was with the issue of peoples’ attitude towards work! Men were the most culprits, generally men do not want to work. He emphasised that the new project in skills training should target young women mostly, as they are very hard working, nevertheless, organize short courses for them, as most are married and having families to take care of.

He informed the team that if you visited the Institute you will find most of the trainees were from far districts and not from Karamoja, which was confirmed true, out of the 55 students who had reported we met only 10 students from Karamoja and no Karamojong instructor among the 25 instructors on the pay roll. See the table below.

Table 6: Showing Abim Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area

ABIM TECHNICAL INSTITUTE 2016 - Capability Area No FACILITIES Accommodation

. No of

Trainees

per

course

Nos

Nos.

Sector

Nos of Nos

ICTLab

Male

w/shops

Qualified

Female

Instructors Instructors

Equipment

COURSE

Hand Tools Hand

Dining Hall Dining

NOT Qualified NOT

No. of students students of No.

from the region the from

Awarding board Awarding

No of Classrooms of No

Male

Proximity to private private to Proximity

Femal e 1 BCP 12 0 02 X 1 3 0 X M X 1 UBTEB Y U X 2 MVT 12 0 03 X 1 1 2 X M X UBTEB Y U X 3 C&J 09 0 00 X 1 2 0 X M X UBTEB U X 4 TCG 00 22 05 X 1 3 0 X M X UBTEB U X T 4 33 22 10 X 4 09 02 X M X UBTEB KEY X = NIL U = Under- Construction Y = YES (Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016)

On Performance of the institute, the team was not very convinced with the rating of UBTEB, when such Institute are rated to have performed better than other institutions based on the numbers of passes; The institute sits only 10 students, and by chance all the trainees pass, then this institute will be credited better than the institute that had 300 trainees and 200 students pass very well, but will be rated lower than the other which had 10 students only, and this why in 2013, Abim was rated the best institute. The 2015 results were not available as UBTEB had not released the results at the time of the study. See that table below:

Table 7: Showing ABIM Technical Institute Performance Summary Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Complet No of Students Comple No of Students passed Students ion tion Courses/Trades Total M F Ratio Total M F Ratio Total M F BCP - - - - 18 18 00 100% 25 25 00 60% MVT - - - - 10 10 00 100% 25 25 00 70% C&J - - - - 03 03 00 100% 10 10 00 95% TCG - - - - 04 00 04 50% 20 02 18 50% NCA 30 15 15 TOTAL - - - - 35 31 04 100% 110 77 33 Passed CERTIFICATION: UBTEB UBTEB Source: MoESTS Statistics Department (2014).

9.1.2 Aridland Development Programme (ADP) is a Community based Christian Organization started in 2004 and acquired the status of an NGO in April 2008. ADP is registered to cover the whole of Uganda, but due to the above stated situation, ADP majorly focus on districts in Karamoja region in its

48

community development programs. In its strategic plan 2012-2015 ADP identified Agriculture Vocational Education and Training (AVET) as one of the core area of intervention.

ADP has been involved in skills development as an integrated part of its on-going programs in the region. ADP has been involved in skills development as an integrated part of its on-going programs in the region. ADP is actively engaged in rural skills development e.g. BCP, Motor Cycle Repair and Maintenance, C&J, TCG, bicycle repairs and fabrications, weaving. See the table below showing the performance of ADP Skills training program.

Table 8: Showing ADP Performance Summary Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Students Completi No of Students Compl No of Students Comple No. of Courses/Trades T M F on T M F etion T M F tion student Ratio Ratio Ratio s from the region Tailoring 75 05 70 95% 11 01 10 100% 07 00 07 100% 100% Bicycle repair 25 25 00 90% 11 11 00 100% 20 18 02 90% 100% and fabrication Bakery and 100 05 95 95% 20 05 15 100% 20 02 18 95% 100% catering Hair 40 10 30 98% 20 05 15 85% 10 03 07 100% 100% dressing/Baber Knitting and 57 00 57 92% 25 00 25 100% 10 00 10 100% 100% weaving Brick laying and 24 24 00 80% 20 20 00 100% 15 15 00 75% 100% concrete practice 321 69 252 107 42 65 82 38 44 Certification: DIT WorkersPAS WorkersPAS (Source ADP External Evaluation of TVET/JBS 2011 – 2015 Final Report)

Those programs are offered to the vulnerable youths as a means an alternative source of income to buy food, take children to school and pay medical bills. The beneficiaries of projects are women, youth, local communities and other vulnerable groups. In the next 5 years, ADP will introduce LSD to reinforce its efforts in all its Programme Development Areas to effectively reach all the needy persons who are willing to transform and become better citizens. The programs are offered in non-formal training and certified by UGAPRIVI through the Worker’sPAS. 9.1.3 Kaabong Technical Institute

Kaabong Technical institute started in 2009, as one of the presidential pledge to the district. Most of the infrastructure is incomplete. There are no workshops. The institute admits students for both formal and non-formal. Currently the institute has 154 students mostly from surrounding districts outside Karamoja (Amuria, Katakwi, Lira, Sebei and Mbale) with only 10 students from Karamoja region. There 18 Instructors covering BCP, MVT, C&J, TCG, and AGRI with a total of 25 support staffs according to the Deputy Principal. The Deputy Principal could not avail the UBTEB results as the principal’s office was locked.

Table 9: Showing Kaabong Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area Kaabong Technical Institute 2016 - Capability Area

FACILITIES Accommodation

N No of

o Trainees

. per course Hall

Nos

Nos.

ICTLab

Male

Qualified

Female

the region the

Instructors Instructors

Equipment

COURSE

Hand Tools Hand

Dining Dining

NOT Qualified NOT

Male

Awarding board Awarding

No of Classrooms of No

Female

No. of students from from students of No.

Nos of w/shops of Nos private to Proximity Sector 1 BCP 35 0 02 X 1 3 0 X M X 2 UBTEB Y U X 2 MVT 35 0 03 X 1 1 2 X M X UBTEB Y U X 3 C&J 15 0 00 X 1 2 0 X M X UBTEB U X 4 TCG 35 22 05 X 1 3 0 X M X UBTEB U X 5 AGRI 10 02 T 4 130 24 10 X 4 09 02 X M X UBTEB

49

KEY X = NIL U = Under- Construction Y = YES Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

According to the Deputy Principal Kaabong TI, the Performance of the institute has been good and most of the trainees could do better if the Institute had better tools and equipment for practical work. The 2015 results were not available as UBTEB had not released the results at the time of the study. See that table below:

Table 10: Showing Kaabong Technical Institute Performance Summary Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Students Completi No of Students Complet No of Students Completi Courses/Trade TOTAL M F on Tota Mal F ion Tota M F on s Ratio l e Ratio l Ratio BCP 09 09 00 95% 10 20 00 100% 11 11 00 100% MVT 08 08 00 90% 20 20 00 90% 10 10 00 100% C&J 10 09 01 95% 20 10 10 95% 05 05 00 100% NCA 11 11 00 92% 10 10 00 100% 08 05 03 100% TCG 25 - 25 50% 20 00 20 75% 06 00 06 50% TOTAL 63 27 26 40 31 09 100% CERTIFICATION: DIT UBTEB UBTEB Source: MoESTS Statistics Department (2014).

9.1.4 Kotido Technical Institute Kotido Technical institute started in 2009, as one of the presidential pledge to the people of Kotido district. Most of the infrastructure around is complete, however the workshops are not equipped and lacks all kind of tools and equipment. The institute admits students for both formal and non-formal. Currently the institute has 22 students mostly from surrounding districts outside Karamoja (Lira, Palisa, Luwero and Mbale, with only 4 from Karamoja region. There 9 Instructors covering BCP, MVT, C&J, TCG, and AGRIC with a total of 5 support staffs.

Table 11: Showing Kotido Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area Kotido Technical Institute - Capability Area 2016:

FACILITIES Accomm

odation

No. No of Trainees

per course

Nos

Nos.

region

ICTLab

Qualified

Male

Instructors Instructors

Equipment

Dining Hall Dining

Hand Tools Hand

Female

NOT Qualified NOT

No. of students students of No.

Awarding board Awarding

No of Classrooms of No

Female

from the Karamoja Karamoja the from

COURSE Male w/shops of Nos private to Proximity Sector 1 BCP 30 X 2 01 01 01 02 Y Y X 3kms UBTEB X X Y 2 MVT 18 x X 01 01 X 02 Y Y X 3kms UBTEB X X Y 3 C&J 07 x x X 01 01 02 Y Y x UBTEB x x Y 4 NCA 03 01 X x 01 02 X Y Y X UBTEB X X Y 5 TCG X 03 x 01 01 01 01 Y Y x UBTEB x x Y 6 HD X X x x x x x Y x UBTEB x x Y Total 58 04

KEY X = NIL U = Under-Construction Y = YES Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016 We are currently using the dining hall for accommodation because of the distance between private social sectors and the institute. - The Principal Stated. The Kotido Technical Institute performance in National Examination results were not available to ascertain their performance, as the Institute has never presented trainees for examinations before. No results for 2012-2014 because the institute presented students for exams in Jan 2015 & June2015. At the time of our visit, UBTEB had not yet released the results. (See the table below)

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Table 12: Showing Kotido Technical Institute Performance Summary on UNEB OR UBTEB EXAMS Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Students Completion No of Students Completion No of Students Completion Courses/Trades Total M F Ratio Total M F Ratio Total M F Ratio

TOTAL CERTIFICATION: DIT UBTEB UBTEB Source: Kotido Technical institute (2016).

9.1.5 Moroto Technical Institute Moroto technical Institute is among the Presidential pledges of 2009. The institute is located on the outskirt of Moroto Municipality. The institute is in a very poor shape, no workshops, scanty equipment and tools too. Student admission is very low, and accommodation facilities are in very sorry state. The Principal took us around on site visit, we found that glasses of the institute were broken, the walls of the building developed a very big crack, which are very dangerous, could be termed unsafe but this was also seen in the other institution, of which they explained was a characteristic of most structures in Moroto caused by soil depression.

Table 13: Showing Moroto Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area Moroto Technical Institute - Capability Area

FACILITIES Accommodation

No No of

. Trainees per

course

Nos

Nos.

Nos of Nos

ICTLab

w/shops

Qualified

Male

the region the

Instructors Instructors

Equipment

Hand Tools Hand

Female

COURSE

NOT Qualified NOT

Dining Hall Dining

Awarding board Awarding

No of Classrooms of No

Male

Female

No. of students from from students of No.

Proximity to private private to Proximity Sector 1 BCP 04 00 02 X 01 01 00 X M X 1 UBTEB Y U X 2 MV 11 00 01 X 01 01 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X T 3 C&J 01 00 00 X 01 03 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X 4 TCG 00 01 00 X 01 03 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X T 4 16 01 03 X 04 08 00 X M X UBTEB KEY X = NIL U = Under- Construction Y = YES Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

The 2015 results were not available as UBTEB had not released the results at the time of the study. See that table below: Table 14: Showing Moroto Technical Institute Performance Summary Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Students Completio No of Students Completio No of Students Completio Courses/Trades T M F n Ratio T M F n Ratio T M F n Ratio BCP 15 15 00 95% 11 11 00 100% 10 10 00 100% MVT 15 15 00 90% 12 12 00 100% 20 20 00 90% C&J 10 09 01 95% 06 06 00 100% 10 10 00 95% TCG 10 02 08 98% 10 01 09 85% 10 00 10 100% TOTAL 50 41 09 39 30 09 50 40 10 CERTIFICATION: DIT UBTEB UBTEB

9.1.6 St. Daniel Comboni Comboni Technical Institute is one of the oldest VTC in Karamoja region, it has offered training to several trainees for years; They offer TCG, BCP, MVT, C&J to almost 300 students annually on both Junior certificate and Craft certificate. They are moderately well equipped and offer hands on training. One of the challenge they face, is lack of enough accommodation for both boys and girls. The trained for C&D during the VSO project 280 trainees in various courses.

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The Institute has a physical plan available (2005) indicating most of the facilities, excluding the girls dorm, the new classroom blocks and the MVT workshop. The general campus layout is simple and acceptable. The institute has  MVT workshop: which is empty and poorly designed and located  Carpentry workshop: 2 machines, partially broken  Tailoring: good number of sewing machines  ICT room is waiting for computers (‘they are coming’), no ICT in the classrooms  Library has a small but outdated collection of books

Electricity:  From the grid, around 50% available, only single-phase, so not sufficient for the technical equipment  Solar system installed 5 years ago, but only works during the day (inverter and batteries to be analysed)  Back-up generator functioning, also used for running the technical equipment Water:  Two boreholes with pumps, sufficient capacity, issues with maintenance and power  30,000 l water tank available Renewable energy: The solar system that is not functioning properly, no facilities for renewable energy are available. Waste disposal:  Solid waste - shallow pit, nothing separated  Sceptic tanks of the dorms fill very quickly so either the capacity is too small or they are leaking (see below on damages, indicating that it is likely that the tanks fill up with ground water) Damages: except for one block (the classroom block built in 2008), all facilities show minor and major cracks. These can either be the result of improper foundation designs or from improper construction methods during the execution. The result is that the foundations are sinking and rising (clay ground can shrink and expand drastically depending on the amount of water absorbed) at different locations instead of settling uniformly. The cracks are visible in al facilities and major repairs are needed to avoid further damaging or even collapsing (in fact, some of the facilities could be considered as unsafe).

9.1.7 Cooperation and Development (C&D) C&D is an Italian development Cooperation in Uganda with support from Italy. In “2013, C&D won tender from VSO to run a Skills Training. The project ran around 2013 – 2015, with a total of 2100 youths for the whole of Karamoja. C&D had no capacity to reach all these youths in such a period of time, they sub contracted training St. Daniel Comboni and Kaabong Technical Institute see the graphs below:

C&D Table 15: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 3rd in take. UPDATE 0N ENROLMENT STATISTICS - C&D 3RD INTAKE (Feb- August 2015) S/N COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABILITY YOUTH DROP OUT DIT/ Final YOUTH GRADUATED MALE FEMALE Assessment MALE FEMALE 1 MASONRY 25 2 0 0 8 19 19 0 2 WATER TECHNICIAN 24 3 1 0 3 24 21 3 3 COMPUTER 18 14 1 0 5 27 13 14 4 MECHANICS 36 2 1 0 2 36 34 2 5 ANIMAL HEALTH 31 7 0 0 4 34 27 7 6 TAILORING 4 23 0 0 6 21 3 18 7 BAKERY 7 18 0 0 5 20 7 13 8 AGRO FORESTRY 24 10 1 0 8 26 14 12 9 CHILD CARE 4 25 0 3 26 4 22 TOTAL 173 104 4 0 44 233 142 91

Please Note: 233 students successfully completed the training under VSO YDP in diferent courses.

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Table 16: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 2nd in take.

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTICS - C&D 2ND INTAKE (June- December 2014) S/N COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABILITY YOUTH DROP OUT DIT/ Final YOUTH GRADUATED MALE FEMALE Assessment MALE FEMALE 1 MASONRY 13 1 1 13 13 0 2 WATER TECHNICIAN 14 7 2 19 11 8 3 COMPUTER 22 16 1 10 28 15 13 4 ANIMAL HEALTH 25 10 5 30 21 9 5 TAILORING 1 23 1 0 24 2 22 6 BAKERY 4 16 1 1 19 4 15 7 AGRO FORETRY 21 15 7 29 17 12 8 CHILD CARE 4 17 3 18 4 14 9 MECHANICS 23 1 0 24 23 1 TOTAL 127 106 2 1 29 204 110 94

Please Note: Out of 233 students enrolled, 204 successfully completed the training.

Table 17: Showing enrolment of C&D Training 1st in take

UPDATE 0N ENROLMENT STATISTICS - C&D 1st INTAKE (Nov 13- May 2014) DIT/ Final S/NOCOURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUT Assessment YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE 1 COMPUTER 13 23 2 1 36 17 19 2 MECHANICES 9 3 12 9 3 3 ANMAL HEALTH 13 5 18 13 5 4 WATER TECHINACIAN 19 3 22 19 3 5 CHILD CARE 5 10 1 15 6 9 6 BAKERY 2 15 1 1 16 2 14 7 TAILORING 8 19 1 6 21 6 15 8 MASONRY 14 0 1 2 12 12 0 TOTAL 83 78 5 1 10 152 84 68 Please Note: Out of 160 students enrolled, 152 successfully completed the training.

Table 18: Showing enrolment of 1st intake of St. Daniel Comboni on C&D/VSO Contract STUDENT ENROLLMENT STATUS IN ST DANIEL COMBONI, NAOI UNDER VSO YDP UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- ST DANIEL NAOI, 1st Intake; March 2014- Sept 2014 S/NO COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUTDIT ENROLED YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE 1 Tailoring 10 26 1 0 5 30 3 27 2 BCP 37 0 1 0 1 37 37 0 3 Mechanics 35 1 1 0 8 36 34 2 4 CJ 20 0 1 0 10 19 19 0 TOTAL 102 27 4 0 24 122 93 29

122 students graduated from 1st intake. No DIT enrolment, they were assessed by the institute.

Table 19: Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of St. Daniel Comboni on C&D/VSO Contract

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- ST DANIEL NAOI, 2nd Intake, Nov 2014- May 2015 S/NO COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUTDIT ENROLED YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE Tailoring 4 30 1 1 21 36 4 32 BCP 37 1 0 0 18 35 34 1 Mechanics 35 0 0 0 9 32 32 0 CJ 8 1 0 0 8 8 8 0 Catering 0 15 0 0 10 17 0 17 TOTAL 84 47 1 1 66 128 78 50

128 students graduated. No DIT enrolment, they were assessed by the institute. Replacement was done to meet the target

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Table 20: Showing enrolment of 1st intake of Kaabong TI on C&D/VSO Contract

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- KAABONG, INTAKE 1; Feb 2014- August 2014 S/NOCOURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUT DIT ENROLLEDYOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE 1 Motor Vehicle Technician 31 4 0 0 0 35 33 2 2 Carpentry and Joinery 35 0 0 0 8 35 27 0 3 Brick laying and concrete practice 34 1 0 0 12 33 20 1 4 Tailoring and Garment Cutting 2 43 1 0 1 45 2 42 TOTAL 102 48 1 0 21 148 82 45

Table 21: Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of Kaabong TI on C&D/VSO Contract

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- KAABONG, INTAKE 2; Sept 2014- May 2015 DIT S/NO COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUT ENROLLED YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE 1 Motor Vehicle Technician 33 2 0 0 9 30 20 1 2 Carpentry and Joinery 10 0 0 2 10 8 0 3 Brick laying and concrete practice 35 0 1 0 5 34 29 0 4 Tailoring and Garment Cutting 2 48 1 0 12 50 1 37 5 Agriculture 9 1 0 0 1 10 7 2 6 Hair dressing 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 10 TOTAL 89 61 2 0 29 144 65 50 Table 22: Showing enrolment of 1 & 2nd intake of Moroto on C&D/VSO Contract

UPDATES ON STUDENT ENROLLMENT: MOROTO TECH, NAPAK

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- MOROTO TECH, 1st Intake; May 2014- Oct 2014 S/NO COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUT DIT/ FINAL ASSESSMENT YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE Tailoring 8 41 2 3 5 48 7 40 BCP 49 1 1 0 3 50 49 0 Mechanics 30 0 1 0 7 30 29 0 CJ 18 0 1 0 5 18 17 0 TOTAL 105 42 5 3 20 146 102 40 142 STUDNETS GRADUATED UNDER DIFFERENT COURSES ENROLLED

UPDATE ON ENROLMENT STATISTIC- MOROTO TECH, 2nd Intake; May 2015- Oct 2015 S/NO COURSE MALE FEMALE DISABLE YOUTH DROP OUT DIT ENROLLED YOUTH GRAUDAUTED MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE Tailoring 4 25 0 2 1 29 2 26 BCP 49 1 4 0 11 50 38 1 CJ 23 0 0 0 6 20 14 0 Mechanics 44 1 2 0 9 45 35 1

TOTAL STUDENTS WHO GRADUATED UNDER DIT: 117

Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

Table 23: Showing enrolment of 1st intake of Kotido TI (Human Technical) on C&D/VSO Contract

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Source: Kotido Technical Institute Field based data-BTC March 2016.

KOTIDO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE NON FORMAL 1st in Take S/ Course Enrolled Disable Drop DIT/Final Youth Graduated N Trainees Youth out Assessment M F M F Male Female 1 Building and Concrete Practice (BCP) 59 01 00 00 08 52 51 01 2 Motor Vehicle Mechanics (MVM) 19 04 00 00 00 23 19 04 3 Carpentry and Joinery (CJ) 26 01 00 00 00 27 26 01 4 Knitting (KNT) 01 28 00 01 00 29 01 28 5 Agriculture 13 08 00 00 00 21 13 08 6 Motor Cycle Repair ( MCR) 20 00 00 00 00 20 20 00 7 Hair Dressing 01 48 00 02 06 43 01 42 8 Tailoring Cutting Garment (TCG) 13 58 01 04 07 64 13 51 TOTALS 152 148 01 08 21 279 144 135

Table 24: Showing enrolment of 2nd intake of Kotido TI (Human Technical) on C&D/VSO Contract KOTIDO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE NON FORMAL 2nd In-Take S/N Course Enrolled Disable Drop DIT/Final Youth Graduated Trainees Youth out Assessment M F M F Male Female 1 Building and Concrete Practice (BCP) 67 03 00 00 00 70 67 03 2 Motor Vehicle Mechanic (MVT) 34 02 00 00 00 35 33 02 3 Carpentry and Joinery (CJ) 27 01 00 00 00 28 27 01 4 Knitting (KNT) 15 04 00 00 00 19 15 04 5 Agriculture 16 04 00 00 00 20 16 04 6 Motor Cycle Repair 26 01 00 00 00 27 26 01 7 Hair Dressing 00 58 00 03 01 58 00 58 8 Tailoring 10 47 02 01 56 11 45 TOTALS 195 120 313 195 118

Source: Kotido Technical Institute Field based data-BTC March 2016.

9.1.8 Summary of Non-Formal Training for the Year 2014/15 for Karamoja Region. Several development partners supported skills training through various Technical and Vocational training in Karamoja region, data we managed to get, were from C&D- who were the main gate way of the VSO/YDP project, they facilitated trainings for the youths through Kotido TI and Human Technical, St. Daniel Comboni, Kaabong TI, and Moroto TI. C&D had a total enrolment of 2100 trainees, 2055 completed the training.

Other training providers were ADP in Abim with support from the Dutch NGO, Woord en Daad Foundation supported trainings in Abim district, and 510 youths were reached. Yet UNDP through other providers like ILO, VEDCO and Abim Technical Institute managed to reach 276 youths. Based on the secondary data availed to us, a total of 2565 youths were reached between 2014/2015, out of that total there were 1213 female trainee who participated 47% and 1352 male trainees representing 53%. Majority of the trainees were Karamojong although it was not captured in their records. (See the table below)

Table 25: Showing Summary of Non-Formal Training for the Year 2014/15. Name of Training Provider Enrolled Male Female Completed Dropped C&D 1st In-take - 160 84 68 152 08 2nd In take - 233 110 94 204 29 3rd Intake - 233 142 91 233 00 Comboni 1st In-take - 122 93 29 122 00 2nd In take - 128 78 50 128 00 Kotido TI (Human Technical) 1st In-take - 300 152 148 279 21 2nd In take - 315 195 120 313 02 Kaabong 1st In-take- 150 82 45 127 23 2nd In take - 150 65 50 115 35 Moroto 1st In-take - 147 102 40 142 05 2nd In take- 117 100 17 117 00 TOTAL ENROLLED FOR C&D 2055 1203 852 ADP Abim 2013- 321 69 252 321 00 2014 - 107 42 65 107 00 2015 38 44 82 00 Total enrolled by ADP 510 149 361

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2014-2015- UNDP & OTHERS UNDP/ABIM TECH INSTITUTE 60 29 31 UNDP/ILO - ABIM 25 14 11 UNDP/VEDCO 95 52 43 UNDP/ILO KABONG 27 15 12 UNDP/ILO - MOROTO 35 24 11 UNDP/ILO - AMUDAT 25 13 12 Grand Total for Karamoja 2565 1352 1213 Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

9.1.9 Nakapiripirit Technical Institute Is a government supported post O‟ level institution under the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports. It was founded by the Presidential Initiative and started on 29th March 2011. It is a mixed boarding institution and since its inception, have had the highest enrolment constant at one hundred and ten (110) students with the highest female enrolment of 34% in 2014 and the male enrolment highest at 89% in 2011 and 2012. It currently offers the following Craft Certificate Courses under Formal Program:  Building and Concrete Practice Part 1,  Motor vehicle Technician Course Part 1,  National Certificate in Agriculture,  Electrical Installation Course B,  Tailoring and Cutting Garments Part 1.

Table 26: Showing Nakapiripirit Technical Institute Capability Assessment Area Nakapiripirit Technical Institute – Capability Area FACILITIES Accommoda

tion

N No of

o Trainees

board

. per

Nos course Nos.

Sector Sector

region

Nos of Nos

ICTLab

w/shops

Qualified

Male

Instructors Instructors

Equipment

Dining Hall Dining

Hand Tools Hand

Female

NOT Qualified NOT

Awarding

No of Classrooms of No

COURSE PAX COURSE

Proximity to private private to Proximity

Male

Female

No. of students from the from students of No. 1 BCP 25 25 00 02 X 01 01 00 X M X 3 UBTEB Y U X 2 MVT 25 25 00 04 X 01 01 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X 3 NCA 25 15 10 02 X 01 03 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X 4 EI 25 20 05 00 X 01 03 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X 5 TCG 10 10 10 05 X 01 02 00 X M X UBTEB Y U X T 5 95 25 13 X 04 08 00 X M X UBTEB KEY X = NIL U = Under- Construction Y = YES Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

The enrolment since 2011 to 2014 has been as shown below: The 2015 results were not available as UBTEB had not released the results at the time of the study. Table 27: Showing Nakapiripirit Technical Institute Performance Summary Year 2012 2013 2014 Gender No of Students Completion No of Students Completion No of Completion Ratio Ratio Students Ratio Courses/Trades T M F T Male F T M F BCP 05 05 00 95% 11 11 00 100% 20 20 00 100% MVT 05 05 00 90% 20 20 00 100% 20 20 00 90% NCA 10 09 01 95% 20 14 06 100% 20 10 10 95% EI 04 04 00 98% 20 15 05 85% 20 13 07 100% TCG ------05 00 05 75% TOTAL 24 23 01 71 60 11 68 17 Certification: DIT UBTEB UBTEB Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

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Situation analysis on infrastructure and equipment provision:  The institute is not fenced to guarantee the security of girls.  The building lack lightening conductors / arresters to guarantee the safety of girls  The departments: agriculture, Building, Electrical, and motor vehicle lack workshops/ garage, laboratory from which practical tests are conducted.  Currently the girls are tentatively sleeping in the tailoring classroom; their dormitory is incomplete requiring rendering, wall/floor finish and shuttering with windows and doors.  The institute lacks a substantive appointed nurse and Sickbay, the sick students sleep in the same dormitory with students in good health  The girls have a very weak background in science subjects when at secondary school level and provision of a well-equipped biology/agriculture laboratory will uplift them in science.  The institute lacks a dining hall; students eat meals from their dormitories.  The games and sports facilities are not yet constructed  Currently the institute is using borehole water which dries during dry spells and requires to drill to lower depth below the water table and to add more pipes.  Initially in plan, each of the boys and girls dormitory blocks was to have rain water harvesting system installed and 10,000 litre tank each, but the plan did not materialize, it is vital that this roof harvesting system is installed.

Napak and Amudat have no BTVET technical Institute, although the Moroto technical institute currently belongs to Napak district according to new creation of new district of Napak

9.2 Issues on Admission, Completion and Assessment; The analysis of the data gathered through the questionnaire, field visits and secondary data review raised the following key issues: Numbers that get into VTI are very low in the whole of Karamoja regional technical Institutes, at the same time the dropout rate is equally very high as observed from the table below.

Table 28: Showing enrolment of trainees for the year 2015 Nos Training Providers Admissi M F Completion Assessment by on Numbers in % DIT/ UBTEB 1 Nakapiripirit Technical 85 68 17 55% UBTEB 2 Moroto Technical 50 40 10 45% UBTEB 3 St. Daniel Comboni 234 164 70 65% UBTEB 4 Kotido Technical 34 18 16 30% UBTEB 5 Kaabong Technical 40 31 09 30% UBTEB 6 Abim Technical 110 77 33 50% UBTEB Non Formal Training Provision by NGOs ADP - ABIM Depends 75% - 90% DIT/WorkersPAS C&D Moroto Depends 70%-90% DIT Source: Field based data-BTC March 201

9. 3 Issues for the BTVET in the Region 9.3. 1 Capacity of training provision in the 7 study districts . Organized capacity for technical skills training in the 7 study districts is extremely limited. Observers put it on the negative attitude of Karamojong youths towards skills training. Generally men in Karamoja do not want to work, and skills training tend to send these young people towards work and therefore they lose interest, However the CAO of Abim emphasized that the project should target women/Girls who have completed primary and secondary, as these will give the project a good result since it is the general knowledge that Karamojong girls/women are the bread winners.

. In all public and private institutions visited, there was less than 10% of Karamoja students, most of which are boys and in some institutions there are no Karamojong girls. Most students are from neighboring districts, on probing further as to why, according to the districts’ and institutions’ authorities the reasons are varied including but not limited to;  Lack of freedom to drinking alcohol, and freedom to movement

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 Lack of interest by Karamojong’s to take TVET training. For example OPM program failed to raise 10 students per district to provide TVET training on full scholarship for Karamojong.  Preference for short courses as compared to long term training.  High dropout rate. Even where the course is fully sponsored success factor is below 50%.  Inability to afford fees and other requirements. Based on the above, the assessment team is of the view that project should focus much more on non- formal skills development approaches if the Karamojong are to fully participate in the learning.

. All public technical Institutes in Karamoja region, are ill equipped to effectively deliver skills training, the facilities are dilapidated, the training equipment scanty and often defunct, training materials not available and the instructors are not all qualified and de-motivated. Training providers (TPs) have a narrow scope of what they offer; it will be a demanding task for BTC and its partners to equip, build workshops, and prepare the current VTI partners to quickly respond to the market demand of skills required.

. The development of new courses will be priority for the project in order to respond to the sectors with potential to growth, climate change in the region and green jobs being demanded by the market. Most of concrete products being used are coming from out the region, occupation in transport sector and service industry.

. Part of the problem of very high VTI youth drop out is blamed on long duration of training in the traditional courses of 2 years. Karamojong youths who participate in these courses are already committed young people with the family obligations, therefore some require quick wins, in terms of training (short course) that will translate in income generation.

. Most of the training providers offer similar course throughout the whole region meaning that there is less innovation and motivation to find new interesting courses.

. Amudat is one district with the highest number of illiterate people in the whole country, has no single technical or vocational training institute be it a public or private in the whole region, NGOs like ZOA have supported a few trainees to access training outside the district.

. Strategic planning: All visited institutions had no strategic plans and therefore difficult to predict the future direction. This is likely to misdirect the current and future development / investment in the institutions

10.0 Selection Criteria used. Basing on the data collected, selection of Training Providers in Karamoja region comprising of Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit and Napak Districts training providers in the intervention area focused on all 7 existing formal BTVET institutions (VTI) and 2 major NGO Skills training providers (ADP and C&D6). The drive of this study was to identify potential beneficiary institutions and to provide a concise analysis of their performance (and needs). The selection of the institutions focused on the following dimensions:

Table 29: Showing Selection Criteria and Scores for each Training Provider

Selection criteria SCORES Public Private NGOs

ADP

C&D

ABIM TI ABIM

COMBONI

KOTIDO TI KOTIDO

St. DANIEL St.

Maximum score 4 score Maximum

MOROTO TI MOROTO

KAABONG TI KAABONG

NAKAPIRIPIRITI Student enrolment and performance per trade for the 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 last three years performance per trade for the last three years 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Availability of qualified instructors 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 Availability of power/electricity 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 4

6 ADP- Arid Land Development Program, C&D – Cooperation & Development an Italian NGO. 58

Availability of equipment 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 Availability of Tools 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 Availability of ICT Labs 4 0 1 2 1 2 3 0 0 Availability of IT network coverage 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 Availability of land for future expansion 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Proximity to Business centre & Relation to Private sector 4 1 2 2 1 3 4 4 3 Total 40 16 16 17 17 23 29 32 31 Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

10.1 Based on the above criteria, each of the institution has been assessed and in summary: Abim technical Institute scored 16 points as the poorer institution based on the lack of electricity, no internet connection, no ICT lab, lack workshops, tools and equipment for practical work, no fencing on school compound and complete isolation from private sector activities. Abim technical institute is 25 KM from Abim town where the town is now connected to electricity grid. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by UBTEB

10.1.1 Kaabong technical Institute scored 16 points as another poorer institution based on the lack of workshops for practical work, lack of electricity, no internet connection, no ICT lab, no fencing on school compound, lack workshops, tools and equipment for practical work, and complete isolation from private sector activities. Kaabong technical institute is 5 KM from Kaabong town where the town is now connected to electricity grid. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by UBTEB

10.1.2 Kotido Technical Institute scored 17 points as another poorer institution based on the low levels of enrolment, low levels of completion, lack of workshops for practical work, lack of electricity, no internet connection, no ICT lab, no equipment for practical work, and complete isolation from private sector activities. Kaabong technical institute is 5 KM from Kotido town where the town is now connected to electricity grid. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by UBTEB

10.1.3 Moroto Technical Institute located in Napak district scored 17 points as another poorer institution based on the low levels of enrolment, low levels of completion, lack of workshops for practical work, lack of electricity, no internet connection, no ICT lab, no equipment for practical work, not fenced - cows just graze around and complete isolation from private sector activities. Moroto technical institute is 15 KM from Moroto Municipality and 10 Km from Kangole Trading centre. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by UBTEB

10.1.4 Nakapiripirit Technical Institute located in Nakapiripirit district scored 23 points as one of the average public institute. This was based on the average levels of enrolment, 65% levels of completion rate, however the lack of workshops for practical work, lack of electricity, no internet connection, no ICT lab, no equipment for practical work, not fenced. The other good points is that the location is fair about 3 KM from the private sector business hub, but also the institute has a network with private sector. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by UBTEB

10.1.5 St. Daniel Comboni Polytechnic located within the Moroto Municipality. Comboni scored 29 points as the best technical institute in the Karamoja region, offering a two year course. Although the institute is facing a problem of infrastructure, as the current ones are getting earth depression, one will observe seriousness on the part of the management, the investment made and utilization capacity and future plans too being very positive. All trainees who complete their course are assessed by DIT and UBTEB

10.1.6 C&D is an Italian International NGO located within the Moroto Municipality. C&D scored 32 points as the highest, although they are not part of the formal training but non- formal training provider. No doubt C&D at their campus are very good with all the required tools, equipment, working space. They are good at several trades, and recently they have just concluded a non-formal training of the youths for DFID/VSO program with 2100 youths completing their training. They used outreach partnership model by using other BTVET institutions and other providers to train on their behalf. 30% of the trainees underwent certification by DIT as the costs were very prohibitive.

10.1.7 Aridland Development Programme (ADP) is a Community based Christian Organization started in 2004 and acquired the status of an NGO in April 2008. ADP is registered to cover the whole

59 of Uganda, but due to the above stated situation, ADP will majorly focus on districts in Karamoja region in its community development programs. In its strategic plan 2012-2015 Aridland Development Programme (ADP) identified Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET as one of the core area of intervention. ADP has been involved in skills development as an integrated part of its on-going programs in the region. ADP is actively engaged in rural skills development e.g. tailoring, bicycle repairs and fabrications, weaving. These activities are to provide an alternative income to buy food, take children to school and pay medical bills. The beneficiaries of projects are women, youth, local communities and other vulnerable groups. In the next 5 years, ADP will introduce LSD to reinforce its efforts in all its Programme Development Areas to effectively reach all the needy persons who are willing to transform and become better citizens. Based on the evaluation of ADP Skills training of 2014, Out of a total of 177 graduates, 108 are in Self-employment on an individual basis, 50 graduates working in groups, 17 in formal employment and 2 graduates went back to school. This indicates a commendable achievement in transforming the vulnerable into productive citizens by giving them a second chance through TVET. All trainees were underwent assessment and certification by UGAPRIVI- WorkersPAS.

11.0 Insertion into the Job markets All the BTVET Institutions visited had no data on their graduates who are in formal or self-employment. Tracer studies and having no functional alumni which could help institutions to estimate how many carpenters/builders/motor vehicle mechanics are needed in the region for the next three years and even which trade to phase out. The NGOs, like ADP and C&D had both conducted tracer studies for their trainees, in the non-formal programs they offered, ADP had 52% in self-employment, 5% employed, volunteers 13% and 30% could not be traced. While as C&D through the Non Formal training they conducted for VSO/DFID they had 90% in self-employment, 9% volunteering and 1% untraceable.

12.0 Conclusion The stock-taking conducted under this LMS identified important skill shortages in all the 7 districts. In all the districts, illiteracy rates are still very high and enrolment in secondary education is still fairly low. Not surprisingly, many employers in these districts consider skill shortage as one of their main constraints in the operation of their business and potential for growth.

Increasing the quality of the labour force is essential to increase the productivity and the earnings of workers. Yet, in all districts, state-provided training services have been inadequate and disconnected from the requirements of employers. Interventions in skill formation should take into account that (i) Most training takes the form of on-the-job training; (ii) medium- and high skill workers are more likely to be trained by firms than low-skill provision of BTVET providers;; and (iii) economic analysis has often shown that the returns to human capital investments in workers are highest when workers are supported in furthering their general (school-provided) education.

13.0 Recommendations for Project Formulation To have meaning full impact in Karamoja region, there will be need to shift from Project base approach to a gradual process requiring multidimensional approaches and long term intervention, commitment and engagement for greater impact in this region. 1. Based on a comprensive problem analysis of Karamoja agro-Pastrol community, adopt Local Skills Development’ the non-formal educational and training system which is complemented with means of a mass- effective, low cost and efficient skills development which will provide an opportunity for the youth, young adults and interested adults to use the existing natural resources for enterprise creation and self- employment. 2. Based on findings of the assessment, the following institutions are hereby recommended to BTC and its skills partners for partnership to train youth in vocational skills. For now the following institution can start training given the situation in the region, but if the option of sending trainees outside the region please take it up in the 1st 2 years of the project, get them to become Karamojong trainers/instructors/champions. Table 30: Showing the final selected Partner Institutions. Nos Training Providers Proposed Sector Development Assessment by DIT/ UBTEB 1 Nakapiripirit Technical TCG, ICT Service Sector - Catering UBTEB 2 St. Daniel Comboni C&J, TCG, Catering, ICT UBTEB Non Formal Training Provision by NGOs ADP - ABIM Depends (Short Program) 75% - 90% DIT/WorkersPAS

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C&D Moroto Depends + 70%-90% DIT Apprenticeship in MVT, Welding, Construction (Short Program) Source: Field based data-BTC March 2016

Appendix 1 – Terms of Reference

SIMPLIFIED SPECIFICATIONS CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATION OF ADDENDUM TO THE “SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SKILLING UGANDA STRATEGY ((UGA160330T)”

1. 1 CONTACT PERSON AT BTC

NAME: Daniel Lubanga

FUNCTION: Assistant Programme Officer

ADDRESS: Plot 1B Lower Kololo Terrace

TEL.: +256 414 230541

E-MAIL: [email protected]

2. OBJECT OF THE REQUEST: The Belgian Development Agency, BTC is seeking consultancy services to conduct 2 preparatory surveys and participate in the formulation of an addendum to the project, “SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SKILLING UGANDA STRATEGY (UGA160330T)”, adding the Karamoja region as another field of intervention with the additional support from the Irish Government.

3. PLACE OF DESTINATION

CITY: KAMPALA COUNTRY: UGANDA

4. 4 PERFORMANCE ADDRESS 5. CONTACT PERSON AT DESTINATION

ADDRESS: NAME:

Belgian Development Agency, BTC

Plot 1B Lower Kololo Rose ATHIENO Terrace – Kampala Tel – 0414 230 541

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CP: CITY: KAMPALA FUNCTION: Programme Officer COUNTRY: UGANDA

TEL.: TEL.: 0414 230 541

FAX: Mobile phone:

E-MAIL: E-MAIL: [email protected]

5. (FINAL) DATE OF DELIVERY :

THE PROPOSAL SHALL BE DELIVERED BY 12:00 NOON ON 25/02/2016

6. SUBMISSION OF TENDERS: A complete proposal requires submission of a motivation to undertake this assignment and the price offer. An updated CV should also be attached to the motivation.

* The bidder is required to use the tender form attached to this specification.

7. EVALUATION CRITERIA

Criterion Description

1 Price (40%)

2 A motivation (maximum 2 pages) detailing how the expert fits into the required profile (60%)

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8 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS / TERMS OF REFERENCE

8.1 Background: This consultancy will be undertaken under the on-going intervention “SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SKILLING UGANDA STRATEGY (UGA 1402711)”. This project is part of the Indicative Cooperation Programme (ICP) between Belgium and Uganda, signed in 2012. The Specific Agreement for this project was signed on July the 28th 2015 between Belgium and Uganda. Consultancy services are required from one (BTVET expert to conduct 2 preparatory surveys and participate in the formulation of an addendum to the project, “SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SKILLING UGANDA STRATEGY (UGA160330T)”, adding the Karamoja region as another field of intervention with the additional support from the Irish Government. 8.2 Objectives of the formulation: The formulation will complement the data contained in the Technical and Financial File (TFF) of the above mentioned project, with the aim of defining a sound intervention strategy for an additional field component for the Karamoja region supported by the Irish Government. The formulation is expected to prepare an Addendum to the TFF composing of a technical and financial addendum to the delegation agreement between Ireland and BTC, enlarging the scope of the Support to Skilling Uganda project. Below we give an overview of the main tasks of the formulation team, as well as some specific issues that have been raised. 8.3 Specific issues: The consultant/formulation team will pay particular attention to the following issues:  A comprehensive problem and situation analysis is needed for the additional area of intervention in the Karamoja region. A comprehensive and updated problem analysis will allow the formulation team to make informed and appropriate choices. This includes the collection and analysis of information on the BTVET Sector, from a system-perspective, including two elements in specific:

 SD DEMAND side: Labour Market Study (private sector needs, labour market dynamics, potential growth sectors, etc.)

 SD SUPPLY side: Assessment of Skills Development providers and (the involved partners and stakeholders of) in the Karamoja region (including organisational structure, legal status, mandates, targeted vocations, number of disciplines/levels, training of staff, budget, experience in implementation, operation and maintenance of similar projects).

 Elaborate clear sustainable linkages between field component with policy / central level (policy development, capacity development and institutional strengthening, system improvement, …)

 The formulation will assess the options for introducing international best practices in BTVET reform, such as: - Application of reform processes in BTVET - Chain approach of skills provision at a local level - Managing of TVET institutions - TVET Linkages with the private sector - Competency based development of new training modules (inlcuding apprenticeship training programmes) - Work-Based Learning and in-company training, apprenticeship schemes, training of mastercrafts men and women - Rapid employment market scans - Greening TVET - …  Harmonisation & coordination - the formulation will consult actively with other similar projects (mainly WB and IDB) and explore existing opportunities for a (gradual) evolution towards a joint or coordinated support to BTVET involving other development partners.

 Monitor a balance between software and hardware aspects. With respect to the hardware investments,

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there is a need to prioritise them in function of the budget available for this type of activities.

8.4 Phase 1 of the consultancy: Preparatory surveys (25 man-days) This phase of the inception will be mainly dedicated to gather necessary data in the Karamoja region through 1 or 2 short and concise field exercises by a local consultant to ensure key data are available as an important input for the formulation. This data-gathering will start before the field mission of the formulation team. Box: Data-gathering

(1) Geographical Labour market analysis to identify champion trades or sectors A rapid labour market scan in identified key economic sectors will be undertaken to identify regional champion trades or sectors. The labour market scan will focus on information gathering on current and future HR-needs and private sector involvement in HR-development. The rapid labour market scan, will be based on existing data of economic development in the Karamoja region, in following sectors: - basic technical skills for economy like construction, mechanics, carpentry, hospitality, logistics, and agriculture/agribusiness (including livestock farming and derivate trades) - skills needed for the informal economy; Following data should be included for a representative sample of private and public enterprises: economic sector according to Ugandan nomenclature, number of employees (skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled; disaggregated by gender, training level and trade/occupation); economic growth (current or planned); estimate of future recruitment (skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled, disaggregated by training level and trade/occupation), in-company training (content, man days, budget, training provider and duration for the last 2 years); (2) Skills Development assessment in precise geographical areas (Karamoja region) The purpose is to undertake an assessment of all skills supply in the Karamoja region. This study will focus on all formal and non- formal skills supply & public, private BTVET provision; based on existing databases such as the national examination results, MoESTS database of training institutes. The analysis of such databases will result in a database, where all training providers will be listed, specifying the trades they organize, the total number of trainees per trade, the educational levels, duration of training and (various) certificates provided, the number of graduates per trade per year (for the last 3 years), examination results compared with national averages, the absorption and growth capacity, the geo-graphic catchment area (students) as well as a geo-localisation of those institutes. The analysis will be complemented by a limited field research component of the 2 most important training providers (based on the number of trainees, number of graduates, number of trades) in the region, to gather information on the state of infrastructure and equipment, staffing, private sector involvement and labour market insertion of graduates (employment ratio). This also includes a tracer study on all graduates of the past 2 years.

At the end of the 2 studies, the consultant will present the findings and conclusions to a core group of the BTC, the SSU intervention, and the Irish Embassy in a working session with the formulation team. Finally, the consultant will present the findings in a final workshop with the main stakeholders at the end of the formulation mission.

8.5 Phase 2 of the consultancy: Formulation mission (10 man-days) The consultant will be part of the formulation team in the second phase of this assignment. The formulation mission will be mainly dedicated to conceiving the Addendum to the Technical and Financial File focussing on additional activities in Karamoja and at national level. Through targeted field visits, meetings, observations and interviews, the formulation team will conduct a sector analysis, analyse the problems, build consensus on key issues to be addressed and prepare the implementation of the project in the Karamoja region. - The team will start with a briefing session with representatives the Irish Embassy, the Belgian Embassy and BTC Kampala to present the work plans.

- The formulation team will participate in a working session where the 2 data gathering assignments will be presented.

- The formulation team will undertake a field visits to Karamoja area to visit BTVET providers (formal

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and non-formal), and hold meetings with all relevant stakeholders in the field (private sector enterprises and representatives, school management, students, district education officers).

- In Kampala, the team will organise consultations with RTF, MOESTS, MoFPED, private sector federations and representatives, the Education Development Partners (EDPs) and Karamoja regional Development Partners other relevant Civil Society Organisations.

At the end of the mission, the formulation team will present their findings and conclusions in a feedback workshop with the main stakeholders, serving mainly as a platform for giving decision makers the opportunity of familiarising themselves with the proposed intervention strategy and to give their first hand appreciation and comments. During this workshop, the Draft Addendum will be presented by the formulation. 8.6 Profile of the consultant:

 > 10 years of sound experience in (B)TVET in sub-Sahara Africa (experience in Uganda and neighbouring countries is considered as an asset)  > 5 years in the identification and design of international funded interventions, at least 3 by a bilateral or multilateral donor, is considered as an asset.  At least 5 missions as a team leader  Good knowledge in cross cutting issues, especially in gender mainstreaming and/or in greening TVET  Experience in systemic reforms (establishment of skills authorities, training funds, training levy) in BTVET is an asset  Sound experience in training and human resource development is an asset;  Familiarity with methodology of surveys; experience in labour market surveys is necessary for at least one the two local consultants.  Good communication in English (speaking and writing) and analytical skills;  able to recruit – if necessary, local investigators  Good team worker. Tasks under phase 1:

 Conduct visits, interviews in order to gather the requested information (as described above: see data gathering);  Summarize useful documents;  Produce concise document with clear recommendations and findings, as well as the requested database  Present the conclusions and findings in a debriefing workshop;

Products:

 Skills Development assessment report (Karamoja region)  Geographical Labour Market Analysis report (Karamoja region) Tasks under phase 2:

 Support the formulation team  To determine together with the BTC formulation manager, the methodology to be followed for the different aspects of the formulation and planning process.  Define, together with the formulation manager, the formulation strategy  Guarantee that all different viewpoints are taken into account during the whole formulation  Contribute to the write-up of the Addendum to TFF and Formulation Report (strategy, logical framework, budget, risk analysis, draft addendum) according to the templates provided by BTC;

Product:

- Aide memoire/Draft addendum to the TFF

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8.7 Reporting:

The expert will report to the BTC Resident Representative in Uganda 8.8 Duration: The consultancy is for a total of 35 man-days (25 man-days for phase 1 and 10 man-days for phase 2) over a period of maximum 2 months, starting 29th February 2016.

8.9 Payments:

With the approval by the contracting authority, the consultant will paid 50% of the consultancy fees upon completion of the first phase of the assignment, and 50% at the end of the formulation mission.

9. PRICE All prices given in the Proposal must be in EUROs. Please indicate consultancy fees as illustrated in the table below. Note that the bidder’s price offer includes all costs apart from field transport, which will be provided by BTC.

Description Unit Quantity Unit price in euros Total price in euros

Man days 35

Professional fees

TOTAL 35 400 14,000

Total amount in Words (EUROS): Fourteen Thousand Euros only.

10. IDENTIFICATION OF THE TENDERER

Name and first name of the tenderer

Nationality of the tenderer

Registered office/Address:

Telephone number and email address:

Account number for payments: Bank name: Bank branch: Under the name of: Account currency:

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By submitting this tender, the tenderer ……………………………………………… declares renouncing his own (sales) conditions and commits to performing this public contract in conformity with the provisions of the specific purchase conditions attached and for the prices offered.

All prices in the tender are given in euro (EUR/€) and are rounded off to two figures after the decimal point. Prices given are exclusive of VAT.

In accordance with the Specific conditions attached to this document, applicable law for this contract is Belgian law.

Certified true and sincere,

Signature of the tenderer,

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In accordance with the Specific conditions below, applicable law for this contract is Belgian law.

SPECIFIC PURCHASE CONDITIONS WORKS, SUPPLIES AND SERVICES.

General points Except when specified otherwise in the order or any related contractual document of the contracting authority, these Specific Purchase Conditions apply to orders for works, supplies and services placed in the name of and for the account of Belgian Technical Cooperation (contracting authority). These orders are subjected to the following legal provisions:

 The Law of 15 June 2006 on public procurement and on certain contracts for works, supplies and services;  The Royal Decree of 15 July 2011 on the award of public contracts in the classical sectors;  The Royal Decree of 14 January 2013 establishing the general rules for the performance of public contracts and of public works concessions ('RGE/RAU'). In French, L’ Arrêté Royal du 14 janvier 2013 établissant les règles générales d’exécution des marchés publics et des concessions de travaux publics ('RGE'). In Dutch, Het KB van 14 januari 2013 tot de bepaling van de algemene uitvoeringsregels van de overheidsopdrachten en van de concessies voor openbare werken ('AUR'). Moreover, the following provisions apply for public works contracts:

 The rules governing the approval of contractors of works: o The Law of 20 March 1991, and any changes thereto, governing the approval of contractors of works; o The Royal Decree of 26 September 1991, and any changes thereto, determining certain executive measures of the Law of 20 March 1991 governing the approval of contractors of works;  The rules for works that require an approved contractor: o The Articles 400 to 408 of the 1992 Income Tax Code, and any changes thereto; o Article 30 bis of the Law of 27 June 1969 reviewing the social security system; The Royal Decree of 26 December 1998 in execution of Articles 400, 401, 403, 404 and 406 of the 1992 Income Tax Code and of Article 30bis of the Law of 27 June 1969 revising the Decree of 28 December 1944 on the social security of workers. Acceptance of the order – see. Art. 54 RGE/AUR Any remark or dispute of the contractor about an order must be formulated in writing within 8 calendar days after the reception of the order. By default, the order is considered accepted.

In case there is a remark or dispute formulated in the above-mentioned form and within the above-mentioned deadline, the contracting authority reserves the right to cancel the order with a simple written notification. Annulation does not entitle to any form of indemnity.

The acceptance of the order implies the acceptance of all related conditions, including these Specific Purchase Conditions. The sales conditions of the contractor do NOT apply to the order even if the acceptance refers to them.

Moreover, the acceptance of an order supposes that the contractor undertakes to supply possible spare parts for the whole planned period of use of the goods delivered.

The fact, for the contracting authority, not to have one of these specific conditions respected during the performance of the order does not mean that it has renounced to that condition.

Price – see Art. 18, 19 Royal Decree 2011 Both unit and global prices are given in euros. Except for VAT, these prices include all costs, taxes, duties and contributions of any kind, and namely:  The costs for loading, transportation, insurance, customs clearance, delivery and unloading at the quay included, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise (DDP at place of delivery);  Packaging costs;  Costs for any possible intellectual property rights. Without prejudice to Article 54 of the RGE/RAU and unless contrary provisions have been agreed upon in writing and by mutual agreement, the fixed prices may in no case be increased, not for a later cost of raw material, nor by applying a clause referring to price indexation, nor for any other reason whatsoever.

As the order can be based on a tender, the order may relate to only a part or a quota lot of one or more goods and/or services having been the object of the tender, and the contractor undertakes to perform it without this reduction leading to a price increase from its part.

Delivery / Performance modalities – see Art. 45, 46, 47 RGE/AUR The delivery/performance deadlines agreed as well as the instructions about the delivery/performance address must be strictly observed.

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Any delivery must be accompanied by a delivery note mentioning the name of the contractor, the contract reference and the reference of the order form, the content of the package (nature of the goods and quantity), the information required by the regulations as well as all related certificates and documents.

Any exceeding of the delivery date specified for the goods, services and/or related documents or the given dates for the performance of the works, taking into account the Articles 28 and 29 of the RGE/RAU, and this for whatever reason, shall result as of right and by the expiry of the deadline in the application of a fine for late performance of 0.07% of the amount of the order per commenced week of delay. This fine is limited to a maximum of 20% of the total amount of the order. A lump sum amount of € 250, for administrative costs, is also applicable for the same reasons.

Moreover, the contracting authority reserves the right to possibly cancel the order and to turn to another tenderer. Any possible extra cost shall be borne by the defaulting tenderer.

Any costs for removing, transferring, forwarding and more in general any costs run by the contracting authority that can be charged to the defaulting contractor, are to be paid by it and are deducted from the amounts being owed to it.

Refusal and Acceptance of supplies and services, provisional acceptance– see Art. 118, 120 RGE/AUR The contractor provides only goods and services that have no apparent and/or hidden defects and that correspond strictly to the order (in kind, quantity, quality…) and, if necessary, to the prescriptions of related documents as well as applicable regulations, in compliance with good practice, the state of the art, the highest standards of usage, of reliability and of longevity, and for the purposes that the contracting authority has in mind, which the contractor knows or at least should know.

Acceptance (provisional acceptance) only takes place after the complete verification by the contracting authority of the conformity of the goods and services delivered.

The signature of (a staff member of) the contracting authority, in particular in electronic reception devices, upon delivery of the materials, does consequently only count as evidence of taking possession and does not concern the acceptance of the materials.

Acceptance on the premises of the contracting authority or, otherwise, on site, counts as full provisional acceptance.

Acceptance implies the transfer of ownership and of risks of damage and loss.

In case of full or partial refusal of a delivery, the contractor is bound to take back, at its own costs and risks, the products refused. The contracting authority may ask the contractor to supply goods that comply as soon as possible, either cancel the order and get supplied by another supplier, without prejudice of the provisions under Article 4 of these Specific Purchase Conditions.

Warranty – final acceptance for supplies and services – see Art. 64, 65, 134, 135 RGE/AUR In addition to the legal guarantee against hidden defects, the products are guaranteed for (one) 1 year from the date of commissioning.

During that time, at its own expense, the contractor repairs or replaces, as the contracting authority prefers, any defect, shortcomings and nonconformity found, and reimburses the contracting authority for any damage sustained as a direct or indirect result by itself or third parties.

A new guarantee period of (one) 1 year applies to repairs and goods or services delivered as a replacement.

Final acceptance occurs after the guarantee period.

Technical acceptance, acceptances and guarantee for works – see Art. 42, 43, 64, 91, 92 RGE/AUR Acceptances are conducted according to the modalities of Articles 42, 43 and 64 of the RGE/AUR. Provisional and final acceptances always apply.

A warranty of one (1) year is applicable on works done. It starts upon provisional acceptance.

Security Any performance of a contract must meet the provisions of the Law of 4 August 1996 on the welfare of workers in the performance of their work, the general regulations for the protection of employment, the Codex about welfare in the workplace, and their executive arrests.

The operations performed by the staff of the contractor when performing a contract are under the exclusive responsibility of the contractor.

This responsibility includes any breach of the legal or regulatory prescriptions with regards to prevention and protection in the workplace.

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Subcontracting and cession – see Art. 12, 13 RGE/AUR Contractors may, under their sole responsibility, call upon subcontractors for certain components of the contract. Subcontracting is under the sole responsibility of the contractor and does in no way discharge the contractor of performance obligations under the contract vis-à-vis the contracting authority, which recognizes no legal relation with subcontracting third parties.

One contracting party may not cede its rights and relinquish its obligations resulting from the order to a third party, without having obtained in advance the written approval of the other party.

Any cession requires the signing of an amendment to the existing contract.

Invoicing and payment – see Art. 127 RGE/AUR Invoices are submitted in duplicate (two copies) and mention the reference numbers and the date of the order form, the description of the goods or services delivered or of the works done with for each item the quantities as well as the unit prices and global prices exclusive and inclusive of VAT.

For works, two copies of the technical acceptance report and of the provisional acceptance report and/or a copy of the works logbook must be attached to the invoices.

Invoices in due form and not disputed are paid within 50 (for works in principle 60) calendar days after reception of the invoice.

Bond – see. Art. 25 RGE/RAU (derogation) No performance bond is required, as supplies, services or works are paid only after acceptance, which provides enough guarantee for this contract.

Responsibilities The contractor shall bear all risks related to the performance of the contract.

The contractor is liable to the contracting authority for any damage of any kind sustained by the contracting authority due to the non-respect of its obligations by the contractor. In this respect, the contractor also covers the contacting authority against any third party claims.

Insurance The contractor is bound to take out any obligatory insurance and to take out or renew any necessary insurance for the good performance of the contract, especially insurance covering “civil liability” (minimum amount insured: 1,250,000 euros), “work accidents” (minimum amount insured: 35,000 euros) and “transport-related risks”, and this for the whole period of the mission.

The policies to be taken out by the contractor must stipulate that no changes or termination of the policy or no suspension of the coverage may be applied without the insurer informing the contracting authority of this measure at least one month in advance.

The contractor will send the contracting authority, upon simple demand, a copy of proof of regular payment of the premiums that are borne by it.

Intellectual property rights – see Art. 19 RGE/AUR The contractor must cover the contracting authority against any third-party claims of violation of intellectual property rights on the goods or services delivered.

The contractor must assume, without limitation as to the amount, all payments of compensation, costs or expenditure ensuing from and borne by the contracting authority in a legal action, which is based on such a claim, in so far as the contractor supervises its defence and negotiations with a view to an amicable settlement.

The contractor undertakes, either to obtain the right for the contracting authority to use the products concerned, or to modify or replace the products, at its cost, in order to put an end to any imitation, albeit without altering the fundamental specifications of the products.

In derogation to Article 19 § 1 of the RGE/RAU, the acquisition price of any patent rights and any other intellectual property rights, as well as the royalties owed for the exploitation licence of the patent and any other royalties are borne by the contractor, regardless whether their existence was mentioned or not in the contract documents.

The service provider integrally, definitively and exclusively and without any financial compensation cedes any author rights or industrial property rights that it holds or will create in the context of this contract to BTC. This cession will take place at the time of acceptance of the works that are protected by author rights.

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Obligation of confidentiality Any commercial, organisational and/or technical information (all data, including, and this without limitation, the passwords, documents, schedules, plans, prototypes, figures) that the contractor gets hold of through this order remain the property of the contracting authority.

The contractor undertakes to:

 Keep confidential any information received and not to transfer it to a third party without the preliminary written permission of the contracting authority;  Use the information received only for the purpose of the order;  Communicate information received only to staff members who need it for the order;  Send back information received and any possible copies upon simple demand to the contracting authority. This obligation of confidentiality applies for the whole duration of the order, and, except if there is a different agreement, continues for a period of two years, starting on the due date of the order.

Data and information system security In case resources are supplied concerning the information systems of the contracting authority, to work with these or simply use these, the contractor ensures:

 To take the necessary (technical and organisational) security measures to manage the risks regarding the systems, applications, information and related delegations;  To respect IT governance rules applicable and especially the access policy;  To respect the prohibition to import data without preliminary notice to and authorisation from the contracting authority;  To respect the prohibition to export data from the contracting authority to the outside. VAT exemption For deliveries, BTC is exempted from paying VAT for the goods purchased in view of using them in the countries outside the European Community for the execution of its development tasks in these countries.

For services, the place of the performance of the services is determining. In principle it is the place where the service provider has established the office of its economic activity or a fixed institution where the service is performed. If the service provider has no such office or fixed institution, its domicile or its usual fixed residence is determining.

When the service provider is outside a country of the European Community, BTC is subject to the fiscal regime of the country and not to the Belgian VAT obligation. This only applies for certain services (Art. 21§3, 7°, a) to l) of the VAT Law).

Litigation Only Belgian law applies.

Any litigation about the order and these Specific Purchase Conditions are the exclusive competence of the Brussels Courts.

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Data Collection tools

Karamoja Region Skills Development Project

LABOUR MARKET SURVEY

Name of respondent: District Position at the district Contact:

Check List for Key Informants

Question 1: What are the major sectors of economy in your district?

Question 2: What is the degree of skilled workers requirement in your district?

Question 3: What are the major youth engagement activities in this area?

Question 4: Who are the major youth labour consumers in this community and the neighboring districts?

Question 5: Which sectors are growing in this district that are likely to open employment opportunities for the youth?

Question 6: What are the existing Youth Vocational training opportunities in this area?

Question 7: Do apprenticeship programmes for the Youth exist in this area?

Question 8: If you happen to employ the youths, - Question 8.1: How much do you pay? - Question 8.2: what do they do?

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Question 9: In your own opinion, what do you think the youth could do to sustain their livelihoods? Degree of Skilled Workers’ requirements in Uganda

Sector dimensions (past 5 years)

Major Industrial Sector

Very highVery High Medium Low LowVery Fishing 5 4 3 2 1 Mining and Quarrying 5 4 3 2 1 Manufacturing 5 4 3 2 1 Construction 5 4 3 2 1 Sales Maintenance and Repair 5 4 3 2 1 Hotels and Restaurants 5 4 3 2 1 Agriculture 5 4 3 2 1 Forestry 5 4 3 2 1 Communication 5 4 3 2 1 Financial Services 5 4 3 2 1 Real Estate, renting and business activities 5 4 3 2 1 Public Administration 5 4 3 2 1 Education/Training 5 4 3 2 1 Health and Social work 5 4 3 2 1 Other community, Social and Personal Services 5 4 3 2 1

2. Please choose FIVE of the following major industries and rank them according to their growth in demand for “skilled worker” in the NEXT 5 years! Please also rank the demand for within each sector (rank 1 is the highest, rank 5 the lowest)

Certificate Rank within Sector (demand for skilled workers at Top 5 Ranking certificate level 1 works with a lot of (growth in supervision, 2 works with longer Major Industries demand for intervals without supervision and 3 skilled workers) can be left to supervise others) Rank from 1-5) Rank from 1-3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Floriculture Forestry Fruits & Vegetables Fish & Fish farming Livestock Mining Cotton & Textiles Edible oil Foods & beverages Leather Dairy & Dairy products ICT call centres, data centres and e- transaction Packaging

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Pharmaceuticals Metal & Metal products Iron & Steel Building & Construction Energy Storage Transport & Communications Financial Services Health Care Tourism Education Services

3. Please specify the type of skilled workers required

Type of Skilled Workers Required Major Industries (i.e. mechanics, masons, receptionists, etc)

.

4. Please indicate any other types of skilled workers (i.e. mechanics, receptionists, plumbers) for which you believe there will be an increased demand in Karamoja for the NEXT 5 years)..

Type of Skilled Workers Required

5. Please briefly describe typical ways of recruiting skilled workers in the Karamoja region How Skilled Workers are Required

6. Please share any other information you may have on the demand for skilled workers with us (relevant existing data/information) and/or indicate specific sources which you consider relevant.

7. Which other person, institution/organization, authority would you recommend that might be able to give us relevant information?

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Interview Guide : – for heads of Departments District Name of the Research Asst. Date: Key What What Employment What do Which Any major Informants sectors opportunities exist Private trades/occupation development are sector is offered by in pipeline active/ employers BTVET & PTP? Growing expect of sectors? skilled labour? Current Future Gaps Trade Development

District Labour Officer

District Coordinator Wealth Creation. Private Training Providers

Enterprises – Employers

Manufacturers and Small Scale Industries Association

Private Sector Development office

NGOs

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Karamoja Region Skills Development Project

SKILLS SUPPLY ASSESSMENT IN THE DISTRICTs

Abim, Amudat. Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Napak.

Infrastructure and Equipment Assessment form

Name of Training Provider

District

Name of the Head of Institution

Contact:

Brief about the Provider

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Needs Assessment Questionnaire for Proposed Karamoja Region Skills Development Project

NAME OF TRAINING PROVIDER: District: Physical Location: Tel Head of Institution: Mobile Phone Public Founding Body Year Establish Names of Board of Governors Place of work Contact Address Since 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Ref Capability Area 1 FACILITIES 1.1 COURSE No of Trainees per Nos of No of Nos. Nos Equipment Hand ICT Awarding Accommodation Dining course w/shops Classrooms Instructors Instructors Tools Lab board Hall Male Female Qualified NOT Availa Male Female Qualified ble EI

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NAME OF TRAINING PROVIDER: District: Physical Location: Tel Head of Institution: Mobile Phone Public Year Establish Courses/Trades Total No. of trainees Number of graduates per Examination results compared to Total Number of Number of Insertion into Infrastructure Equipment offered per trade trade per year National average number of Qualified support staff Labour market Rating Rating 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Staffs Instructors / Trade

SUMMARY

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List of key informants

NAMES TITLE/PLACE OF WORK CONTACTS Kaziba Moses Nandala CAO Abim 0772517398 Elly Piwang CAO/ Nakapiripirit DLG 0782685549 Otai Charles CAO Kaabong DLG 07726406 Adoko George CAO Kotido DLG 0772586244 Adei Simon Peter COA Napak 072 606632 Mulondo Robert CAO Moroto 0772 521 556 Athiyo Denis District Community Development 0772578462/0771578462 Officer Nakapiripirit Namue Sarah HRO Kaabong DLG 0772979718 Akol Benard Planner Nakapiripirit DLG 0782982224 Nelson Owili CEO ARID LAND Development 0772961354 Nelso K Wambi Education Planning & Policy Analyst 0414 259879 MoESTS Valentina Liaison Officer Irish Aid Moroto 0774094144 Ayoo Muhammed MVT Instrumental Abim Tech Inst 0774127493 Ogwang Solomon TCG Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0782718938 Okurut John Finance Bursar Abim Tech Inst 0772547176 Nantawuna Noah BCP Workshop Assistant Abim Tech 0784781322 Inst Okello Richard Jackson MVT Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0774929323 Tumuzire Adriano C/J Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0756069443 Chong Lawrance BCP Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0777075143 Otumor John TCG Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0772976935 Ojok Bosco MVT Instructor Abim Tech Inst 0786935346 Ruth Akony Kotido 0772760469 Mr. Ochieng Charles Abim Green Star Hotel 0772641666 Ongom Jalib Elisha Abim New Corner North 07722915482 Oboke Samuel Abim T/C New Corner East 0750139177 Christine Lodou Sr. Community Development Officer 0772613848 Dr. Patrick Ojok Lecturer Kyambogo University Caroline Occheng District Councilor Namunu Paska Otto ADP Kaabong 0774319681 Ruth Akongo C/O Residence 0775760469 Moroto District Moroto DLG C/O CAO Moroto Agriculture Officer District Production officer Moroto DLG District Commercial Moroto DLG Officer Ochan David DEO ABIM 0772655602 District Planner ABIM ABIM C/O CAO ABIM Ongom Moses Obonyo Chair/Person Morolem Gold Mining 0782854309 Group Okello Moses Epila General Secretary Morulem Gold Mine Group Achan Isabella Member Morulem Gold Mine Group 0775640118

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Okoch Basil Obwon Project Technical Assistant Morulem 0782861552/ 0756495483 Gold Mine Group Omonya Charles D/Principal Kaabong Technical - Institute Abuka Isaac Member - Appeded Youth Metal 0773767953 fabricators Namalu Moyang Jeremy Chairperson Appeded Youth Metal - fabricators Namalu Otukei Samuel Member Namalu Metal group - Rokor Rashid Moroto Metal Work 0792555432 Kul Chandra Coordinator C&D Moroto 0781286934 Lokiru Moses Sylvestor Senior Community Development 0774865551/ 0755865551 Officer Jimmy A Lomakol Private Sector Development Center 0772528442/ 0772472905 Adei Suiman Peter 0772606632/ 0752818180 Robinson Aabote Labali Programme Manager Silk 0772343770/ 0753343770 Nalibe Shifa Lucky Director Rock Motel Limited 0774913333/ 0755263012 Pier Giorgio Lappo Regional Representative C&D 0782084995 Mutiibwa Francis Board Member Nakapiripirit Tech 0703471339 Inst Mulema Joshoua Board Member Nakapiripirit Tech 0782918716 Inst Tegule David Board Member Nakapiripirit Tech 0788775986 Inst Kasiyo Charles Board Member Nakapiripirit Tech 0786469161 Inst Yulyeni James Principal Nakapiripirit Tech Inst 0755454369 Etolu Samson Martin Program Manager ZOA Amudat 0773085944/0756085944 [email protected] Hielke Adam Zantema Program Advisor 0778975255 [email protected] Diana Sekaggya Education and Local development 0417713000 Adviser Irish Embassy Kampala Aine Denise Doody Deputy Head of Cooperation 0417713000 Embassy of Ireland OCHING RUBI CEO/ KAC 0777569873 Allena George DANCHURCHAID Alum moses Kale Head Entrepreneurship C&D 0781286934 Kaabong Musinguzi Steven EXCEL Hort 0779 653649 Gloria Drateru Livelihood and Environment Officer 0772772187 Letoru Robina DRC Centre Coodinator 0772 772 183 Mugume Amosi Timber Businessman Kotido 077199056 Fr Geofrey Maliyamungu Principal Comboni Technical Institute 0770753387 Paul Oputa DEO MOROTO 075338792 Fr. Paul Ngole CP Board - Rev Fr. Fedelious Bursar Comboni TI - Mariama Matha Member BOG - Otita Joseph District Counsellor Moroto - Ogwal Paul Principal Abim Technical Institute -

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Dirk ullerich 0789831584 Olinga John EARLY WARNING MOROTO - Luwum Derick DCO MOROTO - Peter Jawange DAO MOROTO - Walakira Moses AGRIC OFFICER NADUNGET - Morgan Olemu DISTRICT COMMUNITY OFFICER - MOROTO

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