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Hawaiian Sugar Manual 1975

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Hawaiian Sugar Manual 1975 A HANDBOOK OF STATISTICAL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE SUGAR INDUSTRY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS • HE HAWAIIAN SUGAR Jm~~g 4 -,ANTERS' ASSOCIATION 1975 HSPA CONTENTS SUGAR MANUAL 1975 H awaii 's Sugar Islands ... 2 Sugar Company Directory 4 PUBLISHED BY PART I-HAWAII'S SUGAR INDUSTRY Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Sugar Industry 5 Growing Sugar in H awaii 5 Association Table - Acreage, Production 7 FRANCIS S. MORGAN, President Raw Sugar Price vs Employee Earnings 8 P. 0. Box 2450 W ages and W orking Conditions 8 Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Employment by Job 8 Table - Employee Productivity 9 Washington Office Taxes and Lease Rents 9 Sugar Lands 9 723 Investment Building Land T enure 9 'ha,hington, D.C. 20005 Independent Growers 9 Table - H awaii Production 10 Graph - Comparison : Acreage, Production, Employment, M an-Days, etc. 12 H awaiian Sugar Planters' Association 13 Relining H awaii 's Raw Sugar 13 OFFICERS / 1975 Important Historica l D ates 15 PART II - U .S. SUGAR INDUSTRY FRANCIS S. MORGAN ...... President Beet Sugar Ind ustry 17 Cane Sugar Reli ning Industry 17 KARL H. BERG ................. First Vice President Map - U.S. Sugar States 17 T able - U.S. Sugar D eli veries 18 EDWARD B. HOLROYDE .. Second Vice President Table - Sugar D eliveries by Types . 19 Product Business 19 ROBERT L. C US HING Vice President & Secretary T able - Sugarbeet Prod uction 20 T able - Beet Sugar D eliveries 21 ROGER H . S U LLIVAN ....... Vice President T able - Louisiana Sugar Froduction 22 & Washington Representative T able - Fl orida Sugar Production 23 Table - Puerto Ri co Sugar Production 24 Table - Cuban Sugar Production 24 DANIEL J. DOUGHERTY ...................... Treasurer T able - Philippine Sugar Production 25 T able - U.S. Edible Syrups 26 PART III- U.S. SUGAR LAWS BOARD OF DIRECTORS / 1975 History 28 T abl e - Low Priced Food 28 U.S. Sugar Duties 28 KARL H . BERG'* T able - U.S. Sugar Consumption 29 Modern U.S. Sugar Legislation 29 GILBERT E. Cox' U .S . Sugar Act 30 T able - Sugar vs Income 30 ROBERT S. GORDO N'* End of Sugar Act 30 Graph - Food Price/ U.S. Sugar Price 31 H earings 31 EDWARD B. HOLROYDE'* HSPA Statement 32 Charges Against Quotas 32 ROBERT H. H UG H ES'* U.S. Foreign Imports 33 PART IV - WORLD SUGAR FRANCIS S . MORGAN5 * Graph - World Sugar Prices 34 3 W orl d Production 35 JAMES F. MORGAN, JR. World Price 35 Internati onal Sugar Agreement 35 J. C. STOPFORD4 T able - Centrifugal Sugar Production 36 Table - Sugar Supply/ Distribution 38 HENRY A. WALKER, JR.1 Table - Noncentrifugal Sugar Production . 42 New York Coffee & Sugar Exchange 42 Table - Prices : White Relined Sugar . 43 Sugar Futures 45 World l l and 12 Contracts . 4 5 Graph - U.S. & World Sugar Prices 46 Fo otn ote: Numbers indicate sugar companies represented. See sugar company directory, page 2. Aster isk indicates PART V - MISCELLANEOUS th ose boa rd members se rvi ng on HSPA Executive Com­ Industry Research & Education 47 mittee. Glossary 48 EE KAUAI OAHU Jin wnii 's Sugar Jslands HAWAII ~ Sugar Mill Sugar Land SUGAR ACREAGE BY ISLAND 1974 RAW SUGAR (Tons) Hawaii 98,744.21 390,000 Kauai 45,720.90 227,242 Maui 46,250.30 259,606 Oahu 33,511.88 163,894 · Total State 224,227.29 1,040,742 2 HAWAIIAN SUGAR COMPANIES ISLAND OF KAUAI ISLAND OF HAWAII GAY & ROBINSON HILO COAST PROCE SSING Co. '* Makaweli, Kauai 96769 D. J. Martin, Pres., Gen. Mgr. Phone: 338-8233 Pepeekeo, Hawaii 96783 Phone: 963-6211 KEKAHA S UGAR Co., Lm.' L. A. Faye, Jr., Exec. V .P. HONOKAA S UGAR COMPAN Y"*** Kekaha, Kauai 96752 P. E. Bouvet, Mgr. Phone : 337-1472 Haina, Hawaii 96709 Phone: 77 5-7261 THE LIH U E PLA N TATIO N COMPAN Y, Lm.1 D. W. Bailie, Jr., Exec. V.P., Mgr. KA'U S UGAR COMPA N Y, I NC.''•'* Lihue, Kauai 96766 J. H. Hewetson, V.P., Mgr. Phone: 245-2112 Pahala, Hawaii 96777 M CBRYDE S UGAR Co., LTD. 3 Phone : 928-8311 P. F. Conrad, V.P., Mgr. KOHALA CORPORAT ION 2 Eleele, Kauai 96705 A. C. Stearns, V .P. , Mgr., Sugar Div. Phone: 335-5333 Hawi, Hawaii 96719 Phone : 889-6426 0LOKELE S U GAR Co., LTD.' R. F. Cameron, M gr. L AU PAHOEHOE S U GAR Co.5 Kaumakani, Kauai 96747 F. C. Schattauer, Mgr. Phone: 335-533 7 Papaaloa, Hawaii 96780 Phone : 962-6314; 962-6244 ISLAND OF OAHU MAUN A KEA S UGAR COMPANY, INC.'** ** OAHU S u GAR Co., LTD.' H . M . Gomez, V .P., Mgr. J. T . Humme, Pr es. , Mgr. Papaikou, Hawaii 96781 Waipahu, Oahu 96797 Phone : 964-1025 Phone : 677-3577 P U NA SUGAR Co., LTD.1 WA1A1.U A S u GAR Co., INc.' T. J. O'Brien, Pres., Mgr. W . W . Paty, Jr., Pres., M gr. Keaau, Hawaii 96749 Waialua, Oahu 96791 Phone: 966-9270 Phone: 637-4520 *Sugarcane m ill ing company cooperat ively owned ISLAND OF MAUI by Un ited Cane Planters Cooperative. and M auna Kea Sugar Co. ""* Hawa ii an Agricu ltural Compa ny and Hutchi nson HAWAIIAN COMMERCIAL & S U GAR COMPANY' Sugar Co., Ltd. merged to fo rm Ka'u Sugar Co., W. S. Haines, Mgr. Inc. Puunene, Maui 96784 * ** Paauhau S ugar Co., Ltd. assets purchased by H ono­ kaa Sugar Co. 12/31 /72. Phone: 877-0081 ****Mauna Kea Sugar Co., In c. merged w ith Pepeekeo Sugar Co. to fo rm the Mauna Kea Sugar Co. PIONEER MILL Co., LTD.' W. G. Hall, Pres ., M gr. Lahaina, Maui 96761 Phone: 661-0592 WAILU KU S U GAR COMPANY' I. W . Bowman, V.P., Mgr. Wailuku, Maui 96793 Phone: 244-95 70 sugarcane growing countries of the world. It Part I is the only area where the average age of sugarcane is two years at the time of harvest. HAWAII'S SUGAR INDUSTRY Hawaii's sugar industry is one of the most Although Hawaii had predominantly an agri­ highly mechanized in the world. J-Iand labor cultural economy for more than 100 years, has been virtually eliminated. events since World War II have changed the The climate of Hawaii varies considerably. principal basis from agriculture to tourism and Tropic rain forests can be found within a few military expenditures. miles of desert conditions. In 1974, the Hawaiian economy received over On some sugar lands average rainfall is as low $1 billion in direct tourist expenditures and al­ as 15 inches a year. On others, the rainfall is most $900 million in federal expenditures. as high as 212 inches a year. One sugar com­ Sugar ranked third in income for the State, pany reported that its mountain fields receive bringing in an estimated $660 million. an average of 133 inches of rain a year while its fields near the ocean shoreline receive only Pineapple was the fourth largest income pro­ about 20 inches. ducer in the State and added about $109 million to the local economy for the 1973-74 pack year. Because of the lack of adequate rainfall in some areas, about half of Hawaii's sugar lands Diversified agriculture in the State delivered must be irrigated. an additional $90 million worth of produce co markets in and out of Hawaii. The irrigated fields produce about two-thirds of the total Hawaii sugar produced each year. Because Hawaii muse import most of her food Scientists and engineers are constantly seeking and ocher essentials from the U.S. Mainland, new and better ways co use the irrigation the out-of-state shipments of sugar and fresh water such as the recencly developed drip ir­ or canned pineapple produces are important in rigation system. The water systems, including the State's balance of trade. many miles of tunnels, dikes and ditches, were SUGAR INDUSTRY designed and built by the sugar companies without any governmental assistance or contri­ Hawaii's sugar industry is recognized as one of butions. the world's leaders in sugar technology and production. PLANTING AND HARVESTING Sugarcane was growing in Hawaii when the Sugarcane is planted by using pieces of cane Islands were discovered by Capt. James Cook stalks as "seed." These seed pieces are cue from in 1778. Although there may have been earlier growing sugarcane. attempts co produce sugar from the sugarcane, Sugarcane is planted by machines which drop the first actually documented crushing of sugar­ the sugarcane pieces in rows and then cover cane was by a Spaniard, Don Francisco de the pieces with soil. Paula Marin in Honolulu in 1819. In Man:h About half of Hawaii's sugar lands are har­ of that year he noted in his diary chat he ex­ vested each year. When sugarcane is harvested, tracted juice from the sugarcane. it grows again from the old stubble left in the The first actual plantation in Hawaii was ground. From two to four ratoon crops are ob­ started in 1825 in Manoa on Oahu, but this tained from each original planting. Then the venture failed. field is plowed again and replanted with new In 1835, a plantation was started at Koloa on seed pieces. the island of Kauai, and these fields are still The fields are burned before harvesting co gee growing sugarcane today. rid of the dried leaves matted in the fields. The first sugar was produced at the Koloa The burning does not harm the sugarcane plantation in 1837 according to reports which stalks and it cues down on the amount of use­ showed 5,039 pounds of sugar and 400 gal­ less leaves and trash that would otherwise be lons molasses sent out by ship.
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