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E N G E R , Thomas Peter, 1938- PROTECTIONISM AMD DEVELOPMENT.
The Ohio State lloiversity, Ph.D., 1965 Economics, theory
University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PROTECTIONISM AND DEVELOPMENT
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University
By
Thomas Peter Enger, B.A., M.A.
The Ohio State University 1965
Approved by
iser Depaxvt&ent of Economics ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I extend my deepest appreciation to my adviser,
Professor Clifford L. James for his counsel.and patient reading of the dissertation. 1 also thank Professor
Mikhail Condoide and Professor Alvin E. Coons for their helpful suggestions. Lastly, 1 wish to acknowledge the aid of my wife, Jacqueline, who spent many hours reading copy for spelling and grammatical errors.
ii ¥ i m
April 21, 1938 Bo3*32 — leer Lodge, Montana
I 9 6 0 ...... B.A.o fisstaca State University, Missoml©, Montana
1961-1962...... Gradtmate Assistant, Department of Economies, Montana State University, Missoola, Montana
1962...... M„A. 9 Montana State University Missonala„ Montana
1962-196 5..... Assistant instructor, The Ohio State Iniwersity ColEiim&as „ Ohio
FlSaUiH® ©F STUDY
Major Field: Economics
Studies in Economic Slkeor y. Professors Clifford L. James, Diram BosBemhorn * and Robert Patton
Studies in International Economics and Finance. Professor CliifforcS L. James
Studies in Public Finance. Professor Francis Woodard
Studies in Economic Planning. Professor Meno Lovenstein
Studies in Sociological Theory. Professors Roscoe Hinkle and Alined Clarke TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
IJ.TTSTT* Gff TABLES ...... v
JLESE OF ILLUSTRATIONS...... Vi lafflffitte-r-
E. THE PROBLEM OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT ..... 1
EE. DUALISM AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE...... 8
EEE. UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE . . 35
EW. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT.. 56
V. TRADE AND GROWTH IN P E R U ...... 8 5 WE. BURMA’S EXPERIENCE WITH FOREIGN TRADE. . . . 101
WEE. FOREIGN TRADE OF JAMA I C A ...... 117
WEEE. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. . . 131
MEELSOGHAPHY ...... 1^3
iv LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Common Market Duties on Cocoa Products .... 6l
2. Peru’s Growth of Real GNP and Population . . . 89
3. Peru's Ratio of Exports to G N P ...... 91
k, Peru's Changing Composition of Exports .... 92
5. Burma's National Income Growth ...... 10k
6. Burma's Ratio of Exports to GNP...... 107
7. Burma's Export Composition ...... 108
8. Percentage Distribution of Burma's GNP. . . . 113
9 . Jamaica's Rate of Growth of GNP and Population 118
10. Ratio of Value of Exports to GNP for Jamaica, 121
1 1 . Jamaica's Export Composition ...... 122
12. Jamaica's Imports ...... 129
v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 . Technological Dualism ...... 10
2- Money Costs Greater Than Real C o s t s ...... 25
3 . Trade and G r o w t h ...... 79
h. Export-Biased Growth...... 80
5- Import-Biased Growth...... 81
6 * A Special Growth Case ...... 82
vi CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
In the development of the theory of international trade one of the most important generalizations is that free trades »ith some exceptions, will provide not only gains from specialization and division of labor but also a stimu lus to the economic development