J. Jpn. Bot. 92(4): 248–251 (2017)

a, b Masanobu Higuchi * and Wonhee Kim : brownianum (, Bryophyta), a New Record for the Flora of Korea aDepartment of , National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005 ; bNational Institute of Biological Resources, the Environmental Research Complex, 42, Hwangyeongro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708 KOREA *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Summary: (Dicks.) T. repandum, which are known as rare . Schwägr. (Tetraphidaceae) is reported as new During the field research of in Korea to Korea. The description and photographs in 2015, we found a minute Tetrodontium in Jeju based on Korean are given. This species Island. A microscopic examination confirmed is characterized by its minute, bud-like plants, that the plants are T. brownianum (Dicks.) long and linear protonematal flaps and four multicellular peristome teeth. Some overlooked Schwägr. Tetrodontium species have never characteristics of the species are described. recorded from Korea (cf. Park and Choi 2007, Lee et al. 2011). The Tetrodontium is an acrocarpous of the family Tetraphidaceae, consisting Tetrodontium brownianum (Dicks.) of Tetrodontium and . Tetrodontium is Schwägr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 2, 2: 102 characterized by minute, bud-like plants, costae (1824). of leaves weak or absent, protonematal flaps and The following description is based on Korean gemmae lacking. A unique feature of the genus plants. is the presence of protonematal flaps which Plants minute, bud-like, ca. 0.2 cm high, appear on the protonema. The genus includes without flagelliform shoots. Stem leaves of three species, T. brownianum, T. ovatum and fertile shoots imbricate, ovate to lanceolate,

Fig. 1. A. Habitat of Tetrodontium brownianum in Jeju Island, Korea. Arrow shows a place where T. brownianum is growing on vertical rock surface. B. Two young sporophytes of Tetrodontium brownianum. Small protonematal flaps with green or brown colors are seen on rock surface.

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Fig. 2. Tetrodontium brownianum. A. Mature sporophyte. B. Mature capsule. Peristome teeth are seen. C. Protonematal flaps. D. Young protonematal flaps. E. Apical part of protonematal flap. F. Median part of protonematal flap. G. Basal part of protonematal flap. H. Male shoot. I. Male bracts. J. Antheridia. Scales for A in 0.5 cm, for B–D in 0.5 mm and for E–J in 0.1 mm. All from Higuchi 54345. 250 植物研究雑誌 第 92 巻 第 4 号 2017 年 8 月 acuminate; costae lacking or weak. Perigonia and a few antheridia (Fig. 2J). In almost plants bud-like; perigonial leaves triangular to ovate, observed, the sporophyte was not matured. The ecostate. Thallose protonematal flaps green or capsule was covered with calyptra and had the brown, linear-lanceolate, acute, occasionally same diameter as the seta, which is designated with a short mucronate point; margins usually as “Early Calyptra Intact (ECI)” stage by Greene entire, sometimes serrulate in upper part, 2–3 (1960) (Fig. 1B). cell layers in cross-section of central part; cells Tetrodontium brownianum is known from near margins quadrate to rhomboidal, median Europe, North America, Japan, New Zealand cells irregularly rectangular. Calyptrae mitrate, and China. Although Smith (2004) and Harpel plicate when young, covering most of the urn. (2006) described that T. brownianum and T. Setae 9–12 mm long, smooth, twisted to the repandum are distributed in Japan, Noguchi left (dextrorsely) in the lower part and to the (1987) and Iwatsuki (2001) listed only T. right (sinistrorsely) in upper part; capsules erect, repandum (as T. brownianum var. repandum), cylindrical, 0.9–1.0 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm but did not list T. brownianum in Japanese wide; peristome of four, narrowly triangular, bryophyte flora. While Iwatsuki (2004) listed multicellular teeth deeply inserted, 0.3–0.4 mm T. brownianum in the Catalog of the of long. Spores smooth, 10–13 µm in diameter. Japan without any reference. The record of T. Specimens examined: KOREA. Jeju-do Prov., brownianum in Japan needs reconfirmation. Li Seogwipo-si, Jeju Island, Namwon-eup, Harye-ri, valley et al. (2003) reported Tetrodontium brownianum around the Hyomyeongsa, along stream at evergreen broad- from Sichuan Province, western China and T. leaved forest, 33°19ʹ31ʺN, 126°35ʹ31ʺE, ca. 370 m alt., 1 November 2015, M. Higuchi 54343, 54345, 54347 (TNS, repandum from Jirin Province, eastern China. KB). The size of sporophytes may often vary and is Distribution. Europe, N. America, Asia generally of no great taxonomic significance in (Japan), Pacific Islands (New Zealand) (cf. bryophytes. In European and American plants, Harpel 2006) and China (Li et al. 2003). New to however, the seta is shorter than that of Asian Korea. ones (to 4 mm long in Britain and 3–8 mm long Habitat. Tetrodontium brownianum is in North America, as compared with 7–15 mm growing on vertical rock surface of basic long in China and 9–12 mm long in Korea). siliceous rock in shaded sites by stream in The molecular study is needed to make clear the lowland evergreen forest (Fig. 1A, B), and is genetic variation of Tetrodontium brownianum. sometimes mixed with Diphyscium involutum. Tetrodontium brownianum is distinguished We wish to express our sincere thanks to from T. repandum by plants without flagelliform Dr. T. Yamaguchi and Mr. T. Sato of Hiroshima branches and longer protonematal flaps (to 2.5 University for their help in the field research. mm long in T. brownianum, while to 0.5 mm This study was supported by Grant-in Aid (no. long in T. repandum) (Fig. 2C–G). Tetrodontium NIBR201601109 to Kim) from the National brownianum differs from T. ovatum by its longer Institute of Biological Resources, Korea. linear-lanceolate protonematal flaps with entire margins (to 0.5 mm long with dentate margins References in T. ovatum) and acuminate stem leaves (obtuse Greene S. W. 1960. The maturation cycle, or the stages of stem leaves in T. ovatum) (Harpel 2006). The development of gametangia and capsules in mosses. sexuality of Tetrodontium brownianum is known Trans. Brit. Bryol. Soc. 3: 736–745. as autoicous. Perigonia were sparsely found Harpel J. A. 2006. Tetraphidaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North among the protonematal flaps (Fig. 2H), and America North of Mexico 27: 111–115. Oxford they have several perigonial leaves (Fig. 2I) University Press, New York. August 2017 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 92 No. 4 251

Iwatsuki Z. (ed.) 2001. Mosses and Liverworts of Japan. 125–130. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Japanese). Garden Press, St. Louis. Iwatsuki Z. 2004. New catalog of the mosses of Japan. J. Noguchi A. 1987. Illustrated Moss Flora of Japan. Part 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. 96: 1–182. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan. Lee B.-Y., Nam K.-H., Yoon Y.-J. and Choi S.-S. 2011. Park K.-W. and Choi K. 2007. New List of Bryophytes in National List of Species of Korea (Moss, Liverworts). Korea. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon. Smith A. J. E. 2004. The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland. Li X.-j., Si H. and Zhang D.-C. 2003. Tetraphidaceae. In: 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Si H. (ed.), Moss Flora of China, English version 3:

a b 樋 口 正 信 ， 金 元 熙 ： 韓 国 新 産 の Tetrodontium brownianum（ヨツバゴケ科，蘚植物門） 2015 年の韓国済州島の調査により韓国から未記録の 多細胞性の蒴歯を持つことなどの特徴を持つ．蒴柄のね Tetrodontium brownianum を確認したので報告する．韓 じれや胞子体の成熟時期などこれまで見過ごされてい 国産の本種の記載文と図を示す．本種は植物体が微小な た特徴も記述した． 芽状であること，“protonematal flap” と呼ばれる原糸体 （a国立科学博物館植物研究部， から生じる紐状の構造が長く，線形になること，4 枚の b韓国・国立生物資源館）