UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works

Title Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of (: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily

Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fm5d403

Journal Cladistics, 27(6)

ISSN 07483007

Authors Burks, Roger A Heraty, John M Gebiola, Marco et al.

Publication Date 2011-12-01

DOI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00358.x

Peer reviewed

eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Cladistics

Cladistics 27 (2011) 1–25 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00358.x

Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae

Roger A. Burksa,*, John M. Heratya, Marco Gebiolab and Christer Hanssonc aDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; bDipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia agraria ‘‘F. Silvestri’’ Universita` degli Studi di Napoli ‘‘Federico II’’, Italy; cDepartment of Biology, Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Accepted 9 March 2011

Abstract

A new combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Eulophidae is presented with special reference to the subfamily Entedoninae. We examined 28S D2–D5 and CO1 gene regions with parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses, and examined the impact of a small set of historically recognized morphological characters on combined analyses. Eulophidae was strongly supported as monophyletic only after exclusion of the enigmatic Trisecodes. The subfamilies , (=Euderinae) and were consistently supported as monophyletic, but Entedoninae was monophyletic only in combined analyses. Six contiguous bases in the 3e¢ subregion of the 28S D2 rDNA contributed to placement of nominal subgenus of outside Entedoninae. In all cases, Euderomphalini was excluded from Entiinae, and we suggest that it be retained in Entedoninae. Opheliminae n. stat. is raised from tribe to subfamily status. Trisecodes is removed from Entedoninae but retained as incertae sedis in Eulophidae until its family placement can be determined new placement. The genera stat. rev. and stat. rev. are removed from synonymy with Closterocerus because strong molecular differences corroborate their morphological differences. Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus is transferred to the genus n. comb. based on molecular and morphological characters. The Willi Hennig Society 2011.

Eulophidae is one of the largest families of Chalci- subgroups of eulophids, including many genera, have doidea, with over 4400 described in four very broad host ranges that may include several orders subfamilies (Noyes, 2003). It is also one of the most of or other taxa as well. A notable exception is diverse and economically important chalcidoid families, the tribe Euderomphalini, which apparently contains with many species important for biological control of only of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). agricultural pests, especially of leaf-mining Diptera Geographic distribution is similarly broad for most (Clausen, 1978). Other species are gall-formers on a eulophid groups, with new continental distribution variety of plants, including Eucalyptus (Boucˇ ek, 1988; records of genera being discovered on a regular basis La Salle, 2005