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Takács Quartet 1879, in Berlin by the Joachim Quartet

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Takács Quartet 1879, in Berlin by the Joachim Quartet CAL PERFORMANCES PRESENTS PROGRAM NOTES Sunday, November 6, 2011, 3pm Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904) granting that firm publication rights for all of Hertz Hall String Quartet in E-flat major, Op. 51 his future compositions. The E-flat String Quartet (Op. 51) was writ- Composed in 1878–1879. Premiered on July 29, ten in response to a request from Jean Becker, Takács Quartet 1879, in Berlin by the Joachim Quartet. leader of the Florentine Quartet, for a new work in Dvořák’s best “Slavonic” style. Dvořák, usu- Edward Dusinberre first violin With the lightning success of his Slavonic Dances ally a fast worker, began the piece on Christmas Károly Schranz second violin of 1878, Antonín Dvořák became one of his Day, but he took three months to finish it be- Geraldine Walther viola day’s most popular—and busiest—composers. cause of the many other projects to which he Just three years before, when he was in such dire had committed himself in the excitement of his András Fejér cello financial straits that the city officials of Prague growing fame. The first performance, a private with certified his poverty, he entered some of his one, was given on July 29, 1879, at the Berlin works in a competition in Vienna for struggling home of Joseph Joachim by his celebrated quar- Scott Pingel double bass composers. He won, and the distinguished jury tet; Becker and the Florentine first played it on members, including Johannes Brahms and the their tour of Switzerland in November and fre- powerful critic Eduard Hanslick, took on their quently thereafter. The E-flat Quartet remains PROGRAM young Czech colleague as a protégé. Brahms one of Dvořák’s most popular contributions to insisted that his publisher, Fritz Simrock, issue the genre. Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904) String Quartet in E-flat major, Op. 51 some of Dvořák’s music, and that he commission As with other of his works of this period (the (1878–1879) a new work from him. The result of Simrock’s Slavonic Dances, the A major String Sextet, the order, modeled on Brahms’s Hungarian Dances, Czech Suite, the Slavonic Rhapsodies, the Mazurek Allegro ma non troppo was the Slavonic Dances, which, immediately for Violin), the E-flat Quartet is deeply imbued Dumka (Elegie): Andante con moto — Vivace — upon their publication in August 1878, created with the spirit and style of the music of Dvořák’s Andante con moto — Presto a sensation. Demands for more of Dvořák’s mu- native Bohemia. “I am just an ordinary Czech Romanze: Andante con moto sic came from publishers, conductors, chamber musician,” he insisted. The roots of his love Finale: Allegro assai music ensembles, choral societies and soloists. for the country’s indigenous songs and dances During a single trip to Berlin in the autumn of reached into his earliest childhood. His father Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) String Quartet in D major, Op. 64, No. 5, 1878, he sold the D minor Serenade, Slavonic played violin and zither, sang agreeably, and was “The Lark” (1790) Rhapsodies and Bagatelles to Simrock, and the a member of the village band in Nelahozeves. Allegro moderato Op. 36 Piano Variations and Two Furiants for He encouraged his son to try the violin, and Adagio cantabile Piano to Simrock’s competitor Bote & Bock. soon the boy was entertaining his father’s clients Menuetto: Allegretto All of these works were issued in February, as (he was an innkeeper and butcher) with local Finale: Vivace quickly as they could be engraved and printed, dance tunes. When not playing, young Antonín and were sold out within two months. A Festival listened to the Gypsy bands or asked the older INTERMISSION March for the celebration of the Silver Wedding villagers to sing their timeless songs. Indelibly Anniversary of the Emperor and Empress of etched in his mind and his heart, the music of Dvořák Quintet for String Quartet and Double Bass in Austria at the Prague National Theater was writ- his countryside youth remained a touchstone G major, Op. 77 (1875) ten in February; in March, Dvořák finished the for his art throughout his life, and it finds one E-flat String Quartet (Op. 51); he delivered his of its most endearing transformations in the Allegro con fuoco setting of the 149th Psalm to the Prague Choral E-flat Quartet. Scherzo: Allegro vivace Society that same month; and the Mazurek for The Quartet opens with a serene main theme Poco andante Violin and Orchestra (Op. 49) was premiered in that acquires some dance-like decorating figures Finale: Allegro assai Prague on March 29th. Dvořák somehow found reminiscent of the polka as it unfolds. The sec- time in his frantic schedule to again visit Berlin ond theme, initiated by the viola, is structured This performance is made possible, in part, by Corporate Sponsor Mechanics Bank to sell Simrock an entire satchel-full of songs, in short, simple phrases, like a folk song. The and Patron Sponsors Earl and June Cheit. chamber pieces, violin works and even an or- development section is mainly devoted to trans- chestral overture, and to conclude an agreement formations of the main theme and its associated Cal Performances’ 2011–2012 season is sponsored by Wells Fargo. 16 CAL PERFORMANCES CAL PERFORMANCES 17 PROGRAM NOTES PROGRAM NOTES polka rhythm. The themes are reversed in the Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) glorious days gone by....” Just two weeks later, on Sieber complained about this shady deal to recapitulation, with the second subject, given String Quartet in D major, Op. 64, No. 5, February 23, 1790, the wife of Prince Nicholas Haydn, the composer, who had been system- this time by the violins in octaves, coming first, “The Lark” died, and Haydn subsequently reported to atically victimized by publishers throughout his and the clear restatement of the principal subject Marianne, “The Prince is so overwhelmed at the career, replied without sympathy, “Thus Herr held in reserve until the coda. Composed in 1790. death of his lady that we have had to strain every Tost has swindled you; you can claim your dam- Thedumka was a traditional Slavic (especial- nerve to charm His Highness out of his sadness. ages in Vienna.”) Such entrepreneurial success ly Ukrainian) folk ballad of meditative charac- With the move in 1766 of Prince Nicholas I arranged a big program of chamber music for encouraged Tost to try his hand at business, and ter which often described heroic deeds. Dvořák Esterházy and his entire household from the the first three evenings…but the poor Prince by 1790, he had settled in Vienna as a cloth mer- adapted the form for a number of his works: the old family seat in Eisenstadt to the magnifi- fell into such profound melancholy on hearing chant. During that same year, he married Maria Dumka: Elegy for Piano (Op. 35, 1876); three of cent but isolated Esterháza Palace in the re- my favorite Adagio in D that I had my work cut Anna von Jerlischek, a wealthy lady attached the Slavonic Dances (Op. 46, No. 2, 1878; Op. claimed swamps of western Hungary, Haydn out to chase it away again with other pieces.” to the household of Prince Nicholas Esterházy, 76, Nos. 2 and 4, 1886); the slow movements of found himself rather thoroughly cut off from Throughout the spring and summer, Nicholas and he used her fortune as collateral for his bur- the A major String Sextet (Op. 48, 1878) and the outside world, a situation that allowed him importuned Haydn constantly for diversion, re- geoning business. It is unknown whether Haydn the Piano Quintet (Op. 81, 1887); the Furiant to experiment in his music and to administer fusing to let him visit Vienna for even a single dedicated the Op. 64 Quartets to him out ad- with Dumka for Piano (Op. 12, 1884); and undisturbed one of Europe’s outstanding musi- day. To Marianne, Haydn complained, “Now miration for his playing while in the Esterházy the “Dumky” Trio (Op. 90, 1890–1891). The cal establishments, but which also denied him I’m caught yet again and have to remain here.... orchestra, or for his assistance in the dealings dumka acquired various musical characteristics regular contact with the most fashionable musi- It is a sad thing to be a slave, but Providence will with Sieber (Tost also helped with the Viennese in different cultures (the composer once report- cal trends and performers of the day. He came to have it so, poor wretch that I am.” Haydn’s mis- publication of the Op. 64 Quartets), or upon edly asked the noted folklorist Ludvík Kuba at look forward with much eagerness to the short ery was soon ended, however, by the death of direct commission from the merchant and/or a chance coffee-house encounter, “Just what is time during the winter when the inclement the Prince himself on September 28th. Prince his new wife (Tost commissioned Mozart’s last a dumka, anyway?”), so Dvořák felt justified weather around the Neusiedler Lake made the Anton, Nicholas’s son and successor, cared little two String Quintets, K. 593 and K. 614, during in making his own formal interpretation of it. Palace uninhabitable, a period he spent renew- for music, so he dismissed the faithful family the following months), but the “Tost” Quartets For the second movement of the E-flat Quartet, ing acquaintances and striking business deals in composer, settled a generous pension upon him, are among the most lustrous jewels in the dia- he used a form of alternating sections of slow Vienna. During his visit to the imperial city in and told him that he was free to leave.
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