Research Methods in Human Development
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Quantification of the Hawthorne Effect in Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring Using an Electronic Monitoring System: a Retrospective Cohort Study
BMJ Quality & Safety Online First, published on 7 July 2014 as 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003080ORIGINAL RESEARCH BMJ Qual Saf: first published as 10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003080 on 7 July 2014. Downloaded from Quantification of the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene compliance monitoring using an electronic monitoring system: a retrospective cohort study Jocelyn A Srigley,1,2 Colin D Furness,3,4 G Ross Baker,1 Michael Gardam5,6 1Institute of Health Policy, ABSTRACT healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), Management & Evaluation, Background The Hawthorne effect, or which are the most common adverse University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada behaviour change due to awareness of being event experienced by patients during 1 2Department of Medicine, observed, is assumed to inflate hand hygiene medical care. HCW hand hygiene is McMaster University, Hamilton, compliance rates as measured by direct known to be suboptimal2 and multifa- Ontario, Canada observation but there are limited data to ceted improvement programmes are 3Infonaut Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada support this. recommended, including measurement 3 4Faculty of Information, Objective To determine whether the presence and feedback of compliance rates. Direct University of Toronto, Toronto, of hand hygiene auditors was associated with an observation, in which human auditors Ontario, Canada 5 increase in hand hygiene events as measured by monitor the hand hygiene compliance of Department of Infection Prevention & Control, University a real-time location system (RTLS). HCWs as they carry out clinical tasks, is Health Network, Toronto, Methods The RTLS recorded all uses of alcohol- the most commonly used method of Ontario, Canada based hand rub and soap for 8 months in two measurement. -
By Jennifer M. Fogel a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
A MODERN FAMILY: THE PERFORMANCE OF “FAMILY” AND FAMILIALISM IN CONTEMPORARY TELEVISION SERIES by Jennifer M. Fogel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Communication) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Amanda D. Lotz, Chair Professor Susan J. Douglas Professor Regina Morantz-Sanchez Associate Professor Bambi L. Haggins, Arizona State University © Jennifer M. Fogel 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe my deepest gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee – Dr. Susan J. Douglas, Dr. Bambi L. Haggins, and Dr. Regina Morantz-Sanchez, who each contributed their time, expertise, encouragement, and comments throughout this entire process. These women who have mentored and guided me for a number of years have my utmost respect for the work they continue to contribute to our field. I owe my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Amanda D. Lotz, who patiently refused to accept anything but my best work, motivated me to be a better teacher and academic, praised my successes, and will forever remain a friend and mentor. Without her constructive criticism, brainstorming sessions, and matching appreciation for good television, I would have been lost to the wolves of academia. One does not make a journey like this alone, and it would be remiss of me not to express my humble thanks to my parents and sister, without whom seven long and lonely years would not have passed by so quickly. They were both my inspiration and staunchest supporters. Without their tireless encouragement, laughter, and nurturing this dissertation would not have been possible. -
Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast1
KU ScholarWorks | http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Please share your stories about how Open Access to this article benefits you. Matrifocality and Women’s Power on the Miskito Coast by Laura Hobson Herlihy 2008 This is the published version of the article, made available with the permission of the publisher. The original published version can be found at the link below. Herlihy, Laura. (2008) “Matrifocality and Women’s Power on the Miskito Coast.” Ethnology 46(2): 133-150. Published version: http://ethnology.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/Ethnology/index Terms of Use: http://www2.ku.edu/~scholar/docs/license.shtml This work has been made available by the University of Kansas Libraries’ Office of Scholarly Communication and Copyright. MATRIFOCALITY AND WOMEN'S POWER ON THE MISKITO COAST1 Laura Hobson Herlihy University of Kansas Miskitu women in the village of Kuri (northeastern Honduras) live in matrilocal groups, while men work as deep-water lobster divers. Data reveal that with the long-term presence of the international lobster economy, Kuri has become increasingly matrilocal, matrifocal, and matrilineal. Female-centered social practices in Kuri represent broader patterns in Middle America caused by indigenous men's participation in the global economy. Indigenous women now play heightened roles in preserving cultural, linguistic, and social identities. (Gender, power, kinship, Miskitu women, Honduras) Along the Miskito Coast of northeastern Honduras, indigenous Miskitu men have participated in both subsistence-based and outside economies since the colonial era. For almost 200 years, international companies hired Miskitu men as wage- laborers in "boom and bust" extractive economies, including gold, bananas, and mahogany. -
Mitochondrial/Nuclear Transfer: a Literature Review of the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Raphaëlle Dupras-Leduc, Stanislav Birko Et Vardit Ravitsky
Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 11:57 Canadian Journal of Bioethics Revue canadienne de bioéthique Mitochondrial/Nuclear Transfer: A Literature Review of the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Raphaëlle Dupras-Leduc, Stanislav Birko et Vardit Ravitsky Volume 1, numéro 2, 2018 Résumé de l'article Le transfert mitochondrial / nucléaire (M/NT) visant à éviter la transmission de URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1058264ar maladies mitochondriales graves soulève des enjeux éthiques, juridiques et DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1058264ar sociaux (ELS) complexes. En février 2015, le Royaume-Uni est devenu le premier pays au monde à légaliser le M/NT, rendant le débat houleux sur cette Aller au sommaire du numéro technologie encore plus pertinent. Cette revue d’interprétation critique identifie 95 articles pertinents sur les enjeux ELS du M/NT, y compris des articles de recherche originaux, des rapports gouvernementaux ou Éditeur(s) commandés par le gouvernement, des éditoriaux, des lettres aux éditeurs et des nouvelles de recherche. La revue présente et synthétise les arguments Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique de l'Université de présents dans la littérature quant aux thèmes les plus fréquemment soulevés: Montréal terminologie; identité, relations et parentalité; dommage potentiel; autonomie reproductive; alternatives disponibles; consentement; impact sur des groupes ISSN d’intérêt spécifiques; ressources; « pente glissante »; création, utilisation et destruction des embryons humains; et bienfaisance. La revue conclut en 2561-4665 (numérique) identifiant les enjeux ELS spécifiques au M/NT et en appelant à une recherche de suivi longitudinale clinique et psychosociale afin d’alimenter le futur débat Découvrir la revue sur les enjeux ELS de preuves empiriques. -
From Embryo Research to Therapy Bernard Baertschi, Marc Brodin, Christine Dosquet, Pierre Jouannet, Anne-Sophie Lapointe, Jennifer Merchant, Grégoire Moutel
From Embryo Research to Therapy Bernard Baertschi, Marc Brodin, Christine Dosquet, Pierre Jouannet, Anne-Sophie Lapointe, Jennifer Merchant, Grégoire Moutel To cite this version: Bernard Baertschi, Marc Brodin, Christine Dosquet, Pierre Jouannet, Anne-Sophie Lapointe, et al.. From Embryo Research to Therapy. 2017. inserm-02946989 HAL Id: inserm-02946989 https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-02946989 Submitted on 23 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. From Embryo Research to Therapy Inserm Ethics December Committee “Embryo and Developmental 2017 Research” Group Embryo and Developmental Research Group: Bernard Baertschi, Marc Brodin, Christine Dosquet, Pierre Jouannet, Anne-Sophie Lapointe, Jennifer Merchant, Grégoire Moutel A child of one’s own It was Aristotle who said that human beings, like all living beings, have “a natural desire to leave behind them an image of themselves”.1 A desire that he considered to be the natural foundation of the conjugal union – a natural foundation to which many social foundations are, of course, added. While our conception of what is natural has changed considerably since the age of Aristotle, this desire remains visible in our modern societies – with assisted reproductive technology (ART) being evidence of this. -
Adoption in the Non-Traditional Family--A Look at Some Alternatives Myra G
Hofstra Law Review Volume 16 | Issue 1 Article 8 1987 Adoption in the Non-Traditional Family--A Look at Some Alternatives Myra G. Sencer Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Sencer, Myra G. (1987) "Adoption in the Non-Traditional Family--A Look at Some Alternatives," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 16: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol16/iss1/8 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sencer: Adoption in the Non-Traditional Family--A Look at Some Alternativ ADOPTION IN THE NON-TRADITIONAL FAMILY A LOOK AT SOME ALTERNATIVES I. INTRODUCTION An adoptable child has usually been placed in a home where there is both a mother and a father who will provide a traditional family environment for the child.' This is particularly true when the child to be placed is an infant.2 This Note explores the possibility of less traditional family units as an alternative to the two-parent fam- ily in adoptions. Such non traditional families as the single adult,3 adults of advanced age either single or married,' homosexual adults either alone or as couples,5 and cohabiting couples,6 are discussed in terms of their viability as adoptive parents. While conclusions are necessarily limited by the lack of both statutory and case law,7 it appears that neither age8 nor marital status9 is a bar to adoption. -
Intergenerational Estrangement Between Older Parents And
Every family: Intergenerational estrangement between older parents and their adult-children Kylie Beth Agllias BSW (Hons), UoN, AUST. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Social Work) University of Newcastle School of Humanities and Social Science May 2011 Declaration This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Signed:............................................................. Date:.................................................. i Acknowledgements A mind that is stretched to a new idea never returns to its original dimension (Oliver W. Holmes) Some suggest the proof of a good thesis is when the examiner knows the student learnt something. However, the main lessons are the ones witnessed by supervisors, family, and friends, the lessons most often excluded from the text. I would like to thank the following people who witnessed and supported my doctoral journey and the associated life lessons: To my doctoral supervisors, mentors and colleagues, Professor Mel Gray and Doctor Jill Gibbons, I cannot thank you enough for your encouragement, guidance, and faith. You ‘saw me’ well before I knew myself. To my wonderfully generous, loving, amusing, and busy family, James, Kara, Paige, and Tyson, I love you. You are my world. -
Benefits of 'Observer Effects': Lessons from the Field
ARTICLE Q 357 Benefits of ‘observer effects’: lessons from the field R Qualitative Research Copyright © 2010 The Author(s) http:// qrj.sagepub.com vol. 10(3) 357–376 TORIN MONAHAN AND JILL A. FISHER Vanderbilt University , USA ABSTRACT This article responds to the criticism that ‘observer effects ’ in ethnographic research necessarily bias and possibly invalidate research findings. Instead of aspiring to distance and detachment, some of the greatest strengths of ethnographic research lie in cultivating close ties with others and collaboratively shaping discourses and practices in the field. Informants’ performances – however staged for or influenced by the observer – often reveal profound truths about social and/or cultural phenomena. To make this case, first we mobilize methodological insights from the field of science studies to illustrate the contingency and partiality of all knowledge and to challenge the notion that ethnography is less objective than other research methods. Second, we draw upon our ethnographic projects to illustrate the rich data that can be obtained from ‘staged performances ’ by informants. Finally, by detailing a few examples of questionable behavior on the part of informants, we challenge the fallacy that the presence of ethnographers will cause informants to self-censor. KEYWORDS : ethnography, Hawthorne effect, investigator bias, observer effects, reactivity, research methods, science studies, science and technology studies, staged performance A frequent criticism of ethnographic research is that ‘observer effects ’ will somehow bias and possibly invalidate research findings (LeCompte and Goetz, 1982; Spano, 2005) . Put simply, critics assert that the presence of a researcher will influence the behavior of those being studied, making it impossible for ethnographers to ever really document social phenomena in any accurate, let alone objective, way (Wilson, 1977) . -
Placebo and Hawthorne Effects in Development Programs
International Initiative for Impact Evaluation Invisible treatments: placebo and Hawthorne effects in development programs Marie Gaarder (3ie); Edoardo Masset (IDS); Hugh Waddington; Howard White; Anjini Mishra, (3ie) Author name www.3ieimpact.org Invisible treatments…why bother? • If perceptions and reactions explain a significant part of measured intervention impacts then.. • ..we are over-stating impact of ‘the intervention’, so – There may be more cost-effective ways of attaining impacts – Sustainability of impacts and scaleability may be at risk Author name www.3ieimpact.org Study objectives • Systematically review the identified placebo and Hawthorne effects in effectiveness-studies of development interventions • Systematically analyse possible sources and consequences of placebo and Hawthorne effects in selected development sectors • identify the level of recognition of the effects among evaluators Author name www.3ieimpact.org A Placebo is… • From medicine: – …any therapy prescribed for its therapeutic effects, but which actually is ineffective or not specifically effective for the condition being treated – A placebo effect is the non-specific therapeutic effect produced by a placebo • Generalized: – …an effect that results from the belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself – …a neutral treatment that has no "real" effect on the dependent variable – a participant's positive response to a placebo is called the placebo effect • To control for the placebo effect, researchers administer a neutral treatment (i.e., a -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UM1 films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sectionssm all overlaps.with Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearingin this copy for an additional charge. UMContact I directly to order. A Bell & Howell information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor.Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 COLLEGE STUDENTS' COGNITIONS ABOUT THEIR FAMILIES: PERCEPTIONS, IDEALS AND EXPECTATIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Gregory B. -
An Evolutionary Sketch of Russian Kinship. INSTITUTION American Ethnological Society, Washington, D.C
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 041 494 FL 001 445 AUTHOR Friedrich, Paul TITLE An Evolutionary Sketch of Russian Kinship. INSTITUTION American Ethnological Society, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 63 NOTE 26p.; From Symposiu on Language and Culture: Proceedings of the 1962 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, p1-26 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.40 DESCRIPTORS Anthropology, Behavioral Science Research, Behavior Patterns, *Cultural Factors, *Diachronic Linguistics, Ethnic Relations, Family (Sociological Unit), *Family Relationship, Family Structure, Ind(' European Languages, Language Patterns, Linguistics, Personal Relationship, *Russian, Semantics, *Slavic Languages, Sociolinguistics, Synchronic Linguistics ABSTRACT This paper presents a preliminary sketch of the evolution of Russian kinship from the reconstructed stages of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic, through old and nineteenth century Russian, to the trends of contemporary modern Russian. Linguistic, historical, and anthropological approaches have been combined. The kinship terminology is viewed as mediating through time between one aspect of linguistic structure and one social aspect of cultural organization. The conclusions deal with a point of method, suAa up the evolution of Russian kinship in relation togeneral evolution and taxonomy, and suggest new fields for the present approach. (Author/RL) otkor Veit ve:e4 U.S. DEPA/100/111 OF HEALTH, EDUCATION I WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION 4. THIS DOCUMENTHAS BEEN /IMPUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED PERSON OR OMNI/AMON FROM THE ORI6INATIN6 IL POINTS Of VIEWOR STATED DO POTPRESSOR REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE POSITION OR POLICY, OF EDUCATION ecalunt4useeedeenyd41 apyruid, Medantestagtm) Ott no 5.I. VOL UT IONA RY SKLTcfiOFPT= KINSHIP Paul Friedrich IN THE FOLLOWING paper is presented a preliminary sketch of the evolution of Russian kin- ship from the reconstructed stages of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and Proto-Slavic, through the historically attested old and nineteenth-century Russian, to the trends of contempo- rary modern Russian. -
Walden Two, Published in 1948
IN MEMORIAM: JERRY MERTENS 1936-2019 Oper2018 - IV ntsISSN 2476-0293 Is it possible to escape from a world with unequal balances of power, exploitation, and aversive control to a utopian community? Skinner offered his vision in Walden Two, published in 1948. The search for answers still continues today ... ADDRESSING RACIAL AND GENDER ISSUES from the president HAVE JUST COME BACK FROM THE WOOF! 2019 ICONFERENCE IN NOTTINGHAM, UK. ALL THE SPEAKERS ILLUSTRATED WAYS TO SHAPE BEHAVIOR. THEIR PROCEDURES CONTINUALLY OFFERED ANIMALS THE OPTION TO STOP TRAINING OR TO TAKE A BREAK. USING ONLY POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT, THE SPEAKERS SHOWED WAYS TO SOLVE COMMON PROBLEMS. AFTER SHAPING, THEIR DOGS EAGERLY GOT INTO THEIR CARRYING CASES. THE ANIMALS ACCEPTED, WITHOUT PROTEST, PAINFUL MEDICAL TREATMENTS. WITH SHAPING, GOALS WERE ACHIEVED WITHOUT COERCION. SHAPING IS BASED ON THE SCIENCE THAT SKINNER BEGAN. THE PRINCIPLES APPLY TO ANY SPECIES. THAT GOT ME THINKING ABOUT EDUCATION. RECENTLY I HAVE SEEN SIGNS THAT SKINNER’S SHAPING TECHNIQUES ARE FINDING THEIR WAY INTO SCHOOLS. TEACHERS ARE CONCENTRATING LESS ON WHAT THEY ARE DOING AND MORE ON THEIR STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE. BY FOCUSING ON EACH STUDENT’S PROGRESS, ONE CAN MORE EASILY ADJUST INSTRUCTION TO HELP EACH SUCCEED. SUCCESS IN ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS, IN TURN, LEADS TO ENTHUSIASM FOR CONTINUED LEARNING. Julie S. Vargas, Ph.D. President, B. F. Skinner Foundation 2 OPERANTS, ISSUE IV, 2018 Chinese Translated by Phoebe Lau 我剛從英國的諾丁漢 WOOF! 2019會議回來。所有講員說明了行為塑造的各種方法。他們持續給動物選擇停止訓練或暫休一會。講員展示 了如何透過運用正向行為策略解決常見問題。例如,行為塑造可使狗隻渴望進入牠們的便攜式籠子裡;牠們順從,接受痛苦的藥物治療。 經過行為塑造後,在沒有強迫的情形下,可以達到以上目的。 行為塑造始於Skinner所提倡的科學理論。他的理論適合應用於不同的生物種類。這讓我對教育有所反思。近來我領悟到Skinner的行為塑 造理論能夠應用在學校中。教師較集中在學生的表現 Dutch Trsanslated by Frans van Haaren Ik ben net terug van de WOOF!2019 conferentie in Nottingham, Engeland.