Scott 2005 Postage Stamp Catalogue

2005 STANDARD POSTAGE STAMP CATALOGUE ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST EDITION IN SIX VOLUMES VOLUME 1 UNITED STATES and Affiliated Territories UNITED NATIONS COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD A-B

EDITOR James E. Kloetzel ASSOCIATE EDITOR William A. Jones ASSISTANT EDITOR /NEW ISSUES & VALUING Martin J. Frankevicz VALUING ANALYST Leonard J. Gellman DESIGN MANAGER Teresa M. Wenrick IMAGE COORDINATOR Nancy S. Martin MARKETING/SALES DIRECTOR William Fay ADVERTISING Renee Davis CIRCULATION/PRODUCT PROMOTION MANAGER Tim Wagner EDITORIAL DIRECTOR/AMOS PRESS INC. Michael Laurence

Released April 2004 Includes New Stamp Listings through the April 2004 Scott Stamp Monthly Catalogue Update

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Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 3A Table of Contents Letter from the Editor ...... 5A Acknowledgments ...... 6A Information on Philatelic Societies ...... 7A Expertizing Services ...... 11A Information on Catalogue Values, Grade and Condition ...... 12A Grading Illustrations ...... 13A Gum Chart ...... 15A Catalogue Listing Policy ...... 16A Understanding the Listings ...... 17A Special Notices ...... 19A Abbreviations ...... 20A Basic Stamp Information ...... 21A Terminology ...... 29A Currency Conversion ...... 31A Common Design Types ...... 32A The British Commonwealth of Nations ...... 46A Colonies, Former Colonies, Offices, Territories Controlled by Parent States ....48A Dies of British Colonial Stamps Referred to in the Catalogue ...... 49A British Colonial and Crown Agents Watermarks ...... 49A Pronunciation Symbols ...... 50A

United States ...... 1 Subject Index of Regular and Air Post Issues ...... 107

United Nations ...... 178 Countries of the World A-B ...... 207 2005 Volume 1 Catalogue Number Additions, Deletions & Changes ...... 1122 Illustrated Identifier...... 1123 Index and Identifier ...... 1136 Dealer Directory Yellow Pages ...... 1143 Index to Advertisers ...... 1150

See Volumes 2 through 6 for Countries of the World, C-Z. Volume 2: C-F Volume 3: G-I Volume 4: J-O Volume 5: P-Sl Volume 6: So-Z

Scott Publishing Mission Statement The Scott Publishing Team exists to serve the recreational, educational and commercial hobby needs of stamp collectors and dealers. We strive to set the industry standard for philatelic information and products by developing and providing goods that help collectors identify, value, organize and present their collections. Quality customer service is, and will continue to be, our highest priority. We aspire toward achieving total customer satisfaction.

Copyright Notice Trademark Notice The contents of this book are owned exclusively by Scott Publishing Co. and all rights thereto The terms SCOTT, SCOTT’S, SCOTT CATALOGUE NUMBERING SYSTEM, SCOTT are reserved under the Pan American and Universal Copyright Conventions. CATALOGUE NUMBER, SCOTT NUMBER and abbreviations thereof, are trademarks of Scott Publishing Co., used to identify its publications and its copyrighted system for identifying and Copyright @2004 by Scott Publishing Co., Sidney, OH. Printed in U.S.A. classifying postage stamps for dealers and collectors. These trademarks are to be used only COPYRIGHT NOTE with the prior consent of Scott Publishing Co. Permission is hereby given for the use of material in this book and covered by copyright if: No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or (a) The material is used in advertising matter, circulars or price lists for the purpose of mechanical, including photocopying, without permission in writing from Scott Publishing Co., offering stamps for sale or purchase at the prices listed therein; and P.O. Box 828, Sidney, OH 45365-0828. (b) Such use is incidental to the business of buying and selling stamps and is limited in scope and length, i.e., it does not cover a substantial portion of the total number of stamps ISBN 0-89487-332-6 issued by any country or of any special category of stamps of any country; and (c) Such material is not used as part of any catalogue, stamp album or computerized or Library of Congress Card No. 2-3301 other system based upon the Scott catalogue numbers, or in any updated valuations of stamps not offered for sale or purchase; and (d) Such use is not competitive with the business of the copyright owner; and (e) Such use is for editorial purposes in publications in the form of articles or commen- tary, except for computer software or the serialization of books in such publications, for which separate written permission is required. Any use of the material in this book which does not satisfy all the foregoing conditions is forbidden in any form unless permission in each instance is given in writing by the copyright owner. Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 4A

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Dear Scott Catalogue User: stamps and their mint, never hinged counterparts. Scott listings for Values, values, values. never-hinged stamps begin with the 1881 Banknote issues. For all The striking feature of Volume 1 of the 2005 Scott Standard of the 19th century and most of the early 20th century, premiums Postage Stamp Catalogue is the massive number of value changes for never-hinged condition now exceed 100% of the value of the that have been recorded. Volume 1 covers United States and pos- hinged stamps. The 1882 5¢ yellow brown, Scott 205, stands at sessions, United Nations, and countries of the world A-B. Equally $300 unused, hinged but climbs to $725 mint, never hinged. The impressive is the fact that almost all of the changes are upward 1893 1¢ Columbian, Scott 230, remains at $22.50 unused and value revisions. The 25,000 value changes in the first volume of hinged but climbs to $47.50 mint, never hinged, from $45 last the 2005 season may set a record for number changes since Scott year. Never-hinged premiums for higher values are even larger. The moved to value the very fine grade of stamp in the 1996 United $5 Columbian, Scott 245, is still $3,100 unused and hinged, but in States Specialized catalog and the 1997 standard catalogs. Stamps never-hinged condition it rises to $9,000, from $8,500 last year. of the British Commonwealth lead the way with almost 13,500 The trend of rising never-hinged premiums continues in the changes, followed by the United States and possessions, Bhutan, early Bureau issues and is evident right through the 1922-26 third Angola and the French area. Bureau plus Offices in China issues. In various issues from 1924- The reasons for the number and direction of value changes 31, the size of the never-hinged premiums also is increasing, but are several. Currency fluctuations of various strong currencies often this is a result of the value of unused, hinged stamps falling against the U.S. dollar help to drive many of the increases in the slightly, while the value of never-hinged stamps remains constant or classic or semi-classic issues of many countries, not to mention the sometimes increases. Similarly, the unused, hinged values of most values of new issues. The euro, British pound, Australian dollar, early Air Post stamps drop slightly, while the values of their mint, New Zealand dollar and Canadian dollar all are significantly more never hinged counterparts hold firm at previous levels. Values for valuable in relation to the U.S. dollar than they were at this time the 1930 Zeppelins, Scott C13-C15, remain unchanged from their last year. This trend is expected to continue for some time. levels in the 2004 U.S. Specialized catalog. The market for the stamps denominated in euros, pounds There are many value increases in both Newspaper and and the various foreign dollars are largely made in the home Periodical stamps and Revenue stamps. In United Nations, aggres- countries, and anyone who wants to compete for those stamps sive dealer buy prices have made it necessary to raise the values of must compete with those home-country buyers who are dealing in selected issues. The 1951 first U.N. New York set, Scott 1-11, long their own strong currencies. This means that it will take more U.S. in the doldrums, now stands at $9.30 mint and used, up sharply dollars to buy those stamps, and it will take more dollars for U.S. from $6 mint and used in the 2004 U.S. Specialized. dealers to replenish their stocks. Being a retail value catalog val- How about the values in the A-B countries? ued in U.S. dollars, Scott must react to this situation. To ignore it First in value changes among the British Commonwealth coun- would be to put U.S. buyers and the U.S. marketplace in a severely tries is the Australian area with almost 3,750 changes. Following compromised position. Buyers must recognize that values in U.S. Australia are Barbuda (1,700), Antigua (1,000), Ascension (900), dollars are up, sometimes way up, and they must plan to pay more Aitutaki (800) and Anguilla (700). In non-British areas, there are dollars to be competitive in the worldwide marketplace for better more than 700 value changes in French area A-B countries, and foreign stamps. If values were to be kept artificially low, the U.S. Bhutan shows more than 1,200 value changes, generally strongly marketplace would see a flight of all better stamps back to their upward. home countries, where buyers would be paying much more than The Australian market appears to be quite strong for both the U.S. buyers would be paying. Australian States and Australia proper. For modern Australian stamps, A second reason why many modern values show strong value changes of 10-20 percent are common. To a large extent, this increases this year is the Scott project of thoroughly reviewing reflects the increase in the value of the currency for that country. these stamps in light of strong demand from the topical market- In Barbuda, value changes are strongly upward because of place and the absence of strong stocks of such stamps in dealer the large number of modern, hard-to-find topical stamps that hands. The result is that collectors will see a raft of large increases have been issued since 1985. The popular dinosaur topical set of in values for relatively inexpensive sets and singles from the 1980s Antigua-Barbuda issued in 1992, overprinted “BARBUDA MAIL,” and 1990s. Scott 1312-1319, rockets to $51 both mint, never hinged and Finally, a general stability in the marketplace has made it used in 2005, from $10.05 both ways in 2004. Another British imperative that these currency and demand factors be fully taken Commonwealth country that shows major increases for 2005 is into account and reflected. Remember that Scott values are retail Belize, with more than 600 value changes. values, and a failure to react to such factors as currency fluctuation An example of the continuing upward movement in Europa and topical demand would place Scott values at below market. The stamps this year is shown in the stamps of French Andorra. The Scott editors recognize that this would be highly undesirable for 1971 issue picturing the common design of links of a chain, the U.S. marketplace. Thus, you can expect to see extremely large “Fraternity, Cooperation, Common Effort,” Scott 205-206, advanc- numbers of upward value changes throughout this year’s standard es in the 2005 catalog to $35 mint, never hinged and $10 used this catalogs. year, from $24 mint, never hinged and $9.50 used last year. What about the value changes in the 2005 Volume 1? As usual, there are new footnotes and notes modified for clar- In the United States area, 5,369 values changes are recorded. ity and accuracy throughout the catalog to aid collectors. Also, see Many of these changes are brought forward from the 2004 United the Volume 1 Number Additions, Deletions & Changes listing on States Specialized catalog, but there are also many new value page 1122 for listing changes. revisions. The great majority of these changes are in the upward Happy collecting, direction. One clear trend of values for U.S. stamps in the 2005 Volume 1 is the continuing growth of the gap between unused, hinged James E. Kloetzel/Catalogue Editor

Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 6A INTRODUCTION Acknowledgments Our appreciation and gratitude go to the following individuals who have assisted us in preparing information included in this year’s Scott Catalogues. Some helpers prefer anonym- A special acknowledgment to Liane ity. These individuals have generously shared their stamp knowledge with others through the and Sergio Sismondo of The Classic medium of the Scott Catalogue. Collector for their extraordinary assis- Those who follow provided information that is in addition to the hundreds of dealer price lists tance and knowledge sharing that and advertisements and scores of auction catalogues and realizations that were used in produc- has aided in the preparation of this ing the catalogue values. It is from those noted here that we have been able to obtain informa- year’s Standard and Classic Specialized tion on items not normally seen in published lists and advertisements. Support from these people Catalogues. goes beyond data leading to catalogue values, for they also are key to editorial changes.

A. R. Allison (Orange Free State Study Circle) Dr. Hector R. Mena (Society for Costa Rica Arthur L.-F. Askins Collectors) Robert Ausubel (Great Britain Collectors Club) Mark S. Miller John Barone (Stamptracks) Chuck Q. Moo Jack Hagop Barsoumian (International William E. Mooz Stamp Co.) David Mordant (Postmark and Postal History William Batty-Smith (Sarawak Specialists’ Society of Southern Africa) Society) Gary M. Morris (Pacific Midwest Co.) Jules K. Beck (Latin American Philatelic Bruce M. Moyer (Moyer Stamps & Collectibles) Society) Albert Olejnik Vladimir Berrio-Lemm (CEFIN_PANAMA) Victor Ostolaza Randall Brooksbank John E. Pearson (Pittwater Philatelic Service) Keith & Margie Brown John Pedneault Mike Bush (Joseph V. Bush, Inc.) Donald J. Peterson (International Philippine Lawrence A. Bustillo (Suburban Stamp Inc.) Philatelic Society) A. Bryan Camarda (University Stamp Co.) Stanley M. Piller (Stanley M. Piller & Associates) Joseph J. Cartafalsa Virgil Pirvulescu Richard A. Champagne Todor Drumev Popov Albert F. Chang Peter W. W. Powell Henry Chlanda Stephen Radin (Albany Stamp Co.) Richard E. Clever (Asia Philatelics) Ghassan D. Riachi Bob Coale Eric Roberts Laurie Conrad Michael Rogers (Michael Rogers, Inc.) Frank D. Correl Jon W. Rose Andrew Cronin (Canadian Society of Theodosios Sampson Russian Philately) Alex Schauss (Schauss Philatelics) William T. Crowe (The Philatelic Foundation) Jacques C. Schiff, Jr. (Jacques C. Schiff, Jr., Inc.) Tony Davis Bernard Seckler (Fine Arts Philatelists) Bob Dumaine (Sam Houston Duck Co.) Guy Shaw Esi Ebrani Charles F. Shreve (Shreves Philatelic Galleries, Paul G. Eckman Inc.) Leon Finik (Loral Stamps) Jeff Siddiqui (Pakistan Philatelic Study Circle) Henry Fisher Sergio & Liane Sismondo (The Classic Joseph E. Foley (Eire Philatelic Association) Collector) Jeffrey M. Forster Christopher Smith Ernest E. Fricks (France & Colonies Philatelic Robert M. Spaulding (International Society for Society) Japanese Philately) Richard Friedberg Merle Spencer (The Stamp Gallery) Michael A. Goldman (Regency Superior, Ltd.) Richard Stark Daniel E. Grau Richard M. Stevens Fred F. Gregory Peter Thy (Philatelic Society for Greater Erich E. Hamm (Philactica) Southern Africa) Jerone Hart (Aden & Somaliland Study Group) Xavier Verbeck (American Belgian John B. Head Philatelic Society) Philip J. Hughes (Croatian Philatelic Society) Philip T. Wall Kalman V. Illyefalvi (Society for Hungarian Daniel C. Warren Philately) Richard A. Washburn Michael Jaffe (Michael Jaffe Stamps, Inc.) Giana Wayman (Asociacion Filatélica John I. Jamieson (Saskatoon Stamp Centre) de Costa Rica) Peter C. Jeannopoulos Ed Wener (Indigo) Allan Katz (Ventura Stamp Company) Ken Whitby Stanford M. Katz Don White (Dunedin Stamp Centre) Lewis Kaufman Kirk Wolford (Kirk’s Stamp Company) Patricia A. Kaufmann Urmas Wompa Dr. James W. Kerr Robert F. Yacano (K-Line Philippines) Charles F. Kezbers Ralph Yorio Dr. Thomas C. Kingsley Val Zabijaka Juri Kirsimagi (Estonian Philatelic Society) Dr. Michal Zika (Album) William V. Kriebel Alfonso G. Zulueta, Jr. Frederick P. Lawrence John R. Lewis (The William Henry Stamp Co.) Ulf Lindahl (Ethiopian Philatelic Society) William A. Litle Gary B. Little (Luxembourg Collectors Club) Pedro Llach (Filatelia Llach S.L.) George Luzitano Dennis Lynch Marilyn R. Mattke

Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 7A Addresses, Telephone Numbers, Web Sites, E-Mail Addresses of General & Specialized Philatelic Societies Collectors can contact the following groups for information about the The Perfins Club United States Stamp Society philately of the areas within the scope of these societies, or inquire Kurt Otternheimer Executive Secretary about membership in these groups. Aside from the general societies, 462 West Walnut St. PO Box 6634 Long Beach NY 11561 Katy TX 77491-6631 we limit this list to groups that specialize in particular fields of phi- Ph: (516) 431-3412 www.usstamps.org lately, particular areas covered by the Scott Standard Postage Stamp E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Catalogue, and topical groups. Many more specialized philatelic society exist than those listed below. These addresses are updated Post Mark Collectors Club U.S. Cancellation Club yearly, and they are, to the best of our knowledge, correct and cur- David Proulx Roger Rhoads 7629 Homestead Drive 6160 Brownstone Ct. rent. Groups should inform the editors of address changes whenever Baldwinsville NY 13027 Mentor OH 44060 they occur. The editors also want to hear from other such specialized E-mail: [email protected] www.geocities.com/athens/2088/ groups not listed. uscchome.htm Unless otherwise noted all website addresses begin with http:// Postal History Society E-mail: [email protected] Kalman V. Illyefalvi American Philatelic Society American Revenue Association 8207 Daren Court U.S. Philatelic Classics Society 100 Match Factory Place Eric Jackson Pikesville MD 21208-2211 Mark D. Rogers Bellefonte PA 16823-1367 PO Box 728 Ph: (410) 653-0665 PO Box 80708 Ph: (814) 237-3803 Leesport PA 19533-0728 Austin TX 78708-0708 www.stamps.org Ph: (610) 926-6200 Precancel Stamp Society www.uspcs.org E-mail: [email protected] www.revenuer.org Arthur Damm E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 176 Bent Pine Hill American Stamp Dealers’ North Wales PA 19454 Groups focusing on philately of Association American Topical Association Ph: (215) 368-6082 foreign countries or regions Joseph Savarese Ray E. Cartier E-mail: [email protected] 3 School St. PO Box 57 Aden & Somaliland Study Group Glen Cove NY 11542 Arlington TX 76004-0057 United Postal Stationery Society Gary Brown Ph: (516) 759-7000 Ph: (817) 274-1181 Cora Collins PO Box 106 www.asdaonline.com americantopicalassn.org PO Box 1792 Briar Hill, Victoria, Australia 3088 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Norfolk VA 23501-1792 E-mail: [email protected] www.upss.org m.au International Society of Worldwide Errors, Freaks and Oddities E-mail: [email protected] Stamp Collectors Collectors Club Albania Study Circle Anthony Zollo Jim McDevitt Groups focusing on U.S. area Paul Eckman PO Box 150407 955 S. Grove Blvd #65 philately as covered in the PO Box 39880 Lufkin TX 75915-0407 Kingsland GA 31548-5263 Standard Catalogue Los Angeles CA 90039 www.iswsc.org Ph: (912) 729-1573 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.efoers.org Canal Zone Study Group E-mail: [email protected] Richard H. Salz American Society of Polar Junior Philatelists of America 60 27th Ave. Philatelists (Antarctic areas) Jennifer Arnold Fakes and Forgeries Study Group San Francisco CA 94121 Alan Warren PO Box 2625 Anthony Torres PO Box 39 Albany OR 97321 107 Hoover Rd. Carriers and Locals Society Exton PA 19341-0039 www.jpastamps.org Rochester NY 14617-3611 John D. Bowman www.polarphilatelists.org E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 232 Leaf Lane E-mail: [email protected] Alabaster AL 35007 Royal Philatelic Society First Issues Collectors Club Ph: (205) 621-8449 Andorran Philatelic Study Circle 41 Devonshire Place Kurt Streepy www.pennypost.org D. Hope London, United Kingdom W1G 6JY P.O. Box 288 E-mail: [email protected] 17 Hawthorn Dr. www.rpsl.org.uk Clear Creek IN 47426-0288 Stalybridge, Cheshire, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] www.firstissues.org Confederate Stamp Alliance SK15 1UE E-mail: [email protected] Kevin Baker www.chy-an-piran.demon.co.uk/ Royal Philatelic Society of Canada 3015 Fieldview Dr. E-mail: apsc@chy-an- PO Box 929, Station Q International Philatelic Society of Murfreesboro TN 37128 piran.demon.co.uk Toronto, ON, Canada M4T 2P1 Joint Stamp Issues Collectors www.csalliance.org Ph: (888) 285-4143 Richard Zimmermann E-mail: [email protected] Australian States Study Circle www.rpsc.org 124, Avenue Guy de Coubertin Ben Palmer E-mail: [email protected] Saint Remy Les Chevreuse, France Hawaiian Philatelic Society GPO 1751 F-78470 Kay H. Hoke Sydney, N.S.W., Australia 1043 Groups focusing on fields or perso.club-internet.fr/rzimmerm/ PO Box 10115 aspects found in worldwide index.htm Honolulu HI 96816-0115 Austria Philatelic Society philately (some may cover E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (808) 521-5721 Ralph Schneider U.S. area only) E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 23049 National Duck Stamp Collectors Belleville IL 62223 American Air Mail Society Plate Number Coil Collectors Club Ph: (618) 277-6152 Stephen Reinhard Society Anthony J. Monico Gene C. Trinks www.apsus.esmartweb.com PO Box 110 3603 Bellows Court E-mail: [email protected] Mineola NY 11501 PO Box 43 Harleysville PA 19438-0043 Troy MI 48083 www.americanairmailsociety.org www.pnc3.org American Belgian Philatelic Society E-mail: [email protected] www.hwcn.org/link/ndscs E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Kenneth L. Costilow American First Day Cover Society 621 Virginius Dr. Douglas Kelsey No Value Identified Club United Nations Philatelists Virginia Beach VA 23452-4417 PO Box 65960 Albert Sauvanet Blanton Clement, Jr. Ph: (757) 463-6081 Tucson AZ 85728-5960 Le Clos Royal B, Boulevard des Pas P.O. Box 146 groups.hamptonroads.com/ABPS Ph: (520) 321-0880 Enchantes Morrisvile PA 19067-0146 E-mail: [email protected] www.afdcs.org St. Sebastien-sur Loire, France 44230 www.unpi.com E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]_nantes.fr E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 8A INTRODUCTION Bechuanalands and Botswana Croatian Philatelic Society (Croatia France & Colonies Philatelic Society of Indo-China Philatelists Society & other Balkan areas) Society Norman S. Davis Neville Midwood Ekrem Spahich Walter Parshall PO Box 290406 69 Porlock Lane 502 Romero, PO Box 696 103 Spruce St. Brooklyn NY 11229 Furzton, Milton Keynes, United Fritch TX 79036-0696 Bloomfield NJ 07003-3514 Kingdom MK4 1JY Ph: (806) 857-0129 Iran Philatelic Study Circle www.nevsoft.com www.croatianmall.com/cps/ Germany Philatelic Society Mehdi Esmaili E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 779 PO Box 750096 Arnold MD 21012-4779 Forest Hills NY 11375 Bermuda Collectors Society Cuban Philatelic Society of America www.gps.nu www.iranphilatelic.org Thomas J. McMahon Ernesto Cuesta E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 1949 PO Box 34434 Stuart FL 34995 Bethesda MD 20827 German Democratic Republic Eire Philatelic Association (Ireland) www.bermudacollectorssociety.org www.philat.com/cpsa Study Group of the German Myron G. Hill III Philatelic Society PO Box 1210 Brazil Philatelic Association Cyprus Study Circle Ken Lawrence College Park MD 20741-1210 William V. Kriebel Jim Wigmore PO Box 210 eirephilatelicassoc.org 1923 ManningSt. 19 Riversmeet, Appledore Bellefonte PA 16823-0210 E-mail: [email protected] Philadelphia PA 19103-5728 Bideford, N. Devon, United Kingdom Ph: (814) 422-0625 Ph: (215) 735-3697 EX39 1RE E-mail: [email protected] Society of Israel Philatelists E-mail: [email protected] www.cyprusstudycircle.org/index.htm Paul S. Aufrichtig E-mail: [email protected] Gibraltar Study Circle 300 East 42nd St. British Caribbean Philatelic Study www.abel.co.uk/~stirrups/GSC.HTM New York NY 10017 Group Society for Czechoslovak Philately E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Reuben A. Ramkissoon Peter Z. Kleskovic Italy and Colonies Study Circle 3011 White Oak Lane 27 Jay St. Great Britain Collectors Club Andrew D’Anneo Oak Brook IL 60523-2513 Succasunna NJ 07876-1831 Parker A. Bailey, Jr. 1085 Dunweal Lane www.bcpsg.com www.czechoslovakphilately.com PO Box 773 Calistoga CA 94515 E-mail: [email protected] Merrimack NH 03054-0773 www.icsc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk Danish West Indies Study Unit of www.gbstamps.com/gbcc E-mail: [email protected] British North America Philatelic the Scandinavian Collectors Club E-mail: [email protected] Society (Canada & Provinces) John L. Dubois International Society for Japanese H. P. Jacobi Thermalogic Corp. Hellenic Philatelic Society of Philately 150 A St. 22 Kane Industrial Drive America (Greece and related Kenneth Kamholz Surrey, B.C., Canada V4A 9W4 Hudson MA 01749 areas) PO Box 1283 www.bnaps.org Ph: (800) 343-4492 Dr. Nicholas Asimakopulos Haddonfield NJ 08033 E-mail: [email protected] dwi.thlogic.com 541 Cedar Hill Ave. www.isjp.org E-mail: [email protected] Wyckoff NJ 07481 E-mail: [email protected] British West Indies Study Circle Ph: (201) 447-6262 W. Clary Holt East Africa Study Circle E-mail: [email protected] Korea Stamp Society PO Drawer 59 Ken Hewitt John E. Talmage Burlington NC 27216 16 Ashleigh Road International Society of Guatemala PO Box 6889 Ph: (336) 227-7461 Solihull, United Kingdom B91 1AE Collectors Oak Ridge TN 37831 E-mail: [email protected] Mrs. Mae Vignola www.pennfamily.org/KSS-USA Burma Philatelic Study Circle 105 22nd Ave. E-mail: [email protected] A. Meech Egypt Study Circle San Francisco CA 94121 7208 91st Ave. Mike Murphy Latin American Philatelic Society Edmonton, AB, Canada T6B 0R8 109 Chadwick Road Haiti Philatelic Society Piet Steen E-mail: [email protected] London, United Kingdom SE15 4PY Ubaldo Del Toro 197 Pembina Ave. E-mail: [email protected] 5709 Marble Archway Hinton, AB, Canada T7V 2B2 Ceylon Study Group Alexandria VA 22315 R. W. P. Frost Estonian Philatelic Society www.haitiphilately.org Latvian Philatelic Society 42 Lonsdale Road, Cannington Juri Kirsimagi E-mail: [email protected] Aris Birze Bridgewater, Somerset, United 29 Clifford Ave. 569 Rougemount Dr. Kingdom TA5 2JS Pelham NY 10803 Honduras Collectors Club Pickering, ON, Canada L1W 2C1 Ph: (914) 738-3713 Jeff Brasor Channel Islands Specialists Society PO Box 143383 Liberian Philatelic Society Miss S. Marshall Ethiopian Philatelic Society Irving TX 75014 William Thomas Lockard 1 Grove Farm Drive, Leeds Ulf Lindahl PO Box 106 West Yorks, LL16 6DD 21 Westview Place Hong Kong Stamp Society Wellston OH 45692 United Kingdom Riverside CT 06878 Dr. An-Min Chung Ph: (740) 384-2020 Ph: (203) 866-3540 3300 Darby Rd. Cottage 503 E-mail: [email protected] China Stamp Society members.home.net/fbheiser/ Haverford PA 19041-1064 Paul H. Gault ethiopia5.htm Liechtenstudy USA (Liechtenstein) PO Box 20711 E-mail: [email protected] Society for Hungarian Philately Ralph Schneider Columbus OH 43220 Robert Morgan PO Box 23049 www.chinastampsociety.org Falkland Islands Philatelic Study 2201 Roscomare Rd. Belleville IL 62223 E-mail: [email protected] Group Los Angeles CA 90077-2222 Ph: (618) 277-6152 Carl J. Faulkner www.hungarianphilately.org www.rschneiderstamps.com/Liechten Colombia/Panama Philatelic Study Williams Inn, On-the-Green E-mail: h.alan.hoover@hungarianphil study.htm Group (CORAPHIL) Williamstown MA 01267-2620 ately.org E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 2245 Ph: (413) 458-9371 El Cajon CA 92021 India Study Circle Lithuania Philatelic Society www.copaphil.org Faroe Islands Study Circle John Warren John Variakojis E-mail: [email protected] Norman Hudson PO Box 7326 3715 W. 68th St. 28 Enfield Road Washington DC 20044 Chicago IL 60629 Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, United Ph: (202) 564-6876 Ph: (773) 585-8649 Society for Costa Rica Collectors Kingdom CH65 8BY www.indiastudycircle.org www.filatelija.lt/lps/ Dr. Hector R. Mena www.faroeislandssc.org.uk E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 14831 E-mail: [email protected] Baton Rouge LA 70808 Indian Ocean Study Circle Luxembourg Collectors Club K. B. Fitton www.socorico.org Former French Colonies Specialist Gary B. Little 50 Firlands E-mail: [email protected] Society 3304 Plateau Dr. BP 628 Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom Belmont CA 94002-1312 75367 Paris Cedex 08, France KT13 0HR www.luxcentral.com/stamps/LCC www.ifrance.com/colfra www.stampdomain.com/iosc E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 9A Malaya Study Group Pakistan Philatelic Study Circle St. Helena, Ascension & Tristan Da Society for Thai Philately Keith Elliot Jeff Siddiqui Cunha Philatelic Society H. R. Blakeney 78 Howard Road PO Box 7002 Dr. Everett L. Parker PO Box 25644 Bournemouth, United Kingdom BH8 Lynnwood WA 98046 719 Moosehead Lake Rd. Oklahoma City OK 73125 9ED E-mail: [email protected] Greenville ME 04441-9727 E-mail: [email protected] home.freeuk.net/johnmorgan/msg.htm Ph: (207) 695-3163 Centro de Filatelistas ourworld.compuserve.com/ Transvaal Study Circle Malta Study Circle Independientes de Panama homepages/ ST_HELENA_ASCEN_TDC J. Woolgar Alec Webster Vladimir Berrio-Lemm E-mail: [email protected] 132 Dale Street 50 Worcester Road Apartado 0835-348 Chatham, Kent ME4 6QH, United Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 Panama, 10, Panama St. Pierre & Miquelon Philatelic Kingdom 6QB E-mail: [email protected] Society www.transvaalsc.org E-mail: [email protected] David Salovey Papuan Philatelic Society 320 Knights Corner Ottoman and Near East Philatelic Mexico-Elmhurst Philatelic Society Steven Zirinsky Stony Point NY 10980 Society (Turkey and related areas) International PO Box 49, Ansonia Station E-mail: [email protected] Bob Stuchell David Pietsch New York NY 10023 193 Valley Stream Lane PO Box 50997 Ph: (718) 706-0616 Associated Collectors of El Salvador Wayne PA 19087 Irvine CA 92619-0997 E-mail: [email protected] Jeff Brasor www.oneps.org E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 143383 E-mail: [email protected] International Philippine Philatelic Irving TX 75014 Society for Moroccan and Tunisian Society Ukrainian Philatelic & Numismatic Philately Robert F. Yacano Fellowship of Samoa Specialists Society 206, bld. Pereire PO Box 100 Jack R. Hughes George Slusarczuk 75017 Paris, France Toast NC 27049 PO Box 1260 PO Box 303 members.aol.com/Jhaik5814 Ph: (336) 783-0768 Boston MA 02117-1260 Southfields NY 10975-0303 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] members.aol.com/tongaJan/foss.html www.upns.org E-mail: [email protected] Nepal & Tibet Philatelic Study Pitcairn Islands Study Group Sarawak Specialists’ Society Group Nelson A. L. Weller Stu Leven Vatican Philatelic Society Roger D. Skinner 2940 Wesleyan Lane 4031 Samson Way Sal Quinonez 1020 Covington Road Winston-Salem NC 27106 San Jose CA 95124-3733 1 Aldersgate, Apt. 1002 Los Altos CA 94024-5003 Ph: (336) 724-6384 Ph: (408) 978-0193 Riverhead NY 11901-1830 Ph: (650) 968-4163 E-mail: [email protected] www.britborneostamps.org.uk Ph: (516) 727-6426 fuchs-online.com/ntpsc/ E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Plebiscite-Memel-Saar Study Group British Virgin Islands Philatelic of the German Philatelic Society Scandinavian Collectors Club Society American Society of Netherlands Clay Wallace Donald B. Brent Roger Downing Philately 100 Lark Court PO Box 13196 PO Box 11156 Jan Enthoven Alamo CA 94507 El Cajon CA 92020 St. Thomas VI 00801-1156 221 Coachlite Ct. S. E-mail: [email protected] www.scc-online.org www.islandsun.com/FEATURES/ Onalaska WI 54650 E-mail: [email protected] bviphil9198.html Ph: (608) 781-8612 Polonus Philatelic Society (Poland) E-mail: [email protected] www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/aswin Arkadius Walinski Slovakia Stamp Society /NL/neth 7414 Lincoln Ave. - D Jack Benchik West Africa Study Circle E-mail: [email protected] Skokie IL 60076-3898 PO Box 555 Dr. Peter Newroth www.polonus.org Notre Dame IN 46556 33-520 Marsett Place New Zealand Society of Great Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 7J1 Britain International Society for Philatelic Society for Greater www.wasc.org.uk/ Keith C. Collins Portuguese Philately Southern Africa 13 Briton Crescent Clyde Homen William C. Brooks VI Western Australia Study Group Sanderstead, Surrey, United Kingdom 1491 Bonnie View Rd. PO Box 4158 Brian Pope CR2 0JN Hollister CA 95023-5117 Cucamonga CA 91729-4158 PO Box 423 www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~rgc/nzsgb www.portugalstamps.com Ph: (909) 484-2806 Claremont, Western Australia, E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.homestead.com/psgsa/index.html Australia 6910 E-mail: [email protected] Nicaragua Study Group Rhodesian Study Circle Yugoslavia Study Group of the Erick Rodriguez William R. Wallace Spanish Philatelic Society Croatian Philatelic Society 11817 S.W. 11th St. PO Box 16381 Robert H. Penn Michael Lenard Miami FL 33184-2501 San Francisco CA 94116 1108 Walnut Drive 1514 North 3rd Ave. clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/nicaraguastudy www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk Danielsville PA 18038 Wausau WI 54401 group E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (610) 767-6793 Ph: (715) 675-2833 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Society of Russian Sudan Study Group Society of Australasian Specialists/ Philately Charles Hass Topical Groups Oceania Andrew Cronin PO Box 3435 Henry Bateman PO Box 5722, Station A Nashua NH 03061-3435 Americana Unit PO Box 4862 Toronto, ON, Canada M5W 1P2 Ph: (603) 888-4160 Dennis Dengel Monroe LA 71211-4862 Ph: (905) 764-8968 E-mail: [email protected] 17 Peckham Rd. Ph: (800) 571-0293 members.aol.com/ www3.sympatico.ca/postrider/postrider Poughkeepsie NY 12603-2018 stampsho/saso.html E-mail: [email protected] American Helvetia Philatelic www.americanaunit.org E-mail: [email protected] Society (Switzerland, E-mail: [email protected] Rossica Society of Russian Philately Liechtenstein) Orange Free State Study Circle Edward J. Laveroni Richard T. Hall Astronomy Study Unit J. R. Stroud P.O. Box 320997 PO Box 15053 George Young 28 Oxford St. Los Gatos CA 95032-0116 Asheville NC 28813-0053 PO Box 632 Burnham-on-sea, Somerset, United www.rossica.org www.swiss-stamps.org Tewksbury MA 01876-0632 Kingdom TA8 1LQ E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (978) 851-8283 www.ofssc.org www.fandm.edu/departments/ E-mail: [email protected] Ryukyu Philatelic Specialist Society Tannu Tuva Collectors Society astronomy/miscell/astunit.html Carmine J. DiVincenzo Ken Simon E-mail: [email protected] Pacific Islands Study Circle PO Box 381 513 Sixth Ave. So. John Ray Clayton CA 94517-0381 Lake Worth FL 33460-4507 24 Woodvale Avenue Ph: (561) 588-5954 London, United Kingdom SE25 4AE www.seflin.org/tuva www.pisc.org.uk E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 10A INTRODUCTION Bicycle Stamp Club Dogs on Stamps Study Unit Philatelic Lepidopterists’ Association Norman Batho Morris Raskin Lions International Stamp Club Alan Hanks 358 Iverson Place 202A Newport Rd. John Bargus 34 Seaton Dr. East Windsor NJ 08520 Monroe Township NJ 08831 304-2777 Barry Rd. RR 2 Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 2K1 Ph: (609) 448-9547 Ph: (609) 655-7411 Mill Bay, BC, Canada V0R 2P0 Ph: (905) 727-6933 members.tripod.com/~bicyclestamps www.dossu.org Ph: (250) 743-5782 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Philatelic Music Circle Mahatma Gandhi On Stamps Cathleen Osborne Biology Unit Earth’s Physical Features Study Study Circle PO Box 1781 Alan Hanks Group Pramod Shivagunde Sequim WA 98382 34 Seaton Dr. Fred Klein Pratik Clinic, Akluj Ph: (360) 683-6373 Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 2K1 515 Magdalena Ave. Solapur, Maharashtra, India 413101 www.stampshows.com/pmc.html Ph: (905) 727-6993 Los Altos CA 94024 E-mail: [email protected] www.philately.com/society_news/ Rotary on Stamps Unit Bird Stamp Society earths _physical.htm Mask Study Unit Richard J. Dickson G. P. Horsman Carolyn Weber PO Box 534 9 Cowley Drive, Worthy Down Ebony Society of Philatelic Events 1220 Johnson Drive, Villa 104 Irvington VA 22480 Winchester, Hants., United Kingdom and Reflections (African- Ventura CA 93003-0540 Ph: (804) 438-1178 SO21 2OW American topicals) www.home.prcn.org/~pauld/ata/ E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Manuel Gilyard units/masks.htm 800 Riverside Drive, Ste 4H E-mail: [email protected] Scouts on Stamps Society Canadiana Study Unit New York NY 10032-7412 International John Peebles www.esperstamps.org Masonic Study Unit Carl Schauer PO Box 3262, Station “A” E-mail: [email protected] Stanley R. Longenecker PO Box 526 930 Wood St. London, ON, Canada N6A 4K3 Embroidery, Stitchery, Textile Unit Belen NM 87002 E-mail: [email protected] Mount Joy PA 17552-1926 Ph: (505) 864-0098 Helen N. Cushman E-mail: [email protected] 1001 Genter St., Apt. 9H www.sossi.org Captain Cook Study Unit E-mail: [email protected] Brian P. Sandford La Jolla CA 92037 Mathematical Study Unit 173 Minuteman Dr. Ph: (619) 459-1194 Estelle Buccino Ships on Stamps Unit Concord MA 01742-1923 Europa Study Unit 5615 Glenwood Rd. Robert Stuckert www.captaincooksociety.com Donald W. Smith Bethesda MD 20817-6727 2750 Highway 21 East E-mail: PO Box 576 Ph: (301) 718-8898 Paint Lick KY 40461 [email protected]/ Johnstown PA 15907-0576 www.math.ttu.edu/msu/ Ph: (859) 925-4901 E-mail: [email protected] or E-mail: [email protected] www.shipsonstamps.org Casey Jones Railroad Unit [email protected] Bill Senkus Medical Subjects Unit Space Unit PO Box 4584 Fine & Performing Arts Dr. Frederick C. Skvara Carmine Torrisi Walnut Creek CA 94596-4584 Rachel S. Smith PO Box 6228 PO Box 780241 www.uqp.de/cjr/index.htm 7756 Montero Drive Bridgewater NJ 08807 Maspeth NY 11378 E-mail: [email protected] Rohnert Park Ca 94928 E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (718) 386-7882 E-mail: [email protected] stargate.1usa.com/stamps/ Cats on Stamps Study Unit Mesoamerican Archeology Study E-mail: [email protected] Mary Ann Brown Fire Service in Philately Unit 3006 Wade Rd. Brian R. Engler, Sr. Chris Moser Sports Philatelists International Durham NC 27705 726 1/2 W. Tilghman St. PO Box 1442 Margaret Jones Allentown PA 18102-2324 Riverside CA 92502 5310 Lindenwood Ave. Chemistry & Physics on Stamps Ph: (610) 433-2782 www.masu.homestead.com/info.html St. Louis MO 63109-1758 Study Unit E-mail: [email protected] E-mail:[email protected] www.sportstamps.org Dr. Roland Hirsch 20458 Water Point Lane Gay & Lesbian History on Stamps Napoleonic Age Philatelists Stamps on Stamps Collectors Club Germantown MD 20874 Club Ken Berry Alf Jordan www.cpossu.org Joe Petronie 7513 Clayton Dr. 156 West Elm Street E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 190842 Oklahoma City OK 73132-5636 Yarmouth ME 04096 Dallas TX 75219-0842 Ph: (405) 721-0044 Ph: (650) 234-1136 Chess on Stamps Study Unit www.glhsc.org E-mail: [email protected] www.stampsonstamps.org Anne Kasonic E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 7625 County Road #153 Old World Archeological Study Interlaken NY 14847 Gems, Minerals & Jewelry Study Unit Windmill Study Unit E-mail: [email protected] Unit Eileen Meier Walter J. Hollien George Young PO Box 369 PO Box 346 Christmas Philatelic Club PO Box 632 Palmyra VA 22963 Long Valley NJ 07853-0346 Linda Lawrence Tewksbury MA 01876-0632 Ph: (434) 589-4222 Ph: (908) 876-3672 312 Northwood Drive Ph: (978) 851-8283 www.owasu.org Lexington KY 40505 www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/ Wine on Stamps Study Unit Ph: (859) 293-0151 gmjsuapp.txt Parachute Study Group James D. Crum www.hwcn.org/link/cpc E-mail: [email protected] Bill Wickert 816 Kingsbury Ct. E-mail: [email protected] 3348 Clubhouse Road Arroyo Grande CA 93420-4517 Graphics Philately Association Virginia Beach VA 23452-5339 Ph: (805) 489-3559 Christopher Columbus Philatelic Mark Winnegrad Ph: (757) 486-3614 E-mail: [email protected] Society PO Box 380 E-mail: [email protected] Donald R. Ager Bronx NY 10462-0380 Petroleum Philatelic Society Women on Stamps Study Unit PO Box 71 Journalists, Authors & Poets on Hugh Gottfried Hillsboro NH 03244-0071 International 2232 26th St. Stamps Linda W. Corwin Ph: (603) 464-5379 Ms. Lee Straayer Santa Monica CA 90405-1902 E-mail: [email protected] 5427 Pine Springs Court E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 6808 Conroe TX 77304 Champaign IL 61826 Ph: (936) 441-0216 Collectors of Religion on Stamps E-mail: [email protected] Zeppelin Collectors Club Verna Shackleton E-mail: [email protected] Cheryl Ganz 425 North Linwood Avenue #110 Lighthouse Stamp Society Philatelic Computing Study Group PO Box A3843 Appleton WI 54914 Dalene Thomas Robert de Violini Chicago IL 60690-3843 Ph: (920) 734-2417 8612 West Warren Lane PO Box 5025 www.powernetonline.com/~corosec/ Lakewood CO 80227-2352 Oxnard CA 93031-5025 coros1.htm Ph: (303) 986-6620 www.pcsg.org E-mail: [email protected] www.lighthousestampsociety.org E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 11A Expertizing Services The following organizations will, for a fee, provide expert opinions about stamps submitted to them. Collectors should contact these organizations to find out about their fees andrequirements before submit- ing philatelic material to them. The listing of these groups here is not intended as an endorsement by Scott Publishing Co.

General Expertizing Services Robert W. Lyman V. G. Greene Philatelic Research Confederate Stamp Alliance P.O. Box 348 Foundation American Philatelic Expertizing Authentication Service Irvington on Hudson NY 10533 Box 100, First Canadian Place Service (a service of the c/o Patricia A. Kaufmann Ph and Fax: (914) 591-6937 Toronto, ON, Canada M5X 1B2 American Philatelic Society) 10194 N. Old State Road Areas of Expertise: British North Ph: (416) 863-4593 100 Match Factory Place Lincoln DE 19960-9797 America, New Zealand Fax: (416) 863-4592 Bellefonte PA 16823-1367 Ph: (302) 422-2656 Areas of Expertise: British North Ph: (814) 237-3803 Fax: (302) 424-1990 Robert Odenweller America Fax: (814) 237-6128 www.webuystamps.com/csaauth.htm P.O. Box 401 www.stamps.org E-mail: [email protected] Bernardsville, NJ 07924-0401 E-mail: [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Confederate stamps Ph and Fax: (908) 766-5460 Areas of Expertise: Worldwide and postal history Areas of Expertise: New Zealand, Samoa to 1900 B. P. A. Expertising, Ltd. Croatian Philatelic Society PO Box 137 Expertizing Service Alex Rendon Leatherhead, Surrey, United Kingdom PO Box 696 P.O. Box 323 KT22 0RG Fritch TX 79036-0696 Massapequa NY 11762 E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (806) 857-0129 Ph and Fax: (516) 795-0464 Areas of Expertise: British E-mail: [email protected] Areas of Expertise: Bolivia, Commonwealth, Great Britain, Areas of Expertise: Croatia and other Colombia, Colombian States Classics of Europe, South America and Balkan areas the Far East Sergio Sismondo Errors, Freaks and Oddities 10035 Carousel Center Dr. Philatelic Foundation Collectors Syracuse NY 13290-0001 70 West 40th St., 15th Floor Club Expertizing Service Ph: (315) 422-2331 New York NY 10018 138 East Lakemont Dr. Fax: (315) 422-2956 Areas of Expertise: U.S. & Worldwide Kingsland GA 31548 Areas of Expertise: Cape of Ph: (912) 729-1573 Good Hope, Canada, British Professional Stamp Experts Areas of Expertise: U.S. errors, freaks North America PO Box 6170 and oddities Newport Beach CA 92658 International Society for Japanese Ph: (877) STAMP-88 Estonian Philatelic Society Philately Expertizing Committee Fax: (949) 833-7955 Expertizing Service 32 King James Court www.collectors.com/pse 39 Clafford Lane Staten Island NY 10308-2910 E-mail: [email protected] Melville NY 11747 Ph: (718) 227-5229 Areas of Expertise: Stamps and Ph: (516) 421-2078 Areas of Expertise: Japan and covers of U.S., U.S. Possessions, E-mail: [email protected] related areas, except WWII Japanese British Commonwealth Areas of Expertise: Estonia Occupation issues Royal Philatelic Society Expert Hawaiian Philatelic Society International Society for Committee Expertizing Service Portuguese Philately Expertizing 41 Devonshire Place PO Box 10115 Service London, United Kingdom W1N 1PE Honolulu HI 96816-0115 PO Box 43146 www.rpsl.org.uk/experts.html Areas of Expertise: Hawaii Philadelphia PA 19129-3146 E-mail: [email protected] Ph: (215) 843-2106 Areas of Expertise: All Hong Kong Stamp Society Fax: (215) 843-2106 Expertizing Service E-mail: [email protected] Expertizing Services Covering PO Box 206 .net Specific Fields Or Countries Glenside PA 19038 Areas of Expertise: Portugal and colo- Fax: (215) 576-6850 nies Canadian Society of Russian Areas of Expertise: Hong Kong Philately Expertizing Service Mexico-Elmhurst Philatelic Society PO Box 5722, Station A International Association of International Expert Committee Toronto, ON, Canada M5W 1P2 Philatelics Experts PO Box 1133 Fax: (416)932-0853 United States Associate members: West Covina CA 91793 Areas of Expertise: Russian areas Areas of Expertise: Mexico Paul Buchsbayew China Stamp Society Expertizing 119 W. 57th St. Philatelic Society for Greater Service New York NY 10019 Southern Africa Expert Panel 1050 West Blue Ridge Blvd Ph: (212) 977-7734 13955 W. 30th Ave. Kansas City MO 64145 Fax: (212) 977-8653 Golden CO 80401 Ph: (816) 942-6300 Areas of Expertise: Russia, Soviet Areas of expertise: Entire South and E-mail: [email protected] Union South West Africa area, Areas of Expertise: China Bechuanalands, Basutoland, Swaziland William T. Crowe (see Philatelic Foundation) Ukrainian Philatelic & Numismatic Society Expertizing Service John Lievsay 30552 Dell Lane (see American Philatelic Expertizing Warren MI 48092-1862 Service and Philatelic Foundation) Ph: (810) 751-5754 Areas of Expertise: France Areas of Expertise: Ukraine, Western Ukraine

Information on Catalogue Values, Grade and Condition

Catalogue Value present a nice, balanced appearance. Imperforate stamps will be well The Scott Catalogue value is a retail value; that is, an amount you centered within normal-sized margins. However, early issues of many could expect to pay for a stamp in the grade of Very Fine with no countries may be printed in such a way that the perforations may faults. Any exceptions to the grade valued will be noted in the text. touch the design on one or more sides. Where this is the case, a The general introduction on the following pages and the individual boxed note will be found defining the centering and margins of the section introductions further explain the type of material that is val- stamps being valued. Used stamps will have light or otherwise neat ued. The value listed for any given stamp is a reference that reflects cancellations. This is the grade used to establish Scott Catalogue recent actual dealer selling prices for that item. values. Dealer retail price lists, public auction results, published prices in EXTREMELY FINE stamps are close to being perfectly centered. advertising and individual solicitation of retail prices from dealers, Imperforate stamps will have even margins that are slightly larger collectors and specialty organizations have been used in establish- than normal. Even the earliest perforated issues will have perfora- ing the values found in this catalogue. Scott Publishing Co. values tions clear of the design on all sides. stamps, but Scott is not a company engaged in the business of buying Scott Publishing Co. recognizes that there is no formally and selling stamps as a dealer. enforced grading scheme for postage stamps, and that the Use this catalogue as a guide for buying and selling. The actual price final price you pay or obtain for a stamp will be determined you pay for a stamp may be higher or lower than the catalogue value by individual agreement at the time of transaction. because of many different factors, including the amount of personal service a dealer offers, or increased or decreased interest in the country or topic represented by a stamp or set. An item may occasionally Condition be offered at a lower price as a “loss leader,” or as part of a special sale. Grade addresses only centering and (for used stamps) cancellation. You also may obtain an item inexpensively at public auction because Condition refers to factors other than grade that affect a stamp’s of little interest at that time or as part of a large lot. desirability. Stamps that are of a lesser grade than Very Fine, or those with Factors that can increase the value of a stamp include exceptionally condition problems, generally trade at lower prices than those given wide margins, particularly fresh color, the presence of selvage, and in this catalogue. Stamps of exceptional quality in both grade and plate or die varieties. Unusual cancels on used stamps (particularly condition often command higher prices than those listed. those of the 19th century) can greatly enhance their value as well. Values for pre-1900 unused issues are for stamps with approxi- Factors other than faults that decrease the value of a stamp mately half or more of their original gum. Stamps with most or all of include loss of original gum, regumming, a hinge remnant or foreign their original gum may be expected to sell for more, and stamps with object adhering to the gum, natural inclusions, straight edges, and less than half of their original gum may be expected to sell for some- markings or notations applied by collectors or dealers. what less than the values listed. On rarer stamps, it may be expected Faults include missing pieces, tears, pin or other holes, surface that the original gum will be somewhat more disturbed than it will scuffs, thin spots, creases, toning, short or pulled perforations, be on more common issues. Post-1900 unused issues are assumed clipped perforations, oxidation or other forms of color changelings, to have full original gum. From breakpoints in most countries’ list- soiling, stains, and such man-made changes as reperforations or the ings, stamps are valued as never hinged, due to the wide availability chemical removal or lightening of a cancellation. of stamps in that condition. These notations are prominently placed in the listings and in the country information preceding the listings. Some countries also feature listings with dual values for hinged and Grading Illustrations never-hinged stamps. On the following two pages are illustrations of various stamps from countries appearing in this volume. These stamps are arranged by country, and they represent early or important issues that are often Grade found in widely different grades in the marketplace. The editors A stamp’s grade and condition are crucial to its value. The accompa- believe the illustrations will prove useful in showing the margin size nying illustrations show examples of Very Fine stamps from different and centering that will be seen on the various issues. time periods, along with examples of stamps in Fine to Very Fine and In addition to the matters of margin size and centering, collectors Extremely Fine grades as points of reference. are reminded that the very fine stamps valued in the Scott catalogues FINE stamps (illustrations not shown) have designs that are quite also will possess fresh color and intact perforations, and they will be off center, with the perforations on one or two sides very close to free from defects. the design but not quite touching it. There is white space between Most examples shown are computer-manipulated images made the perforations and the design that is minimal but evident to the from single digitized master illustrations. unaided eye. Imperforate stamps may have small margins, and earlier issues may show the design just touching one edge of the stamp design. Very early perforated issues normally will have the perfora- Stamp Illustrations Used in the Catalogue tions slightly cutting into the design. Used stamps may have heavier It is important to note that the stamp images used for identification than usual cancellations. purposes in this catlaogue may not be indicative of the grade of stamp FINE-VERY FINE stamps will be somewhat off center on one being valued. Refer to the written discussion of grades on this page side, or slightly off center on two sides. Imperforate stamps will and to the grading illustrations on the following two pages for grading have two margins of at least normal size, and the design will not information. touch any edge. For perforated stamps, the perfs are well clear of the design, but are still noticeably off center. However, early issues of a country may be printed in such a way that the design naturally is very close to the edges. In these cases, the perforations may cut into the design very slightly. Used stamps will not have a cancellation that detracts from the design. VERY FINE stamps will be just slightly off center on one or two sides, but the design will be well clear of the edge. The stamp will Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 13A

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTT CATALOGUES VALUE STAMPS IN THIS GRADE Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTT CATALOGUES VALUE STAMPS IN THIS GRADE Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTT CATALOGUES VALUE STAMPS IN THIS GRADE Very Fine

Extremely Fine

Fine-Very Fine

SCOTT CATALOGUES VALUE STAMPS IN THIS GRADE Very Fine

Extremely Fine

For purposes of helping to determine the gum condition and value together, the Illustrated Grading Chart on the previous pages and of an unused stamp, Scott Publishing Co. presents the following this Illustrated Gum Chart should allow catalogue users to better chart which details different gum conditions and indicates how the understand the grade and gum condition of stamps valued in the conditions correlate with the Scott values for unused stamps. Used Scott catalogues.

Gum Categories: MINT N.H. ORIGINAL GUM (O.G.) NO GUM

Mint Lightly Hinged Hinge Mark or Large part o.g. Small part o.g. No gum Never Hinged Faint impression Remnant Approximately Approximately Only if issued Free from any of a removed Prominent half or more of less than half of with gum disturbance hinge over a hinged spot with the gum intact the gum intact small area part or all of the hinge remaining Commonly Used Symbol: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ (★) Scott “No Gum” Pre-1900 Issues Very fine pre-1900 stamps in these categories Scott Value for listings for (Pre-1890 for U.S.) trade at a premium over Scott value “Unused” selected unused classic stamps Scott “Never Scott Value for “Unused” From 1900 to break- Hinged” list- (Actual value will be points for listings of ings for selected affected by the never-hinged stamps unused stamps degree of hinging of the full o.g.)

From breakpoints Scott Value for noted for many “Unused” countries

Never Hinged (NH; ★★): A never-hinged stamp will have full original gum that will have no hinge mark or disturbance. The presence of an expertizer’s mark does not disqualify a stamp from this designation. Original Gum (OG; ★): Pre-1900 stamps should have approximately half or more of their original gum. On rarer stamps, it may be expected that the original gum will be somewhat more disturbed that it will be on more common issues. Post-1900 stamps should have full original gum. Original gum will show some disturbance caused by a previous hinge(s) which may be present or entirely removed. The actual value of a post-1900 stamp will be affected by the degree of hinging of the full original gum. Disturbed Original Gum: Gum showing noticeable effects of humidity, climate or hinging over more than half of the gum. The significance of gum disturbance in valuing a stamp in any of the Original Gum categories depends on the degree of disturbance, the rarity and normal gum condition of the issue and other variables affecting quality.

Regummed (RG; (★)): A regummed stamp is a stamp without gum that has had some type of gum privately applied at a time after it was issued. This normally is done to deceive collectors and/or dealers into thinking that the stamp has original gum and therefore has a higher value. A regummed stamp is considered the same as a stamp with none of its original gum for purposes of grading.

Catalogue Listing Policy It is the intent of Scott Publishing Co. to list all postage stamps of Commemoratives — Where practical, commemoratives with the world in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. The only the same theme are placed in a set. For example, the U.S. Civil War strict criteria for listing is that stamps be decreed legal for postage Centennial set of 1961-65 and the Constitution Bicentennial series of by the issuing country and that the issuing country actually have 1989-90 appear as sets. Countries such as Japan and Korea issue such an operating postal system. Whether the primary intent of issuing a material on a regular basis, with an announced, or at least predictable, given stamp or set was for sale to postal patrons or to stamp collec- number of stamps known in advance. Occasionally, however, stamp tors is not part of our listing criteria. Scott’s role is to provide basic sets that were released over a period of years have been separated. comprehensive postage stamp information. It is up to each stamp Appropriately placed footnotes will guide you to each set’s continu- collector to choose which items to include in a collection. ation. It is Scott’s objective to seek reasons why a stamp should be listed, Definitive sets — Blocks of numbers generally have been rather than why it should not. Nevertheless, there are certain types reserved for definitive sets, based on previous experience with of items that will not be listed. These include the following: any given country. If a few more stamps were issued in a set than 1. Unissued items that are not officially distributed or released by originally expected, they often have been inserted into the original the issuing postal authority. If such items are officially issued at a set with a capital-letter suffix, such as U.S. Scott 1059A. If it appears later date by the country, they will be listed. Unissued items consist that many more stamps than the originally allotted block will be of those that have been printed and then held from sale for reasons released before the set is completed, a new block of numbers will be such as change in government, errors found on stamps or something reserved, with the original one being closed off. In some cases, such deemed objectionable about a stamp subject or design. as the U.S. Transportation and Great Americans series, several blocks 2. Stamps “issued” by non-existent postal entities or fantasy of numbers exist. Appropriately placed footnotes will guide you to countries, such as Nagaland, Occusi-Ambeno, Staffa, Sedang, Torres each set’s continuation. Straits and others. Also, stamps “issued” in the names of legitimate, New country — Membership in the Universal Postal Union is stamp-issuing countries that are not authorized by those countries. not a consideration for listing status or order of placement within the 3. Semi-official or unofficial items not required for postage. catalogue. The index will tell you in what volume or page number Examples include items issued by private agencies for their own the listings begin. express services. When such items are required for delivery, or are “No release date” items — The amount of information avail- valid as prepayment of postage, they are listed. able for any given stamp issue varies greatly from country to country 4. Local stamps issued for local use only. Postage stamps issued and even from time to time. Extremely comprehensive information by governments specifically for “domestic” use, such as Haiti Scott about new stamps is available from some countries well before the 219-228, or the United States non-denominated stamps, are not stamps are released. By contrast some countries do not provide considered to be locals, since they are valid for postage throughout information about stamps or release dates. Most countries, however, the country of origin. fall between these extremes. A country may provide denominations 5. Items not valid for postal use. For example, a few countries or subjects of stamps from upcoming issues that are not issued as have issued souvenir sheets that are not valid for postage. This area planned. Sometimes, philatelic agencies, those private firms hired to also includes a number of worldwide charity labels (some denomi- represent countries, add these later-issued items to sets well after the nated) that do not pay postage. formal release date. This time period can range from weeks to years. 6. Intentional varieties, such as imperforate stamps that look like If these items were officially released by the country, they will be their perforated counterparts and are usually issued in very small added to the appropriate spot in the set. In many cases, the specific quantities. Also, other egregiously exploitative issues such as stamps release date of a stamp or set of stamps may never be known. sold for far more than face value or stamps purposefully issued in Overprints — The color of an overprint is always noted if it is artificially small quantities or only against advance orders. All of these other than black. Where more than one color of ink has been used kinds of items are usually controlled issues and/or are intended for on overprints of a single set, the color used is noted. Early overprint speculation. and surcharge illustrations were altered to prevent their use by forg- 7. Items distributed by the issuing government only to a limited ers. group, such as a stamp club, philatelic exhibition or a single stamp Se-tenants — Connected stamps of differing features (se-tenants) dealer, and later brought to market at inflated prices. These items will be listed in the format most commonly collected. This includes normally will be included in a footnote. pairs, blocks or larger multiples. Se-tenant units are not always The fact that a stamp has been used successfully as postage, even symmetrical. An example is Australia Scott 508, which is a block on international mail, is not in itself sufficient proof that it was legiti- of seven stamps. If the stamps are primarily collected as a unit, the mately issued. Numerous examples of so-called stamps from non- major number may be assigned to the multiple, with minors going to existent countries are known to have been used to post letters that each component stamp. In cases where continuous-design or other have successfully passed through the international mail system. unit se-tenants will receive significant postal use, each stamp is given There are certain items that are subject to interpretation. When a a major Scott number listing. This includes issues from the United stamp falls outside our specifications, it may be listed along with a States, Canada, Germany and Great Britain, for example. cautionary footnote. A number of factors are considered in our approach to analyzing how a stamp is listed. The following list of factors is presented to share with you, the catalogue user, the complexity of the listing process. Additional printings — “Additional printings” of a previously issued stamp may range from an item that is totally different to cases where it is impossible to differentiate from the original. At least a minor number (a small-letter suffix) is assigned if there is a distinct change in stamp shade, noticeably redrawn design, or a significantly different perforation measurement. A major number (numeral or numeral and capital-letter combination) is assigned if the editors feel the “additional printing” is sufficiently different from the original that it constitutes a different issue. Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 17A

Understanding the Listings On the opposite page is an enlarged “typical” listing from this cata- Minor listings are in a smaller type style and have a small-letter suf- logue. Below are detailed explanations of each of the highlighted parts fix or (if the listing immediately follows that of the major number) may of the listing. show only the letter. These listings identify a variety of the major item. Examples include perforation, color, watermark or printing method dif- Scott number — Scott catalogue numbers are used to identify ferences, multiples (some souvenir sheets, booklet panes and se-tenant specific items when buying, selling or trading stamps. Each listed combinations), and singles of multiples. postage stamp from every country has a unique Scott catalogue number. Examples of major number listings include 16, 28A, B97, C13A, Therefore, Germany Scott 99, for example, can only refer to a single 10N5, and 10N6A. Examples of minor numbers are 16a and C13Ab. stamp. Although the Scott catalogue usually lists stamps in chronological Basic information about a stamp or set — Introducing each order by date of issue, there are exceptions. When a country has issued a stamp issue is a small section (usually a line listing) of basic infor- set of stamps over a period of time, those stamps within the set are kept mation about a stamp or set. This section normally includes the date of together without regard to date of issue. This follows the normal collect- issue, method of printing, perforation, watermark and, sometimes, some ing approach of keeping stamps in their natural sets. additional information of note. Printing method, perforation and water- When a country issues a set of stamps over a period of time, a group mark apply to the following sets until a change is noted. Stamps created of consecutive catalogue numbers is reserved for the stamps in that set, by overprinting or surcharging previous issues are assumed to have the as issued. If that group of numbers proves to be too few, capital-letter same perforation, watermark and printing method as the original. Dates suffixes, such as “A” or “B,” may be added to existing numbers to create of issue are as precise as Scott is able to confirm and often reflect the enough catalogue numbers to cover all items in the set. A capital-let- dates on first-day covers, rather than the actual date of release. ter suffix indicates a major Scott catalogue number listing. Scott uses Denomination — This normally refers to the face value of a suffix letter only once. Therefore, a catalogue number listing with a the stamp; that is, the cost of the unused stamp at the post office capital-letter suffix will not also be found with the same letter (lower at the time of issue. When a denomination is shown in parentheses, case) used as a minor-letter listing. If there is a Scott 16A in a set, for it does not appear on the stamp. This includes the non-denominated example, there will not also be a Scott 16a. However, a minor-letter “a” stamps of the United States, Brazil and Great Britain, for example. listing may be added to a major number containing an “A” suffix (Scott 16Aa, for example). Color or other description — This area provides informa- Suffix letters are cumulative. A minor “b” variety of Scott 16A would tion to solidify identification of a stamp. In many recent cases, be Scott 16Ab, not Scott 16b. a description of the stamp design appears in this space, rather than a There are times when a reserved block of Scott catalogue numbers listing of colors. is too large for a set, leaving some numbers unused. Such gaps in the Year of issue — In stamp sets that have been released in a numbering sequence also occur when the catalogue editors move an period that spans more than a year, the number shown in paren- item’s listing elsewhere or have removed it entirely from the catalogue. theses is the year that stamp first appeared. Stamps without a date Scott does not attempt to account for every possible number, but rather appeared during the first year of the issue. Dates are not always given attempts to assure that each stamp is assigned its own number. for minor varieties. Scott numbers designating regular postage normally are only numerals. Scott numbers for other types of stamps, such as air post, semi- Value unused and Value used — The Scott catalogue val- postal, postal tax, postage due, occupation and others have a prefix ues are based on stamps that are in a grade of Very Fine unless consisting of one or more capital letters or a combination of numerals stated otherwise. Unused values refer to items that have not seen postal, and capital letters. revenue or any other duty for which they were intended. Pre-1900 unused stamps that were issued with gum must have at least most of Illustration number — Illustration or design-type numbers their original gum. Later issues are assumed to have full original gum. are used to identify each catalogue illustration. For most sets, From breakpoints specified in most countries’ listings, stamps are valued the lowest face-value stamp is shown. It then serves as an example of as never hinged. Stamps issued without gum are noted. Modern issues the basic design approach for other stamps not illustrated. Where more with PVA or other synthetic adhesives may appear ungummed. Self- than one stamp use the same illustration number, but have differences adhesive stamps are valued as appearing undisturbed on their original in design, the design paragraph or the description line clearly indicates backing paper. For a more detailed explanation of these values, please the design on each stamp not illustrated. Where there are both vertical see the “Catalogue Value,” “Condition” and “Understanding Valuing and horizontal designs in a set, a single illustration may be used, with Notations” sections elsewhere in this introduction. the exceptions noted in the design paragraph or description line. In some cases, where used stamps are more valuable than unused When an illustration is followed by a lower-case letter in parenthe- stamps, the value is for an example with a contemporaneous cancel, ses, such as “A2(b),” the trailing letter indicates which overprint or rather than a modern cancel or a smudge or other unclear marking. For surcharge illustration applies. those stamps that were released for postal and fiscal purposes, the used Illustrations normally are 70 percent of the original size of the stamp. value represents a postally used stamp. Stamps with revenue cancels An effort has been made to note all illustrations not illustrated at that per- generally sell for less. Scott values for used self-adhesive stamps are for centage. Virtually all souvenir sheet illustrations are reduced even more. examples either on piece or off piece. Overprints and surcharges are shown at 100 percent of their original size if shown alone, but are 70 percent of original size if shown on stamps. Changes in basic set information — Bold type is used to In some cases, the illustration will be placed above the set, between list- show any changes in the basic data given for a set of stamps. ings or omitted completely. Overprint and surcharge illustrations are not This includes perforation differences from one stamp to the next or a placed in this catalogue for purposes of expertizing stamps. different paper, printing method or watermark. Paper color — The color of a stamp’s paper is noted in ital- Total value of a set — The total value of sets of three or ic type when the paper used is not white. more stamps issued after 1900 are shown. The set line also notes the range of Scott numbers and total number of stamps included in the Listing styles — There are two principal types of catalogue grouping. The actual value of a set consisting predominantly of stamps hav- listings: major and minor. ing the minimum value of twenty cents may be less than the total value Major listings are in a larger type style than minor listings. The shown. Similary, the actual value or catalogue value of se-tenant pairs or catalogue number is a numeral that can be found with or without a of blocks consisting of stamps having the minimum value of twenty cents capital-letter suffix, and with or without a prefix. may be less than the catalogue values of the component parts. Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 18A INTRODUCTION

King George VI and Leopard – A6

BASIC INFORMATION ON STAMP OR SET King George VI SCOTT A7 DENOMINATION NUMBER 1 1938-44 Engr. Perf. 12 ⁄2 1 54 A6 ⁄2p green .20 1.00 1 54A A6 ⁄2p dk brown (’42) .20 1.25 COLOR 55 A6 1p dark brown .20 .25 OR OTHER 55A A6 1p green (’42) .20 .50 DESCRIPTION 1 56 A6 1 ⁄2p dark carmine .65 3.00 1 ILLUS. 56A A6 1 ⁄2p gray (’42) .20 3.25 NUMBER 57 A6 2p gray 1.25 .70 57A A6 2p dark car (’42) .20 1.25 YEAR OF 58 A6 3p blue .30 .35 ISSUE 59 A6 4p rose lilac 1.25 .85 60 A6 6p dark violet 1.75 .85 61 A6 9p olive bister 1.75 1.75 UNUSED CATALOGUE 62 A6 1sh orange & blk 1.40 1.00 USED VALUES PAPER Typo. COLOR Perf. 14 Chalky Paper 63 A7 2sh ultra & dl vio, bl 5.50 6.50 64 A72sh6p red & blk, bl 6.50 7.50 CHANGES IN LISTING MAJORS 65 A7 5sh red & grn, yel 22.50 12.50 BASIC SET STYLES a. 5sh dk red & dp grn, yel (’44) 50.00 37.50 INFORMATION MINORS 66 A7 10sh red & grn, grn 32.50 24.00 Wmk. 3 67 A7 £1 blk & vio, red 20.00 18.00 TOTAL Nos. 54-67 (18) 96.55 84.50 VALUE Set, never hinged 150.00 OF SET

Special Notices The catalogue update section of the Scott Stamp Monthly is the Classification of stamps most timely presentation of this material available. Annual subscrip- The Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue lists stamps by coun- tions to the Scott Stamp Monthly are available from Scott Publishing try of issue. The next level of organization is a listing by section on Co., Box 828, Sidney, OH 45365-0828. the basis of the function of the stamps. The principal sections cover regular postage, semi-postal, air post, special delivery, registration, Number additions, deletions & changes postage due and other categories. Except for regular postage, cata- A listing of catalogue number additions, deletions and changes from logue numbers for all sections include a prefix letter (or number-let- the previous edition of the catalogue appears in each volume. See ter combination) denoting the class to which a given stamp belongs. Catalogue Number Additions, Deletions & Changes in the table of When some countries issue sets containing stamps from more than contents for the location of this list. one category, the catalogue will at times list all of the stamps in one category (such as air post stamps listed as part of a postage set). Understanding valuing notations The following is a listing of the most commonly used catalogue The minimum catalogue value of an individual stamp or set is 20 prefixes. cents. This represents a portion of the cost incurred by a dealer Prefix... Category when he prepares an individual stamp for resale. As a point of phila- C ...... Air Post telic-economic fact, the lower the value shown for an item in this M...... Military catalogue, the greater the percentage of that value is attributed to P...... Newspaper dealer mark up and profit margin. In many cases, such as the 20- N ...... Occupation - Regular Issues cent minimum value, that price does not cover the labor or other O ...... Official costs involved with stocking it as an individual stamp. The sum of Q ...... Parcel Post minimum values in a set does not properly represent the value of J...... Postage Due a complete set primarily composed of a number of minimum-value RA .....Postal Tax stamps, nor does the sum represent the actual value of a packet B...... Semi-Postal made up of minimum-value stamps. Thus a packet of 1,000 different E...... Special Delivery common stamps — each of which has a catalogue value of 20-cents MR ....War Tax — normally sells for considerably less than 200 dollars! The absence of a retail value for a stamp does not necessarily sug- Other prefixes used by more than one country include the following: gest that a stamp is scarce or rare. A dash in the value column means H ...... Acknowledgment of Receipt that the stamp is known in a stated form or variety, but information I...... Late Fee is either lacking or insufficient for purposes of establishing a usable CO.....Air Post Official catalogue value. CQ.....Air Post Parcel Post Stamp values in italics generally refer to items that are difficult RAC...Air Post Postal Tax to value accurately. For expensive items, such as those priced at CF...... Air Post Registration $1,000 or higher, a value in italics indicates that the affected item CB .....Air Post Semi-Postal trades very seldom. For inexpensive items, a value in italics repre- CBO...Air Post Semi-Postal Official sents a warning. One example is a “blocked” issue where the issuing CE .....Air Post Special Delivery postal administration may have controlled one stamp in a set in an EY...... Authorized Delivery attempt to make the whole set more valuable. Another example is S ...... Franchise an item that sold at an extreme multiple of face value in the market- G ...... Insured Letter place at the time of its issue. GY .....Marine Insurance One type of warning to collectors that appears in the catalogue MC ....Military Air Post is illustrated by a stamp that is valued considerably higher in used MQ....Military Parcel Post condition than it is as unused. In this case, collectors are cautioned NC.....Occupation - Air Post to be certain the used version has a genuine and contemporaneous NO ....Occupation - Official cancellation. The type of cancellation on a stamp can be an impor- NJ ...... Occupation - Postage Due tant factor in determining its sale price. Catalogue values do not NRA...Occupation - Postal Tax apply to fiscal, telegraph or non-contemporaneous postal cancels, NB .....Occupation - Semi-Postal unless otherwise noted. NE .....Occupation - Special Delivery Some countries have released back issues of stamps in canceled- QY .....Parcel Post Authorized Delivery to-order form, sometimes covering as much as a 10-year period. The AR .....Postal-fiscal Scott Catalogue values for used stamps reflect canceled-to-order RAJ ....Postal Tax Due material when such stamps are found to predominate in the market- RAB ...Postal Tax Semi-Postal place for the issue involved. Notes frequently appear in the stamp F ...... Registration listings to specify which items are valued as canceled-to-order, or if EB...... Semi-Postal Special Delivery there is a premium for postally used examples. EO .....Special Delivery Official Many countries sell canceled-to-order stamps at a marked reduc- QE .....Special Handling tion of face value. Countries that sell or have sold canceled-to-order stamps at full face value include Australia, Netherlands, France and New issue listings Switzerland. It may be almost impossible to identify such stamps Updates to this catalogue appear each month in the Scott Stamp if the gum has been removed, because official government cancel- Monthly magazine. Included in this update are additions to the listings ing devices are used. Postally used copies of these items on cover, of countries found in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue however, are usually worth more than the canceled-to-order stamps and the Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps, as well as with original gum. corrections and updates to current editions of this catalogue. From time to time there will be changes in the final listings of Abbreviations stamps from the Scott Stamp Monthly to the next edition of the Scott Publishing Co. uses a consistent set of abbreviations through- catalogue. This occurs as more information about certain stamps or out this catalogue to conserve space, while still providing necessary sets becomes available. information. Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 20A INTRODUCTION

COLOR ABBREVIATIONS Intl...... International amb .amber crim .crimson ol .....olive Invtd...... Inverted anil ..aniline cr.....cream olvn .olivine L...... Left ap ....apple dk ....dark org ...orange Lieut., lt...... Lieutenant aqua.aquamarine dl .....dull pck...peacock Litho...... Lithographed az.....azure dp ....deep pnksh pinkish LL ...... Lower left bis....bister db ....drab Prus .Prussian LR...... Lower right bl .....blue emer emerald pur...purple mm...... Millimeter bld ...blood gldn .golden redshreddish Ms...... Manuscript blk ...black gryshgrayish res....reseda Natl...... National bril...brilliant grn...green ros ...rosine No...... Number brn...brown grnshgreenish ryl....royal NY ...... New York brnshbrownish hel ...heliotrope sal....salmon NYC...... New York City brnz .bronze hn....henna saph .sapphire Ovpt...... Overprint brt....bright ind ...indigo scar..scarlet Ovptd...... Overprinted brnt..burnt int....intense sep...sepia P...... Plate number car ...carmine lav....lavender sien..sienna Perf...... Perforated, perforation cer ...cerise lem ..lemon sil.....silver Phil...... Philatelic chlkychalky lil .....lilac sl...... slate Photo...... Photogravure chamchamois lt...... light stl ....steel PO ...... Post office chnt .chestnut mag..magenta turq..turquoise Pr...... Pair choc.chocolate man .manila ultra.ultramarine P.R...... Puerto Rico chr...chrome mar..maroon Ven ..Venetian Prec...... Precancel, precanceled cit ....citron mv ...mauve ver ...vermilion Pres...... President cl .....claret multi multicolored vio ...violet PTT...... Post, Telephone and Telegraph cob...cobalt mlky milky yel....yellow Rio...... Rio de Janeiro cop...copper myr..myrtle yelsh yellowish Sgt...... Sergeant When no color is given for an overprint or surcharge, black is Soc...... Society the color used. Abbreviations for colors used for overprints and Souv...... Souvenir surcharges include: “(B)” or “(Blk),” black; “(Bl),” blue; “(R),” red; SSR ...... Soviet Socialist Republic, see ASSR and “(G),” green. St...... Saint, street Surch...... Surcharge Additional abbreviations in this catalogue are shown below: Typo...... Typographed Adm...... Administration UL ...... Upper left AFL...... American Federation of Labor Unwmkd...... Unwatermarked Anniv...... Anniversary UPU...... Universal Postal Union APS...... American Philatelic Society UR ...... Upper Right Assoc...... Association US...... United States ASSR...... Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic USPOD ...... United States Post Office Department b...... Born USSR...... Union of Soviet Socialist Republics BEP...... Bureau of Engraving and Printing Vert...... Vertical Bicent...... Bicentennial VP...... Vice president Bklt...... Booklet Wmk...... Watermark Brit...... British Wmkd...... Watermarked btwn...... Between WWI...... World War I Bur...... Bureau WWII...... World War II c. or ca...... Circa Cat...... Catalogue Cent...... Centennial, century, centenary Examination CIO...... Congress of Industrial Organizations Scott Publishing Co. will not comment upon the genuineness, Conf...... Conference grade or condition of stamps, because of the time and responsibility Cong...... Congress involved. Rather, there are several expertizing groups that under- Cpl...... Corporal take this work for both collectors and dealers. Neither will Scott CTO...... Canceled to order Publishing Co. appraise or identify philatelic material. The company d...... Died cannot take responsibility for unsolicited stamps or covers sent by Dbl...... Double individuals. EKU...... Earliest known use Engr...... Engraved Exhib...... Exhibition How to order from your dealer Expo...... Exposition When ordering stamps from a dealer, it is not necessary to write the Fed...... Federation full description of a stamp as listed in this catalogue. All you need is GB ...... Great Britain the name of the country, the Scott catalogue number and whether Gen...... General the desired item is unused or used. For example, “Japan Scott 422 GPO...... General post office unused” is sufficient to identify the unused stamp of Japan listed as Horiz...... Horizontal “422 A206 5y brown.” Imperf...... Imperforate Impt...... Imprint

Basic Stamp Information A stamp collector’s knowledge of the combined elements that make paper, originally made of mulberry fibers and rice flour, is part of this a given stamp issue unique determines his or her ability to identify group. See Japan Scott 1-18. stamps. These elements include paper, watermark, method of sepa- Manila — This type of paper is often used to make stamped enve- ration, printing, design and gum. On the following pages each of lopes and wrappers. It is a coarse-textured stock, usually smooth on these important areas is briefly described. one side and rough on the other. A variety of colors of manila paper exist, but the most common range is yellowish-brown. Silk — Introduced by the British in 1847 as a safeguard against Paper counterfeiting, silk paper contains bits of colored silk thread scat- Paper is an organic material composed of a compacted weave of tered throughout. The density of these fibers varies greatly and can cellulose fibers and generally formed into sheets. Paper used to print include as few as one fiber per stamp or hundreds. U.S. revenue Scott stamps may be manufactured in sheets, or it may have been part of R152 is a good example of an easy-to-identify silk paper stamp. a large roll (called a web) before being cut to size. The fibers most Silk-thread paper has uninterrupted threads of colored silk arranged often used to create paper on which stamps are printed include bark, so that one or more threads run through the stamp or postal statio- wood, straw and certain grasses. In many cases, linen or cotton rags nery. See Great Britain Scott 5-6 and Switzerland Scott 14-19. have been added for greater strength and durability. Grinding, Granite — Filled with minute cloth or colored paper fibers of bleaching, cooking and rinsing these raw fibers reduces them to various colors and lengths, granite paper should not be confused a slushy pulp, referred to by paper makers as “stuff.” Sizing and, with either type of silk paper. Austria Scott 172-175 and a number sometimes, coloring matter is added to the pulp to make different of Swiss stamps are examples of granite paper. types of finished paper. Chalky — A chalk-like substance coats the surface of chalky paper After the stuff is prepared, it is poured onto sieve-like frames that to discourage the cleaning and reuse of canceled stamps, as well as allow the water to run off, while retaining the matted pulp. As fibers to provide a smoother, more acceptable printing surface. Because the fall onto the screen and are held by gravity, they form a natural designs of stamps printed on chalky paper are imprinted on what is weave that will later hold the paper together. If the screen has metal often a water-soluble coating, any attempt to remove a cancellation bits that are formed into letters or images attached, it leaves slightly will destroy the stamp. Do not soak these stamps in any fluid. To thinned areas on the paper. These are called watermarks. remove a stamp printed on chalky paper from an envelope, wet the When the stuff is almost dry, it is passed under pressure through paper from underneath the stamp until the gum dissolves enough to smooth or engraved rollers - dandy rolls - or placed between cloth in release the stamp from the paper. See St. Kitts-Nevis Scott 89-90 for a press to be flattened and dried. examples of stamps printed on this type of chalky paper. Stamp paper falls broadly into two types: wove and laid. The India — Another name for this paper, originally introduced from nature of the surface of the frame onto which the pulp is first China about 1750, is “China Paper.” It is a thin, opaque paper often deposited causes the differences in appearance between the two. If used for plate and die proofs by many countries. the surface is smooth and even, the paper will be of fairly uniform Double — In philately, the term double paper has two distinct texture throughout. This is known as wove paper. Early papermak- meanings. The first is a two-ply paper, usually a combination of a ing machines poured the pulp onto a continuously circulating web thick and a thin sheet, joined during manufacture. This type was of felt, but modern machines feed the pulp onto a cloth-like screen used experimentally as a means to discourage the reuse of stamps. made of closely interwoven fine wires. This paper, when held to a The design is printed on the thin paper. Any attempt to remove light, will show little dots or points very close together. The proper a cancellation would destroy the design. U.S. Scott 158 and other name for this is “wire wove,” but the type is still considered wove. Banknote-era stamps exist on this form of double paper. Any U.S. or British stamp printed after 1880 will serve as an exam- The second type of double paper occurs on a rotary press, when ple of wire wove paper. the end of one paper roll, or web, is affixed to the next roll to save Closely spaced parallel wires, with cross wires at wider intervals, time feeding the paper through the press. Stamp designs are printed make up the frames used for what is known as laid paper. A greater over the joined paper and, if overlooked by inspectors, may get into thickness of the pulp will settle between the wires. The paper, when post office stocks. held to a light, will show alternate light and dark lines. The spac- Goldbeater’s Skin — This type of paper was used for the 1866 ing and the thickness of the lines may vary, but on any one sheet issue of Prussia, and was a tough, translucent paper. The design was of paper they are all alike. See Russia Scott 31-38 for examples of printed in reverse on the back of the stamp, and the gum applied laid paper. over the printing. It is impossible to remove stamps printed on this Batonne, from the French word meaning “a staff,” is a term used type of paper from the paper to which they are affixed without if the lines in the paper are spaced quite far apart, like the printed destroying the design. ruling on a writing tablet. Batonne paper may be either wove or laid. Ribbed — Ribbed paper has an uneven, corrugated surface made If laid, fine laid lines can be seen between the batons. by passing the paper through ridged rollers. This type exists on some Quadrille is the term used when the lines in the paper form little copies of U.S. Scott 156-165. squares. Oblong quadrille is the term used when rectangles, rather Various other substances, or substrates, have been used for stamp than squares, are formed. See Mexico-Guadalajara Scott 35-37 for manufacture, including wood, aluminum, copper, silver and gold examples of oblong quadrille paper. foil, plastic, and silk and cotton fabrics. Paper also is classified as thick or thin, hard or soft, and by color if dye is added during manufacture. Such colors may include yellowish, greenish, bluish and reddish. Brief explanations of other types of paper used for printing stamps, as well as examples, follow. Pelure — Pelure paper is a very thin, hard and often brittle paper that is sometimes bluish or grayish in appearance. See Serbia Scott 169-170. Native — This is a term applied to handmade papers used to produce some of the early stamps of the Indian states. Stamps printed on native paper may be expected to display various natural inclusions that are normal and do not negatively affect value. Japanese Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 22A INTRODUCTION

Wove Laid Granite The relationship of watermark to stamp design depends on the position of the printing plates or how paper is fed through the press. On machine-made paper, watermarks normally are read from right to left. The design is repeated closely throughout the sheet in a “multiple- watermark design.” In a “sheet watermark,” the design appears only once on the sheet, but extends over many stamps. Individual stamps may carry only a small fraction or none of the watermark. “Marginal watermarks” occur in the margins of sheets or panes of stamps. They occur on the outside border of paper (ostensibly outside the area where stamps are to be printed). A large row of letters may spell the name of the country or the manufacturer of the paper, or a border of lines may appear. Careless press feeding may cause parts of these letters and/or lines to show on stamps of the outer row of a pane. Soluble Printing Inks WARNING: Most stamp colors are permanent; that is, they are not Quadrille Oblong Laid seriously affected by short-term exposure to light or water. Many col- Quadrille Batonne ors, especially of modern inks, fade from excessive exposure to light. There are stamps printed with inks that dissolve easily in water or in fluids used to detect watermarks. Use of these inks was intentional Watermarks to prevent the removal of cancellations. Water affects all aniline inks, Watermarks are an integral part of some papers. They are formed those on so-called safety paper and some photogravure printings - all in the process of paper manufacture. Watermarks consist of small such inks are known as fugitive colors. Removal from paper of such designs, formed of wire or cut from metal and soldered to the surface stamps requires care and alternatives to traditional soaking. of the mold or, sometimes, on the dandy roll. The designs may be in the form of crowns, stars, anchors, letters or other characters or sym- Separation bols. These pieces of metal - known in the paper-making industry as “bits” - impress a design into the paper. The design sometimes may “Separation” is the general term used to describe methods used be seen by holding the stamp to the light. Some are more easily seen to separate stamps. The three standard forms currently in use are with a watermark detector. This important tool is a small black tray perforating, rouletting and die-cutting. These methods are done into which a stamp is placed face down and dampened with a fast- during the stamp production process, after printing. Sometimes evaporating watermark detection fluid that brings up the watermark these methods are done on-press or sometimes as a separate step. image in the form of dark lines against a lighter background. These The earliest issues, such as the 1840 Penny Black of Great Britain dark lines are the thinner areas of the paper known as the watermark. (Scott 1), did not have any means provided for separation. It was Some watermarks are extremely difficult to locate, due to either a expected the stamps would be cut apart with scissors or folded and faint impression, watermark location or the color of the stamp. There torn. These are examples of imperforate stamps. Many stamps were also are electric watermark detectors that come with plastic filter first issued in imperforate formats and were later issued with perfo- disks of various colors. The disks neutralize the color of the stamp, rations. Therefore, care must be observed in buying single imperfo- permitting the watermark to be seen more easily. rate stamps to be certain they were issued imperforate and are not perforated copies that have been altered by having the perforations trimmed away. Stamps issued imperforate usually are valued as singles. However, imperforate varieties of normally perforated stamps should be collected in pairs or larger pieces as indisputable evidence of their imperforate character.

PERFORATION The chief style of separation of stamps, and the one that is in almost universal use today, is perforating. By this process, paper Multiple watermarks of Crown Agents and Burma between the stamps is cut away in a line of holes, usually round, leaving little bridges of paper between the stamps to hold them together. Some types of perforation, such as hyphen-hole perfs, can be confused with roulettes, but a close visual inspection reveals that paper has been removed. The little perforation bridges, which project from the stamp when it is torn from the pane, are called the teeth of the perforation. As the size of the perforation is sometimes the only way to differentiate between two otherwise identical stamps, it is necessary to Watermarks of Uruguay, Vatican City and Jamaica be able to accurately measure and describe them. This is done with a perforation gauge, usually a ruler-like device that has dots or gradu- WARNING: Some inks used in the photogravure process ated lines to show how many perforations may be counted in the dissolve in watermark fluids (Please see the section on space of two centimeters. Two centimeters is the space universally Soluble Printing Inks). Also, see “chalky paper.” adopted in which to measure perforations. Watermarks may be found normal, reversed, inverted, reversed and inverted, sideways or diagonal, as seen from the back of the stamp.

10.2 1 10.3 ⁄4 10.4

140 1 10.5 ⁄2 10 10.6 10.7 3 10.8 ⁄4 10.9 130

11 11 ZERO-CENTER RULER perce en arc perce en lignes 11.2 1 ⁄4 11.4

120 1 ⁄2 11.6 3 11.8 ⁄4

110 12 12 12.2 1 ⁄4 12.4 1 perce en points oblique roulette ⁄2

100 12.6 3 12.8 ⁄4 13 13

90 13.2 1 ⁄4 13.4 1⁄ Perforation gauge

To measure a stamp, run it along the gauge until the dots on it fit perce en scie perce serpentin exactly into the perforations of the stamp. If you are using a gradu- ated-line perforation gauge, simply slide the stamp along the surface ROULETTING until the lines on the gauge perfectly project from the center of the In rouletting, the stamp paper is cut partly or wholly through, bridges or holes. The number to the side of the line of dots or lines with no paper removed. In perforating, some paper is removed. that fit the stamp’s perforation is the measurement. For example, an Rouletting derives its name from the French roulette, a spur-like “11” means that 11 perforations fit between two centimeters. The wheel. As the wheel is rolled over the paper, each point makes a description of the stamp therefore is “perf. 11.” If the gauge of the small cut. The number of cuts made in a two-centimeter space deter- perforations on the top and bottom of a stamp differs from that on mines the gauge of the roulette, just as the number of perforations in the sides, the result is what is known as compound perforations. In two centimeters determines the gauge of the perforation. measuring compound perforations, the gauge at top and bottom is The shape and arrangement of the teeth on the wheels varies. always given first, then the sides. Thus, a stamp that measures 11 at Various roulette types generally carry French names: top and bottom and 10 1/2 at the sides is “perf. 11 x 10 1/2.” See Perce en lignes - rouletted in lines. The paper receives short, U.S. Scott 632-642 for examples of compound perforations. straight cuts in lines. This is the most common type of rouletting. Stamps also are known with perforations different on three or all See Mexico Scott 500. four sides. Descriptions of such items are clockwise, beginning with Perce en points - pin-rouletted. This differs from a small perfora- the top of the stamp. tion because no paper is removed, although round, equidistant holes A perforation with small holes and teeth close together is a “fine are pricked through the paper. See Mexico Scott 242-256. perforation.” One with large holes and teeth far apart is a “coarse Perce en arc and perce en scie - pierced in an arc or saw-toothed perforation.” Holes that are jagged, rather than clean-cut, are “rough designs, forming half circles or small triangles. See Hanover (German perforations.” Blind perforations are the slight impressions left by States) Scott 25-29. the perforating pins if they fail to puncture the paper. Multiples of Perce en serpentin - serpentine roulettes. The cuts form a serpen- stamps showing blind perforations may command a slight premium tine or wavy line. See Brunswick (German States) Scott 13-18. over normally perforated stamps. Once again, no paper is removed by these processes, leaving the stamps easily separated, but closely attached.

DIE-CUTTING The third major form of stamp separation is die-cutting. This is a method where a die in the pattern of separation is created that later cuts the stamp paper in a stroke motion. Although some standard stamps bear die-cut perforations, this process is primarily used for self-adhesive postage stamps. Die-cutting can appear in straight lines, such as U.S. Scott 2522, shapes, such as U.S. Scott 1551, or imitating the appearance of perforations, such as New Zealand Scott The term syncopated perfs describes intentional irregularities in 935A and 935B. the perforations. The earliest form was used by the Netherlands from 1925-33, where holes were omitted to create distinctive patterns. Beginning in 1992, Great Britain has used an oval perforation to help Printing Processes prevent counterfeiting. Several other countries have started using ENGRAVING (Intaglio, Line-engraving, Etching) the oval perfs or other syncopated perf patterns. Master die — The initial operation in the process of line engrav- A new type of perforation, still primarily used for postal stationery, ing is making the master die. The die is a small, flat block of softened is known as microperfs. Microperfs are tiny perforations (in some steel upon which the stamp design is recess engraved in reverse. cases hundreds of holes per two centimeters) that allows items to be intentionally separated very easily, while not accidentally breaking apart as easily as standard perforations. These are not currently measured or differentiated by size, as are standard perforations.

Master die the plate in advance. After the correct position of the relief is determined, the design is rocked in by following the same method used in making the transfer roll. The difference is that this time the image is being transferred from the transfer roll, rather than to it. Once the design is entered on the plate, it appears in reverse and is recessed. There are as many transfers entered on the plate as there are subjects printed on the sheet of stamps. It is during this process that double and shifted transfers occur, as well as re-entries. These are the result of improperly entered images that have not been properly burnished out prior to rocking in a new image. Modern siderography processes, such as those used by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing, involve an automated form of rocking designs in on preformed cylindrical printing sleeves. The same process also allows for easier removal and re-entry of worn images right on the sleeve. Photographic reduction of the original art is made to the appropriate size. It then serves as a tracing guide for the initial outline of the design. The engraver lightly traces the design on the steel with his graver, then slowly works the design until it is completed. At various points during the engraving process, the engraver hand-inks the die and makes an impression to check his progress. These are known as progressive die proofs. After completion of the engraving, the die is hardened to withstand the stress and pressures of later transfer operations.

Transferring the design to the plate

Following the entering of the required transfers on the plate, the position dots, layout dots and lines, scratches and other markings Transfer roll generally are burnished out. Added at this time by the siderographer are any required guide lines, plate numbers or other marginal mark- Transfer roll — Next is production of the transfer roll that, as the ings. The plate is then hand-inked and a proof impression is taken. name implies, is the medium used to transfer the subject from the This is known as a plate proof. If the impression is approved, the master die to the printing plate. A blank roll of soft steel, mounted plate is machined for fitting onto the press, is hardened and sent to on a mandrel, is placed under the bearers of the transfer press to the plate vault ready for use. allow it to roll freely on its axis. The hardened die is placed on the On press, the plate is inked and the surface is automatically wiped bed of the press and the face of the transfer roll is applied to the die, clean, leaving ink only in the recessed lines. Paper is then forced under pressure. The bed or the roll is then rocked back and forth under pressure into the engraved recessed lines, thereby receiv- under increasing pressure, until the soft steel of the roll is forced ing the ink. Thus, the ink lines on engraved stamps are slightly into every engraved line of the die. The resulting impression on the raised, and slight depressions (debossing) occur on the back of the roll is known as a “relief” or a “relief transfer.” The engraved image stamp. Prior to the advent of modern high-speed presses and more is now positive in appearance and stands out from the steel. After advanced ink formulations, paper had to be dampened before receiv- the required number of reliefs are “rocked in,” the soft steel transfer ing the ink. This sometimes led to uneven shrinkage by the time the roll is hardened. stamps were perforated, resulting in improperly perforated stamps, Different flaws may occur during the relief process. A defective or misperfs. Newer presses use drier paper, thus both wet and dry relief may occur during the rocking in process because of a minute printings exist on some stamps. piece of foreign material lodging on the die, or some other cause. Imperfections in the steel of the transfer roll may result in a break- Rotary Press — Until 1914, only flat plates were used to print ing away of parts of the design. This is known as a relief break, engraved stamps. Rotary press printing was introduced in 1914, and which will show up on finished stamps as small, unprinted areas. If slowly spread. Some countries still use flat-plate printing. a damaged relief remains in use, it will transfer a repeating defect to After approval of the plate proof, older rotary press plates require the plate. Deliberate alterations of reliefs sometimes occur. “Altered additional machining. They are curved to fit the press cylinder. reliefs” designate these changed conditions. “Gripper slots” are cut into the back of each plate to receive the “grippers,” which hold the plate securely on the press. The plate is Plate — The final step in pre-printing production is the making then hardened. Stamps printed from these bent rotary press plates of the printing plate. A flat piece of soft steel replaces the die on the are longer or wider than the same stamps printed from flat-plate bed of the transfer press. One of the reliefs on the transfer roll is presses. The stretching of the plate during the curving process is positioned over this soft steel. Position, or layout, dots determine the what causes this distortion. correct position on the plate. The dots have been lightly marked on

Re-entry — To execute a re-entry on a flat plate, the transfer roll is this catalogue refer to typographed stamps. The current term for this re-applied to the plate, often at some time after its first use on the form of printing, however, is “letterpress.” press. Worn-out designs can be resharpened by carefully burnishing As it relates to the production of postage stamps, letterpress print- out the original image and re-entering it from the transfer roll. If the ing is the reverse of engraving. Rather than having recessed areas trap original impression has not been sufficiently removed and the trans- the ink and deposit it on paper, only the raised areas of the design fer roll is not precisely in line with the remaining impression, the are inked. This is comparable to the type of printing seen by inking resulting double transfer will make the re-entry obvious. If the regis- and using an ordinary rubber stamp. Letterpress includes all printing tration is true, a re-entry may be difficult or impossible to distinguish. where the design is above the surface area, whether it is wood, metal Sometimes a stamp printed from a successful re-entry is identified by or, in some instances, hardened rubber or polymer plastic. having a much sharper and clearer impression than its neighbors. For most letterpress-printed stamps, the engraved master is made With the advent of rotary presses, post-press re-entries were not pos- in much the same manner as for engraved stamps. In this instance, sible. After a plate was curved for the rotary press, it was impossible however, an additional step is needed. The design is transferred to to make a re-entry. This is because the plate had already been bent another surface before being transferred to the transfer roll. In this once (with the design distorted). way, the transfer roll has a recessed stamp design, rather than one However, with the introduction of the previously mentioned done in relief. This makes the printing areas on the final plate raised, modern-style siderography machines, entries are made to the pre- or relief areas. formed cylindrical printing sleeve. Such sleeves are dechromed and For less-detailed stamps of the 19th century, the area on the die softened. This allows individual images to be burnished out and re- not used as a printing surface was cut away, leaving the surface area entered on the curved sleeve. The sleeve is then rechromed, result- raised. The original die was then reproduced by stereotyping or elec- ing in longer press life. trotyping. The resulting electrotypes were assembled in the required number and format of the desired sheet of stamps. The plate used Double Transfer — This is a description of the condition of a in printing the stamps was an electroplate of these assembled elec- transfer on a plate that shows evidence of a duplication of all, or a trotypes. portion of the design. It usually is the result of the changing of the Once the final letterpress plates are created, ink is applied to the registration between the transfer roll and the plate during the rock- raised surface and the pressure of the press transfers the ink impres- ing in of the original entry. Double transfers also occur when only sion to the paper. In contrast to engraving, the fine lines of letter- a portion of the design has been rocked in and improper position- press are impressed on the surface of the stamp, leaving a debossed ing is noted. If the worker elected not to burnish out the partial or surface. When viewed from the back (as on a typewritten page), completed design, a strong double transfer will occur for part or all the corresponding line work on the stamp will be raised slightly of the design. (embossed) above the surface. It sometimes is necessary to remove the original transfer from a plate and repeat the process a second time. If the finished re-worked PHOTOGRAVURE (Gravure, Rotogravure, Heliogravure) image shows traces of the original impression, attributable to incom- In this process, the basic principles of photography are applied to plete burnishing, the result is a partial double transfer. a chemically sensitized metal plate, rather than photographic paper. With the modern automatic machines mentioned previously, The design is transferred photographically to the plate through a double transfers are all but impossible to create. Those partially halftone, or dot-matrix screen, breaking the reproduction into tiny doubled images on stamps printed from such sleeves are more than dots. The plate is treated chemically and the dots form depressions, likely re-entries, rather than true double transfers. called cells, of varying depths and diameters, depending on the degrees of shade in the design. Then, like engraving, ink is applied Re-engraved — Alterations to a stamp design are sometimes neces- to the plate and the surface is wiped clean. This leaves ink in the tiny sary after some stamps have been printed. In some cases, either the cells that is lifted out and deposited on the paper when it is pressed original die or the actual printing plate may have its “temper” drawn against the plate. (softened), and the design will be re-cut. The resulting impressions Gravure is most often used for multicolored stamps, generally from such a re-engraved die or plate may differ slightly from the using the three primary colors (red, yellow and blue) and black. By original issue, and are known as “re-engraved.” If the alteration was varying the dot matrix pattern and density of these colors, virtually made to the master die, all future printings will be consistently differ- any color can be reproduced. A typical full-color gravure stamp will ent from the original. If alterations were made to the printing plate, be created from four printing cylinders (one for each color). The each altered stamp on the plate will be slightly different from each original multicolored image will have been photographically sepa- other, allowing specialists to reconstruct a complete printing plate. rated into its component colors. Modern gravure printing may use computer-generated dot-matrix Dropped Transfers — If an impression from the transfer roll has screens, and modern plates may be of various types including not been properly placed, a dropped transfer may occur. The final metal-coated plastic. The catalogue designation of Photogravure stamp image will appear obviously out of line with its neighbors. (or “Photo”) covers any of these older and more modern gravure methods of printing. Short Transfer — Sometimes a transfer roll is not rocked its entire For examples of the first photogravure stamps printed (1914), see length when entering a transfer onto a plate. As a result, the finished Bavaria Scott 94-114. transfer on the plate fails to show the complete design, and the finished stamp will have an incomplete design printed. This is known LITHOGRAPHY (Offset Lithography, Stone Lithography, as a “short transfer.” U.S. Scott No. 8 is a good example of a short Dilitho, Planography, Collotype) transfer. The principle that oil and water do not mix is the basis for lithography. The stamp design is drawn by hand or transferred from TYPOGRAPHY (Letterpress, Surface Printing, engraving to the surface of a lithographic stone or metal plate in a Flexography, Dry Offset, High Etch) greasy (oily) substance. This oily substance holds the ink, which will Although the word “Typography” is obsolete as a term describing later be transferred to the paper. The stone (or plate) is wet with an a printing method, it was the accepted term throughout the first acid fluid, causing it to repel the printing ink in all areas not covered century of postage stamps. Therefore, appropriate Scott listings in by the greasy substance.

Transfer paper is used to transfer the design from the original INK COLORS stone or plate. A series of duplicate transfers are grouped and, in Inks or colored papers used in stamp printing often are of mineral turn, transferred to the final printing plate. origin, although there are numerous examples of organic-based pigments. As a general rule, organic-based pigments are far more sub- Photolithography — The application of photographic processes ject to varieties and change than those of mineral-based origin. to lithography. This process allows greater flexibility of design, The appearance of any given color on a stamp may be affected related to use of halftone screens combined with line work. Unlike by many aspects, including printing variations, light, color of paper, photogravure or engraving, this process can allow large, solid areas aging and chemical alterations. to be printed. Numerous printing variations may be observed. Heavier pressure or inking will cause a more intense color, while slight interruptions Offset — A refinement of the lithographic process. A rubber-cov- in the ink feed or lighter impressions will cause a lighter appearance. ered blanket cylinder takes the impression from the inked lithograph- Stamps printed in the same color by water-based and solvent-based ic plate. From the “blanket” the impression is offset or transferred to inks can differ significantly in appearance. This affects several stamps the paper. Greater flexibility and speed are the principal reasons offset in the U.S. Prominent Americans series. Hand-mixed ink formulas printing has largely displaced lithography. The term “lithography” (primarily from the 19th century) produced under different condi- covers both processes, and results are almost identical. tions (humidity and temperature) account for notable color variations in early printings of the same stamp (see U.S. Scott 248-250, EMBOSSED (Relief) Printing 279B, for example). Different sources of pigment can also result in Embossing, not considered one of the four main printing types, is significant differences in color. a method in which the design first is sunk into the metal of the die. Light exposure and aging are closely related in the way they affect Printing is done against a yielding platen, such as leather or linoleum. stamp color. Both eventually break down the ink and fade colors, so The platen is forced into the depression of the die, thus forming the that a carefully kept stamp may differ significantly in color from an design on the paper in relief. This process is often used for metallic identical copy that has been exposed to light. If stamps are exposed inks. to light either intentionally or accidentally, their colors can be faded Embossing may be done without color (see Sardinia Scott 4-6); or completely changed in some cases. with color printed around the embossed area (see Great Britain Scott Papers of different quality and consistency used for the same 5 and most U.S. envelopes); and with color in exact registration with stamp printing may affect color appearance. Most pelure papers, for the embossed subject (see Canada Scott 656-657). example, show a richer color when compared with wove or laid papers. See Russia Scott 181a, for an example of this effect. HOLOGRAMS The very nature of the printing processes can cause a variety of For objects to appear as holograms on stamps, a model exactly the differences in shades or hues of the same stamp. Some of these same size as it is to appear on the hologram must be created. Rather shades are scarcer than others, and are of particular interest to the than using photographic film to capture the image, holography advanced collector. records an image on a photoresist material. In processing, chemicals eat away at certain exposed areas, leaving a pattern of constructive and destructive interference. When the phororesist is developed, the Luminescence result is a pattern of uneven ridges that acts as a mold. This mold is All forms of tagged stamps fall under the general category of lumi- then coated with metal, and the resulting form is used to press cop- nescence. Within this broad category is fluorescence, dealing with ies in much the same way phonograph records are produced. forms of tagging visible under longwave ultraviolet light, and phos- A typical reflective hologram used for stamps consists of a repro- phorescence, which deals with tagging visible only under shortwave duction of the uneven patterns on a plastic film that is applied to a light. Phosphorescence leaves an afterglow and fluorescence does reflective background, usually a silver or gold foil. Light is reflected not. These treated stamps show up in a range of different colors off the background through the film, making the pattern present when exposed to UV light. The differing wavelengths of the light on the film visible. Because of the uneven pattern of the film, the activates the tagging material, making it glow in various colors that viewer will perceive the objects in their proper three-dimensional usually serve different mail processing purposes. relationships with appropriate brightness. Intentional tagging is a post-World War II phenomenon, brought The first hologram on a stamp was produced by Austria in 1988 about by the increased literacy rate and rapidly growing mail vol- (Scott 1441). ume. It was one of several answers to the problem of the need for more automated mail processes. Early tagged stamps served the FOIL APPLICATION purpose of triggering machines to separate different types of mail. A A modern tecnique of applying color to stamps involves the appli- natural outgrowth was to also use the signal to trigger machines that cation of metallic foil to the stamp paper. A pattern of foil is applied faced all envelopes the same way and canceled them. to the stamp paper by use of a stamping die. The foil usually is flat, Tagged stamps come in many different forms. Some tagged stamps but it may be textured. Canada Scott 1735 has three different foil have luminescent shapes or images imprinted on them as a form of applications in pearl, bronze and gold. The gold foil was textured security device. Others have blocks (United States), stripes, frames using a chemical-etch copper embossing die. The printing of this (South Africa and Canada), overall coatings (United States), bars stamp also involved two-color offset lithography plus embossing. (Great Britain and Canada) and many other types. Some types of tagging are even mixed in with the pigmented printing ink (Australia COMBINATION PRINTINGS Scott 366, Netherlands Scott 478 and U.S. Scott 1359 and 2443). Sometimes two or even three printing methods are combined in The means of applying taggant to stamps differs as much as the producing stamps. In these cases, such as Austria Scott 933 or Canada intended purposes for the stamps. The most common form of tagging 1735 (described in the preceding paragraph), the multiple-printing is a coating applied to the surface of the printed stamp. Since the technique can be determined by studying the individual character- taggant ink is frequently invisible except under UV light, it does not istics of each printing type. A few stamps, such as Singapore Scott interfere with the appearance of the stamp. Another common appli- 684-684A, combine as many as three of the four major printing types cation is the use of phosphored papers. In this case the paper itself (lithography, engraving and typography). When this is done it often either has a coating of taggant applied before the stamp is printed, has indicates the incorporation of security devices against counterfeiting. taggant applied during the papermaking process (incorporating it into Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 27A

the fibers), or has the taggant mixed into the coating of the paper. The latter method, among others, is currently in use in the United Reprints and Reissues States. These are impressions of stamps (usually obsolete) made from the Many countries now use tagging in various forms to either expe- original plates or stones. If they are valid for postage and reproduce dite mail handling or to serve as a printing security device against obsolete issues (such as U.S. Scott 102-111), the stamps are reis- counterfeiting. Following the introduction of tagged stamps for sues. If they are from current issues, they are designated as second, public use in 1959 by Great Britain, other countries have steadily third, etc., printing. If designated for a particular purpose, they are joined the parade. Among those are Germany (1961); Canada and called special printings. Denmark (1962); United States, Australia, France and Switzerland When special printings are not valid for postage, but are made (1963); Belgium and Japan (1966); Sweden and Norway (1967); from original dies and plates by authorized persons, they are official Italy (1968); and Russia (1969). Since then, many other coun- reprints. Private reprints are made from the original plates and dies tries have begun using forms of tagging, including Brazil, China, by private hands. An example of a private reprint is that of the 1871- Czechoslovakia, Hong Kong, Guatemala, Indonesia, Israel, Lithuania, 1932 reprints made from the original die of the 1845 New Haven, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Penrhyn Islands, Portugal, St. Vincent, Conn., postmaster’s provisional. Official reproductions or imitations Singapore, South Africa, Spain and Sweden to name a few. are made from new dies and plates by government authorization. In some cases, including United States, Canada, Great Britain and Scott will list those reissues that are valid for postage if they differ Switzerland, stamps were released both with and without tagging. significantly from the original printing. Many of these were released during each country’s experimental The U.S. government made special printings of its first postage period. Tagged and untagged versions are listed for the aforemen- stamps in 1875. Produced were official imitations of the first two tioned countries and are noted in some other countries’ listings. For stamps (listed as Scott 3-4), reprints of the demonetized pre-1861 at least a few stamps, the experimentally tagged version is worth far issues (Scott 40-47) and reissues of the 1861 stamps, the 1869 more than its untagged counterpart, such as the 1963 experimental stamps and the then-current 1875 denominations. Even though the tagged version of France Scott 1024. official imitations and the reprints were not valid for postage, Scott In some cases, luminescent varieties of stamps were inadvertently lists all of these U.S. special printings. created. Several Russian stamps, for example, sport highly fluores- Most reprints or reissues differ slightly from the original stamp in cent ink that was not intended as a form of tagging. Older stamps, some characteristic, such as gum, paper, perforation, color or water- such as early U.S. postage dues, can be positively identified by the mark. Sometimes the details are followed so meticulously that only a use of UV light, since the organic ink used has become slightly student of that specific stamp is able to distinguish the reprint or reissue fluorescent over time. Other stamps, such as Austria Scott 70a-82a from the original. (varnish bars) and Obock Scott 46-64 (printed quadrille lines), have become fluorescent over time. Various fluorescent substances have been added to paper to make Remainders and Canceled to Order it appear brighter. These optical brightners, as they are known, great- Some countries sell their stock of old stamps when a new issue ly affect the appearance of the stamp under UV light. The brightest replaces them. To avoid postal use, the remainders usually are of these is known as Hi-Brite paper. These paper varieties are beyond canceled with a punch hole, a heavy line or bar, or a more-or-less the scope of the Scott Catalogue. regular-looking cancellation. The most famous merchant of remain- Shortwave UV light also is used extensively in expertizing, since ders was Nicholas F. Seebeck. In the 1880s and 1890s, he arranged each form of paper has its own fluorescent characteristics that are printing contracts between the Hamilton Bank Note Co., of which impossible to perfectly match. It is therefore a simple matter to he was a director, and several Central and South American coun- detect filled thins, added perforation teeth and other alterations tries. The contracts provided that the plates and all remainders of that involve the addition of paper. UV light also is used to examine the yearly issues became the property of Hamilton. Seebeck saw to stamps that have had cancels chemically removed and for other it that ample stock remained. The “Seebecks,” both remainders and purposes as well. reprints, were standard packet fillers for decades. Some countries also issue stamps canceled-to-order (CTO), either in sheets with original gum or stuck onto pieces of paper or Gum envelopes and canceled. Such CTO items generally are worth less The Illustrated Gum Chart in the first part of this introduction shows than postally used stamps. In cases where the CTO material is far and defines various types of gum condition. Because gum condition more prevalent in the marketplace than postally used examples, the has an important impact on the value of unused stamps, we recom- catalogue value relates to the CTO examples, with postally used mend studying this chart and the accompanying text carefully. examples noted as premium items. Most CTOs can be detected by The gum on the back of a stamp may be shiny, dull, smooth, rough, the presence of gum. However, as the CTO practice goes back at dark, white, colored or tinted. Most stamp gumming adhesives use least to 1885, the gum inevitably has been soaked off some stamps gum arabic or dextrine as a base. Certain polymers such as polyvinyl so they could pass as postally used. The normally applied postmarks alcohol (PVA) have been used extensively since World War II. usually differ slightly from standard postmarks, and specialists are The Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue does not list items able to tell the difference. When applied individually to envelopes by types of gum. The Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States by philatelically minded persons, CTO material is known as favor Stamps does differentiate among some types of gum for certain issues. canceled and generally sells at large discounts. Reprints of stamps may have gum differing from the original issues. In addition, some countries have used different gum formulas for different seasons. These adhesives have different properties that Cinderellas and Facsimiles may become more apparent over time. Cinderella is a catch-all term used by stamp collectors to describe Many stamps have been issued without gum, and the catalogue phantoms, fantasies, bogus items, municipal issues, exhibition seals, will note this fact. See, for example, United States Scott 40-47. local revenues, transportation stamps, labels, poster stamps and Sometimes, gum may have been removed to preserve the stamp. many other types of items. Some cinderella collectors include in Germany Scott B68, for example, has a highly acidic gum that even- their collections local postage issues, telegraph stamps, essays and tually destroys the stamps. This item is valued in the catalogue with proofs, forgeries and counterfeits. gum removed. A fantasy is an adhesive created for a nonexistent stamp-issuing Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 28A INTRODUCTION

authority. Fantasy items range from imaginary countries (Occusi- cialists. The first postal counterfeit was of Spain’s 4-cuarto carmine Ambeno, Kingdom of Sedang, Principality of Trinidad or Torres of 1854 (the real one is Scott 25). Apparently, the counterfeiters Straits), to non-existent locals (Winans City Post), or nonexistent were not satisfied with their first version, which is now very scarce, transportation lines (McRobish & Co.’s Acapulco-San Francisco and they soon created an engraved counterfeit, which is common. Line). Postal counterfeits quickly followed in Austria, Naples, Sardinia and On the other hand, if the entity exists and could have issued the Roman States. They have since been created in many other stamps (but did not) or was known to have issued other stamps, countries as well, including the United States. the items are considered bogus stamps. These would include the An infamous counterfeit to defraud the government is the 1-shil- Mormon postage stamps of Utah, S. Allan Taylor’s Guatemala and ling Great Britain “Stock Exchange” forgery of 1872, used on tele- Paraguay inventions, the propaganda issues for the South Moluccas graph forms at the exchange that year. The stamp escaped detection and the adhesives of the Page & Keyes local post of Boston. until a stamp dealer noticed it in 1898. Phantoms is another term for both fantasy and bogus issues. Facsimiles are copies or imitations made to represent original stamps, but which do not pretend to be originals. A catalogue illus- Fakes tration is such a facsimile. Illustrations from the Moens catalogue of Fakes are genuine stamps altered in some way to make them more the last century were occasionally colored and passed off as stamps. desirable. One student of this part of stamp collecting has estimated Since the beginning of stamp collecting, facsimiles have been made that by the 1950s more than 30,000 varieties of fakes were known. for collectors as space fillers or for reference. They often carry the That number has grown greatly since then. The widespread existence word “facsimile,” “falsch” (German), “sanko” or “mozo” (Japanese), of fakes makes it important for stamp collectors to study their phila- or “faux” (French) overprinted on the face or stamped on the back. telic holdings and use relevant literature. Likewise, collectors should Unfortunately, over the years a number of these items have had fake buy from reputable dealers who guarantee their stamps and make cancels applied over the facsimile notation and have been passed off full and prompt refunds should a purchased item be declared faked as genuine. or altered by some mutually agreed-upon authority. Because fakes always have some genuine characteristics, it is not always possible to obtain unanimous agreement among experts regarding specific items. Forgeries and Counterfeits These students may change their opinions as philatelic knowledge Forgeries and counterfeits have been with philately virtually from increases. More than 80 percent of all fakes on the philatelic market the beginning of stamp production. Over time, the terminology for today are regummed, reperforated (or perforated for the first time), the two has been used interchangeably. Although both forgeries and or bear forged overprints, surcharges or cancellations. counterfeits are reproductions of stamps, the purposes behind their Stamps can be chemically treated to alter or eliminate colors. For creation differ considerably. example, a pale rose stamp can be re-colored to resemble a blue Among specialists there is an increasing movement to more spe- shade of high market value. In other cases, treated stamps can be cifically define such items. Although there is no universally accepted made to resemble missing color varieties. Designs may be changed terminology, we feel the following definitions most closely mirror by painting, or a stroke or a dot added or bleached out to turn an the items and their purposes as they are currently defined. ordinary variety into a seemingly scarcer stamp. Part of a stamp Forgeries (also often referred to as Counterfeits) are reproductions can be bleached and reprinted in a different version, achieving an of genuine stamps that have been created to defraud collectors. Such inverted center or frame. Margins can be added or repairs done spurious items first appeared on the market around 1860, and most so deceptively that the stamps move from the “repaired” into the old-time collections contain one or more. Many are crude and easily “fake” category. spotted, but some can deceive experts. Fakers have not left the backs of the stamps untouched either. An important supplier of these early philatelic forgeries was the They may create false watermarks, add fake grills or press out genu- Hamburg printer Gebruder Spiro. Many others with reputations in ine grills. A thin India paper proof may be glued onto a thicker back- this craft included S. Allan Taylor, George Hussey, James Chute, ing to create the appearance an issued stamp, or a proof printed on George Forune, Benjamin & Sarpy, Julius Goldner, E. Oneglia and cardboard may be shaved down and perforated to resemble a stamp. L.H. Mercier. Among the noted 20th-century forgers were Francois Silk threads are impressed into paper and stamps have been split so Fournier, Jean Sperati and the prolific Raoul DeThuin. that a rare paper variety is added to an otherwise inexpensive stamp. Forgeries may be complete replications, or they may be genuine The most common treatment to the back of a stamp, however, is stamps altered to resemble a scarcer (and more valuable) type. Most regumming. forgeries, particularly those of rare stamps, are worth only a small Some in the business of faking stamps have openly advertised fool- fraction of the value of a genuine example, but a few types, created proof application of “original gum” to stamps that lack it, although by some of the most notable forgers, such as Sperati, can be worth as most publications now ban such ads from their pages. It is believed much or more than the genuine. Fraudulently produced copies are that very few early stamps have survived without being hinged. known of most classic rarities and many medium-priced stamps. The large number of never-hinged examples of such earlier material In addition to rare stamps, large numbers of common 19th- and offered for sale thus suggests the widespread extent of regumming early 20th-century stamps were forged to supply stamps to the early activity. Regumming also may be used to hide repairs or thin spots. packet trade. Many can still be easily found. Few new philatelic Dipping the stamp into watermark fluid, or examining it under long- forgeries have appeared in recent decades. Successful imitation of wave ultraviolet light often will reveal these flaws. well-engraved work is virtually impossible. It has proven far easier Fakers also tamper with separations. Ingenious ways to add mar- to produce a fake by altering a genuine stamp than to duplicate a gins are known. Perforated wide-margin stamps may be falsely rep- stamp completely. resented as imperforate when trimmed. Reperforating is commonly Counterfeit (also often referred to as Postal Counterfeit or Postal done to create scarce coil or perforation varieties, and to eliminate Forgery) is the term generally applied to reproductions of stamps the naturally occurring straight-edge stamps found in sheet margin that have been created to defraud the government of revenue. Such positions of many earlier issues. Custom has made straight-edged items usually are created at the time a stamp is current and, in some stamps less desirable. Fakers have obliged by perforating straight- cases, are hard to detect. Because most counterfeits are seized when edged stamps so that many are now uncommon, if not rare. the perpetrator is captured, postal counterfeits, particularly used on Another fertile field for the faker is that of overprints, surcharges cover, are usually worth much more than a genuine example to spe- and cancellations. The forging of rare surcharges or overprints Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 29A

began in the 1880s or 1890s. These forgeries are sometimes dif- in this introduction. Most stamp collectors desire to have the fin- ficult to detect, but experts have identified almost all. Occasionally, est copy of an item possible. Even within given grading categories overprints or cancellations are removed to create non-overprinted there are variances. This leads to a controversial practice that is not stamps or seemingly unused items. This is most commonly done by defined in any universal manner: stamp restoration. removing a manuscript cancel to make a stamp resemble an unused There are broad differences of opinion about what is permissible example. “SPECIMEN” overprints may be removed by scraping and when it comes to restoration. Carefully applying a soft eraser to a repainting to create non-overprinted varieties. Fakers use inexpen- stamp or cover to remove light soiling is one form of restoration, sive revenues or pen-canceled stamps to generate unused stamps as is washing a stamp in mild soap and water to clean it. These are for further faking by adding other markings. The quartz lamp or fairly accepted forms of restoration. More severe forms of restora- UV lamp and a high-powered magnifying glass help to easily detect tion include pressing out creases or removing stains caused by tape. removed cancellations. To what degree each of these is acceptable is dependent upon the The bigger problem, however, is the addition of overprints, sur- individual situation. Further along the spectrum is the freshening charges or cancellations - many with such precision that they are of a stamp’s color by removing oxide build-up or the effects of wax very difficult to ascertain. Plating of the stamps or the overprint can paper left next to stamps shipped to the tropics. be an important method of detection. At some point in this spectrum the concept of repair replaces that Fake postmarks may range from many spurious fancy cancella- of restoration. Repairs include filling thin spots, mending tears by tions to a host of markings applied to transatlantic covers, to add- reweaving or adding a missing perforation tooth. Regumming stamps ing normally appearing postmarks to definitives of some countries may have been acceptable as a restoration or repair technique many with stamps that are valued far higher used than unused. With the decades ago, but today it is considered a form of fakery. increased popularity of cover collecting, and the widespread inter- Restored stamps may or may not sell at a discount, and it is pos- est in postal history, a fertile new field for fakers has come about. sible that the value of individual restored items may be enhanced Some have tried to create entire covers. Others specialize in adding over that of their pre-restoration state. Specific situations dictate the stamps, tied by fake cancellations, to genuine stampless covers, or resultant value of such an item. Repaired stamps sell at substantial replacing less expensive or damaged stamps with more valuable discounts from the value of sound stamps. ones. Detailed study of postal rates in effect at the time a cover in question was mailed, including the analysis of each handstamp used during the period, ink analysis and similar techniques, usually will unmask the fraud. Restoration and Repairs Scott Publishing Co. bases its catalogue values on stamps that are free of defects and otherwise meet the standards set forth earlier

Terminology Booklets — Many countries have issued stamps in small booklets calling attention to a cause or celebration, the marking is known as for the convenience of users. This idea continues to become increas- a “slogan cancellation.” Many other types and styles of cancellations ingly popular in many countries. Booklets have been issued in many exist, such as duplex, numerals, targets, fancy and others. See also sizes and forms, often with advertising on the covers, the panes of “precancels,” below. stamps or on the interleaving. The panes used in booklets may be printed from special plates Coil Stamps — These are stamps that are issued in rolls for use in or made from regular sheets. All panes from booklets issued by dispensers, affixing and vending machines. Those coils of the United the United States and many from those of other countries contain States, Canada, Sweden and some other countries are perforated stamps that are straight edged on the sides, but perforated between. horizontally or vertically only, with the outer edges imperforate. Coil Others are distinguished by orientation of watermark or other iden- stamps of some countries, such as Great Britain and Germany, are tifying features. Any stamp-like unit in the pane, either printed or perforated on all four sides and may in some cases be distinguished blank, that is not a postage stamp, is considered to be a label in the from their sheet stamp counterparts by watermarks, counting num- catalogue listings. bers on the reverse or other means. Scott lists and values booklet panes. Modern complete booklets also are listed and valued. Individual booklet panes are listed only Covers — Entire envelopes, with or without adhesive postage when they are not fashioned from existing sheet stamps and, there- stamps, that have passed through the mail and bear postal or other fore, are identifiable from their sheet stamp counterparts. markings of philatelic interest are known as covers. Before the intro- Panes usually do not have a used value assigned to them because duction of envelopes in about 1840, people folded letters and wrote there is little market activity for used booklet panes, even though the address on the outside. Some people covered their letters with many exist used and there is some demand for them. an extra sheet of paper on the outside for the address, producing the term “cover.” Used airletter sheets, stamped envelopes and other Cancellations — The marks or obliterations put on stamps by items of postal stationery also are considered covers. postal authorities to show that they have performed service and to prevent their reuse are known as cancellations. If the marking is Errors — Stamps that have some major, consistent, unintentional made with a pen, it is considered a “pen cancel.” When the location deviation from the normal are considered errors. Errors include, but of the post office appears in the marking, it is a “town cancellation.” are not limited to, missing or wrong colors, wrong paper, wrong A “postmark” is technically any postal marking, but in practice the watermarks, inverted centers or frames on multicolor printing, term generally is applied to a town cancellation with a date. When inverted or missing surcharges or overprints, double impressions, Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 30A INTRODUCTION

missing perforations and others. Factually wrong or misspelled infor- a “lifesaver.” Precancellations of other countries usually follow mation, if it appears on all examples of a stamp, are not considered these patterns, but may be any arrangement of bars, boxes and errors in the true sense of the word. They are errors of design. city names. Inconsistent or randomly appearing items, such as misperfs or color Precancels are listed in the Scott catalogues only if the precancel shifts, are classified as freaks. changes the denomination (Belgium Scott 477-478); if the precanceled stamp is different from the non-precanceled version (such as Color-Omitted Errors — This term refers to stamps where a untagged U.S. precancels); or if the stamp exists only precanceled missing color is caused by the complete failure of the printing plate (France Scott 1096-1099, U.S. Scott 2265). to deliver ink to the stamp paper or any other paper. Generally, this is caused by the printing plate not being engaged on the press or the Proofs and Essays — Proofs are impressions taken from an ink station running dry of ink during printing. approved die, plate or stone in which the design and color are the same as the stamp issued to the public. Trial color proofs are impres- Color-Missing Errors — This term refers to stamps where a sions taken from approved dies, plates or stones in colors that vary color or colors were printed somewhere but do not appear on the from the final version. An essay is the impression of a design that finished stamp. There are four different classes of color-missing differs in some way from the issued stamp. “Progressive die proofs” errors, and the catalog indicates with a two-letter code appended to generally are considered to be essays. each such listing what caused the color to be missing. These codes are used only for the United States’ color-missing error listings. Provisionals — These are stamps that are issued on short notice FO = A foldover of the stamp sheet during printing may block and intended for temporary use pending the arrival of regular issues. ink from appearing on a stamp. Instead, the color will appear on They usually are issued to meet such contingencies as changes in the back of the foldover (where it might fall on the back of the government or currency, shortage of necessary postage values or selvage or perhaps on the back of another stamp.) military occupation. During the 1840s, postmasters in certain American cities issued EP = A piece of extraneous paper falling across the plate or stamps that were valid only at specific post offices. In 1861, postmas- stamp paper will receive the printed ink. When the extraneous ters of the Confederate States also issued stamps with limited validity. paper is removed, an unprinted portion of stamp paper remains Both of these examples are known as “postmaster’s provisionals.” and shows partially or totally missing colors. Se-tenant — This term refers to an unsevered pair, strip or block of CM = A misregistration of the printing plates during printing stamps that differ in design, denomination or overprint. will result in a color misregistration, and such a misregistraion Unless the se-tenant item has a continuous design (see U.S. Scott may result in a color not appearing on the finished stamp. 1451a, 1694a) the stamps do not have to be in the same order as shown in the catalogue (see U.S. Scott 2158a). PS = A perforation shift after printing may remove a color from the finished stamp. Normally, this will occur on a row of stamps at Specimens — The Universal Postal Union required member the edge of the stamp pane. nations to send samples of all stamps they released into service to the International Bureau in Switzerland. Member nations of the Overprints and Surcharges — Overprinting involves applying word- UPU received these specimens as samples of what stamps were ing or design elements over an already existing stamp. Overprints can valid for postage. Many are overprinted, handstamped or initial-per- be used to alter the place of use (such as “Canal Zone” on U.S. stamps), forated “Specimen,” “Canceled” or “Muestra.” Some are marked to adapt them for a special purpose (“Porto” on Denmark’s 1913-20 with bars across the denominations (China-Taiwan), punched holes regular issues for use as postage due stamps, Scott J1-J7) or to com- (Czechoslovakia) or back inscriptions (Mongolia). memorate a special occasion (United States Scott 647-648). Stamps distributed to government officials or for publicity pur- A surcharge is a form of overprint that changes or restates the face poses, and stamps submitted by private security printers for official value of a stamp or piece of postal stationery. approval, also may receive such defacements. Surcharges and overprints may be handstamped, typeset or, occa- The previously described defacement markings prevent postal sionally, lithographed or engraved. A few hand-written overprints use, and all such items generally are known as “specimens.” and surcharges are known. Tete Beche — This term describes a pair of stamps in which one Precancels — Stamps that are canceled before they are placed in is upside down in relation to the other. Some of these are the result the mail are known as precancels. Precanceling usually is done of intentional sheet arrangements, such as Morocco Scott B10-B11. to expedite the handling of large mailings and generally allow Others occurred when one or more electrotypes accidentally were the affected mail pieces to skip certain phases of mail handling. placed upside down on the plate, such as Colombia Scott 57a. In the United States, precancellations generally identified the Separation of the tete-beche stamps, of course, destroys the tete point of origin; that is, the city and state. This information appeared beche variety. across the face of the stamp, usually centered between parallel lines. More recently, bureau precancels retained the parallel lines, but the city and state designations were dropped. Recent coils have a service inscription that is present on the original printing plate. These show the mail service paid for by the stamp. Since these stamps are not intended to receive further cancellations when used as intended, they are considered precancels. Such items often do not have parallel lines as part of the precancellation. In France, the abbreviation Affranchts in a semicircle together with the word Postes is the general form of precancel in use. Belgian precancellations usually appear in a box in which the name of the city appears. Netherlands precancels have the name of the city enclosed between concentric circles, sometimes called Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. INTRODUCTION 31A

Currency Conversion Country Dollar Pound S Franc Yen HK $ Euro Cdn $ Aus $ Australia 1.4102 2.3614 1.0355 0.0129 0.1816 1.6267 1.0658 ----- Canada 1.3231 2.2155 0.9716 0.0121 0.1704 1.5262 ----- 0.9382 European Union 0.8669 1.4516 0.6366 0.0079 0.1117 ----- 0.6552 0.6147 Hong Kong 7.7640 13.001 5.7013 0.0710 ----- 8.9561 5.8680 5.5056 Japan 109.30 183.03 80.263 ----- 14.078 126.08 82.610 77.508 Switzerland 1.3618 2.2803 ----- 0.0125 0.1754 1.5709 1.0292 0.9657 United Kingdom 0.5972 ----- 0.4385 0.0055 0.0769 0.6889 0.4514 0.4235 United States ----- 1.6745 0.7343 0.0091 0.1288 1.1535 0.7558 0.7091

Country Currency U.S. $ Equiv. Afghanistan...... afghani ...... 0233 Aitutaki...... New Zealand dollar ...... 6176 Albania ...... lek...... 0085 Algeria...... dinar ...... 0136 Andorra (French) ...... euro ...... 1.1535 Andorra (Spanish) ...... euro ...... 1.1535 Angola ...... kwanza ...... 0128 Anguilla ...... East Caribbean dollar...... 3745 Antigua...... East Caribbean dollar...... 3745 Argentina...... peso ...... 3511 Armenia...... dram ...... 0018 Aruba ...... guilder...... 5587 Ascension ...... British pound...... 1.6745 Australia ...... dollar...... 7091 Australian Antarctic Territory ...... dollar...... 7091 Austria...... euro ...... 1.1535 Azerbaijan...... manat...... 0002 Bahamas ...... dollar...... 1.00 Bahrain...... dinar ...... 2.653 Bangladesh ...... taka...... 0171 Barbados...... dollar...... 5025 Barbuda ...... East Caribbean dollar...... 3745 Belarus ...... ruble ...... 0005 Belgium ...... euro ...... 1.1535 Belize ...... dollar...... 5076 Benin...... Community of French Africa (CFA) franc ...... 00176 Bermuda...... dollar...... 1.00 Bhutan...... ngultrum ...... 0210 Bolivia ...... boliviano ...... 1287 Bosnia & Herzegovina ...... convertible mark ...... 5854 Botswana...... pula...... 2131 Brazil...... real ...... 3488 British Antarctic Territory...... British pound...... 1.6745 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... British pound...... 1.6745 Brunei ...... dollar...... 5741 Bulgaria ...... lev...... 5927 Burkina Faso...... CFA franc...... 00176 Burma ...... kyat...... 1558 Burundi ...... franc ...... 0010 United Nations-New York ...... U.S. dollar ...... 1.00 United Nations-New York ...... U.S. dollar ...... 1.00 United Nations-Geneva ...... Swiss franc ...... 7343 United Nations-Vienna ...... euro ...... 1.1535 United States ...... dollar...... 1.00

COMMON DESIGN TYPES Ireland...... 175-176 Europa, 1964 Europa, 1967 Italy...... 809-810 Luxembourg...... 374-375 Netherlands ...... 385-386 Norway ...... 387 Pictured in this section are issues Portugal ...... 866-867 where one illustration has been used for Spain ...... 941-942 a number of countries in the Catalogue. Sweden...... 562-563 Not included in this section are over- Switzerland...... 400-401 printed stamps or those issues which Turkey ...... 1493-1494 are illustrated in each country. EUROPA Europa, 1961 Symbolic Cogwheels CD10 Europa, 1956 Daisy — CD7

The design symbolizing the cooperation 5th anniversary of the establishment of 1967 among the six countries comprising the Coal C.E.P.T. The 22 petals of the flower symbolize and Steel Community is illustrated in each the 22 members of the Conference. Andorra, French ...... 174-175 country. Belgium...... 688-689 19 Doves 1964, Sept. Cyprus ...... 297-299 Flying as France...... 1178-1179 Belgium...... 496-497 One — CD4 Austria ...... 738 Germany...... 969-970 France...... 805-806 Belgium...... 614-615 Greece...... 891-892 Germany...... 748-749 The 19 doves represent the 19 members of Cyprus ...... 244-246 Iceland ...... 389-390 Italy ...... 715-716 the Conference of European Postal and Tele- France...... 1109-1110 Ireland...... 232-233 Luxembourg...... 318-320 communications Administrations C.E.P.T. Germany...... 897-898 Italy ...... 951-952 Greece...... 801-802 Netherlands ...... 368-369 1961-62 Liechtenstein ...... 420 Iceland ...... 367-368 Luxembourg...... 449-450 Europa, 1958 Belgium...... 572-573 Ireland...... 196-197 Monaco...... 669-670 Cyprus ...... 201-203 Italy ...... 894-895 Netherlands ...... 444-447 France...... 1005-1006 Luxembourg...... 411-412 Norway ...... 504-505 Germany...... 844-845 Monaco...... 590-591 Portugal ...... 994-996 Great Britain ...... 383-384 Netherlands ...... 428-429 Spain ...... 1465-1466 Greece...... 718-719 Norway ...... 458 Switzerland ...... 482 Iceland ...... 340-341 Portugal ...... 931-933 Turkey ...... B120-B121 Italy ...... 845-846 Spain ...... 1262-1263 Luxembourg...... 382-383 Switzerland ...... 438-439 Europa, 1968 Netherlands ...... 387-388 Turkey ...... 1628-1629 Spain ...... 1010-1011 “E” and Switzerland ...... 410-411 Europa, 1965 Dove — CD1 Turkey ...... 1518-1520 Golden Key European Postal Union at the service of Europa, 1962 with European integration. C.E.P.T. Emblem 1958, Sept. 13 CD11 Belgium...... 527-528 Leaves and France...... 889-890 “Fruit” 1968 Young Tree Germany...... 790-791 CD8 Andorra, French ...... 182-183 Italy ...... 750-751 with 19 Leaves Belgium...... 705-706 Luxembourg...... 341-343 1965 Cyprus ...... 314-316 Netherlands ...... 375-376 CD5 Belgium...... 636-637 France...... 1209-1210 Saar ...... 317-318 Germany...... 983-984 The 19 leaves represent the 19 original Cyprus ...... 262-264 members of C.E.P.T. Greece...... 916-917 Europa, 1959 Finland...... 437 Iceland ...... 395-396 1962-63 France...... 1131-1132 Ireland...... 242-243 Germany...... 934-935 Italy ...... 979-980 Belgium...... 582-583 Greece...... 833-834 Liechtenstein ...... 442 Cyprus ...... 219-221 Iceland ...... 375-376 Luxembourg...... 466-467 France...... 1045-1046 Ireland...... 204-205 Monaco...... 689-691 Germany...... 852-853 Italy ...... 915-916 Netherlands ...... 452-453 Greece...... 739-740 Luxembourg...... 432-433 Portugal ...... 1019-1021 Iceland ...... 348-349 Monaco...... 616-617 San Marino ...... 687 Ireland...... 184-185 Netherlands ...... 438-439 Spain ...... 1526 Italy ...... 860-861 Norway ...... 475-476 Turkey ...... 1775-1776 6-Link Enless Luxembourg...... 386-387 Portugal ...... 958-960 Chain — CD2 Netherlands ...... 394-395 Switzerland ...... 469 Europa, 1969 Norway ...... 414-415 Turkey ...... 1665-1666 1959, Sept. 19 Switzerland ...... 416-417 Turkey ...... 1553-1555 Europa, 1966 Belgium...... 536-537 France...... 929-930 Europa, 1963 Germany...... 805-806 Italy ...... 791-792 “EUROPA” Luxembourg...... 354-355 and “CEPT” Netherlands ...... 379-380 CD12 Europa, 1960 Stylized Links, Tenth anniversary of C.E.P.T. Symbolizing 1969 Unity — CD6 Symbolic Andorra, French ...... 188-189 1963, Sept. Sailboat — CD9 Austria ...... 837 Belgium...... 718-719 19-Spoke Belgium...... 598-599 1966, Sept. Cyprus ...... 326-328 Wheel Cyprus ...... 229-231 Denmark ...... 458 CD3 Finland...... 419 Andorra, French ...... 172 Finland...... 483 France...... 1074-1075 Belgium...... 675-676 France...... 1245-1246 Cyprus ...... 275-277 First anniverary of the establishment of Germany...... 867-868 Germany...... 996-997 C.E.P.T. (Conference Europeenne des Admin- Greece...... 768-769 France...... 1163-1164 Great Britain ...... 585 istrations des Postes et des Telecommunica- Iceland ...... 357-358 Germany...... 963-964 Greece...... 947-948 tions.) The spokes symbolize the 19 founding Ireland...... 188-189 Greece...... 862-863 Iceland ...... 406-407 members of the Conference. Italy ...... 880-881 Iceland ...... 384-385 Ireland...... 270-271 Luxembourg ...... 403-404 Ireland...... 216-217 1960, Sept. Italy ...... 1000-1001 Netherlands ...... 416-417 Italy ...... 942-943 Liechtenstein ...... 453 Belgium...... 553-554 Norway ...... 441-442 Liechtenstein ...... 415 Luxembourg ...... 474-475 Denmark ...... 379 Switzerland ...... 429 Luxembourg ...... 440-441 Monaco...... 722-724 Finland ...... 376-377 Turkey ...... 1602-1603 Monaco...... 639-640 Netherlands ...... 475-476 France...... 970-971 Netherlands ...... 441-442 Norway ...... 533-534 Germany...... 818-820 Norway ...... 496-497 Portugal ...... 1038-1040 Great Britain ...... 377-378 Portugal ...... 980-982 San Marino ...... 701-702 Greece...... 688 Switzerland ...... 477-478 Spain ...... 1567 Iceland ...... 327-328 Turkey ...... 1718-1719 Sweden...... 814-816 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 33A

Switzerland...... 500-501 Netherlands ...... 494-495 Romania ...... 4370 Turkey ...... 1799-1800 Portugal ...... 1141-1143 Russia...... 6589 Vatican...... 470-472 San Marino...... 771-772 San Marino...... 1480 Yugoslavia ...... 1003-1004 Spain ...... 1718 Slovakia ...... 355 Switzerland...... 544-545 Slovenia...... 424 Europa, 1970 Turkey ...... 1907-1908 Spain ...... 3036 Yugoslavia ...... 1100-1101 Sweden...... 2394 Europa, 1973 Switzerland...... 1074 Turkey ...... 2762 Turkish Rep. of Northern Cyprus....500 Marquis de Planning Ukraine ...... 379 Pombal — CD28 Reconstruction Interwoven Vatican City ...... 1152 of Lisbon, Threads The Gibraltar stamps are similar to the 1755 — CD29 CD13 stamp illustrated, but none have the design Post Horn shown above. All other sets listed above 1970 and Arrows include at least one stamp with the design CD16 shown, but some include stamps with entirely Andorra, French ...... 196-197 different designs. Bulgaria Nos. 4131-4132 Belgium...... 741-742 1973 are Europa stamps with completely different Cyprus ...... 340-342 designs. France...... 1271-1272 Andorra, French ...... 219-320 Germany...... 1018-1019 Andorra, Spanish ...... 76 PORTUGAL & COLONIES Greece...... 985, 987 Belgium...... 839-840 Vasco da Gama Cyprus ...... 396-398 Pombal Monument, Iceland...... 420-421 Lisbon — CD30 Ireland...... 279-281 Finland...... 526 Italy...... 1013-1014 France...... 1367 Liechtenstein ...... 470 Germany...... 1114-1115 Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho e Mello, Mar- quis de Pombal (1699-1782), statesman, Luxembourg...... 489-490 Greece...... 1090-1092 rebuilt Lisbon after earthquake of 1755. Tax Monaco...... 768-770 Iceland...... 447-448 was for the erection of Pombal monument. Netherlands ...... 483-484 Ireland...... 329-330 Fleet Departing Obligatory on all mail on certain days through- Portugal ...... 1060-1062 Italy...... 1108-1109 CD20 out the year. Postal Tax Dues are inscribed San Marino...... 729-730 Liechtenstein ...... 528-529 “Multa.” Spain ...... 1607 Luxembourg...... 523-524 Switzerland...... 515-516 Malta...... 469-471 1925 Turkey ...... 1848-1849 Monaco...... 866-867 Angola ...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Yugoslavia ...... 1024-1025 Netherlands ...... 504-505 Azores ...... RA9-RA11, RAJ2-RAJ4 Norway ...... 604-605 Cape Verde ...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Europa, 1971 Portugal ...... 1170-1172 Fleet Arriving at Calicut — CD21 Macao...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 San Marino...... 802-803 Madeira...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Spain ...... 1753 Switzerland...... 580-581 Mozambique..... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Turkey ...... 1935-1936 Nyassa...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 “Fraternity, Yugoslavia ...... 1138-1139 Portugal ...... RA11-RA13, RAJ2-RAJ4 Cooperation, Port. Guinea ..... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Common Europa, 2000 Port. India...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Effort” St. Thomas & Prince CD14 Islands ...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 Timor ...... RA1-RA3, RAJ1-RAJ3 1971 Andorra, French ...... 205-206 Embarking at Muse of Belgium...... 803-804 Rastello History Cyprus ...... 365-367 CD22 CD23 Finland...... 504 France...... 1304 Germany...... 1064-1065 CD17 Greece...... 1029-1030 Iceland...... 429-430 2000 Ireland...... 305-306 Albania...... 2621-2622 Italy...... 1038-1039 Andorra, French ...... 522 Vasco da Gama Mousinho de Liechtenstein ...... 485 Andorra, Spanish ...... 262 Luxembourg...... 500-501 CD34 Albuquerque Armenia ...... 610-611 CD35 Malta...... 425-427 Austria ...... 1814 Monaco...... 797-799 Azerbaijan...... 698-699 San Gabriel, Archangel Netherlands ...... 488-489 Belarus ...... 350 da Gama and Gabriel, the Portugal ...... 1094-1096 Belgium...... 1818 Camoens Patron Saint San Marino...... 749-750 Bosnia & Herzegovina (Moslem) ....358 CD24 CD25 Spain ...... 1675-1676 Bosnia & Herzegovina (Serb) ...... 111- Switzerland...... 531-532 112 Turkey ...... 1876-1877 Croatia...... 428-429 Yugoslavia ...... 1052-1053 Cyprus ...... 959 Czech Republic ...... 3120 Europa, 1972 Denmark...... 1189 Estonia...... 394 Flagship San Dam Prince Henry Faroe Islands...... 376 Gabriel — CD26 CD36 the Navigator Finland...... 1129 CD37 Aland Islands...... 166 France...... 2771 Georgia...... 228-229 Germany...... 2086-2087 Gibraltar...... 837-840 Sparkles, Symbolic Great Britain (Guernsey)...... 805-809 Vasco da of Communications Great Britain (Jersey)...... 935-936 Gama — CD27 CD15 Great Britain (Isle of Man) ...... 883 Greece...... 1959 Fourth centenary of Vasco da Gama’s dis- 1972 Greenland...... 363 covery of the route to India. Hungary...... 3699-3700 Andorra, French ...... 210-211 Iceland...... 910 1898 Affonso de Plane over Andorra, Spanish ...... 62 Ireland...... 1230-1231 Azores ...... 93-100 Albuquerque Globe Belgium...... 825-826 Italy...... 2349 Macao...... 67-74 CD38 CD39 Cyprus ...... 380-382 Latvia...... 504 Madeira...... 37-44 Finland...... 512-513 Liechtenstein ...... 1178 Portugal ...... 147-154 1938-39 France...... 1341 Lithuania...... 668 Germany...... 1089-1090 Luxembourg...... 1035 Port. Africa ...... 1-8 Angola ...... 274-291, C1-C9 Greece...... 1049-1050 Macedonia...... 187 Port. Congo ...... 75-98 Cape Verde ...... 234-251, C1-C9 Iceland...... 439-440 Malta...... 1011-1012 Port. India...... 189-196 Macao...... 289-305, C7-C15 Ireland...... 316-317 Moldova ...... 355 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...170-193 Mozambique...... 270-287, C1-C9 Italy...... 1065-1066 Monaco...... 2161-2162 Timor ...... 45-52 Port. Guinea ...... 233-250. C1-C9 Liechtenstein ...... 504 Poland ...... 3519 Port. India...... 439-453, C1-C8 Luxembourg...... 512-513 Portugal ...... 2358 Pombal St. Thomas & Prince Malta...... 450-453 Portugal (Azores) ...... 455 POSTAL TAX Islands ... 302-319, 323-340, C1-C18 Monaco...... 831-832 Portugal (Madeira)...... 208 POSTAL TAX DUES Timor ...... 223-239, C1-C9 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 34A COMMON DESIGN TYPES

Lady of Fatima Medical Congress Sports ITU

CD44 ITU Emblem and Our Lady of the the Archangel Rosary, Fatima, First National Congress of Tropical Gabriel — CD52 Portugal — CD40 Medicine, Lisbon, 1952. Each stamp has a different design. CD48 International Communications Union, Cent. 1948-49 1952 1965, May 17 Angola ...... 315-318 Each stamp shows a different sport. Cape Verde ...... 266 Angola ...... 358 Angola ...... 511 1962 Cape Verde ...... 329 Macao...... 336 Cape Verde ...... 287 Macao...... 364 Macao...... 402 Mozambique ...... 325-328 Angola ...... 433-438 Mozambique ...... 359 Mozambique ...... 464 Port. Guinea ...... 271 Cape Verde ...... 320-325 Port. Guinea ...... 276 Macao...... 394-399 Port. Guinea ...... 320 Port. India ...... 480 Port. India ...... 516 Mozambique ...... 424-429 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 383 Timor ...... 321 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 351 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 356 Port. Guinea ...... 299-304 Timor ...... 254 Timor ...... 271 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...374-379 A souvenir sheet of 9 stamps was issued in Timor ...... 313-318 National Revolution 1951 to mark the extension of the 1950 Holy Postage Due Stamps Year. The sheet contains: Angola No. 316, Anti-Malaria Cape Verde No. 266, Macao No. 336, Mozambique No. 325, Portuguese Guinea No. 271, Portuguese India Nos. 480, 485, St. Thomas & Prince Islands No. 351, Timor No. 254. The sheet also contains a portrait of Pope Pius XII and is inscribed “Encerramento do Ano Santo, Fatima 1951.” It was sold for 11 CD53 escudos. CD45 Anopheles Funestus 40th anniv. of the National Revolution. Dif- and Malaria ferent buildings on each stamp. Holy Year Eradication 1952 Symbol — CD49 1966, May 28 Angola ...... J37-J42 World Health Organization drive to eradi- Angola ...... 525 Cape Verde ...... J31-J36 cate malaria. Cape Verde ...... 338 Macao...... J53-J58 Macao...... 403 Mozambique ...... J51-J56 1962 Mozambique ...... 465 Port. Guinea ...... J40-J45 Port. Guinea ...... 329 Angola ...... 439 Port. India ...... J47-J52 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 392 Cape Verde ...... 326 Timor ...... 322 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ... J52-J57 Macao...... 400 Timor ...... J31-J36 Mozambique ...... 430 Navy Club Port. Guinea ...... 305 Church Bells and Angel Holding Sao Paulo St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 380 Dove Candelabra Timor ...... 319 CD41 CD42 Airline Anniversary Holy Year, 1950. Father Manuel 1950-51 de Nobrege and View of Angola ...... 331-332 Sao CD54 Cape Verde ...... 268-269 Paulo — CD46 Macao...... 339-340 Centenary of Portugal’s Navy Club. Each Mozambique ...... 330-331 Founding of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 400th anniv. stamp has a different design. Map of Africa, Super Port. Guinea ...... 273-274 1954 1967, Jan. 31 Port. India ...... 490-491, 496-503 Constellation and Jet St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...353-354 Angola ...... 385 Liner — CD50 Angola ...... 527-528 Timor ...... 258-259 Cape Verde ...... 297 Cape Verde ...... 339-340 Tenth anniversary of Transportes Aereos Macao...... 382 Macao...... 412-413 A souvenir sheet of 8 stamps was issued in Portugueses (TAP). Mozambique ...... 478-479 1951 to mark the extension of the Holy Year. Mozambique ...... 395 Port. Guinea ...... 330-331 The sheet contains: Angola No. 331, Cape Port. Guinea ...... 291 1963 Verde No. 269, Macao No. 340, Mozambique St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...393-394 No. 331, Portuguese Guinea No. 275, Portu- Port. India ...... 530 Angola ...... 490 Timor ...... 323-324 guese India No. 490, St. Thomas & Prince St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 369 Cape Verde ...... 327 Islands No. 354, Timor No. 258, some with Timor ...... 279 Admiral Coutinho colors changed. The sheet contains doves and Mozambique ...... 434 is inscribed ‘Encerramento do Ano Santo, Fat- Port. Guinea ...... 318 ima 1951.‘ It was sold for 17 escudos. Tropical Medicine Congress St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 381 National Overseas Bank Holy Year Conclusion

CD55

Antonio Centenary of the birth of Admiral Carlos Vie- Teixeira de gas Gago Coutinho (1869-1959), explorer and Sousa — CD51 aviation pioneer. Each stamp has a different design. Our Lady of Fatima — CD43 Centenary of the National Overseas Bank of 1969, Feb. 17 CD47 Portugal. Conclusion of Holy Year. Sheets contain Angola ...... 547 1964, May 16 Cape Verde ...... 355 alternate vertical rows of stamps and labels Sixth International Congress for Tropical bearing quotation from Pope Pius XII, different Medicine and Malaria, Lisbon, Sept. 1958. Angola ...... 509 Macao...... 417 for each colony. Each stamp shows a different plant. Cape Verde ...... 328 Mozambique ...... 484 Port. Guinea ...... 335 1951 Port. Guinea ...... 319 1958 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 382 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 397 Timor ...... 335 Angola ...... 357 Angola ...... 409 Timor ...... 320 Cape Verde ...... 270 Cape Verde ...... 303 Macao...... 352 Macao...... 392 Mozambique ...... 356 Mozambique ...... 404 Port. Guinea ...... 275 Port. Guinea ...... 295 Port. India ...... 506 Port. India ...... 569 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 355 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 371 Timor ...... 270 Timor ...... 289 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 35A

Administration Reform WMO Centenary Paris International Exposition Indo-China...... B14 Colonial Arts Exposition Ivory Coast ...... B2 Madagascar...... B2 Martinique...... B2 Mauritania...... B3 New Caledonia...... B4 Niger...... B1 Reunion ...... B4 WMO St. Pierre & Miquelon...... B3 Emblem — CD61 Senegal ...... B3 Luiz Augusto Rebello Somali Coast...... B2 da Silva — CD56 Centenary of international meterological Togo...... B1 cooperation. Centenary of the administration reforms of Caillie the overseas territories. 1973, Dec. 15 “Colonial Resources” CD74 CD77 1969, Sept. 25 Angola ...... 571 Cape Verde ...... 363 Angola ...... 549 Macao...... 429 Cape Verde ...... 357 Mozambique ...... 509 Macao...... 419 Port. Guinea ...... 344 Mozambique ...... 491 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 410 Overseas Port. Guinea ...... 337 Timor ...... 345 Commerce Rene Caille and Map of Northwestern St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 399 CD75 Africa — CD81 Timor ...... 338 FRENCH COMMUNITY Marshal Carmona Upper Volta can be found under Death centenary of Rene Caillie (1799- Burkina Faso in Vol. 1 1838), French explorer. All three denominations exist with colony name omitted. Madagascar can be found under Exposition Malagasy in Vol. 3 Building and 1939 Colonial Exposition Women CD76 Dahomey ...... 108-110 Fr. Guinea ...... 161-163 Fr. Sudan...... 113-115 Ivory Coast ...... 160-162 People of Mauritania...... 109-111 CD57 French Niger ...... 84-86 Empire “France and Senegal ...... 188-190 Birth centenary of Marshal Antonio Oscar CD70 the Empire” Togo...... 265-267 Carmona de Fragoso (1869-1951), President CD78 of Portugal. Each stamp has a different New York World’s Fair design. 1970, Nov. 15 Angola ...... 563 Women’s Cultural Treasures of Natives and Cape Verde ...... 359 Heads New York Macao...... 422 CD71 the Colonies CD79 Skyline Mozambique ...... 493 CD82 Port. Guinea ...... 340 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 403 Souvenir sheets contain one imperf. stamp. Timor ...... 341 France 1939 1937 Showing Cameroun...... 223-224 Olympic Games Way to Cameroun...... 217-222A Dahomey ...... 111-112 Civilization Dahomey ...... 101-107 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 78-79 CD72 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 27-32, 73 Fr. Guiana ...... 169-170 Fr. Guiana ...... 162-168 Fr. Guinea ...... 164-165 Fr. Guinea ...... 120-126 Fr. India ...... 111-112 Fr. India ...... 104-110 Fr. Polynesia...... 124-125 Fr. Polynesia...... 117-123 Fr. Sudan...... 116-117 Fr. Sudan...... 106-112 Guadeloupe ...... 155-156 CD59 “Colonial Guadeloupe ...... 148-154 Indo-China ...... 203-204 Commerce” Indo-China ...... 193-199 Inini ...... 42-43 20th Olympic Games, Munich, Aug. 26- CD73 Inini ...... 41 Ivory Coast ...... 163-164 Sept. 11. Each stamp shows a different sport. Ivory Coast ...... 152-158 Kwangchowan ...... 121-122 International Colonial Exposition, Paris. 1972, June 20 Kwangchowan ...... 132 Madagascar ...... 209-210 Madagascar ...... 191-197 Martinique...... 186-187 1931 Angola ...... 569 Martinique...... 179-185 Mauritania ...... 112-113 Cape Verde ...... 361 Cameroun ...... 213-216 Mauritania ...... 69-75 New Caledonia ...... 215-216 Macao...... 426 Chad ...... 60-63 New Caledonia ...... 208-214 Niger ...... 87-88 Mozambique ...... 504 Dahomey ...... 97-100 Niger ...... 72-83 Reunion ...... 174-175 Port. Guinea ...... 342 Fr. Guiana ...... 152-155 Reunion ...... 167-173 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 205-206 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 408 Fr. Guinea ...... 116-119 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 165-171 Senegal ...... 191-192 Timor ...... 343 Fr. India ...... 100-103 Senegal ...... 172-178 Somali Coast ...... 179-180 Fr. Polynesia ...... 76-79 Somali Coast ...... 139-145 Togo...... 268-269 Lisbon-Rio de Janeiro Flight Fr. Sudan...... 102-105 Togo...... 258-264 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 90-91 Gabon...... 120-123 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 89 Guadeloupe ...... 138-141 French Revolution Indo-China ...... 140-142 Curie Ivory Coast ...... 92-95 Madagascar ...... 169-172 Martinique...... 129-132 Mauritania ...... 65-68 CD60 Middle Congo ...... 61-64 Pierre and Storming of New Caledonia ...... 176-179 Marie Curie the Bastille 50th anniversary of the Lisbon to Rio de Niger ...... 73-76 CD80 CD83 Janeiro flight by Arturo de Sacadura and Cou- Reunion ...... 122-125 tinho, March 30-June 5, 1922. Each stamp St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 132-135 French Revolution, 150th anniv. The surtax shows a different stage of the flight. 40th anniversary of the discovery of radium. Senegal ...... 138-141 The surtax was for the benefit of the Intl. Union was for the defense of the colonies. 1972, Sept. 20 Somali Coast ...... 135-138 for the Control of Cancer. Togo...... 254-257 1939 1938 Angola ...... 570 Ubangi-Shari ...... 82-85 Cameroun ...... B2-B6 Cape Verde ...... 362 Upper Volta...... 66-69 Cameroun ...... B1 Dahomey ...... B3-B7 Macao...... 427 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 85-88 Cuba ...... B1-B2 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... B4-B8, CB1 Mozambique ...... 505 Dahomey ...... B2 Fr. Guiana ...... B4-B8, CB1 Port. Guinea ...... 343 France...... B76 Fr. Guinea ...... B3-B7 St. Thomas & Prince Islands ...... 409 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... B1 Fr. India ...... B7-B11 Timor ...... 344 Fr. Guiana ...... B3 Fr. Polynesia ...... B6-B10, CB1 Fr. Guinea ...... B2 Fr. Sudan...... B2-B6 Fr. India ...... B6 Guadeloupe ...... B4-B8 Fr. Polynesia ...... B5 Indo-China ...... B15-B19, CB1 Fr. Sudan...... B1 Inini ...... B1-B5 Guadeloupe ...... B3 Ivory Coast ...... B3-B7 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 36A COMMON DESIGN TYPES

Kwangchowan ...... B1-B5 Fr. India ...... CB3 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... B9 Madagascar...... B3-B7, CB1 Fr. Polynesia...... CB4 Martinique...... B3-B7 Fr. Sudan...... CB4 Eboue Mauritania...... B4-B8 Guadeloupe...... CB3 New Caledonia...... B5-B9, CB1 Indo-China...... CB5 Niger...... B2-B6 Inini...... CB3 Reunion ...... B5-B9, CB1 Ivory Coast ...... CB4 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... B4-B8 Kwangchowan ...... CB4 Senegal ...... B4-B8, CB1 Malagasy ...... CB5 Somali Coast...... B3-B7 Martinique...... CB3 Tanks in Action, Mareth — CD95 Togo...... B2-B6 Mauritania...... CB4 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... B1-B5 New Caledonia...... CB4 Niger...... CB4 Reunion ...... CB4 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... CB3 CD91 Senegal ...... CB5 Somali Coast...... CB3 Felix Eboue, first French colonial administra- Plane over Togo...... CB3 tor to proclaim resistance to Germany after Coastal Wallis & Futuna...... CB3 French surrender in World War II. Area 1945 CD85 Normandy Invasion — CD96 Cameroun...... 296-297 All five denominations exist with colony Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 156-157 name omitted. Cross of Fr. Guiana ...... 171-172 Lorraine & Fr. India ...... 210-211 1940 Four-motor Fr. Polynesia...... 150-151 Dahomey ...... C1-C5 Plane Fr. West Africa ...... 15-16 Fr. Guinea ...... C1-C5 CD87 Guadeloupe ...... 187-188 Fr. Sudan...... C1-C5 Madagascar...... 259-260 Ivory Coast ...... C1-C5 1941-5 Martinique...... 196-197 Mauritania...... C1-C5 New Caledonia ...... 274-275 Entering Paris — CD97 Niger ...... C1-C5 Cameroun...... C1-C7 Reunion ...... 238-239 Senegal ...... C12-C16 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... C17-C23 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 322-323 Togo...... C1-C5 Fr. Guiana ...... C9-C10 Somali Coast ...... 238-239 Fr. India ...... C1-C6 Defense of the Empire Fr. Polynesia...... C3-C9 Victory Fr. West Africa ...... C1-C3 Guadeloupe ...... C1-C2 Madagascar...... C37-C43 Martinique...... C1-C2 New Caledonia ...... C7-C13 Reunion ...... C18-C24 Liberation of Strasbourg — CD98 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... C1-C7 Somali Coast ...... C1-C7 “Chad to the Rhine” march, 1942-44, by Gen. Jacques Leclerc’s column, later French 2nd Armored Division. Victory — CD92 Colonial 1946, June 6 Infantryman — CD86 European victory of the Allied Nations in World War II. Cameroun...... C9-C14 1941 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... C25-C30 Transport 1946, May 8 Fr. Guiana ...... C12-C17 Cameroun...... B13B Plane Fr. India ...... C8-C13 Dahomey ...... B13 CD88 Cameroun...... C8 Fr. Polynesia...... C11-C16 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... C24 Fr. West Africa ...... C5-C10 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... B8B Fr. Guiana ...... C11 Fr. Guiana ...... B10 Guadeloupe ...... C4-C9 Fr. India ...... C7 Indo-China ...... C20-C25 Fr. Guinea ...... B13 Fr. Polynesia...... C10 Fr. India ...... B13 Madagascar...... C45-C50 Fr. West Africa ...... C4 Martinique...... C4-C9 Fr. Polynesia...... B12 Guadeloupe ...... C3 Fr. Sudan...... B12 New Caledonia ...... C15-C20 Caravan Indo-China ...... C19 Reunion ...... C26-C31 Guadeloupe ...... B10 and Plane Madagascar...... C44 Indo-China ...... B19B St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C9-C14 CD89 Martinique...... C3 Somali Coast ...... C9-C14 Inini ...... B7 New Caledonia ...... C14 Ivory Coast ...... B13 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C2-C7 Kwangchowan ...... B7 1942 Reunion ...... C25 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C8 UPU Madagascar...... B9 Dahomey ...... C6-C13 Somali Coast ...... C8 Martinique...... B9 Fr. Guinea ...... C6-C13 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C1 Mauritania...... B14 Fr. Sudan...... C6-C13 New Caledonia ...... B11 Ivory Coast ...... C6-C13 Chad to Rhine Niger ...... B12 Mauritania...... C6-C13 Reunion ...... B11 Niger ...... C6-C13 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... B8B Senegal ...... C17-C25 Senegal ...... B14 Togo...... C6-C13 Somali Coast ...... B9 Togo...... B10B Red Cross Wallis & Futuna Isls...... B7 French Colonials, Globe and Colonial Education Fund Plane — CD99

Leclerc’s Departure from Universal Postal Union, 75th anniv. Chad — CD93 1949, July 4 Marianne CD90 Cameroun...... C29 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... C34 Fr. India ...... C17 The surtax was for the French Red Cross and national relief. Fr. Polynesia...... C20 Fr. West Africa ...... C15 1944 Indo-China ...... C26 Madagascar...... C55 Cameroun...... B28 New Caledonia ...... C24 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... B38 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C18 Fr. Guiana ...... B12 Battle at Cufra Oasis — CD94 Somali Coast ...... C18 Fr. India ...... B14 Togo...... C18 CD86a Fr. Polynesia...... B13 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C10 Fr. West Africa ...... B1 1942 Guadeloupe ...... B12 Madagascar...... B15 Cameroun...... CB3 Martinique...... B11 Dahomey ...... CB4 New Caledonia ...... B13 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... CB5 Reunion ...... B15 Fr. Guiana ...... CB4 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... B13 Fr. Guinea ...... CB4 Somali Coast ...... B13 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 37A

Tropical Medicine (Fonds d’ Investissement pour le Developpe- Air Afrique, 1961 Chad...... 85 ment Economique et Social). Each stamp has Congo, P.R...... 105 a different design. Dahomey ...... 155 1956 Gabon...... 165 Ivory Coast ...... 198 Cameroun...... 326-329 Madagascar...... 332 Doctor Comoro Isls...... 43 Mauritania...... 170 Treating Fr. Polynesia...... 181 Niger...... 112 Infant Fr. West Africa ...... 65-72 Senegal ...... 211 CD100 Madagascar...... 292-295 Upper Volta...... 106 New Caledonia...... 303 The surtax was for charitable work. Somali Coast...... 268 Modern and Ancient Africa, Map and Telstar 1950 Togo...... 331 Planes — CD107 Cameroun...... B29 Flower Founding of Air Afrique (African Airlines). Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... B39 Fr. India ...... B15 1961-62 Fr. Polynesia...... B14 Cameroun...... C37 Fr. West Africa ...... B3 Cent. Africa ...... C5 Madagascar...... B17 Chad...... C7 New Caledonia...... B14 Congo, P.R...... C5 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... B14 CD104Dahomey ...... C17 Telstar and Globe Showing Andover Somali Coast...... B14 Gabon...... C5 and Pleumeur-Bodou — CD111 Togo...... B11 Each stamp shows a different flower. Ivory Coast ...... C18 Mauritania...... C17 First television connection of the United Military Medal 1958-9 Niger...... C22 States and Europe through the Telstar satel- Senegal ...... C31 lite, July 11-12, 1962. Cameroun...... 333 Upper Volta...... C4 Comoro Isls...... 45 1962-63 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 200-201 Anti-Malaria Fr. Polynesia...... 192 Andorra, French ...... 154 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 11 Comoro Isls...... C7 Fr. West Africa ...... 79-83 Fr. Polynesia...... C29 Madagascar...... 301-302 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... C5 New Caledonia ...... 304-305 New Caledonia ...... C33 Somali Coast...... C31 Medal, Early Marine St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 357 Somali Coast...... 270 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... C26 and Colonial Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C17 Soldier — CD101 Togo...... 348-349 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 152 Freedom From Hunger Centenary of the creation of the French Mili- tary Medal. Human Rights CD108 1952 Cameroun...... 332 World Health Organization drive to eradi- World Map cate malaria. Comoro Isls...... 39 Sun, Dove and Wheat Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 186 and U.N. 1962, Apr. 7 Emblem Fr. India ...... 233 Emblem CD112 Fr. Polynesia...... 179 CD105 Cameroun...... B36 Fr. West Africa ...... 57 Cent. Africa ...... B1 U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization’s Madagascar...... 286 10th anniversary of the signing of the Uni- Chad...... B1 “Freedom from Hunger” campaign. New Caledonia ...... 295 versal Declaration of Human Rights. Comoro Isls...... B1 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 345 Congo, P.R...... B3 1963, Mar. 21 1958 Somali Coast ...... 267 Dahomey ...... B15 Cameroun...... B37-B38 Togo...... 327 Gabon...... B4 Comoro Isls...... 44 Cent. Africa ...... B2 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 149 Ivory Coast ...... B15 Chad...... B2 Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... 202 Madagascar...... B19 Fr. Polynesia...... 191 Congo, P.R...... B4 Liberation Mali...... B1 Dahomey ...... B16 Fr. West Africa ...... 85 Mauritania...... B16 Madagascar...... 300 Gabon...... B5 Niger...... B14 Ivory Coast ...... B16 New Caledonia ...... 306 Senegal ...... B16 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 356 Madagascar...... B21 Somali Coast ...... B15 Mauritania...... B17 Somali Coast ...... 274 Upper Volta...... B1 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 153 Niger...... B15 Senegal ...... B17 Abidjan Games C.C.T.A. Upper Volta...... B2 Red Cross Centenary Allied Landing, Victory Sign and Cross of Lorraine — CD102

Liberation of France, 10th anniv. CD109 1954, June 6 Cameroun...... C32 Abidjan Games, Ivory Coast, Dec. 24-31, Comoro Isls...... C4 1961. Each stamp shows a different sport. Fr. Equatorial Africa ...... C38 CD106 1962 Fr. India ...... C18 Fr. Polynesia...... C22 Commission for Technical Cooperation in Chad...... 83-84 CD113 Fr. West Africa ...... C17 Africa south of the Sahara, 10th anniv. Cent. Africa ...... 19-20 Madagascar...... C57 Congo, P.R...... 103-104 Centenary of the International Red Cross. 1960 Gabon...... 163-164, C6 New Caledonia ...... C25 1963, Sept. 2 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C19 Niger ...... 109-111 Cameroun...... 335 Upper Volta...... 103-105 Somali Coast ...... C19 Cent. Africa ...... 3 Comoro Isls...... 55 Togo...... C19 Fr. Polynesia...... 205 Chad...... 66 African and Malagasy Union Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C11 Congo, P.R...... 90 New Caledonia ...... 328 Dahomey ...... 138 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 367 FIDES Gabon...... 150 Somali Coast ...... 297 Ivory Coast ...... 180 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 165 Madagascar...... 317 Mali...... 9 Mauritania...... 117 Flag of Niger ...... 104 Union Upper Volta...... 89 CD110

Plowmen First anniversary of the Union. CD103 1962, Sept. 8

African Postal Union, 1963 Human Rights 1965, May 17 African Postal Union, 1967 Comoro Isls...... C14 Fr. Polynesia...... C33 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... C8 New Caledonia...... C40 Scales of New Hebrides...... 124-125 Justice and St. Pierre & Miquelon...... C29 Globe Somali Coast...... C36 CD117 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C20 UAMPT Emblem, 15th anniversary of the Universal Declara- French Satellite A-1 Radio Masts, tion of Human Rights. Plane and Mail 1963, Dec. 10 Telecommunications Symbols and Map CD114 of Africa — CD124 Comoro Isls...... 58 Establishment of the African and Malagasy Fr. Polynesia...... 206 Fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Posts and Telecommunications Union. New Caledonia...... 329 African and Malagasy Union of Posts and St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 368 Telecommunications, UAMPT. 1963, Sept. 8 Somali Coast...... 300 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 166 1967 Cameroun...... C47 Diamant Rocket and Launching Cameroun...... C90 Cent. Africa ...... C10 PHILATEC Chad...... C9 Installation — CD121 Cent. Africa ...... C46 Congo, P.R...... C13 Chad...... C37 Dahomey ...... C19 Launching of France’s first satellite, Nov. 26, Congo, P.R...... C57 Gabon...... C13 1965. Dahomey ...... C61 Gabon...... C58 Ivory Coast ...... C25 1965-66 Madagascar...... C75 Ivory Coast ...... C34 Mauritania...... C22 Comoro Isls...... C15-C16 Madagascar...... C85 Niger...... C27 France...... 1137-1138 Mauritania...... C65 Rwanda ...... 36 Fr. Polynesia...... C40-C41 Niger...... C75 Rwanda ...... C1-C3 Senegal ...... C32 Stamp Album, Champs Elysees Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... C9-C10 Upper Volta...... C9 New Caledonia...... C44-C45 Senegal ...... C60 Palace and Horses of Marly Togo...... C81 CD118 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... C30-C31 Air Afrique, 1963 Somali Coast...... C39-C40 Upper Volta...... C50 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C22-C23 Intl. Philatelic and Postal Techniques Exhibi- Monetary Union tion, Paris, June 5-21, 1964. French Satellite D-1 1963-64 Comoro Isls...... 60 France...... 1078 Fr. Polynesia...... 207 New Caledonia...... 341 Symbols of Flight — CD115 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 369 Somali Coast...... 301 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 167 First anniversary of Air Afrique and inaugu- Gold Token of the ration of DC-8 service. Ashantis, 17-18th Cooperation D-1 Satellite in Orbit — CD122 Centuries — CD125 1963, Nov. 19 Launching of the D-1 satellite at Ham- West African Monetary Union, 5th anniv. Cameroun...... C48 maguir, Algeria, Feb. 17, 1966. Chad...... C10 1967, Nov. 4 Congo, P.R...... C14 1966 Gabon...... C18 Dahomey ...... 244 Ivory Coast ...... C26 Comoro Isls...... C17 Ivory Coast ...... 259 Mauritania...... C26 France...... 1148 Mauritania...... 238 Niger ...... C35 Fr. Polynesia...... C42 Niger ...... 204 Senegal ...... C33 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... C11 Senegal ...... 294 New Caledonia ...... C46 Togo...... 623 Europafrica St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C32 Upper Volta...... 181 CD119 Somali Coast ...... C49 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C24 WHO Anniversary Cooperation between France and the French-speaking countries of Africa and Air Afrique, 1966 Madagascar. 1964 Sun, Flowers Cameroun...... 409-410 and WHO Cent. Africa ...... 39 Emblem Chad ...... 103 CD126 Congo, P.R...... 121 Dahomey ...... 193 World Health Organization, 20th anniv. France...... 1111 Europe and Africa Gabon...... 175 Planes and Air Afrique 1968, May 4 Linked — CD116 Ivory Coast ...... 221 Emblem — CD123 Madagascar ...... 360 Afars & Issas ...... 317 Comoro Isls...... 73 Signing of an economic agreement between Mauritania...... 181 Introduction of DC-8F planes by Air Afrique. the European Economic Community and the Niger ...... 143 Fr. Polynesia ...... 241-242 African and Malagasy Union, Yaounde, Came- Senegal ...... 236 1966 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 31 roun, July 20, 1963. New Caledonia ...... 367 Togo...... 495 Cameroun...... C79 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 377 1963-64 Cent. Africa ...... C35 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 169 ITU Chad ...... C26 Cameroun...... 402 Congo, P.R...... C42 Human Rights Year Chad ...... C11 Dahomey ...... C42 Cent. Africa ...... C12 Gabon...... C47 Congo, P.R...... C16 Ivory Coast ...... C32 Gabon...... C19 Mauritania...... C57 Ivory Coast ...... 217 Niger ...... C63 Niger ...... C43 Senegal ...... C47 Upper Volta...... C11 Togo...... C54 Upper Volta...... C31

Telegraph, Human Rights Syncom Satellite Flame — CD127 and ITU Emblem CD120 1968, Aug. 10 Intl. Telecommunication Union, Cent. Afars & Issas ...... 322-323 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 39A

Comoro Isls...... 76 ILO First anniversay of the death of Charles de Rwanda ...... 540 Fr. Polynesia...... 243-244 Gaulle, (1890-1970), President of France. Senegal ...... 393 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 32 1971-72 Togo...... 849 New Caledonia...... 369 Upper Volta...... 297 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 382 Afars & Issas...... 356-357 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 170 Comoro Isls...... 104-105 Philexafrique II — Essen France...... 1322-1325 2nd PHILEXAFRIQUE Fr. Polynesia...... 270-271 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 52-53 ILO Headquarters, Geneva, and New Caledonia...... 393-394 Emblem — CD131 Reunion ...... 377, 380 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 417-418 Intl. Labor Organization, 50th anniv. Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 177-178 1969-70 African Postal Union, 1971 Afars & Issas...... 337 Comoro Isls...... 83 Fr. Polynesia...... 251-252 CD138 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 35 CD128 New Caledonia...... 379 St. Pierre & Miquelon...... 396 Opening of PHILEXAFRIQUE, Abidjan, Feb. Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 172 14. Each stamp shows a local scene and stamp. ASECNA UAMPT Building, Brazzaville, Congo — CD135 1969, Feb. 14 Cameroun...... C118 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Cent. Africa ...... C65 Map of African and Malagasy Posts and Telecommu- Chad...... C48 Africa, nications Union, UAMPT. Each stamp has a Congo, P.R...... C77 Plane and different native design. Dahomey ...... C94 Airport 1971, Nov. 13 Gabon...... C82 CD132 CD139 Ivory Coast ...... C38-C40 Cameroun...... C177 Madagascar...... C92 10th anniversary of the Agency for the Cent. Africa ...... C89 Designs: Indigenous fauna, local and Ger- Mali...... C65 Security of Aerial Navigation in Africa and Chad...... C94 man stamps. Types CD138-CD139 printed Madagascar (ASECNA, Agence pour la Congo, P.R...... C136 horizontally and vertically se-tenant in sheets Mauritania...... C80 Securite de la Navigation Aerienne en Afrique of 10 (2x5). Label between horizontal pairs Niger ...... C104 et a Madagascar). Dahomey ...... C146 alternately commemoratives Philexafrique II, Senegal ...... C68 Gabon...... C120 Libreville, Gabon, June 1978, and 2nd Interna- Togo...... C104 1969-70 Ivory Coast ...... C47 tional Stamp Fair, Essen, Germany, Nov. 1-5. Upper Volta...... C62 Mauritania...... C113 Cameroun...... 500 Niger ...... C164 1978-1979 Cent. Africa ...... 119 Concorde Rwanda ...... C8 Benin ...... C285-C286 Chad...... 222 Senegal ...... C105 Congo, P.R...... 197 Central Africa ...... C200-C201 Togo...... C166 Chad...... C238-C239 Dahomey ...... 269 Upper Volta...... C97 Gabon...... 260 Congo Republic...... C245-C246 Djibouti...... C121-C122 Ivory Coast ...... 287 West African Monetary Union Mali...... 130 Gabon...... C215-C216 Concorde in Niger ...... 221 Ivory Coast ...... C64-C65 Flight Senegal ...... 321 Mali...... C356-C357 CD129 Upper Volta...... 204 Mauritania...... C185-C186 Niger ...... C291-C292 First flight of the prototype Concorde super- U.P.U. Headquarters Rwanda ...... C12-C13 sonic plane at Toulouse, Mar. 1, 1969. Senegal ...... C146-C147 1969

Afars & Issas ...... C56 BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF Comoro Isls...... C29 African Couple, City, Village and NATIONS France...... C42 Commemorative Coin — CD136 Fr. Polynesia...... C50 Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... C18 CD133 West African Monetary Union, 10th anniv. New Caledonia ...... C63 The listings follow established trade 1972, Nov. 2 practices when these issues are offered St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... C40 New Universal Postal Union headquarters, Wallis & Futuna Isls...... C30 as units by dealers. The Peace issue, Bern, Switzerland. Dahomey ...... 300 for example, includes only one stamp Development Bank 1970 Ivory Coast ...... 331 from the Indian state of Hyderabad. The Mauritania...... 299 U.P.U. issue includes the Egypt set. Afars & Issas ...... 342 Niger ...... 258 Pairs are included for those varieties Algeria ...... 443 Senegal ...... 374 issues with bilingual designs se-tenant. Togo...... 825 Cameroun...... 503-504 Silver Jubilee Cent. Africa ...... 125 Upper Volta...... 280 Chad...... 225 Comoro Isls...... 84 African Postal Union, 1973 Congo, P.R...... 216 Fr. Polynesia...... 261-262 Windsor Fr. So. & Antarctic Terr...... 36 Castle and Gabon...... 258 King Bank George V Emblem — CD130 Ivory Coast ...... 295 Madagascar...... 444 CD301 Mali...... 134-135 African Development Bank, fifth anniv. Mauritania...... 283 Reign of King George V, 25th anniv. 1969 New Caledonia ...... 382 1935 Niger ...... 231-232 Cameroun...... 499 St. Pierre & Miquelon ...... 397-398 Telecommunications Symbols and Map Antigua ...... 77-80 Chad...... 217 Senegal ...... 328-329 of Africa — CD137 Ascension ...... 33-36 Congo, P.R...... 181-182 Tunisia ...... 535 Bahamas ...... 92-95 Ivory Coast ...... 281 Wallis & Futuna Isls...... 173 11th anniversary of the African and Mala- Barbados ...... 186-189 Mali...... 127-128 gasy Posts and Telecommunications Union Basutoland...... 11-14 Mauritania...... 267 De Gaulle (UAMPT). Bechuanaland Protectorate ...... 117-120 Niger ...... 220 1973, Sept. 12 Bermuda...... 100-103 Senegal ...... 317-318 British Guiana...... 223-226 Upper Volta...... 201 Cameroun...... 574 British Honduras...... 108-111 Cent. Africa ...... 194 Cayman Islands...... 81-84 Chad...... 294 Ceylon ...... 260-263 Congo, P.R...... 289 Cyprus ...... 136-139 Dahomey ...... 311 Dominica...... 90-93 Gabon...... 320 Falkland Islands ...... 77-80 Ivory Coast ...... 361 Fiji...... 110-113 Madagascar...... 500 Gambia ...... 125-128 Mauritania...... 304 Gibraltar...... 100-103 CD134 Niger ...... 287 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 33-36 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 40A COMMON DESIGN TYPES

Gold Coast ...... 108-111 Swaziland ...... 24-26 South-West Africa ...... 153-155 U.P.U. Grenada...... 124-127 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 47-49 Swaziland ...... 38-40 Hong Kong ...... 147-150 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 75-77 Zanzibar...... 222-223 Jamaica ...... 109-112 Virgin Islands...... 73-75 164 stamps Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 42-45 Leeward Islands ...... 96-99 The following have different designs but are Malta...... 184-187 included in the omnibus set: Silver Wedding Mauritius...... 204-207 Montserrat ...... 85-88 Great Britain ...... 234 Newfoundland...... 226-229 Offices in Morocco ...... 82, 439, 514 Nigeria ...... 34-37 Canada...... 237 Mercury and Symbols of Northern Rhodesia...... 18-21 Cook Islands ...... 109-111 Communications — CD306 Nyasaland Protectorate...... 47-50 Nauru...... 35-38 St. Helena ...... 111-114 Newfoundland...... 233-243 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 72-75 New Guinea...... 48-51 St. Lucia ...... 91-94 New Zealand ...... 223-225 St. Vincent...... 134-137 Niue ...... 70-72 Seychelles ...... 118-121 Papua ...... 118-121 Sierra Leone...... 166-169 South Africa...... 74-78 Solomon Islands...... 60-63Southern Rhodesia ...... 38-41 King George VI and Queen Somaliland Protectorate...... 77-80 South-West Africa ...... 125-132 Elizabeth Straits Settlements ...... 213-216 202 stamps CD304 CD305 Plane, Ship and Swaziland ...... 20-23 1948-49 Hemispheres — CD307 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 43-46 Peace Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 71-74 Aden ...... 30-31 Virgin Islands...... 69-72 King Kathiri State of Seiyun...... 14-15 George VI Qu’aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla ..... The following have different designs but are and ...... 14-15 included in the omnibus set: Parliament Antigua ...... 98-99 Mercury Buildings, Scattering Ascension...... 52-53 Letters over Great Britain ...... 226-229 London Bahamas ...... 148-149 Offices in Morocco ...... 67-70, 226-229, CD303 Globe Barbados ...... 210-211 CD308 422-425, 508-510 Basutoland...... 39-40 Australia...... 152-154 Return to peace at the close of World War II. Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 147-148 Canada...... 211-216 Bermuda...... 133-134 Cook Islands ...... 98-100 1945-46 British Guiana...... 244-245 India...... 142-148 Nauru...... 31-34 Aden ...... 28-29 British Honduras...... 129-130 New Guinea...... 46-47 Antigua ...... 96-97 Cayman Islands...... 116-117 Cyprus ...... 158-159 U.P.U. New Zealand ...... 199-201 Ascension...... 50-51 Monument, Niue ...... 67-69 Bahamas ...... 130-131 Dominica...... 114-115 Bern Papua ...... 114-117 Barbados ...... 207-208 Falkland Islands ...... 99-100 CD309 Samoa ...... 163-165 Bermuda...... 131-132 Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L11-1L12 British Guiana...... 242-243 Fiji...... 139-140 South Africa...... 68-71 Universal Postal Union, 75th anniversary. Southern Rhodesia ...... 33-36 British Honduras...... 127-128 Gambia...... 146-147 South-West Africa ...... 121-124 Cayman Islands...... 112-113 Gibraltar...... 121-122 1949 Ceylon ...... 293-294 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 54-55 249 stamps Cyprus ...... 156-157Gold Coast ...... 142-143 Aden ...... 32-35 Dominica...... 112-113Grenada...... 145-146 Kathiri State of Seiyun...... 16-19 Coronation Falkland Islands ...... 97-98Hong Kong ...... 178-179 Qu’aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla ..... Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L9-1L10Jamaica ...... 138-139 ...... 16-19 Fiji...... 137-138Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 92-93 Antigua ...... 100-103 Gambia...... 144-145Leeward Islands ...... 118-119 Ascension...... 57-60 Queen Gibraltar...... 119-120Malaya Bahamas ...... 150-153 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 52-53 Barbados ...... 212-215 Elizabeth Johore ...... 128-129 and King Gold Coast ...... 128-129 Basutoland...... 41-44 Grenada...... 143-144 Kedah...... 55-56 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 149-152 George VI Kelantan...... 44-45 CD302 Jamaica ...... 136-137 Bermuda...... 138-141 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 90-91 Malacca...... 1-2 British Guiana...... 246-249 Negri Sembilan ...... 36-37 1937 Leeward Islands ...... 116-117 British Honduras...... 137-140 Malta...... 206-207 Pahang...... 44-45 Brunei ...... 79-82 Aden ...... 13-15 Mauritius...... 223-224 Penang...... 1-2 Cayman Islands...... 118-121 Antigua ...... 81-83 Montserrat ...... 104-105 Perak...... 99-100 Cyprus ...... 160-163 Ascension...... 37-39 Nigeria ...... 71-72 Perlis ...... 1-2 Dominica...... 116-119 Bahamas ...... 97-99 Northern Rhodesia...... 46-47 Selangor...... 74-75 Falkland Islands ...... 103-106 Barbados ...... 190-192 Nyasaland Protectorate...... 82-83 Trengganu ...... 47-48 Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L14-1L17 Basutoland...... 15-17 Pitcairn Island...... 9-10Malta...... 223-224 Fiji...... 141-144 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 121-123 St. Helena ...... 128-129Mauritius...... 229-230 Gambia...... 148-151 Bermuda...... 115-117 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 91-92Montserrat ...... 106-107 Gibraltar...... 123-126 British Guiana...... 227-229 St. Lucia ...... 127-128Nigeria ...... 73-74 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 56-59 British Honduras...... 112-114 St. Vincent...... 152-153North Borneo...... 238-239 Gold Coast ...... 144-147 Cayman Islands...... 97-99 Seychelles ...... 149-150Northern Rhodesia...... 48-49 Grenada...... 147-150 Ceylon ...... 275-277 Sierra Leone...... 186-187Nyasaland Protectorate...... 85-86 Hong Kong ...... 180-183 Cyprus ...... 140-142 Solomon Islands...... 80-81Pitcairn Island...... 11-12 Jamaica ...... 142-145 Dominica...... 94-96 Somaliland Protectorate...... 108-109St. Helena ...... 130-131 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 94-97 Falkland Islands ...... 81-83 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 62-63St. Kitts-Nevis...... 93-94 Leeward Islands ...... 126-129 Fiji...... 114-116 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 90-91St. Lucia ...... 129-130 Malaya Gambia...... 129-131 Virgin Islands...... 88-89St. Vincent...... 154-155 Johore ...... 151-154 Gibraltar...... 104-106 Sarawak...... 174-175 Kedah...... 57-60 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 37-39 The following have different designs but are Seychelles ...... 151-152 Kelantan...... 46-49 Gold Coast ...... 112-114 included in the omnibus set: Sierra Leone...... 188-189 Malacca...... 18-21 Grenada...... 128-130 Singapore ...... 21-22 Negri Sembilan ...... 59-62 Hong Kong ...... 151-153 Great Britain ...... 264-265Solomon Islands...... 82-83 Pahang...... 46-49 Jamaica ...... 113-115 Offices in Morocco ...... 523-524Somaliland Protectorate...... 110-111 Penang...... 23-26 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 60-62 Aden Swaziland ...... 48-49 Perak...... 101-104 Leeward Islands ...... 100-102 Kathiri State of Seiyun...... 12-13Trinidad & Tobago ...... 64-65 Perlis ...... 3-6 Malta...... 188-190 Qu’aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla .....Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 92-93 Selangor...... 76-79 Mauritius...... 208-210 ...... 12-13Virgin Islands...... 90-91 Trengganu ...... 49-52 Montserrat ...... 89-91 Australia...... 200-202 Malta...... 225-228 Newfoundland...... 230-232 Basutoland...... 29-31Zanzibar...... 224-225 Mauritius...... 231-234 Nigeria ...... 50-52 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 137-139 Montserrat ...... 108-111 Northern Rhodesia...... 22-24 Burma...... 66-69The following have different designs but are New Hebrides, British ...... 62-65 Nyasaland Protectorate...... 51-53 Cook Islands ...... 127-130included in the omnibus set: New Hebrides, French ...... 79-82 St. Helena ...... 115-117 Hong Kong ...... 174-175 Nigeria ...... 75-78 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 76-78 India...... 195-198Great Britain ...... 267-268 North Borneo...... 240-243 St. Lucia ...... 107-109 Hyderabad ...... 51 Offices in Morocco..... 93-94, 525-526 Northern Rhodesia...... 50-53 St. Vincent...... 138-140 New Zealand ...... 247-257Bahrain ...... 62-63 Nyasaland Protectorate...... 87-90 Seychelles ...... 122-124 Niue ...... 90-93Kuwait...... 82-83 Pitcairn Islands...... 13-16 Sierra Leone...... 170-172 Pakistan-Bahawalpur...... O16Oman...... 25-26 St. Helena ...... 132-135 Solomon Islands...... 64-66 Samoa ...... 191-194South Africa...... 106 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 95-98 Somaliland Protectorate...... 81-83 South Africa...... 100-102South-West Africa ...... 159 St. Lucia ...... 131-134 Straits Settlements ...... 235-237 Southern Rhodesia ...... 67-70138 stamps St. Vincent...... 170-173 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 41A

Sarawak...... 176-179 Cyprus ...... 167Federation of the West Indies, April 22, Malta...... 292-293 Seychelles ...... 153-156 Dominica...... 141 1958. Mauritius...... 271-272 Sierra Leone...... 190-193 Falkland Islands ...... 121 1958 Montserrat ...... 151-152 Singapore ...... 23-26 Falkland Islands Dependencies ....1L18 New Hebrides, British ...... 94-95 Solomon Islands...... 84-87 Fiji...... 145 Antigua ...... 122-124 Pitcairn Islands...... 36-37 Somaliland Protectorate ...... 112-115 Gambia...... 152 Barbados ...... 248-250 St. Helena ...... 174-175 Southern Rhodesia ...... 71-72 Gibraltar...... 131 Dominica...... 161-163 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 143-144 Swaziland ...... 50-53 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 60 Grenada...... 184-186 St. Lucia ...... 180-181 Tonga...... 87-90 Gold Coast ...... 160 Jamaica ...... 175-177 St. Vincent...... 202-203 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 66-69 Grenada...... 170 Montserrat ...... 143-145 Seychelles ...... 214-215 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 101-104 Hong Kong ...... 184 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 136-138 Solomon Islands...... 110-111 Virgin Islands...... 92-95 Jamaica ...... 153 St. Lucia ...... 170-172 South Arabia ...... 1-2 Zanzibar...... 226-229 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 101 St. Vincent...... 198-200 Leeward Islands ...... 132 Swaziland ...... 109-110 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 86-88 Tonga...... 134-135 The following have different designs but are Malaya 30 stamps included in the omnibus set: Johore ...... 155 Tristan da Cunha...... 69-70 Kedah...... 82 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 139-140 Great Britain ...... 276-279 Kelantan ...... 71 Freedom from Hunger Virgin Islands...... 141-142 Offices in Morocco...... 546-549 Malacca...... 27 70 stamps Australia...... 223 Negri Sembilan ...... 63 Bahrain ...... 68-71 Pahang...... 71 Shakespeare Burma...... 116-121 Penang...... 27 Ceylon ...... 304-306 Perak...... 126 Egypt ...... 281-283 Perlis ...... 28 India...... 223-226 Selangor...... 101 Protein Food Kuwait...... 89-92 Trengganu ...... 74 CD314 Oman...... 31-34 Malta...... 241 Pakistan-Bahawalpur 26-29, O25-O28 Mauritius...... 250 U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization’s South Africa...... 109-111 Montserrat ...... 127 “Freedom from Hunger” campaign. South-West Africa ...... 160-162 New Hebrides, British ...... 77 1963 319 stamps Nigeria ...... 79 Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, North Borneo...... 260 Aden ...... 65 Northern Rhodesia...... 60 Stratford-on-Avon — CD316 University Antigua ...... 133 Nyasaland Protectorate...... 96 Ascension ...... 89 Pitcairn ...... 19 400th anniversary of the birth of William Bahamas ...... 180 Shakespeare. St. Helena ...... 139 Basutoland...... 83 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 119 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 194 1964 St. Lucia ...... 156 Bermuda...... 192 St. Vincent...... 185 British Guiana...... 271 Antigua ...... 151 Sarawak...... 196 British Honduras...... 179 Bahamas ...... 201 Seychelles ...... 172 Brunei ...... 100 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 197 Sierra Leone...... 194 Cayman Islands...... 168 Cayman Islands...... 171 Singapore ...... 27 Dominica...... 181 Dominica...... 184 Solomon Islands...... 88 Falkland Islands ...... 146 Falkland Islands ...... 149 Somaliland Protectorate ...... 127 Fiji...... 198 Gambia ...... 192 Swaziland ...... 54 Gambia ...... 172 Gibraltar...... 164 Arms of Alice, Princess Trinidad & Tobago ...... 84 Gibraltar...... 161 Montserrat ...... 153 University of Athlone Tristan da Cunha...... 13 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 76 St. Lucia ...... 196 College CD311 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 118 Grenada...... 190 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 141 CD310 Virgin Islands...... 114 Hong Kong ...... 218 Virgin Islands...... 143 Malta...... 291 12 stamps 1948 opening of University College of the The following have different designs but are Mauritius...... 270 West Indies at Jamaica. included in the omnibus set: Montserrat ...... 150 New Hebrides, British ...... 93 ITU 1951 Great Britain ...... 313-316 North Borneo...... 296 Offices in Morocco...... 579-582 Pitcairn ...... 35 Antigua ...... 104-105 Australia...... 259-261 St. Helena ...... 173 Barbados ...... 228-229 Bahrain ...... 92-95 St. Lucia ...... 179 British Guiana...... 250-251 Canada ...... 330 St. Vincent...... 201 British Honduras...... 141-142 Ceylon ...... 317 Sarawak...... 212 ITU Dominica...... 120-121 Seychelles ...... 213 Grenada...... 164-165 Cook Islands ...... 145-146 Emblem Kuwait...... 113-116 Solomon Islands...... 109 CD317 Jamaica ...... 146-147 Swaziland ...... 108 Leeward Islands ...... 130-131 New Zealand ...... 280-284 Niue ...... 104-105 Tonga...... 127 Intl. Telecommunication Union, cent. Montserrat ...... 112-113 Tristan da Cunha...... 68 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 105-106 Oman...... 52-55 Samoa ...... 214-215 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 138 1965 St. Lucia ...... 149-150 Virgin Islands...... 140 St. Vincent...... 174-175 South Africa...... 192 Southern Rhodesia ...... 80 Zanzibar...... 280 Antigua ...... 153-154 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 70-71 Ascension ...... 92-93 Virgin Islands...... 96-97 South-West Africa ...... 244-248 37 stamps Tokelau Islands...... 4 Bahamas ...... 219-220 28 stamps Barbados ...... 265-266 106 stamps Red Cross Centenary Basutoland...... 101-102 Coronation Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 202-203 Royal Visit 1953 Bermuda...... 196-197 Separate designs for each country for the British Guiana...... 293-294 visit of Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of British Honduras...... 187-188 Edinburgh. Red Cross and Brunei ...... 116-117 1953 Elizabeth Cayman Islands...... 172-173 II Dominica...... 185-186 Aden ...... 62 CD315 Falkland Islands ...... 154-155 Australia...... 267-269 Fiji...... 211-212 Bermuda...... 163 1963 Gibraltar...... 167-168 Queen Elizabeth Ceylon ...... 318 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 87-88 II — CD312 Fiji...... 146 Antigua ...... 134-135 Grenada...... 205-206 Gibraltar...... 146 Ascension ...... 90-91 Hong Kong ...... 221-222 1953 Jamaica ...... 154 Bahamas ...... 183-184 Mauritius...... 291-292 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika ...... 102 Basutoland...... 84-85 Montserrat ...... 157-158 Aden ...... 47Malta...... 242 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 195-196 New Hebrides, British ...... 108-109 Kathiri State of Seiyun...... 28New Zealand ...... 286-287 Bermuda...... 193-194 Pitcairn Islands...... 52-53 Qu’aiti State of Shihr and Mukalla .....13 stamps British Guiana...... 272-273 St. Helena ...... 180-181 ...... 28 British Honduras...... 180-181 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 163-164 Antigua ...... 106 Cayman Islands...... 169-170 West Indies Federation St. Lucia ...... 197-198 Ascension ...... 61 Dominica...... 182-183 St. Vincent...... 224-225 Bahamas ...... 157 Falkland Islands ...... 147-148 Seychelles ...... 218-219 Barbados ...... 234 Fiji...... 203-204 Basutoland...... 45 Gambia ...... 173-174 Solomon Islands...... 126-127 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 153 Gibraltar...... 162-163 Swaziland ...... 115-116 Bermuda...... 142 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 77-78 Tristan da Cunha...... 85-86 British Guiana...... 252 Map of the Grenada...... 191-192 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 142-143 British Honduras...... 143 Caribbean Hong Kong ...... 219-220 Virgin Islands...... 159-160 Cayman Islands...... 150 CD313 Jamaica ...... 203-204 64 stamps Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 42A COMMON DESIGN TYPES

Intl. Cooperation Year Royal Visit, 1966 St. Vincent...... 247-248 Tristan da Cunha...... 178-179 Seychelles ...... 228-229 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 257-258 Solomon Islands...... 169-170 Virgin Islands...... 241-242 Queen South Arabia ...... 25-26 60 stamps Elizabeth Tristan da Cunha...... 99-100 II and 46 stamps Princess Anne’s Wedding ICY Prince Emblem Philip UNESCO Anniversary CD318 CD320

1965 Caribbean visit, Feb. 4 - Mar. 6, 1966. Antigua ...... 155-156 1966 Ascension...... 94-95 Antigua ...... 161-162 Bahamas ...... 222-223 Bahamas ...... 228-229 Basutoland...... 103-104 Barbados ...... 285-286 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 204-205 British Guiana...... 299-300 Bermuda...... 199-200 Cayman Islands...... 180-181 “Education” — CD323 British Guiana...... 295-296 Dominica...... 193-194 Princess Anne British Honduras...... 189-190 Grenada...... 213-214 and Mark Brunei ...... 118-119 “Science” (Wheat ears & flask enclosing Phillips — CD325 Montserrat ...... 182-183 globe). “Culture” (lyre & columns). 20th anni- Cayman Islands...... 174-175 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 171-172 versary of the UNESCO. Dominica...... 187-188 St. Lucia ...... 205-206 Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phil- Falkland Islands ...... 156-157 St. Vincent...... 245-246 1966-67 lips, Nov. 14, 1973. Fiji...... 213-214 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 150-151 Antigua ...... 183-185 1973 Gibraltar...... 169-170 Virgin Islands...... 167-168 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 104-105 Ascension...... 108-110 26 stamps Bahamas ...... 249-251 Anguilla...... 179-180 Grenada...... 207-208 Ascension...... 177-178 Hong Kong ...... 223-224 Barbados ...... 287-289 Bermuda...... 207-209 Belize...... 325-326 Mauritius...... 293-294 World Cup Soccer Bermuda...... 302-303 Montserrat ...... 176-177 Brunei ...... 128-130 Cayman Islands...... 186-188 British Antarctic Territory...... 60-61 New Hebrides, British ...... 110-111 Cayman Islands...... 320-321 New Hebrides, French ...... 126-127 Dominica...... 199-201 Gibraltar...... 183-185 Falkland Islands ...... 225-226 Pitcairn Islands...... 54-55 Soccer Gibraltar...... 305-306 St. Helena ...... 182-183 Player Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 129-131 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 216-217 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 165-166 and Jules Grenada...... 234-236 Hong Kong ...... 289-290 St. Lucia ...... 199-200 Rimet Hong Kong ...... 231-233 Montserrat ...... 300-301 Seychelles ...... 220-221 Cup Mauritius...... 299-301 Pitcairn Island...... 135-136 Solomon Islands...... 143-144CD321 Montserrat ...... 186-188 St. Helena ...... 277-278 South Arabia ...... 17-18 New Hebrides, British ...... 120-122 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 274-275 Swaziland ...... 117-118 World Cup Soccer Championship, Wem- New Hebrides, French ...... 136-138 St. Lucia ...... 349-350 Tristan da Cunha...... 87-88 bley, England, July 11-30. Pitcairn Islands...... 64-66 St. Vincent...... 358-359 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 144-145 St. Helena ...... 192-194 St. Vincent Grenadines ...... 1-2 Virgin Islands...... 161-162 1966 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 179-181 Seychelles ...... 311-312 St. Lucia ...... 211-213 64 stamps Antigua ...... 163-164 Solomon Islands...... 259-260 St. Vincent...... 249-251 South Georgia ...... 37-38 Ascension ...... 100-101 Seychelles ...... 230-232 Churchill Memorial Bahamas ...... 245-246 Tristan da Cunha...... 189-190 Solomon Islands...... 171-173 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 286-287 Bermuda...... 205-206 South Arabia ...... 27-29 Winston Brunei ...... 124-125 Virgin Islands...... 260-261 Cayman Islands...... 182-183 Swaziland ...... 123-125 Churchill Tristan da Cunha...... 101-103 44 stamps and St. Dominica...... 195-196 Fiji...... 219-220 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 155-157 Paul’s, Virgin Islands...... 176-178 Elizabeth II Coronation Anniv. London, Gibraltar...... 175-176 During Air Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 125-126 84 stamps Attack Grenada...... 230-231 CD319 New Hebrides, British ...... 116-117 Silver Wedding, 1972 New Hebrides, French ...... 132-133 1966 Pitcairn Islands...... 60-61 St. Helena ...... 188-189 Antigua ...... 157-160 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 173-174 Ascension ...... 96-99 St. Lucia ...... 207-208 Bahamas ...... 224-227 Seychelles ...... 226-227 Barbados ...... 281-284 Solomon Islands...... 167-168 Basutoland...... 105-108 South Arabia ...... 23-24 Bechuanaland Protectorate...... 206-209 Tristan da Cunha...... 93-94 Bermuda...... 201-204 42 stamps CD326 CD327 British Antarctic Territory ...... 16-19 British Honduras...... 191-194 Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Brunei ...... 120-123 WHO Headquarters Philip — CD324 Cayman Islands...... 176-179 Dominica...... 189-192 Designs: borders differ for each country. Falkland Islands ...... 158-161 Fiji...... 215-218 1972 Gibraltar...... 171-174 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 106-109 Anguilla...... 161-162 Grenada...... 209-212 Antigua ...... 295-296 Hong Kong ...... 225-228 Ascension ...... 164-165 Mauritius...... 295-298 Bahamas ...... 344-345 Montserrat ...... 178-181 World Health Organization Bermuda...... 296-297 CD328 New Hebrides, British ...... 112-115 Headquarters, Geneva — CD322 British Antarctic Territory ...... 43-44 New Hebrides, French ...... 128-131 British Honduras...... 306-307 Designs: Royal and local beasts in heraldic Pitcairn Islands...... 56-59 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 48-49 form and simulated stonework. Portrait of Eliz- 1966 Brunei ...... 186-187 abeth II by Peter Grugeon. 25th anniversary of St. Helena ...... 184-187 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. St. Kitts-Nevis...... 167-170 Antigua ...... 165-166 Cayman Islands...... 304-305 St. Lucia ...... 201-204 Ascension ...... 102-103 Dominica...... 352-353 1978 St. Vincent...... 241-244 Bahamas ...... 247-248 Falkland Islands ...... 223-224 Seychelles ...... 222-225 Brunei ...... 126-127 Fiji...... 328-329 Ascension ...... 229 Solomon Islands...... 145-148 Cayman Islands...... 184-185 Gibraltar...... 292-293 Barbados ...... 474 South Arabia ...... 19-22 Dominica...... 197-198 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 206-207 Belize...... 397 Swaziland ...... 119-122 Fiji...... 224-225 Grenada...... 466-467 British Antarctic Territory ...... 71 Tristan da Cunha...... 89-92 Gibraltar...... 180-181 Hong Kong ...... 271-272 Cayman Islands...... 404 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 146-149 Gilbert & Ellice Islands...... 127-128 Montserrat ...... 286-287 Christmas Island ...... 87 Virgin Islands...... 163-166 Grenada...... 232-233 New Hebrides, British ...... 169-170 Falkland Islands ...... 275 Pitcairn Islands...... 127-128 136 stamps Hong Kong ...... 229-230 Fiji...... 384 Montserrat ...... 184-185 St. Helena ...... 271-272 Gambia ...... 380 New Hebrides, British ...... 118-119 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 257-258 Gilbert Islands ...... 312 New Hebrides, French ...... 134-135 St. Lucia ...... 328-329 Mauritius...... 464 Pitcairn Islands...... 62-63 St.Vincent ...... 344-345 New Hebrides, British ...... 258 St. Helena ...... 190-191 Seychelles ...... 309-310 St. Helena ...... 317 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 177-178 Solomon Islands...... 248-249 St. Kitts-Nevis...... 354 St. Lucia ...... 209-210 South Georgia ...... 35-36 Samoa ...... 472 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 43A

Solomon Islands...... 368 Princess Diana Queen Mother 85th Birthday Seychelles ...... 602-603 South Georgia ...... 51 Solomon Islands...... 567-568 Swaziland ...... 302 Tristan da Cunha...... 397-398 Tristan da Cunha...... 238 Zambia...... 348-349 Virgin Islands...... 337 Zil Elwannyen Sesel...... 119-120 20 sheets Queen Elizabeth II, 60th Birthday Queen Mother Elizabeth’s 80th Birthday

CD332 CD336

Designs: Photographs tracing the life of the Queen Mother, Elizabeth. The high value in each set pictures the same photograph taken of the Queen Mother holding the infant Prince Queen Elizabeth II Henry. & Prince Philip, CD330 1947 Wedding 1985 Portrait — CD339 Designs: Photographs of Queen Mother Elizabeth. Falkland Islands issued in sheets of Ascension ...... 372-376 50; others in sheets of 9. Bahamas ...... 580-584 Designs: Photographs tracing the life of Barbados ...... 660-664 Queen Elizabeth II. 1980 Bermuda ...... 469-473 CD333 1986 Ascension ...... 261 Falkland Islands ...... 420-424 Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L92-1L96 Anguilla...... 674-677 Bermuda ...... 401 Designs: Photographs and portrait of Prin- Cayman Islands...... 443 Fiji ...... 531-535 Antigua ...... 925-928 cess Diana, wedding or honeymoon photo- Barbuda ...... 783-786 Falkland Islands ...... 305 graphs, royal residences, arms of issuing Hong Kong ...... 447-450 Gambia ...... 412 country. Portrait photograph by Clive Friend. Jamaica ...... 599-603 Dominica...... 950-953 Gibraltar...... 393 Souvenir sheet margins show family tree, vari- Mauritius ...... 604-608 Gambia ...... 611-614 ous people related to the princess. 21st birth- Norfolk Island ...... 364-368 Grenada...... 1371-1374 Hong Kong ...... 364 day of Princess Diana of Wales, July 1. Pitcairn Islands ...... 193 Pitcairn Islands ...... 253-257 Grenada Grenadines ...... 749-752 St. Helena ...... 428-432 Lesotho...... 531-534 St. Helena ...... 341 1982 Samoa ...... 532 Samoa ...... 649-653 Maldive Islands...... 1172-1175 Solomon Islands...... 426 Antigua ...... 663-666 Seychelles ...... 567-571 Sierra Leone...... 760-763 Tristan da Cunha ...... 277 Ascension ...... 313-316 Solomon Islands...... 543-547 Uganda ...... 495-498 Bahamas ...... 510-513 Swaziland ...... 476-480 12 stamps Royal Wedding, 1986 Barbados ...... 585-588 Tristan da Cunha ...... 372-376 Vanuatu ...... 392-396 Barbuda ...... 544-546 Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 101-105 Royal Wedding, 1981 British Antarctic Territory ...... 92-95 Cayman Islands...... 486-489 Queen Elizabeth II, 60th Birthday Dominica...... 773-776 Falkland Islands ...... 348-351 Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L72-1L75 Fiji ...... 470-473 Gambia ...... 447-450 Grenada...... 1101A-1105 Grenada Grenadines ...... 485-491 Lesotho...... 372-375 Prince Charles Maldive Islands...... 952-955 CD340 and Lady Mauritius ...... 548-551 Diana — CD331 Pitcairn Islands ...... 213-216 CD337 Designs: Photographs of Prince Andrew St. Helena ...... 372-375 and Sarah Ferguson during courtship, Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and St. Lucia ...... 591-594 engagement and marriage. Lady Diana Spencer, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Sierra Leone ...... 531-534 1986, April 21 London, July 29, 1981. 1986 Solomon Islands ...... 471-474 Ascension ...... 389-393 1981 Swaziland ...... 406-409 Bahamas ...... 592-596 Antigua ...... 939-942 Tristan da Cunha ...... 310-313 Barbados ...... 675-679 Barbuda ...... 809-812 Antigua ...... 623-625 Turks and Caicos Islands ...... 530A-534 Bermuda ...... 499-503 Dominica...... 970-973 Ascension ...... 294-296 Virgin Islands ...... 430-433 Cayman Islands...... 555-559 Gambia ...... 635-638 Barbados ...... 547-549 Falkland Islands ...... 441-445 Grenada...... 1385-1388 Barbuda ...... 497-499 250th anniv. of first edition of Fiji ...... 544-548 Grenada Grenadines ...... 758-761 Bermuda ...... 412-414 Lloyd’s List (shipping news Hong Kong ...... 465-469 Lesotho...... 545-548 Brunei ...... 268-270 publication) & of Lloyd’s marine Jamaica ...... 620-624 Maldive Islands ...... 1181-1184 Cayman Islands...... 471-473 insurance. Kiribati ...... 470-474 Sierra Leone ...... 769-772 Dominica...... 701-703 Mauritius ...... 629-633 Uganda ...... 510-513 Falkland Islands ...... 324-326 Papua New Guinea ...... 640-644 Falkland Islands Dep...... 1L59-1L61 Pitcairn Islands ...... 270-274 Lloyds of London, 300th Anniv. Fiji ...... 442-444 St. Helena ...... 451-455 Gambia ...... 426-428 Samoa ...... 670-674 Ghana...... 759-761 Seychelles ...... 592-596 Grenada...... 1051-1053 Solomon Islands ...... 562-566 Grenada Grenadines ...... 440-443 South Georgia ...... 101-105 Hong Kong ...... 373-375 Swaziland ...... 490-494 Jamaica ...... 500-503 Tristan da Cunha ...... 388-392 Lesotho...... 335-337 Vanuatu ...... 414-418 Maldive Islands ...... 906-908 CD335 Zambia...... 343-347 Mauritius ...... 520-522 Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 114-118 Norfolk Island ...... 280-282 Designs: First page of early edition of the Pitcairn Islands ...... 206-208 list; historical ships, modern transportation or Royal Wedding St. Helena ...... 353-355 harbor scenes. CD341 St. Lucia ...... 543-545 Samoa ...... 558-560 1984 Designs: 17th century aspects of Lloyds, Sierra Leone ...... 509-517 representations of each country’s individual Ascension ...... 351-354 connections with Lloyds and publicized disas- Solomon Islands ...... 450-452 Bahamas ...... 555-558 Swaziland ...... 382-384 ters insured by the organization. Barbados ...... 627-630 Marriage of Prince Tristan da Cunha ...... 294-296 Andrew and Sarah 1986 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 486-488 Cayes of Belize ...... 10-13 Cayman Islands ...... 522-525 Ferguson Caicos Island ...... 8-10 CD338 Ascension ...... 454-457 Uganda ...... 314-316 Falkland Islands ...... 404-407 Bahamas ...... 655-658 Fiji ...... 509-512 Vanuatu ...... 308-310 1986, July 23 Barbados ...... 731-734 Virgin Islands ...... 406-408 Gambia ...... 519-522 Bermuda ...... 541-544 Mauritius ...... 587-590 Ascension ...... 399-400 Falkland Islands ...... 481-484 Nauru...... 280-283 Bahamas ...... 602-603 Liberia...... 1101-1104 St. Helena ...... 412-415 Barbados ...... 687-688 Malawi ...... 534-537 Samoa ...... 624-627 Cayman Islands ...... 560-561 Nevis...... 571-574 Seychelles ...... 538-541 Jamaica ...... 629-630 St. Helena ...... 501-504 Solomon Islands ...... 521-524 Pitcairn Islands ...... 275-276 St. Lucia ...... 923-926 Vanuatu ...... 368-371 St. Helena ...... 460-461 Seychelles ...... 649-652 Virgin Islands ...... 466-469 St. Kitts ...... 181-182 Solomon Islands ...... 627-630 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 44A COMMON DESIGN TYPES

South Georgia ...... 131-134 Lesotho...... 881-885 Trinidad & Tobago ...... 484-487 Maldive Islands...... 1637-1642 Tristan da Cunha...... 439-442 Nevis...... 702-707 Vanuatu ...... 485-488 St. Vincent...... 1582-1587 Zil Elwannyen Sesel...... 146-149 St. Vincent Grenadines ...... 829-834 Sierra Leone...... 1482-1487 Moon Landing, 20th Anniv. Turks and Caicos Islands...... 978-987 Uganda...... 990-995 Virgin Islands...... 742-746

CD346 1992 - CD349

Designs: Portraits of Queen Elizabeth II and Ascension Islands ...... 531-535 Prince Philip differ for each country. Printed in Bahamas ...... 744-748 sheets of 10 + 5 labels (3 different) between. Bermuda...... 623-627 Stamps alternate, producing 5 different British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 119- triptychs. 123 1991 Cayman Islands...... 648-652 Falkland Islands ...... 549-553 Ascension Is...... 505-506 Gibraltar...... 605-609 Bahamas ...... 730-731 Hong Kong ...... 619-623 CD352 CD342 Belize...... 969-970 Kenya...... 563-567 Bermuda...... 617-618 Kiribati ...... 582-586 1995 Kiribati ...... 571-572 Pitcairn Islands...... 362-366 Designs: Equipment, crew photographs, Ascension ...... 613-617 spacecraft, official emblems and report Mauritius...... 733-734 St. Helena ...... 570-574 profiles created for the Apollo Missions. Two Pitcairn Islands...... 348-349 St. Kitts...... 332-336 Bahamas ...... 824-828 stamps in each set are square in format rather St. Helena ...... 554-555 Samoa ...... 805-809 Barbados ...... 891-895 than like the stamp shown; see individual St. Kitts...... 318-319 Seychelles ...... 734-738 Belize...... 1047-1050 country listings for more information. Samoa ...... 790-791 Solomon Islands...... 708-712 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 163- South Georgia ...... 157-161 167 1989 Seychelles ...... 723-724 Solomon Islands...... 688-689 Tristan da Cunha...... 508-512 Cayman Islands...... 704-708 Ascension Is...... 468-472 South Georgia ...... 149-150Vanuatu ...... 555-559 Falkland Islands ...... 634-638 Bahamas ...... 674-678 Swaziland ...... 586-587 Zambia...... 561-565 Fiji...... 720-724 Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 183-187 Belize...... 916-920 Vanuatu ...... 540-541 Kiribati ...... 662-668 Kiribati ...... 517-521 Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 177-178 Liberia...... 1175-1179 Royal Air Force, 75th Anniversary Mauritius...... 803-805 Liberia...... 1125-1129 Royal Family Birthday, Anniversary Nevis...... 586-590 St. Helena ...... 646-654 St. Kitts...... 248-252 St. Kitts...... 389-393 Samoa ...... 760-764 St. Lucia ...... 1018-1022 Seychelles ...... 676-680 Samoa ...... 890-894 Solomon Islands...... 643-647 Solomon Islands...... 799-803 Vanuatu ...... 507-511 South Georgia & S. Sandwich Is...... Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 154-158 ...... 198-200 CD350 Tristan da Cunha...... 562-566 Queen Mother, 90th Birthday CD347 1993 UN, 50th Anniv. Queen Elizabeth II, 65th birthday, Charles and Diana, 10th wedding anniversary: Various Ascension ...... 557-561 photographs of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Bahamas ...... 771-775 Philip, Prince Charles, Princess Diana and Barbados ...... 842-846 their sons William and Henry. Belize...... 1003-1008 Bermuda...... 648-651 1991 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 136- Antigua ...... 1446-1455 140 Barbuda ...... 1229-1238 Falkland Is...... 573-577 CD353 Dominica...... 1328-1337 Fiji...... 687-691 Montserrat ...... 830-834 Gambia ...... 1080-1089 1995 Grenada...... 2006-2015 St. Kitts...... 351-355 CD343 CD344 Grenada Grenadines...... 1331-1340 Bahamas ...... 839-842 Guyana ...... 2440-2451 Royal Air Force, 80th Anniv. Barbados ...... 901-904 Designs: Portraits of Queen Elizabeth, the Lesotho...... 871-875 Belize...... 1055-1058 Queen Mother. See individual country listings Maldive Islands...... 1533-1542 for more information. Jamaica ...... 847-851 Nevis...... 666-675 Liberia...... 1187-1190 1990 St. Vincent ...... 1485-1494 Mauritius...... 813-816 St. Vincent Grenadines ...... 769-778 Pitcairn Islands...... 436-439 Ascension Is...... 491-492 Sierra Leone...... 1387-1396 St. Kitts...... 398-401 Bahamas ...... 698-699 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 913-922 St. Lucia ...... 1023-1026 Barbados ...... 782-783 Uganda ...... 918-927 Samoa ...... 900-903 British Antarctic Territory ...... 170-171 Queen Elizabeth II’s Accession to Design CD350 Re-inscribed Tristan da Cunha...... 568-571 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 106- Virgin Islands...... 807-810 107 the Throne, 40th Anniv. 1998 Cayman Islands...... 622-623 Queen Elizabeth, 70th Birthday Falkland Islands ...... 524-525 Ascension ...... 697-701 Kenya...... 527-528 Bahamas ...... 907-911 Kiribati ...... 555-556 British Indian Ocean Terr ...... 198-202 Liberia...... 1145-1146 Cayman Islands...... 754-758 Pitcairn Islands...... 336-337 Fiji...... 814-818 St. Helena ...... 532-533 Gibraltar...... 755-759 Samoa ...... 957-961 St. Lucia ...... 969-970 CD348 Seychelles ...... 710-711 Turks & Caicos Islands ...... 1258-1265 Solomon Islands...... 671-672 Tuvalu ...... 763-767 South Georgia ...... 143-144 Virgin Islands...... 879-883 Swaziland ...... 565-566 Tristan da Cunha...... 480-481 End of World War II, 50th Anniv. Zil Elwannyen Sesel ...... 171-172 CD354 Queen Elizabeth II, 65th Birthday, 1996 and Prince Philip, 70th Birthday CD349 Ascension ...... 632-635 Various photographs of Queen Elizabeth II British Antarctic Territory ...... 240-243 with local Scenes. British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 176- CD351 180 1992 - CD348 Falkland Islands ...... 653-657 Antigua ...... 1513-1518 Pitcairn Islands...... 446-449 Barbuda ...... 1306-1309 St. Helena ...... 672-676 Dominica...... 1414-1419 Samoa ...... 912-916 Gambia ...... 1172-1177 Tokelau ...... 223-227 Grenada...... 2047-2052 Tristan da Cunha...... 576-579 CD345 Grenada Grenadines...... 1368-1373 Virgin Islands...... 824-828 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. COMMON DESIGN TYPES 45A

Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-97) Fiji...... 853-857 Niuafo’ou...... 239 Prince William, 21st Birthday Jamaica ...... 889-893 Tristan da Cunha...... 706-710 Kirbati ...... 746-750 Virgin Islands...... 967-971 Nauru...... 465-469 St. Kitts...... 460-464 Queen Mother Elizabeth (1900-2002) Samoa ...... 973-977 Solomon Islands...... 875-879 Tuvalu ...... 800-804 Virgin Islands...... 910-914 Queen Mother’s Century CD364 CD355 2003 1998 Ascension...... 826 Ascension...... 696 CD361 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 265 Bahamas ...... 901A-902 Cayman Islands...... 882-884 Barbados ...... 950 2002 Falkland Islands ...... 829 Belize...... 1091 South Georgia & South Sandwich Bermuda...... 753 Ascension...... 799-801 Islands ...... 295 Botswana...... 659-663 CD358 Bahamas ...... 1044-1046 Tokelau ...... 323 British Antarctic Territory...... 258 Bermuda...... 834-836 Tristan da Cunha...... 735 British Antarctic Territory...... 312-314 British Indian Ocean Terr...... 197 1999 Virgin Islands...... 1007-1009 Cayman Islands...... 752A-753 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 245- Falkland Islands ...... 694 Ascension...... 736-740 247 Fiji...... 819-820 Bahamas ...... 951-955 Cayman Islands...... 857-861 Gibraltar...... 754 Cayman Islands...... 782-786 Falkland Islands ...... 812-816 Kiribati ...... 719A-720 Falkland Islands ...... 734-738 Nauru...... 499-501 Namibia ...... 909 Fiji...... 858-862 Pitcairn Islands...... 561-565 Niue ...... 706 Norfolk Island ...... 688-692 St. Helena ...... 808-812 Norfolk Island ...... 644-645 St. Helena ...... 740-744 St. Lucia ...... 1155-1159 Papua New Guinea ...... 937 Samoa ...... 978-982 Seychelles ...... 830 Pitcairn Islands...... 487 Solomon Islands...... 880-884 Solomon Islands...... 945-947 St. Helena ...... 711 South Georgia & South South Georgia & So. Sandwich Isls. .... St. Kitts...... 437A-438 Sandwich Islands ...... 231-235 ...... 281-285 Samoa ...... 955A-956 Tristan da Cunha...... 638-642 Tokelau ...... 312-314 Seycelles ...... 802 Tuvalu ...... 805-809 Tristan da Cunha...... 715-717 Solomon Islands...... 866-867 Virgin Islands...... 979-983 South Georgia & S. Sandwich Islands Prince William, 18th Birthday ...... 220 Head of Queen Elizabeth II Tokelau ...... 253 Tonga...... 980 Niuafo’ou...... 201 Tristan da Cunha...... 618 Tuvalu ...... 762 Vanuatu ...... 719 Virgin Islands...... 878 Wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones CD359 CD362

2000 2003 Ascension...... 755-759 Ascension...... 822 Cayman Islands...... 797-801 Bermuda...... 865 Falkland Islands ...... 762-766 British Antarctic Territory...... 322 Fiji...... 889-893 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 261 South Georgia ...... 257-261 Cayman Islands...... 878 and South Sandwich Islands Falkland Islands ...... 828 Tristan da Cunha...... 664-668 St. Helena ...... 820 Virgin Islands...... 925-929 South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands ...... 294 Reign of Queen Elizabeth II, 50th Tristan da Cunha...... 731 CD356 Anniv. Virgin Islands...... 1003

1999 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, Ascension...... 729-730 50th Anniv. Cayman Islands...... 775-776 Falkland Islands ...... 729-730 Pitcairn Islands...... 505-506 St. Helena ...... 733-734 Samoa ...... 971-972 Tristan da Cunha...... 636-637 CD360 Virgin Islands...... 908-909 2002 1st Manned Moon Landing, 30th CD363 Anniv. Ascension...... 790-794 Bahamas ...... 1033-1037 2003 Barbados ...... 1019-1023 Belize...... 1152-1156 Ascension...... 823-825 Bermuda...... 822-826 Bahamas ...... 1073-1075 British Antarctic Territory...... 307-311 Bermuda...... 866-868 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 239- British Antarctic Territory...... 323-325 243 British Indian Ocean Territory ...... 262- Cayman Islands...... 844-848 264 Falkland Islands ...... 804-808 Cayman Islands...... 879-881 Gibraltar...... 896-900 Jamaica ...... 970-972 Jamaica ...... 952-956 Kiribati ...... 825-827 Nauru...... 491-495 Pitcairn Islands...... 577-581 Norfolk Island ...... 758-762 St. Helena ...... 821-823 Papua New Guinea ...... 1019-1023 St. Lucia ...... 1171-1173 CD357Pitcairn Islands...... 552 Tokelau ...... 320-322 St. Helena ...... 788-792 Tristan da Cunha...... 732-734 1999 St. Lucia ...... 1146-1150 Virgin Islands...... 1004-1006 Solomon Islands...... 931-935 Ascension...... 731-735 South Georgia & So. Sandwich Is...... Bahamas ...... 942-946 ...... 274-278 Barbados ...... 967-971 Swaziland ...... 706-710 Bermuda...... 778 Tokelau ...... 302-306 Cayman Islands...... 777-781 Tonga...... 1059 Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 46A BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS British Commonwealth of Nations Dominions, Colonies, Territories, NATIVE FEUDATORY STATES Alwar Jammu Offices and Independent Members Bahawalpur Jammu and Kashmir Comprising stamps of the British Commonwealth and associated Bamra Jasdan nations. Barwani Jhalawar A strict observance of technicalities would bar some or all of the Bhopal Jhind (1875-76) stamps listed under Burma, Ireland, Kuwait, Nepal, New Republic, Bhor Kashmir Orange Free State, Samoa, South Africa, South-West Africa, Bijawar Kishangarh Stellaland, Sudan, Swaziland, the two Transvaal Republics and oth- Bundi Las Bela ers but these are included for the convenience of collectors. Bussahir Morvi Charkhari Nandgaon Cochin Nowanuggur Dhar Orchha 1. Great Britain Duttia Poonch Great Britain: Including England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Faridkot (1879-85) Rajpeepla Ireland. Hyderabad Sirmur Idar Soruth Indore Travancore 2. The Dominions, Present and Past Jaipur Wadhwan AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND The Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed on January 1, Became a dominion on September 26, 1907. The following islands 1901. It consists of six former colonies as follows: and territories are, or have been, administered by New Zealand: New South Wales Victoria Aitutaki Ross Dependency Queensland Tasmania Cook Islands (Rarotonga) Samoa (Western Samoa) South Australia Western Australia Niue Tokelau Islands Territories belonging to, or administered by Australia: Australian Penrhyn Antarctic Territory, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Nauru, New Guinea, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea. PAKISTAN The Republic of Pakistan was proclaimed March 23, 1956. It CANADA succeeded the Dominion which was proclaimed August 15, 1947. The Dominion of Canada was created by the British North It is made up of all or part of several Moslem provinces and various America Act in 1867. The following provinces were former sepa- districts of the former Empire of India, including Bahawalpur and rate colonies and issued postage stamps: Las Bela. Pakistan withdrew from the Commonwealth in 1972. British Columbia and Newfoundland Vancouver Island Nova Scotia SOUTH AFRICA New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Under the terms of the South African Act (1909) the self-govern- ing colonies of Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony FIJI and Transvaal united on May 31, 1910, to form the Union of South The colony of Fiji became an independent nation with dominion Africa. It became an independent republic May 3, 1961. status on Oct. 10, 1970. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, South-West Africa, formerly German South-West Africa, was mandated to the Union of South Africa. GHANA This state came into existence Mar. 6, 1957, with dominion status. It consists of the former colony of the Gold Coast and the SRI LANKA (CEYLON) Trusteeship Territory of Togoland. Ghana became a republic July 1, The Dominion of Ceylon was proclaimed February 4, 1948. The 1960. island had been a Crown Colony from 1802 until then. On May 22, 1972, Ceylon became the Republic of Sri Lanka. INDIA The Republic of India was inaugurated on January 26, 1950. It succeeded the Dominion of India which was proclaimed August 15, 3. Colonies, Past and Present; 1947, when the former Empire of India was divided into Pakistan ControlledTerritory and Independent and the Union of India. The Republic is composed of about 40 pre- Members of the Commonwealth dominantly Hindu states of three classes: governor’s provinces, chief Aden Bechuanaland commissioner’s provinces and princely states. India also has various Aitutaki Bechuanaland Prot. territories, such as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Antigua Belize The old Empire of India was a federation of British India and the Ascension Bermuda native states. The more important princely states were autonomous. Bahamas Botswana Of the more than 700 Indian states, these 43 are familiar names to Bahrain British Antarctic Territory philatelists because of their postage stamps. Bangladesh British Central Africa Barbados British Columbia and CONVENTION STATES Barbuda Vancouver Island Chamba Jhind Basutoland British East Africa Faridkot Nabha Batum British Guiana Gwalior Patiala

British Honduras Kenya New Hebrides Southern Nigeria British Indian Ocean Territory Kenya, Uganda & Tanzania New Republic Southern Rhodesia British New Guinea Kuwait New South Wales South-West Africa British Solomon Islands Labuan Niger Coast Protectorate Stellaland British Somaliland Lagos Nigeria Straits Settlements Brunei Leeward Islands Niue Sudan Burma Lesotho Norfolk Island Swaziland Bushire Madagascar North Borneo Tanganyika Cameroons Malawi Northern Nigeria Tanzania Cape of Good Hope Malaya Northern Rhodesia Tasmania Cayman Islands Federated Malay States North West Pacific Islands Tobago Christmas Island Johore Nova Scotia Togo Cocos (Keeling) Islands Kedah Nyasaland Protectorate Tokelau Islands Cook Islands Kelantan Oman Tonga Crete, Malacca Orange River Colony Transvaal British Administration Negri Sembilan Palestine Trinidad Cyprus Pahang Papua New Guinea Trinidad and Tobago Dominica Penang Penrhyn Island Tristan da Cunha East Africa & Uganda Perak Pitcairn Islands Trucial States Protectorates Perlis Prince Edward Island Turks and Caicos Egypt Selangor Queensland Turks Islands Falkland Islands Singapore Rhodesia Tuvalu Fiji Sungei Ujong Rhodesia & Nyasaland Uganda Gambia Trengganu Ross Dependency United Arab Emirates German East Africa Malaysia Sabah Victoria Gibraltar Maldive Islands St. Christopher Virgin Islands Gilbert Islands Malta St. Helena Western Australia Gilbert & Ellice Islands Man, Isle of St. Kitts Zambia Gold Coast Mauritius St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla Zanzibar Grenada Mesopotamia St. Lucia Zululand Griqualand West Montserrat St. Vincent Guernsey Muscat Samoa POST OFFICES IN Guyana Namibia Sarawak FOREIGN COUNTRIES Heligoland Natal Seychelles Africa Hong Kong Nauru Sierra Leone East Africa Forces Indian Native States Nevis Solomon Islands Middle East Forces (see India) New Britain Somaliland Protectorate Bangkok Ionian Islands New Brunswick South Arabia China Jamaica Newfoundland South Australia Morocco Jersey New Guinea South Georgia Turkish Empire

COLLECT THE SCOTT WAY WITH Specialty Series Pages SCOTT ALBUMS FEATURE: • High quality chemically neutral paper printed on one side. • • All spaces identified by Scott numbers with either illustrations or descriptions. • • All pages have matching borders. • •Pages contain general postage issues, as well as complete back-of-the book materials. • • Albums supplemented annually. • For a complete list of Scott Specialty Series Pages available contact your local dealer, or call Scott Publishing at 1-800-5SCOTT5 or write to P.O. Box 828, Sidney, OH 45365.

Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 48A COLONIES, FORMER COLONIES, OFFICES, TERRITORIES CONTROLLED BY PARENT STATES Colonies, Former Colonies, Offices, Territories Controlled by Parent States Belgium Obock FORMER COLONIES, CON- Horta Reunion TROLLED TERRITORIES, Inhambane Belgian Congo Rouad, Ile Kionga Ruanda-Urundi OCCUPATION AREAS Ste.-Marie de Madagascar Aegean Islands Lourenco Marques St. Pierre & Miquelon Calimno (Calino) Macao Denmark Senegal Caso Madeira Danish West Indies Senegambia & Niger Cos (Coo) Mozambique Faroe Islands Somali Coast Karki (Carchi) Mozambique Co. Greenland Syria Leros (Lero) Nyassa Iceland Tahiti Lipso Ponta Delgada Togo Nisiros (Nisiro) Portuguese Africa Finland Tunisia Patmos (Patmo) Portuguese Congo Aland Islands Ubangi-Shari Piscopi Portuguese Guinea Upper Senegal & Niger Rodi (Rhodes) Portuguese India France Upper Volta Scarpanto Quelimane Viet Nam St. Thomas & Prince Islands COLONIES PAST AND Simi Wallis & Futuna Islands Stampalia Tete PRESENT, CONTROLLED POST OFFICES Castellorizo Timor TERRITORIES Corfu Zambezia Afars & Issas, Territory of IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES China Cyrenaica Alaouites Eritrea Russia Alexandretta Crete Egypt Ethiopia (Abyssinia) ALLIED TERRITORIES Algeria Fiume Alsace & Lorraine Turkish Empire AND REPUBLICS, Zanzibar Ionian Islands OCCUPATION AREAS Anjouan Cephalonia Annam & Tonkin Armenia Ithaca Aunus (Olonets) Benin Germany Paxos Cambodia (Khmer) EARLY STATES Azerbaijan Italian East Africa Batum Cameroun Baden Libya Castellorizo Bavaria Estonia Oltre Giuba Far Eastern Republic Chad Bergedorf Saseno Cilicia Bremen Georgia Somalia (Italian Somaliland) Karelia Cochin China Brunswick Tripolitania Comoro Islands Hamburg Latvia Dahomey Hanover POST OFFICES Lithuania Diego Suarez Lubeck IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES North Ingermanland Djibouti (Somali Coast) Mecklenburg-Schwerin “ESTERO”* Ostland Fezzan Mecklenburg-Strelitz Austria Russian Turkestan French Congo Oldenburg China Siberia French Equatorial Africa Prussia Peking South Russia French Guiana Saxony Tientsin Tannu Tuva French Guinea Schleswig-Holstein Crete Transcaucasian Fed. Republics French India Wurttemberg Tripoli Ukraine French Morocco Turkish Empire Wenden (Livonia) French Polynesia (Oceania) FORMER COLONIES Constantinople Western Ukraine French Southern & Cameroun (Kamerun) Durazzo Antarctic Territories Caroline Islands Janina Spain French Sudan German East Africa Jerusalem COLONIES PAST AND French West Africa German New Guinea Salonika PRESENT, CONTROLLED Scutari Gabon German South-West Africa TERRITORIES Germany Kiauchau Smyrna Valona Aguera, La Ghadames Mariana Islands Cape Juby Grand Comoro Marshall Islands *Stamps overprinted “ESTERO” were used in various parts of the world. Cuba Guadeloupe Samoa Elobey, Annobon & Corisco Indo-China Togo Fernando Po Inini Netherlands Aruba Ifni Ivory Coast Italy Mariana Islands Laos Netherlands Antilles (Curacao) EARLY STATES Netherlands Indies Philippines Latakia Modena Puerto Rico Lebanon Netherlands New Guinea Parma Surinam (Dutch Guiana) Rio de Oro Madagascar Romagna Rio Muni Martinique Roman States Portugal Spanish Guinea Mauritania Sardinia Spanish Morocco Mayotte Tuscany COLONIES PAST AND Spanish Sahara Memel Two Sicilies PRESENT, CONTROLLED Spanish West Africa Middle Congo Naples TERRITORIES POST OFFICES IN FOR- Moheli Neapolitan Provinces Angola EIGN COUNTRIES New Caledonia Sicily Angra Morocco New Hebrides Azores Tangier Niger Territory Cape Verde Tetuan Nossi-Be Funchal Copyright © 2004 By Scott Publishing Co. 49A DIES OF BRITISH COLONIAL STAMPSLETTER – BRITISH FROM COLONIAL THE EDITOR AND CROWN AGENTS WATERMARKS49A Dies of British Colonial Stamps

DIE A DIE B DIE I DIE II DIE A: DIE I: 1. The lines in the groundwork vary in thickness and are not 1. The base of the crown is well below the level of the inner white uniformly straight. line around the vignette. 2. The seventh and eighth lines from the top, in the groundwork, 2. The labels inscribed “POSTAGE” and “REVENUE” are cut converge where they meet the head. square at the top. 3. There is a small dash in the upper part of the second jewel in 3. There is a white “bud” on the outer side of the main stem of the band of the crown. the curved ornaments in each lower corner. 4. The vertical color line in front of the throat stops at the sixth 4. The second (thick) line below the country name has the ends line of shading on the neck. next to the crown cut diagonally. DIE Ia. DIE Ib. DIE B: 1 as die II. 1 and 3 as die II. 1. The lines in the groundwork are all thin and straight. 2 and 3 as die I. 2 as die I. 2. All the lines of the background are parallel. 3. There is no dash in the upper part of the second jewel in the DIE II: band of the crown. 1. The base of the crown is aligned with the underside of the 4. The vertical color line in front of the throat stops at the eighth white line around the vignette. line of shading on the neck. 2. The labels curve inward at the top inner corners. 3. The “bud” has been removed from the outer curve of the ornaments in each corner. 4. The second line below the country name has the ends next to the crown cut vertically.

British Colonial and Crown Agents Watermarks Wmk. 1 Wmk. 2 Wmk. 3 Wmk. 4 Crown and C C Crown and C A Multiple Crown Multiple Crown Watermarks 1 to 4, 314, 373, and 384, common to many British and C A and Script C A territories, are illustrated here to avoid duplication. The letters “CC” of Wmk. 1 identify the paper as having been made for the use of the Crown Colonies, while the letters “CA” of the others stand for “Crown Agents.” Both Wmks. 1 and 2 were used on stamps printed by De La Rue & Co. Wmk. 3 was adopted in 1904; Wmk. 4 in 1921; Wmk. 314 in 1957; Wmk. 373 in 1974; and Wmk. 384 in 1985. In Wmk. 4a, a non-matching crown of the general St. Edwards Wmk. 4a Wmk. 314 type (bulging on both sides at top) was substituted for one of the St. Edward’s Crown Wmk. 4 crowns which fell off the dandy roll. The non-matching and C A Multiple crown occurs in 1950-52 printings in a horizontal row of crowns on certain regular stamps of Johore and Seychelles, and on various postage due stamps of Barbados, Basutoland, British Guiana, Gold Coast, Grenada, Northern Rhodesia, St. Lucia, Swaziland and Trinidad and Tobago. A variation of Wmk. 4a, with the non-matching crown in a horizontal row of crown-CA-crown, occurs on regular stamps of Bahamas, St. Kitts-Nevis and Singapore. Wmk. 314 was intentionally used sideways, starting in 1966. Wmk. 373 Wmk. 384 When a stamp was issued with Wmk. 314 both upright and sideways, the sideways varieties usually are listed also – with minor numbers. In many of the later issues, Wmk. 314 is slightly visible. Wmk. 373 is usually only faintly visible.

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