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Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art
Rienjang and Stewart (eds) Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Since the beginning of Gandhāran studies in the nineteenth century, chronology has been one of the most significant challenges to the understanding of Gandhāran art. Many other ancient societies, including those of Greece and Rome, have left a wealth of textual sources which have put their fundamental chronological frameworks beyond doubt. In the absence of such sources on a similar scale, even the historical eras cited on inscribed Gandhāran works of art have been hard to place. Few sculptures have such inscriptions and the majority lack any record of find-spot or even general provenance. Those known to have been found at particular sites were sometimes moved and reused in antiquity. Consequently, the provisional dates assigned to extant Gandhāran sculptures have sometimes differed by centuries, while the narrative of artistic development remains doubtful and inconsistent. Building upon the most recent, cross-disciplinary research, debate and excavation, this volume reinforces a new consensus about the chronology of Gandhāra, bringing the history of Gandhāran art into sharper focus than ever. By considering this tradition in its wider context, alongside contemporary Indian art and subsequent developments in Central Asia, the authors also open up fresh questions and problems which a new phase of research will need to address. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art is the first publication of the Gandhāra Connections project at the University of Oxford’s Classical Art Research Centre, which has been supported by the Bagri Foundation and the Neil Kreitman Foundation. -
Download Thesis
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Imagining Afghanistan British Foreign Policy and the Afghan Polity, 18081878 Bayly, Martin Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: Imagining Afghanistan: British Foreign Policy and the Afghan Polity, 1808‐1878 Author: Martin Bayly The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. -
Indus Valley Sites Were Discovered
How the Indus Valley sites were discovered. What were the first clues What did Charles Masson to the ancient city sites? find out? When? What had happened to What did Robert Brunton the things Charles do? Was this right? Why Masson saw by the time did he do it? Sir Alexander visited? What was Mr Banerji’s How did they know the discovery? sites were linked? In the Indian village of Harrappa there was a very old ruined castle built on a hill. Nobody knew who had lived there .......... Information Gap Activity http://www.collaborativelearning.org/indusvalley.pdf How the Indus Valley sites were discovered. Devised by Judith Evans now at Camelot Primary School in Southwark. We used this information gap in February 2015 when the project worked with teachers in Hoshiapur in the Punjab which is as close as you can get to the Indus valley without entering Pakistan, so we have brought it up to date and have produced a more effective question grid. We have also tried to simplify teacher instructions! There is a lot of source material available on the net and we recommend you look at Ilona Aronovsky’s Resources at: https://www.harappa.com/teach This activity is designed to be used, to explore what children know and promote group talk before looking at source material. Their are two ways to use the activity. Method One: Divide class into three sections. One section in pairs or threes work on Text A, one part on Text B etc. and fill in as much of the question grid as they can. -
I the GIANT BUDDHA STATUES in BAMIYAN Description, History And
I THE GIANT BUDDHA STATUES IN BAMIYAN Catharina Blänsdorf, Michael Petzet Description, History and State of Conservation before the Destruction in 2001 The Bamiyan valley, 230 km northwest of Kabul and 2500 seated Buddhas, 55 meter Buddha and surrounding m above sea-level, separates the Hindu Kush from the Koh- caves, Kakrak Valley caves including the niche of the i-Baba mountains. The city of Bamiyan is the centre of the standing Buddha, Qoul-I Akram Caves in the Fuladi valley and the largest settlement of the Hazarajat. From Valley, Kalai Ghamai Caves in the Fuladi Valley, Shahr- West to East, the Bamiyan river runs through the valley. i-Zuhak, Qallay Kaphari A, Qallay Kaphari B, Shahr-i- The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Ghulghulah. Bamiyan Valley were inscribed on the World Heritage List 2. Recommends that the State Party make every effort in July 2003 and at the same time placed on the List of World to guarantee an adequate legal framework for the Heritage in Danger: protection and conservation of the Bamiyan Valley; 3. Further urges the international community and various organizations active in the field of heritage protection The World Heritage Committee, in the Bamiyan Valley to continue its co-operation and assistance to the Afghan authorities to enhance the 1. Inscribes the Cultural Landscape and Archaeological conservation and protection of the property; Remains of the Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan, on the World Heritage List on the basis of cultural criteria (i), 4. Recognizing the significant and persisting danger posed (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi): by anti-personnel mines in various areas of the Bamiyan Valley and noting the request from the Afghan authorities Criterion (i): The Buddha statues and the cave art in that all cultural projects include funds for demining; Bamiyan Valley are an outstanding representation of the Gandharan School in Buddhist art in the Central Asian 5. -
Indus Valley Civilization: Enigmatic, Exemplary, and Undeciphered Charise Joy Javonillo College of Dupage
ESSAI Volume 8 Article 21 4-1-2011 Indus Valley Civilization: Enigmatic, Exemplary, and Undeciphered Charise Joy Javonillo College of DuPage Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai Recommended Citation Javonillo, Charise Joy (2010) "Indus Valley Civilization: Enigmatic, Exemplary, and Undeciphered," ESSAI: Vol. 8, Article 21. Available at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai/vol8/iss1/21 This Selection is brought to you for free and open access by the College Publications at [email protected].. It has been accepted for inclusion in ESSAI by an authorized administrator of [email protected].. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Javonillo: Indus Valley Civilization Indus Valley Civilization: Enigmatic, Exemplary, and Undeciphered by Charise Joy Javonillo (Anthropology 1120) Introduction mong the four great ancient civilizations of the Old World, the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) has the distinction of being the most enigmatic of this notable group (Kenoyer and AMeadow, 2000). Mindful of the inevitable comparisons to its better represented, recorded, and studied Western contemporaries Mesopotamia and Egypt, four major comparable aspects of the Indus Valley will be presented and discussed in this review. Beginning with settlement patterns, special attention is paid to Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and specifically to the urban layout of these two exemplary cities. Second is the Indus’ sphere of influence as suggested by possible interaction with Mesopotamia, including motifs found in artwork and seals. Next is a synthesis and discussion about the current debate over the Indus Valley script and its decipherment. Lastly, possible theories are reviewed regarding the collapse and disappearance of the IVC. -
Pax Pamir: Second Edition
Pax Pamir: Second Edition Rules of Play In Pax Pamir, each player assumes the role of a nine- teenth-century Afghan leader attempting to forge a new state after the collapse of the Durrani Empire. Western histories often call this period “The Great Game” because of the role played by the Europeans who attempted to use Central Asia as a theater for their own rivalries. In this game, those empires are viewed strictly from the perspective of the Afghans who sought to manipulate the interloping ferengi (foreigners) for their own purposes. In terms of gameplay, Pax Pamir is a pretty straightfor- ward tableau builder. Players will spend most of their turns purchasing cards from a central market and then playing those cards in front of them in a single row called a court. Playing cards adds units to the game’s map and grants access to additional actions that can be taken to disrupt other players and influence the course of the game. That last point is worth emphasizing. Though everyone is building their own row of cards, the game offers many ways for players to interfere with each other, both directly and indirectly. To survive, players will organize into coalitions. In the game, these coalitions are identified chiefly by their sponsors. Two of the coalitions (British and Russian) are supported by European powers. The third coalition (Afghan) is backed by nativist elements who want to end European involvement in the region. Throughout the game, the different coalitions will be evaluated when a special event card, called a Dominance Check, is resolved. -
Mohenjo-Daro
IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER. 2 B.A.English HISTORY-I Course Code: BAQ111 Semester: First SLM Unit : 2 E-Lesson: 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL HISTORY-I OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 3 After studying this unit, you will be able to: Excavation of Mohenzodaro and Harappa, Analyse the extent of Harappa culture. by R.D. Banerjee and Dayaram Sahani, was the most exhilarating event of the 20th century A.D. for the Indian historians Explain the causes for the decline of Harappa culture www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BAQ111)Q 111) INSTITUTEAll right OFare DISTANCE reserved ANDwith ONLINECU-IDOL LEARNING TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Origin and Extent of Harappa Civilisation > Discovery & Time Span > Other Indus Valley Civilization HISTORY > Main Features Of Harappan Civilization - I https://note-world.blogspot.com/2017/08/harappan-civilization-and-major-centers.html www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL ORIGIN AND EXTENT OF HARAPPA CIVILISATION 5 Ancient Indian History would have been in its dark phase if it had not explored the urban cities and culture in the Valley of Indus River and its tributaries. Discovery of the Indus civilisation which was the contemporary of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia gives a proud moment to all Indians to write their history as rich and long back to the dates around 3000 BCE. It’s large extent and glory in socio-economic life, rich art and culture, scientific town planning have uplifted the Indian history into a great height that researchers expects more discoveries to prove its genuine history and culture to the whole world. -
Charles Masson and the Buddhist Sites of Afghanistan Company to Explore the Ancient Sites in South-East Afghanistan
From 1833–8, Charles Masson (1800–1853) was employed by the British East India Charles Masson and the Buddhist Sites of Afghanistan Company to explore the ancient sites in south-east Afghanistan. During this period, he surveyed over a hundred Buddhist sites around Kabul, Jalalabad and Wardak, making numerous drawings of the sites, together with maps, compass readings, sections of the stupas and sketches of some of the finds. Small illustrations of a selection of these key sites were published in Ariana Antiqua in 1841. However, this represents only a tiny proportion of his official and private correspondence held in the India Office Collection of the British Library which is studied in detail in this publication. It is supplemented online by The Charles Masson Archive: British Library and British Museum Documents Relating to the 1832–1838 Masson Collection from Afghanistan (British Museum Research Publication number 216). Together they provide the means for a comprehensive reconstitution of the archaeological record of the sites. In return for funding his exploration of the ancient sites of Afghanistan, the British East India Company received all of Masson’s finds. These were sent to the India Museum in London, and when it closed in 1878 the British Museum was the principal recipient of all the ‘archaeological’ artefacts and a proportion of the coins. This volume studies the British Museum’s collection of the Buddhist relic deposits, including reliquaries, beads and coins, and places them within a wider historical and archaeological context for the first time. Masson’s collection of coins and finds from Begram are the subject of a separate study. -
The Masson Project at the British Museum
> Theme Silver coin found at Mir Zakah with the image of the Indo- Greek King, Menan- der (155 BC) holding a spear. The Greek legend gives his Afghanistan: name and title (BASILEOS SOTEROS MENAN- DROU). This king debated on issues of the Buddhist faith Picking up with the monk Nagasena, according to the early Buddhist text Milindapañha, ‘Questions of Milin- da’ (=Menander). the Pieces Formerly Kabul Museum. SPACH. of courtesy Powell, Josephine Ancient Afghanistan through the Eyes of Charles Masson (1800-1853): dols, and the wartime the and dols, The Masson Project at the British Museum In the 1930s, the French Archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan found unexpected evi- Research > dence of an earlier European visitor scribbled in one of the caves above the 55 m Buddha at Afghanistan Bamiyan. This stated: If any fool this high samootch explore hout Afghanistan are now gone, perhaps forever, many forever, perhaps gone, now are Afghanistan hout Know Charles Masson has been here before ce. With each opened box, we marveled at the beauty of the of beauty the at marveled we box, opened each With ce. y lost to the world for the stories they can tell us of humani- of us tell can they stories the for world the to lost y owledge passed on from father to son of how to create them create to how of son to father from on passed owledge s from the City of Rob written in the local Bactrian language Bactrian local the in written Rob of City the from s ything on Afghanistan would wade into the mire of political of mire the into wade would Afghanistan on ything llected on his travels through Afghanistan during the 1830s. -
The Masson Project at the British Museum
> Theme Silver coin found at Mir Zakah with the image of the Indo- Greek King, Menan- der (155 BC) holding a spear. The Greek legend gives his Afghanistan: name and title (BASILEOS SOTEROS MENAN- DROU). This king debated on issues of the Buddhist faith Picking up with the monk Nagasena, according to the early Buddhist text Milindapañha, ‘Questions of Milin- da’ (=Menander). the Pieces Formerly Kabul Museum. SPACH. of courtesy Powell, Josephine Ancient Afghanistan through the Eyes of Charles Masson (1800-1853): dols, and the wartime the and dols, The Masson Project at the British Museum In the 1930s, the French Archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan found unexpected evi- Research > dence of an earlier European visitor scribbled in one of the caves above the 55 m Buddha at Afghanistan Bamiyan. This stated: If any fool this high samootch explore hout Afghanistan are now gone, perhaps forever, many forever, perhaps gone, now are Afghanistan hout Know Charles Masson has been here before ce. With each opened box, we marveled at the beauty of the of beauty the at marveled we box, opened each With ce. y lost to the world for the stories they can tell us of humani- of us tell can they stories the for world the to lost y owledge passed on from father to son of how to create them create to how of son to father from on passed owledge s from the City of Rob written in the local Bactrian language Bactrian local the in written Rob of City the from s ything on Afghanistan would wade into the mire of political of mire the into wade would Afghanistan on ything llected on his travels through Afghanistan during the 1830s. -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 24 March 2015 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Richardson, E. (2013) 'Mr Masson and the lost cities : a Victorian journey to the edges of remembrance.', Classical reception journal., 5 (1). pp. 84-105. Further information on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/cls008 Publisher's copyright statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Classical Receptions Journal following peer review. The version of record [insert complete citation information here] is available online at: xxxxxxx http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/cls008. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk MR MASSON AND THE LOST CITIES: A VICTORIAN JOURNEY TO THE EDGES OF REMEMBRANCE Abstract At the crossroads between remembering and forgetting, one may glimpse how the relationship between later cultures and antiquity has been shaped by the awareness of loss; by the presence of what cannot be recalled. -
The Short Writings of Josiah Harlan Introduction, Maps, Chronology Christopher J. Brunner Occasional Paper
The Short Writings of Josiah Harlan Introduction, Maps, Chronology by Christopher J. Brunner Occasional Paper #27 A MANOF ENTERPRISE The Short Writings of Josiah Harlan Introduction, Maps, Chronology by Christopher J. Brunner Occasional Paper i27 ISSN: 0889-7883 Introduction Chronology References Personal.Narrative Importation of Camels On the Fruits of Cabul and Vicinity Maps August, 1987 The Afghanistan Forum 201 East 71st Street, 2K New York, New York 10021 USA I'NTRODUCTION To conquer a dominion by controlling the political par ties of a state is a feasible policy, or to reform by gradual means without annihilating the institutions of a subjugated country may be the effect of time and perseverance, but to subdue and crush the masses of a nation by military force, when all are unanimous in the determination to be free, is to attempt the impri sonment of a whole people: all such projects must be temporary and transient, and terminate in a catastrophe that force has ever to dread from the vigorous, ardent, concentrated vengeance of a nation outraged, oppressed, and insulted, and desperate with the blind fury of a determined and unanimous will. Cabul, the city of a thousand gardens, in those days was a paradise ••• And I have seen this country, sacred to the harmony of hallowed solitude, desecrated by the rude intrusion of senseless stranger boors, vile in habits, infamous in vulgar tastes--the prompt and a pathetic instruments of master minds, callous leaders in the sanguinary march of heedless conquests. Josiah Harlan 1 On the eve of the First Anglo-Afghan War, various foreigners lived and worked in Afghanistan.