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CONTENTS I 1. Professor Norman Abramson NIC- 8123 " University of Hawaii 2. Professor Herbert B. Baskin NIC-8124 University of California, Berkeley 3. Mr. Morton I. Bernstein NIC-8125 System Development Corporation 4. Dr. Daniel Bobrow NIC-8126 Bolt Beranek and Newman 5. Professor T. E. Cheatham NIC-8127 Harvard University 6. Professor W. A. Clark NIC-8128 Washington University 7. Dr. D. C. Engelbart NIC-8129 Stanford Research Institute I Professor David C. Evans NIC-8130 "8. University of Utah 9. Professor E. A. Feigenbaum NIC-8131 Stanford University f 10. Mr. James Forgie NIC-8133 Lincoln Laboratory 11. Dr. Howard Frank NIC-8134 Network Analysis Corporation 12. Professor Edward Fredkin NIC-8135 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 13. Professor Edward Glaser NIC-8136 Case Western Reserve University 14. Professor David Harris NIC-8137 University of California 15. Mr. Frank Heart NIC-8138 Bolt Beranek and Newman i 16. Dr. Anatol W. Holt NIC-8139 Applied Data Research, Inc. " 17. Professor Leonard Kleinrock NIC-8140 University of California, Los Angeles 18. Professor J.C.R. Licklider NIC-8141 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 19. Dr. Thomas Marill NIC-8142 Computer Corporation of America 20. Professor John McCarthy NIC-8143 Stanford University 21. Mr. David Mclntyre NIC-8144 University of Illinois 22. Mr. Robert E. Millstein NIC-8145 Applied Data Research, Inc. 23. Professor Marvin Minsky NIC-8146 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 24. Professor Allen Newell NIC-8148 £ Carnegie-Mellon University 25. Dr. Melvin Pirtle NIC-8150 NASA Ames Research Center 26. Professor William K. Pratt NIC-8151 University of Southern California 27. Dr. Bertram Raphael NIC-8152 Stanford Research Institute 28. Professor J. A. Robinson NIC-8153 Syracuse University 29. Professor Daniel Slotnick NIC-8154 University of Illinois 30. Mr. Keith Uncapher NIC-8156 The RAND Corporation 31. Dr. Richard Watson NIC-8158 Stanford Research Institute 32. Dr. Richard Wishner NIC-8157 Systems Control, Inc..

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John Mccarthy
JOHN MCCARTHY: the uncommon logician of common sense Excerpt from Out of their Minds: the lives and discoveries of 15 great computer scientists by Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere, Copernicus Press August 23, 2004 If you want the computer to have general intelligence, the outer structure has to be common sense knowledge and reasoning. — John McCarthy When a five-year old receives a plastic toy car, she soon pushes it and beeps the horn. She realizes that she shouldn’t roll it on the dining room table or bounce it on the floor or land it on her little brother’s head. When she returns from school, she expects to find her car in more or less the same place she last put it, because she put it outside her baby brother’s reach. The reasoning is so simple that any five-year old child can understand it, yet most computers can’t. Part of the computer’s problem has to do with its lack of knowledge about day-to-day social conventions that the five-year old has learned from her parents, such as don’t scratch the furniture and don’t injure little brothers. Another part of the problem has to do with a computer’s inability to reason as we do daily, a type of reasoning that’s foreign to conventional logic and therefore to the thinking of the average computer programmer. Conventional logic uses a form of reasoning known as deduction. Deduction permits us to conclude from statements such as “All unemployed actors are waiters, ” and “ Sebastian is an unemployed actor,” the new statement that “Sebastian is a waiter.” The main virtue of deduction is that it is “sound” — if the premises hold, then so will the conclusions.
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Memorial Tributes: Volume 11 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 11 K E I T H W . U N C A P H E R 1922–2002 Elected in 1998 “For information technology on the national level.” BY ANITA JONES KEITH WILLIAM UNCAPHER, founder and Executive Direc- tor Emeritus of Information Sciences Institute, Associate Dean for Information Sciences Emeritus of the University of South- ern California, and senior vice president of the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, died at the age of 80 on October 10, 2002. He died in mid-air while returning to the West Coast after attending an NAE meeting. Keith was born in Denver, Colorado, on April 1, 1922, one of three children of Wayne Samuel and Alice Clague Uncapher; the family moved to California when he was six months old. After high school graduation in Glendale, California, he joined the Navy and became a radar technician. Although he was prone to seasickness, he never hesitated when he had to climb the mast of his ship to fix the radar. When he left the service in 1946, Keith studied electronics and mathematics at Glendale College. In 1950, he graduated from the California Polytechnic Institute with a B.S. in mathematics and electrical engineering. At the recommendation of one of his professors, Keith ap- plied for a job at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, Cali- fornia, which was a fairly new organization at the time. He was readily accepted at RAND and soon began to conduct funda- mental research on digital-memory technology (before the time of core memory).
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Looking Back
Looking Back Martha E. (Hinds) Crosby Department of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii [email protected] Abstract: In this chapter, I am reminiscing on some of my experiences from my 53 years of living with computers. I am currently a professor and chair in the department of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Hawaii. Over the years, I have only experienced computing environments in three locations (Colorado, Washington, D.C. and Hawaii) but they have all been memorable. The computers that I describe are a part of computing history but are rarely documented. Keywords: Computer science, geophysical parameters, mapping program, mathematics. I was not aware of computing before I went to college. I majored in mathematics and I had a professor who believed that computers would be the wave of the future so he gave some short courses on machine language and numerical analysis techniques. Little did I realize that this would make me a qualified applicant for a computing career. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Colorado State University (CSU) in 1959. At that time, calculators were mechanical and very large and heavy and no one would consider owning one. Also, very few commercial digital computers could be found in the United States and the ones that existed usually occupied a room and were primarily for calculations. I planned to teach mathematics in high school after graduation from CSU. However, I finished my classes a quarter early so teaching positions would be at least a half year away. I was offered positions at Martin Marietta in Denver, Colorado and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Central Radio Propagation Laboratories (CRPL) in Boulder, Colorado.
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General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750023705 2020-03-22T20:30:18+00:00Z General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) AD-AO08 865 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT, OCTOBER 11, 1974 "THE ALOHA SYSTEM" Norman Abramson Hawaii University Prepared for: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Research Projects Agency 11 October 1974 DISTRIBUTED BY: mum National Technical Information Service U. S. DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE ,-W 128 4 171AL TECHNICAL kSMT CONTRACT FOR NUMBER 2 -67W 511 rrrrilfi,llr^f{ "iir ► II^J ll^tltfllll oll . 11,111111 e,!Produted by t NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE US Deoenmaf of C.—I" SVrinq field, VA. 22151 - t OCTOBER 11. 1994 DISTPULMON STA Approved for public Wec" et oa Unlimited { FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT October 11, 1974 ARPA Order Number: 1956 Program Code Number: 2P10 Name of Contractor: University of Hawaii Effective Date of Contract: November 1, 1971 Contract Expiration Date: October 11, 1974 Amount of Contract: $2,571,266 Contract Number: NAS2-6700 PrincipaZ Investigator and Phone Number: Norman Abramson (808) 948-7490 Project Scientist or Engineer and Phone Number: Norman Abramson (808) 948-7490 Short TitZe of Work: THE ALOHA SYSTEM D D C F D r-Dr ^' MAY 6 1975 D Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA Order No.
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The Computer Scientist As Toolsmith—Studies in Interactive Computer Graphics
Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. Fred Brooks is the first recipient of the ACM Allen Newell Award—an honor to be presented annually to an individual whose career contributions have bridged computer science and other disciplines. Brooks was honored for a breadth of career contributions within computer science and engineering and his interdisciplinary contributions to visualization methods for biochemistry. Here, we present his acceptance lecture delivered at SIGGRAPH 94. The Computer Scientist Toolsmithas II t is a special honor to receive an award computer science. Another view of computer science named for Allen Newell. Allen was one of sees it as a discipline focused on problem-solving sys- the fathers of computer science. He was tems, and in this view computer graphics is very near especially important as a visionary and a the center of the discipline. leader in developing artificial intelligence (AI) as a subdiscipline, and in enunciating A Discipline Misnamed a vision for it. When our discipline was newborn, there was the What a man is is more important than what he usual perplexity as to its proper name. We at Chapel Idoes professionally, however, and it is Allen’s hum- Hill, following, I believe, Allen Newell and Herb ble, honorable, and self-giving character that makes it Simon, settled on “computer science” as our depart- a double honor to be a Newell awardee. I am pro- ment’s name. Now, with the benefit of three decades’ foundly grateful to the awards committee. hindsight, I believe that to have been a mistake. If we Rather than talking about one particular research understand why, we will better understand our craft.
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The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: the Next
AI Magazine Volume 27 Number 4 (2006) (© AAAI) Reports continued this earlier work because he became convinced that advances The Dartmouth College could be made with other approaches using computers. Minsky expressed the concern that too many in AI today Artificial Intelligence try to do what is popular and publish only successes. He argued that AI can never be a science until it publishes what fails as well as what succeeds. Conference: Oliver Selfridge highlighted the im- portance of many related areas of re- search before and after the 1956 sum- The Next mer project that helped to propel AI as a field. The development of improved languages and machines was essential. Fifty Years He offered tribute to many early pio- neering activities such as J. C. R. Lick- leiter developing time-sharing, Nat Rochester designing IBM computers, and Frank Rosenblatt working with James Moor perceptrons. Trenchard More was sent to the summer project for two separate weeks by the University of Rochester. Some of the best notes describing the AI project were taken by More, al- though ironically he admitted that he ■ The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelli- Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, and never liked the use of “artificial” or gence Conference: The Next 50 Years Nathaniel Rochester for the 1956 “intelligence” as terms for the field. (AI@50) took place July 13–15, 2006. The event, McCarthy wanted, as he ex- Ray Solomonoff said he went to the conference had three objectives: to cele- plained at AI@50, “to nail the flag to brate the Dartmouth Summer Research summer project hoping to convince the mast.” McCarthy is credited for Project, which occurred in 1956; to as- everyone of the importance of ma- coining the phrase “artificial intelli- sess how far AI has progressed; and to chine learning.
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Pioneers of Computing
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W. Brodersen Prof. Michael Dertouzos Lab. Prof. Jerome A. Feldman Dr. Michael Frankel
* DARPA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS MEETING DOUBLETREE INN MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA APRIL 10 - 13, 1983 ATTENDEES ( Dr. Robert Balzer USC-lnformation Sciences Inst. Prof. Robert W. Brodersen DR. BRUCE BUCHANAN Univ. of Calif.-Berkeley STANFORD UNIVERSITY Dr. John H. Cafarella MIT-Lincoln Lab. Prof. Thomas Cheatham Harvard University Aiken Computation Lab. Dr. Danny Cohen USC-lnformation Sciences Inst. Prof. Michael Dertouzos MIT-Computer Science Lab. Prof. Edward A. Feigenbaum Stanford University Prof. Jerome A. Feldman University of Rochester Dr. Michael Frankel SRI International Prof. Robert Gallager MIT-EE and Computer Science Dr. Corded Green Kestrel Institute Dr. Anthony Hearn Rand Corporation Prof. John L Hennessy Stanford University Dr. Estil V. Hoversten Linkabit Corporation "* 2 Prof. Leonard Kleinrock Univ. of Calif.-Los Angeles Prof. Victor R. Lesser University of Massachusetts Dr. Donald Nielson SRI International Prof. Jon McCarthy Stanford University Mr. Alan McLaughlin MIT-Lincoln Lab. Prof. James Meindl Stanford University Prof. Allen Newell Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Nils J. Nilsson SRI International Prof. Allan Oppenheim MIT-EE and Computer Science Prof. Paul Penfield, Jr. Massachusetts Inst, of Technology Dr. Gerald Popek Univ. of Calif. -Los Angeles Dr. Raj D. Reddy Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Daniel R. Ries Computer Corp. of America Prof. Edward R. Riseman Univ. of Massachusetts Prof. Roger C. Shank Yale University \ 3 Prof. Chuck Seitz Calif. Inst, of Technology Prof. Carlo H. Sequin Univ. of Calif.-Berkeley Prof. Joseph F. Traub Columbia University Mr. Keith W. Uncapher USC-lnformation Sciences Inst. Mr. Albert Vezza MIT-Laboratory for Computer Science Mr. David C. Walden Bolt, Beranek and Newman Prof. Patrick Winston MIT-Artificial Intelligence Lab.
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION In which we try to explain why we consider artificial intelligence to be a subject most worthy of study, and in which we try to decide what exactly it is, this being a good thing to decide before embarking. INTELLIGENCE We call ourselves _Homo sapiens—man the wise—because our intelligence is so important to us. For thousands of years, we have tried to understand how we think; that is, how a mere handful of matter can perceive, understand, predict, and manipulate a world far larger and ARTIFICIAL NTIIII GERHIE more complicated than itself. The field of artificial intelligence, or Al, goes further still: it attempts not just to understand but also to build intelligent entities. AI is one of the newest fields in science and engineering. Work started in earnest soon after World War II, and the name itself was coined in 1956. Along with molecular biology, AI is regularly cited as the "field I would most like to be in" by scientists in other disciplines. A student in physics might reasonably feel that all the good ideas have already been taken by Galileo, Newton, Einstein, and the rest. AI, on the other hand, still has openings for several full-time Einsteins and Edisons. Al currently encompasses a huge variety of subfields, ranging from the general (learning and perception) to the specific, such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on a crowded street, and diagnosing diseases. AI is relevant to any intellectual task; it is truly a universal field. 1.1 WHAT IS AI? We have claimed that AI is exciting, but we have not said what it is.
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2016 Annual Report
INNOVATION with an impact ON SOCIETY, EDUCATION, SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 2016 ANNUAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2017 Information Sciences Institute Welcome to ISI ........................................................................................................ 2 New Research Directors, Team Leaders and Research Leads ................. 4 is a world leader in research and development Institute Achievement Awards ........................................................................... 7 of advanced information processing, computing Financial Systems and Information Technology ........................................... 8 and communications technologies. Involvement in Education and Community .................................................... 9 Awards, Honors and Activities ......................................................................... 10 New Staff and Research Personnel .................................................................. 12 CALIFORNIA MASSACHUSETTS VIRGINIA 4676 Admiralty Way #1001 890 Winter Street 3811 Fairfax Drive #200 New Doctoral Students and Graduates ......................................................... 13 Marina del Rey, CA 90292 Waltham, MA 02451 Arlington, VA 22203 310.822.1511 781-622-9790 703.243.9422 New Master’s, Undergrads, and Visiting Scholars ..................................... 14 Centers of Excellence .......................................................................................... 16 Strategic Collaborations ...................................................................................
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Theoretic Security
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2009 Annual Report NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING THE FUTURE 1 Letter from the President 3 In Service to the Nation 3 Mission Statement 4 Program Reports 4 Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education 5 Technological Literacy 5 Public Understanding of Engineering Implementing Effective Messages Media Relations Public Relations Grand Challenges for Engineering 8 Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society 8 Diversity in the Engineering Workforce Engineer Girl! Website Engineer Your Life Project 10 Frontiers of Engineering Armstrong Endowment for Young Engineers- Gilbreth Lectures 12 Technology for a Quieter America 12 Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding 13 Engineering and Health 14 Opportunities and Challenges in the Emerging Field of Synthetic Biology 15 America’s Energy Future: Technology Opportunities, Risks and Tradeoffs 15 U.S.-Chinese Cooperation on Electricity from Renewables 17 Gathering Storm Still Frames the Policy Debate 18 Rebuilding a Real Economy: Unleashing Engineering Innovation 20 2009 NAE Awards Recipients 22 2009 New Members and Foreign Associates 24 NAE Anniversary Members 28 2009 Private Contributions 28 Einstein Society 28 Heritage Society 29 Golden Bridge Society 30 The Presidents’ Circle 30 Catalyst Society 31 Rosette Society 31 Challenge Society 31 Charter Society 33 Other Individual Donors 35 Foundations, Corporations, and Other Organizations 37 National Academy of Engineering Fund Financial Report 39 Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants 43 Notes to Financial Statements 57 Officers 57 Councillors 58 Staff 58 NAE Publications Letter from the President The United States is slowly emerging from the most serious economic cri- sis in recent memory. To set a sound course for the 21st century, we must now turn our attention to unleashing technological innovation to create products and services that add actual value.
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