Young Finnish Pupils As Readers of English Reading Comprehension, Strategy Use and Reader Perceptions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Young Finnish Pupils As Readers of English Reading Comprehension, Strategy Use and Reader Perceptions UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Young Finnish pupils as readers of English Reading comprehension, strategy use and reader perceptions Inka Vappula Pro Gradu Thesis Master’s Programme in English Studies Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki April 2019 2 Tiedekunta/Osasto – Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Humanistinen tiedekunta / Kielten osasto Tekijä – Författare – Author VAPPULA, Inka Eveliina Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Young Finnish pupils as readers of English: reading comprehension, strategy use and reader perceptions Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Englannin kielen ja kirjallisuuden maisteriohjelma Työnlaji – Arbetets Aika – Datum – Month and Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Maisterintutkielma year 59 + liitteet huhtikuu 2019 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Lastenkirjallisuuden käyttö englannin kielen opetuksessa on yleistynyt kansainvälisesti viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Autenttisen kirjallisuuden hyödyiksi luetaan mm. kieli- ja kulttuuritietoisuuden kehitys sekä kielitaidon rikastuttaminen. Suomessa lastenkirjallisuutta hyödynnetään hyvin vähän vieraiden kielten opetuksessa. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan suomalaisten ala-asteikäisten oppilaiden valmiuksia lukea ja ymmärtää englanninkielistä lastenkirjallisuutta sekä kartoitetaan lastenkirjallisuuden käyttömahdollisuuksia vieraan kielen opetuksessa. Tutkielmassa vertaillaan oppilaiden luetun ymmärtämistä, lukustrategioita ja lukukäyttäytymistä kahden englannin oppikirjatekstin ja kahden kirjallisen tekstin osalta. Lisäksi tutkielmassa kartoitetaan oppilaiden käsityksiä omista lukutaidoistaan sekä englanninkielisestä lukumateriaalista. Tutkielman keskeiset käsitteet pohjautuvat angloamerikkalaisen lukututkimuksen viitekehykseen. Teoreettinen tausta rakentuu lukututkimuksissa havaittuihin lukutaito, -tapa, ja -strategiaeroihin äidinkielellä ja toisella kielellä luettaessa. Tutkielman aineisto kerättiin protokolla-analyysillä sekä puolistrukturoiduilla henkilöhaastatteluilla. Luetun ymmärtämistä, lukustrategioita ja -käyttäytymistä kartoitettiin osallistujien lukemisen yhteydessä tuottamalla ääneen ajattelulla. Oppilaiden käsityksiä lukutaidoista ja lukumateriaaleista kartoitettiin henkilöhaastatteluilla. Osallistujina oli neljä suomalaista kuudesluokkalaista yhdeltä pääkaupunkiseudun ala-asteelta. Tutkimuksen tulokset vahvistavat, että kielitaitotaso määrittelee vahvasti lukukäyttäytymistä ja luetun ymmärtämistä. Vahvan kielitaidon omaavat osallistujat ymmärsivät sekä oppimateriaalitekstit sekä kirjalliset tekstin paremmin. Lukustrategioiden osalta tutkimus viittaa oppikirjatekstin lukukäytäntöjen ohjaavaan vaikutukseen. Kaikki osallistujat keskittyivät päättelyn ja ennakoinnin sijasta sanasta sanaan kääntämiseen ja muihin tekstisidonnaisiin strategioihin. Tutkielmassa väitän tämän viittaavan siihen, että nykyiset lukukäytännöt vieraan kielen opetuksessa tukevat kielitaidon kehitystä, mutta eivät lukutaidon kehitystä. Tutkimuksessa totean, että englanninkielinen lastenkirjallisuus voisi toimia suomalaisessa kieltenopetuksessa tukena laaja-alaisen lukutaidon kehittämisessä. Avainsanat – Nyckelord – Keywords Luetun ymmärtäminen, lukustrategia, englanti toisena kielenä, protokolla-analyysi, lukukäyttäytyminen, lukutottumus, englantilainen lastenkirjallisuus opetuksessa Säilytyspaikka – Förvaringställe – Where deposited Helda / E-thesis Muita tietoja – Övriga uppgifter – Additional information Nuoret suomalaiset oppilaat englanninkielen lukijoina: luetun ymmärtäminen, lukustrategiat ja lukijan käsitykset 3 Table of contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 2 Theoretical background ................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Understanding reading ability ............................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Levels of the comprehension process ............................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Models of reading: bottom-up, top-down and interactive models .................................. 10 2.1.3 Reading comprehension strategies .................................................................................. 11 2.2 How do L1 and L2 reading differ? ..................................................................................... 13 2.3 Authentic and non-authentic reading materials ................................................................ 15 2.3.1 Rationales for using authentic material in language classrooms .................................... 16 2.3.2 Reading authentic and non-authentic texts in L2 ............................................................ 17 2.3.3 L2 reading in Finland ...................................................................................................... 18 3 Research design ............................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Data ........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.2 Materials ................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3 Methods ................................................................................................................................. 22 4 Results and analysis ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Reading comprehension of authentic and non-authentic texts ........................................ 26 4.1.1 Vocabulary knowledge .................................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Structural knowledge ...................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Strategy use and reading behavior ..................................................................................... 33 4.3 Reader perceptions and attitudes ........................................................................................ 40 4.3.1 Reading habits and reading skills .................................................................................... 41 4.3.2 Attitudes toward non-authentic and authentic materials in class .................................... 43 5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 45 5.1 Reading comprehension of non-authentic and authentic material .................................. 45 5.2 Reading behavior and reading strategy use ....................................................................... 46 5.3 Pupils’ perceptions ............................................................................................................... 48 5.4 Implications for classroom reading practices .................................................................... 49 5.5 Limitations and further research ........................................................................................ 51 6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 54 References ........................................................................................................................... 55 Appendices Appendix 1: Non-authentic text 1 Appendix 2: Non-authentic text 2 Appendix 3: Authentic text 1 Appendix 4: Authentic text 2 Appendix 5: Reading strategy checklist (Hosenfeld et al. 1981) Appendix 6: Interview questions Appendix 7: Original transcriptions in Finnish 4 List of tables Table 1. Unfamiliar words and erroneous translations in non-authentic text. ............ 27 Table 2. Unfamiliar words and erroneous translations in authentic text. .................... 29 Table 3. Guessed (G) and skipped (S) words in authentic and non-authentic texts. ... 34 Table 4. Instances of strategy use in non-authentic text. ................................................ 35 Table 5. Instances of strategy use in authentic text. ....................................................... 37 Table 6. Words stopped at during reading. ..................................................................... 38 Abbreviations CEFR Common European framework of references ETR experience-text-relationship ERST explicit reading strategy training FL foreign language FNCC Finnish national core curriculum L1 first language (mother tongue) L2 second language TOEFL test of English as a foreign language 5 1 Introduction Using literature in language education has grown in popularity worldwide over the past few decades (Alkhaleefah 2017). Proponents stress that literary language enhances language awareness and acquisition by providing ‘a wide range of language patterns, vocabulary words, idioms, and metaphors’ (Ghosn 2013: 18). In this way readers learn ‘how language means and not only what language means’ (Carter & McRae 2002: 10 as cited in Ghosn 2013: 18). However, the international popularity of using literature in the language classroom has not gained tracking in Finland. Traditionally, Finnish foreign language teaching has been heavily textbook oriented and continues to be so today. A large-scale study of mother tongue and foreign language text practices in Finland found that foreign language teachers consider textbooks and exercise books to be the most important learning material with 98%
Recommended publications
  • PD GLADIATORS FITNESS NETWORK - SAMPLE SCHEDULE Now Operated by the Parkinson's Foundation
    PD GLADIATORS FITNESS NETWORK - SAMPLE SCHEDULE Now Operated by the Parkinson's Foundation Classes Instructor Location Facility MONDAY 10:45am - 11:45am Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff East Lake East Lake Family YMCA 11:00 am - 12:00 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Newnan Summit Family YMCA 11:00 am - 12:15 pm Optimizing Exercise (1st and 3rd M) LDBF Sandy Springs Fitness Firm 11:00 am - 12:15 pm Boxing Training for PD (I/II) LDBF Sandy Springs Fitness Firm 11:15 am - 12:10 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Canton G. Cecil Pruett Comm. Center Family YMCA 11:30 am - 12:25 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Chamblee Cowart Family/Ashford Dunwoody YMCA 11:35 am - 12:25 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Lawrenceville J.M. Tull-Gwinnett Family YMCA 12:00pm - 12:45pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Cumming Forsyth County Family YMCA 12:30 pm - 1:30pm Boxing Training for PD (III/IV) LDBF Sandy Springs Fitness Firm 1:00 pm - 1:30 pm PD Group Cycling YMCA Staff Cumming Forsyth County Family YMCA 1:20pm - 2:15pm PD Group Cycling YMCA Staff Alpharetta Ed Isakson/Alpharetta Family YMCA 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm Knock Out PD - Boxing TITLE Boxing Staff Kennesaw TITLE Boxing Club Kennesaw 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Dance for Parkinson's Paulo Manso de Sousa Newnan Southern Arc Dance TUESDAY 10:30 am - 11:15 am Dance for Parkinson's Paulo Manso de Sousa Newnan Southern Arc Dance 10:30 am - 11:30 am Ageless Grace Lori Trachtenberg Vinings Kaiser Permanente (members only) 10:30 am - 11:15 am Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Covington Covington Family YMCA 11:00 am - 12:00 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Decatur South DeKalb Family YMCA 11:00 am - 12:15 pm Boxing Training for PD (I/II) LDBF Sandy Springs Fitness Firm 11:30 am - 12:00 pm PD Group Cycling YMCA Staff Kennesaw Northwest Family YMCA 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm Dance for Parkinson's Eleanor/Rob Rogers Cumming Still Pointe Dance Studios 12:15 pm - 12:45 pm Parkinson's Movement Class YMCA Staff Buckhead Carl E.
    [Show full text]
  • Gladiators Handout
    Gladiators Handout Who were gladiators? Mostly unfree individuals such as condemned criminals, prisoners or war, slaves. Some were volunteers (freedmen or low class free-born men) who did it for fame and money. Women could be gladiators – called Gladeatrix – but these were rare. Different types of gladiatorial games • Animals in the arena - Venationes • Executions • Man vs man Q. What is the name of the arena (above) recreated for the film Gladiator (2000)? Q. How many people could it hold and when was it built? Types of gladiators Gladiators were distinguished by the kind of armour they wore, the weapons they used and their style of fighting. • Eques These would begin on horseback and usually finish fighting in hand-to-hand combat. • Hoplomachus These were heavy-weapons fighters who fought with a long spear and dagger. • Provocator These were attackers who were usually heavily armed. Generally, they were slower and less agile than the other fighters listed above. They wore pectoral covering the vulnerable upper chest, padded arm protector and one greave on his left leg. • Retiarius These were known as “net-men”, i.e. they fought with a net with a long trident and small dagger. They were the quickest and most mobile of all the fighters. They fought with practically no armour that made them more vulnerable to serious injuries during fights. • Bestiarius These were individuals who were trained to fight against wild animals such as tigers and lions. Mostly criminals were sentenced to fight in this role, they, however, would not be trained nor armed. They were the least popular of all the gladiator fighters.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS RELEASE MOTUL FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World
    PRESS RELEASE MIES, 23/01/2015 FOR MORE INFORMATION: ISABELLE LARIVIÈRE COMMUNICATION MANAGER [email protected] TEL +41 22 950 95 68 MOTUL FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World Championship 2015 Starting List – Final Series, updated 23, January (Changes in bold) N° RIDER FMN COUNTRY 1 Daniil Ivanov MFR Russia 2 Dimitry Koltakov MFR Russia 3 Dimitry Khomitsevich MFR Russia 4 Igor Kononov MFR Russia Stefan Svensson 5 SVEMO Sweden 6 Jan Klatovsky ACCR Czech Republic 7 Günther Bauer DMSB Germany 8 Stefan Pletschacher DMSB Germany 9 Per-Anders Lindström SVEMO Sweden 10 Franz Zorn OeAMTC Austria 11 Vitaly Khomitsevich MFR Russia 12 Hans Weber DMSB Germany 13 Mats Järf SML Finland 14 Antonin Klatovsky ACCR Czech Republic 15 Harald Simon OeAMTC Austria 16 FMNR Wild Card To be accepted by CCP Reserve 1 Reserve 2 11 ROUTE DE SUISSE TEL +41 22 950 95 00 CH – 1295 MIES FAX +41 22 950 95 01 [email protected] FOUNDED 1904 WWW.FIM-LIVE.COM Nominated Substitute Riders List N° RIDER FMN COUNTRY 19 Daniel Henderson SVEMO Sweden 20 Niclas Kallin Svensson SVEMO Sweden 21 Jimmy Olsen SVEMO Sweden 22 Ove Ledstrom SVEMO Sweden 23 Max Niedermaier DMSB Germany -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About the FIM (www.fim-live.com) The FIM (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) founded in 1904, is the governing body for motorcycle sport and the global advocate for motorcycling. The FIM is an independent association formed by 112 National Federations throughout the world. It is recognised as the sole competent authority in motorcycle sport by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Among its 50 FIM World Championships the main events are MotoGP, Superbike, Endurance, Motocross, Supercross, Trial, Enduro, Cross-Country Rallies and Speedway.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Llp
    EX PARTE OR LATE FILED HOGAN &HAKrsoN ORIGINAL LLP. DOCKET FILE COpy ORIGINAL COLUWBIA SQUARE 5511 THIRTEENTH STREET, NW MACE J. IOIINSTIIN WASHINGTON, DC 20004-1109 'AUNI.. DlDer DIAL (202) 631-M77 TIL (102) 657-6800 October 27, 1995 RECE/~D) 637·5910 OCl271995 BYHAND DELIVERY fal£RAL =~~i~~~:-S8ION The Secretary Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 Re: Notice ofEx Parte Presentation in MM Docket No. 93-48, Policies and Rules Concerning Children's Television Programming Dear Sir: Notice is hereby given that on October 26, 1995, representatives ofFox Broadcasting Company ("FBC") and its subsidiary, the Fox Children's Network ("FCN"), and the Fox Affiliates Association met with Commissioners James H. Quello and Rachelle B. Chong, Chiefof StaffBlair Levin, Counsel to the Chairman Julius Genachowski, and Legal Advisors Jane Mago, David R. Siddall and Lisa B. Smith in connection with the above-referenced proceeding. The meetings were attended by the following: Preston R. Padden, President, Network Distribution Fox Broadcasting Company Peggy K. Binzel, Senior Vice President - Government Relations The News Corporation Limited Margaret Loesch, President Fox Children's Network Patrick Mullen, Vice-Chairman Fox Affiliates Association Stuart Powell, Chairman, FCN Oversight Committee Fox Affiliates Association No. of Copiee rec'd CJd-/ ListABCDE --. LOItDON ...... I'IIAGW WMMW UL'l'DIOa,Ie .-rHaIM,lID OOLOIIADO U'IIINOI, 00 ......00 1iICUAN. VA •AJ/IIiI1IM CJIiDI HOGAN &HAlrrsoN L.L.P. The Secretary October 27, 1995 Page 2 The purpose ofthe meetings was to present and discuss (1) the results ofa survey ofthe types and amount of children's educational and informational programming broadcast by FCN and its affiliates, and (2) a videotape featuring examples ofthe children's educational and informational programming produced by FCN.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectators and Gladiators in the US Environmental Movement, 2000-2010
    Survivor: Spectators and Gladiators in the US Environmental Movement, 2000-2010 Soon Seok Park and Andrew Raridon Social Movement Studies 16(6):721-734. Abstract: What motivates people to participate in which forms of environmental activism? To address this question, we revise empirical models examining environmental activism by disaggregating the outcome variable of movement participation and dichotomizing two key motivational factors. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the US General Social Survey of 2000 and 2010, this study conducts logistic regression of four forms of participation on perceived severity and sense of efficacy, while accounting for biographical availability and political engagement. Results from regression analysis show that vocabularies of motive have substantial impacts on an individual’s likelihood of: 1) signing a petition; 2) giving money; 3) joining a group; and 4) joining a protest or demonstration. Their effects are large enough to override the noticeable impacts of liberalism and education. This study also finds that the level of participation in the movement across all forms has decreased between 2000 and 2010. These findings direct our attention to the limited capacity of the public sphere to accommodate the environmental movement during the last decade, as well as to potential changes in environmental activism in the coming decades that may mobilize those previously less likely to participate. Keywords: environmental movement, vocabularies of motive, movement participation, liberalism, education, United States Correspondence Address: Soon Seok Park, 700 W. State Street Stone Hall 341 West Lafayette, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. United States Notes on Contributors Soon Seok Park is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at Purdue University.
    [Show full text]
  • American Gladiators
    HIRTY-FOUR YEARS ago an Elvis imper- sonator named John Ferraro and an iron- worker named Dan Carr took over a high school gym and put on a fund-raiser produc- tion for the people of Erie, Pa., originally called King of the County. The show was a Rust Belt rethinking of the coliseum spec- tacles of ancient Rome, in which strong men fought to the death for entertainment’s sake. The locals who accepted this challenge were far from mythic. They were electricians, truck drivers, car dealers—anyone who would savagehisneighbor for$500. The featsof Muscleheads, patriotic strength in which they engaged were crude: arm wrestling, tug-of-war. The whole thing spandex and colossal was set to music; 5,000 people showed up. Ferraro had the good sense to hire a camera Q-tips—the inside story crew, as he hoped to sell the idea as a movie. of how a half-baked (Carr bowed out.) But when he finally got in front of Hollywood macher Samuel Gold- backwoods movie idea wyn Jr., Goldwyn told Ferraro that what he had on his hands was a much smaller produc- made reality TV history tion, something that would work better on TV. and reaped ratings gold For seven years American Gladiators— revised on TV to pit Average Joes against a team of superfit pros—enthralled a curious nation with its star-spangled spandex onesies, campy stage names, blow-dried personali- ties and punishing hits. When Bill Clinton copped to watching A M E R I C A N theshow intheWhiteHouse,it went from being a fratty, ironic viewing choice—“Star Search for the working man,” Ferraro calls it—to a cult hit.
    [Show full text]
  • Saturday Morning, Oct. 31
    SATURDAY MORNING, OCT. 31 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 VER COM Good Morning America (N) (cc) KATU News This Morning - Sat (cc) 41035 Emperor New The Replace- That’s So Raven That’s So Raven Hannah Montana Zack & Cody 2/KATU 2 2 54847 68615 ments 99073 36615 64899 (TVG) 7219 8948 5:00 The Early Show (N) (cc) Busytown Mys- Noonbory-7 Fusion 96412 Garden Time Busytown Myster- Noonbory-7 Paid 54035 Paid 82219 Paid 31509 Paid 32238 6/KOIN 6 6 (Cont’d) 939054 teries (N) 67829 82306 95783 ies (N) 86035 17493 Newschannel 8 at Sunrise at 6:00 Newschannel 8 at 7:00 (N) (cc) 87851 Willa’s Wild Life Babar (cc) Shelldon (cc) Jane & the Paid 26677 Paid 27306 8/KGW 8 8 AM (N) (cc) 24493 (N) (cc) 70801 (TVY7) 34031 (TVY7) 72431 Dragon 70865 A Place of Our Donna’s Day Mama-Movies Angelina Balle- Animalia (TVY) WordGirl (TVY7) The Electric Com- Fetch! With Ruff Victory Garden P. Allen Smith’s Sewing With Martha’s Sewing 10/KOPB 10 10 Own 22798 14431 47257 rina: Next 26764 46054 45325 pany 36677 Ruffman 67035 (N) (TVG) 85293 Garden 25561 Nancy 82257 Room 83986 Good Day Oregon Saturday (N) 872580 Paid 30493 Paid 54073 Dog Tales (cc) Animal Rescue Into the Wild Gladiators 2000 Saved by the Bell 12/KPTV 12 12 (TVG) 85431 (TVG) 90851 50257 77325 78054 Portland Public Affairs 80615 Paid 46783 Paid 25290 Paid 46696 Paid 45967 Paid 36219 Paid 74967 Paid 54702 Paid 66851 Paid 67580 22/KPXG 5 5 Sing Along With Dooley & Pals Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hiking Dix Mountain
    FREE! COVERING SEPTEMBER UPSTATE NY 2016 SINCE 2000 Hiking Dix Mountain CONTENTS A Scenic Trail with 1 Hiking & Backpacking Dix Mountain Expansive Lookouts 3 Running & Walking By Bill Ingersoll Leaves, Pumpkins & ▲ HIKERS REACHING THE DIX his trail is arguably the most scenic approach to Dix By all means, make the short SUMMIT ARE REWARDED WITH Fall Classics THIS PERFECT VIEW OF GOTHICS. Mountain, the sixth highest peak in the High Peaks. Although side trip if you have the time. BILL INGERSOLL 5 News Briefs T it is nearly seven miles long, there are several attractive If you are planning to linger, landmarks to enjoy along the way: Round Pond, the North Fork 5 From the Publisher & Editor note that Round Pond has been stocked with brook trout. Boquet and its lean-to, and the brief traverse of Dix’s northern The main trail bears right at the junction and circles through 6-9 CALENDAR OF EVENTS slide. Although Bob Marshall and other hikers in the 1920s found the birch forest to Round’s northern shore. Of all the Round September to cause for complaint in the condition of the trail after the twin fires Ponds in the Adirondack Park, this is one of the few in which November Events of 1903 and 1913, many of those sins have been erased by the pas- the name is almost geometrically appropriate. The trail passes sage of time. The one fault that remains is the steepness that exists close around the shore, with numerous opportunities to enjoy 11 Bicycling on the uppermost portion of the trail, above the slide.
    [Show full text]
  • The BG News October 18, 1996
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU BG News (Student Newspaper) University Publications 10-18-1996 The BG News October 18, 1996 Bowling Green State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news Recommended Citation Bowling Green State University, "The BG News October 18, 1996" (1996). BG News (Student Newspaper). 6068. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/6068 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in BG News (Student Newspaper) by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Opinion H E Tom Mather gets a busy signal. Page 2 Nation Browns Backers coming to Proposition 209 decided by Saturday's football game against ballot. Ball State. Page 7 Page 3 NEWS Friday, October 18, 1996 Bowling Green, Ohio Volume 83, Issue 180 The News' Liquor Screw Jump Briefs Aspen chamber en- agents semble opening for Forefront Series Aspen Music Festival's arrest chamber ensemble, SOUNDINGS, will present the opening concert on the Music at the Forefront Se- ries on Oct. 25 at the Uni- in city versity. The free perform- ance is scheduled for 8 p.m. in Bryan Recital Hall of the Brandon Wray Moore Musical Arts Center. The BC News The appearance is spon- sored by the College of Mu- If you were sitting in one of sical Arts' MidAmerican Bowling Green's numerous bar Center for Contemporary and grills this weekend drinking Music.
    [Show full text]
  • Received by Hand Delivery
    OOCKET RLE COPY ORIGiNAl GARDNER, CARTON & DOUGLAS 1301 K STREET, N.W. SUITE 900, EAST TOWER WRITER'S DIRECT DIAL NUMBER WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JAMES K. EDWJNDSON (202) 408-7100 (202) 408-7162 FAX: (202) 269-1504 INTERNET gcdlawdc@gcd com July 3, 1997 RECEIVED BY HAND DELIVERY Mr. William F. Caton JUL - 3 1997 Acting Secretary fEDSW. COMIIJtc'A11ONS COMMISSIoN Federal Communications Commission OFFICE OF THE SECRETNIY 1919 M Street, N.W. Room 222 Washington, D.C. 20554 Re: MM Docket Nos. 91-221, 87-8, .~2-51 and 87-154 Dear Mr. Caton: Enclosed herewith on behalf of our client, TV 55, LLC, licensee of WFVT(TV) , Channel 55, Rock Hill, South Carolina are an original and four copies of its Response to LMA Inquiry, which the Commission requested in its Public Notice, DA 97-1246 released June 17, 1997. Please direct inquiries concerning this response to the undersigned. Respectfully submitted, ,~,~~ 1<, ~- L.. ermes K. Edmundson JKE/kkj cc (w/encl. ) Paul J. Feldman, Esq. Counsel for Capitol Broadcasting Company, Inc. 75691-1/199500-1 199500.1 3501 Performance Road Charlotte. North Carolina 28214 (71l4) 3LJX-Il046 5S Post Office Box 668400 Fax 1/1l41 3LJ3-X407 Charlotte. North Carolina 28266-8400 Rock Hill (XIl31324-'\'i'\O July 2, 1997 Mr. William F. Caton Acting Secretary Federal Communications Commission Room 222 1919 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20554 Re: MM Docket Nos. 91-221, 87-8,94-150,92-51 and 87-154 Dear Mr. Caton: There is enclosed herewith the response ofTV55, LLC, licensee ofWFVT (TV), Rock Hill, South Carolina, to the Commission's Public Notice, DA 97-1246, released June 17, 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Maijastina Kahlos
    | Kahlos, CV and publications TUHAT Maijastina Kahlos EDUCATION 1998 Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Finland major subject: Latin language and Roman literature 1991 Magister Philosophiae, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, major subject: general history, minor subject: Finnish history CURRENT POSITION 2014 – University researcher (senior research fellow), “Reason and Religious Recognition” Centre of Excellence, Academy of Finland, Faculty of Theology, University of Helsinki. The project: Alienation, Adaptation, Accommodation: Imperial and ecclesiastical discourses of control and religious dissenters in the late Roman Empire in 350–450. PREVIOUS POSITIONS 2011 – 2014 Research Fellow, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, with my own project Rhetoric and realities in the late Roman Empire: Imperial and ecclesiastical discourses of control and religious dissenters in the years 300 to 450. I organised an academic colloquium “Emperors and the Divine: Rome and Beyond” (January 2014) from which I edited a peer-reviewed volume of articles (CollEGium, 2016). 2005 – 2011 Academy Research Fellow, Academy of Finland, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Finland, with my own research project From Defence to Assault: The Transformation of Polemical Strategies in Christian Literature in 300–340, and published the monograph Forbearance and Compulsion: Rhetoric of Tolerance and Intolerance in Late Antiquity (2009). I led the Faces of the other: Otherness in the late Roman world research project with four doctoral candidates preparing their dissertations. I edited a volume of articles The Faces of the other: Religious Rivalry and Ethnic Encounters in the later Roman world (2012). 2000-2005 Postdoctoral researcher, Academy of Finland, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Finland, with my own research project Debate and Dialogue: Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity; I published the monograph Debate and Dialogue: Christian and Pagan Cultures, c.
    [Show full text]
  • Survivors' Recount Fiery Last Moments of KA
    JJNIV1:KS1l'I' OF HAWAll UBRJUl arianas %rietYr;~ Micronesia's Leading Newspaper Since 1972 ~ ews Boria.. slams Gov.· Tenorio's status overtures: oto public' By Zaldy Dandan that happening. dependent Northern Marianas. make it clear to Congress that his "But we're adults, and we Variety News Staff Most of the local residents "It's his personal opinion, and "request" for an independent or a should sit down, negotiate and try ONLY the people of the CNMI would prefer that the CNMI re­ it should stay that way-it is not freely associated state status is his to arrive at a compromise." can ask the United States to grant main in political union with the the opinion of a majority of the (Tenorio) opinion alone. In a media conference Wednes­ independence to the Northern Unites States, Borja said, react­ people," Borja, who is running Borja, at the same, reiterated day, Tenorio said if the Clinton Marianas, and Lt. Gov. Jesus C. ing to Gov. Froilan C. Tenorio's against Tenorio, said. that CNMI should pursue nego­ administration continues to insist Borja yesterday said he can't see statement Wednesday on an in- The governor, he added, shou Id tiations with the Clinton adminis­ on the federalization of the tration through the Covenant Sec­ CNMI's immigration and mini­ tion 902 talks. mum wage policies, he would ask "We should state our position Congress to grant independence in a reasonable and cogent man­ or a "freely associated state" sta­ ner," he said. tus to the Northern Marianas. Tenorio' s "attitude," Borja said, He said the CNMI will survive "is, 'If you make me angry I'll being independent, but not with­ take the marbles and go home.' Continued on page 54 Survivors' recount fiery last moments of KA 801 By JU-YEON KIM it went down in a heavy rain­ , AGANA, Guam (AP) - A Ko­ storm on approach to the air­ rean Air jetliner shook viole!1tly port.
    [Show full text]