CLERMONT II Hassan SAFA Docteur D'université

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CLERMONT II Hassan SAFA Docteur D'université N° D. U. : 2668 EDSVSAE : N° d'ordre : 682 UNIVERSITE BLAISE PASCAL – CLERMONT II Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la vie, Santé, Agronomie, Environnement THESE Présentée par Hassan SAFA pour obtenir le grade de Docteur d’Université Spécialité : Nutrition & Sciences des aliments Réduction combinée en chlorure de sodium et en matière grasse animale lors de la fabrication du saucisson sec « Effets sur les propriétés physicochimiques et les réactions biochimiques en lien avec la production aromatique et les attributs sensoriels » Directeur de thèse : Pierre-Sylvain MIRADE Soutenue publiquement le 25 Janvier 2016 devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme BERRI Cécile Directrice de Recherches – INRA Nouzilly M. COLLIGNAN Antoine Professeur – Montpellier SupAgro Membres : M. LEBERT André Professeur – Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand M. SALLES Christian Directeur de Recherches – INRA Dijon M. GATELLIER Philippe Ingénieur de Recherches – INRA Theix (Co-encadrant de thèse) M. MIRADE Pierre-Sylvain Chargé de Recherches – INRA Theix (Directeur de thèse) M. PICGIRARD Laurent Ingénieur Chargé de projet – ADIV Clermont-Ferrand (invité) Dédicace Á la mémoire de mon oncle Souheil. Á mes parents, mon espoir immortel. Á ma sœur, mon sourire exceptionnel. Á mon frère, mon ange Gabriel. Á mes nièces Léa et Maria, ma joie éternelle. Á toi, le guide attendu, toute ma reconnaissance… Remerciements ‘’Celui qui a de la charité dans son cœur a toujours quelque chose à donner’’ Je tiens, tout d'abord, à exprimer mes plus vives reconnaissances à l’encontre de Monsieur Pierre-Sylvain MIRADE, qui m'a soutenu tout au long de ce travail et à la direction avisée, fidèle et exigeante qu’il a eue et à laquelle cette thèse doit beaucoup. Mes sincères remerciements vont aussi à mes encadrants, Messieurs Philippe GATELLIER et Jean-Louis BERDAGUE, pour leurs conseils judicieux, tout au long de la préparation de cette thèse. Je remercie également, Monsieur Alain KONDJOYAN, le directeur de l’unité QuaPA et Madame Véronique SANTE-LHOUTELLIER, la responsable de l’équipe Biochimie et Protéines du Muscle (BPM), pour leur aide et leur soutien durant ces trois années de recherche enrichissantes. Je remercie Madame Cécile BERRI, Directrice de Recherches à l’INRA de Nouzilly, ainsi que Monsieur Antoine COLLIGNAN, Professeur à Montpellier SupAgro, d’avoir accepté la lourde charge de rapporter mon travail de thèse. Je leur exprime toute ma reconnaissance pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont porté à ce travail. À Monsieur Christian SALLES, Directeur de Recherches INRA au sein de l’UMR CSGA de Dijon, et Monsieur Philippe GATELLIER, Ingénieur de Recherches au sein de l’unité QuaPA, l’un de mes encadrants, j’exprime ma profonde gratitude pour avoir accepté de juger ma thèse en tant qu’examinateurs. Que Monsieur André LEBERT, Professeur de l’Université Blaise Pascal et chercheur au sein de l’UMR Institut Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, soit remercié pour avoir représenté l’Université Blaise Pascal et l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie, Santé, Agronomie, Environnement dans mon jury de thèse. Je remercie aussi les membres de mon comité de thèse : Madame Régine TALON, Monsieur Laurent GUILLIER, Madame Nathalie KONDJOYAN, Monsieur Laurent PICGIRARD et Monsieur Denys DURAND pour les conseils précieux qu’ils ont pu et su me donner lors des réunions constructives que nous avons eues. Un merci du fond du cœur à mes financeurs Libanais, en l’occurrence Monsieur le Ministre Yassine JABER et l'Association de Spécialisation et d’Orientation Scientifique, ainsi qu’au Conseil Régional d’Auvergne pour la bourse qu’il m’a attribuée en lien avec ma participation à un congrès scientifique à l’étranger. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements à Messieurs Jean-Dominique DAUDIN, Thierry ASTRUC, Erwan ENGEL pour tous leurs conseils et leurs remarques. Je remercie toute l’équipe Imagerie et Transferts de l’Unité QuaPA, sans exception ; un merci spécial à Stéphane PORTANGUEN pour sa créativité dans les montages expérimentaux, également à Raphaël FAVIER pour son aide durant certaines de mes expérimentations. Un grand Merci à l’équipe BPM de QuaPA, notamment à Laurent AUBRY et Claude FERREIRA pour leur aide technique et leur gentillesse. Je remercie également Frédéric MERCIER de m’avoir aidé dans les analyses au sein de l’équipe MASS. Je remercie également l’ADIV et spécialement Monsieur Laurent PICGIRARD pour m’avoir permis d’utiliser certains de leurs équipements et pour avoir participé au jury de soutenance de ma thèse en tant que personne invitée. A vous Anne, Caroline, Cristelle, Diaa, Hanadi, Jihène, Khaled, Laure, Marwa, Rachid et Rami cette aventure n’aurait pas été la même si je ne vous ai pas rencontrés. Merci pour votre amitié, votre soutien permanent et les bons moments partagés ensemble. Je remercie également les personnes Ressources Informatiques de l’Unité QuaPA, Jean-Michel AUBERGER et Pascal TOURNAYRE pour leurs disponibilités, ainsi qu’Eliane BACHELARD, Françoise LASSALAS, et Mathilda SERPOLLIER pour leurs contributions administratives, financières et comptables. Finalement, merci à tout le personnel de l’unité QuaPA pour l’ambiance générale et leur accueil chaleureux. Je remercie mes amis, Hussein, Ihabe, Khodor et Mahmoud pour m’avoir écouté et soutenu pendant les périodes dures de la thèse. Des personnes plus intimes méritent des remerciements plus profonds, à eux je dédie ce travail. Je remercie ceux qui ont fait de moi ce que je suis, ceux grâce à qui tant d'années d'études ont été possibles, ma mère et mon père. C’est à vous que je dois cette réussite, et j’ai le plaisir de vous l’offrir. Je remercie du fond de mon cœur ma sœur et mon frère Laya l et Ali ainsi que mon beau-frère Wassim, Je remercie toute ma famille. Enfin, à la source de mes joies, mes nièces Léa et Maria. Merci pour m’avoir remonté le moral avec vos sourires et vos regards angéliques... Merci à tous. Cordialement, avec tous mes respects. Hassan SAFA SOMMAIRE GENERAL Sommaire général AVANT-PROPOS Liste des communications .................................................................................................... p I Résumé .............................................................................................................................. p III Abstract .............................................................................................................................. p IV Liste des abréviations, des figures et des tableaux ............................................................ p V Liste des abréviations ......................................................................................................... p V Liste des figures ................................................................................................................ p IX Liste des tableaux ........................................................................................................... p XVI INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ p 1 PLAN DE TRAVAIL ........................................................................................................... p 6 Chapitre 1 : REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... p 7 1.2. Article n°1 (projet à soumettre à Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition)… ...................................................................................................................................... p 8 1.3. Conclusions de l’étude bibliographique ................................................................. p 43 Chapitre 2 : MATERIELS et METHODES 2.1. Fabrication des saucissons secs (articles n°2 et 4) ................................................ p 45 2.1.1. Première série de fabrication ............................................................................ p 45 2.1.2. Seconde série de fabrication ............................................................................. p 46 2.1.3. Procédure de fabrication de saucissons secs .................................................... p 48 2.2. Composition chimique des saucissons secs (articles n°2 et 4) ............................ p 50 2.2.1. Teneur en eau ................................................................................................... p 50 2.2.2. Teneur en sel .................................................................................................... p 50 2.2.3. Teneur en lipides .............................................................................................. p 51 2.3. Analyses physicochimiques (articles n°2 et 4) ...................................................... p 52 2.3.1. Perte de poids ................................................................................................... p 52 2.3.2. Activité de l’eau ............................................................................................... p 52 2.3.3. Valeurs de pH ................................................................................................... p 52 2.4. Analyses biochimiques (articles n°2 et 4) ............................................................. p 53 2.4.1. Indice de protéolyse .......................................................................................... p 53 Sommaire général 2.4.2. Lipolyse ............................................................................................................ p 53 2.4.3. Oxydation lipidique .........................................................................................
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