DOCSLIB.ORG

[Pennsylvania County Histories]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
[Pennsylvania County Histories] t*«5s . *.'*.*?■ • ' " ■ ' : ; £Hv^i 22 - • v~ - ■ • . ■ 8 ..... ...__ *:r; .• •*• ;V.. • .. • • : • • •*** •: ;■ **• ■■-... ■ • Y.:.v.':;v -■ '~:.£ZlE& : ■ ■ -• .. r • • •••■ ... .»*• ' u. «*»»»*« .* : 1 ...»».»••••.*«i i > i m lit 11 ..... ... -v; :;v ' v»-»».. ..■» •** • V ... •w ';:.y W.V ■■■■... ■■ • v.'-ayiassn^sig .v-*«;gtte3api;r. vciiiSSSSi. ,;.v;v.::.:;-W... S3rfegasy«:-w:*-?-:. r.w.- -vv • ■ ■■; : ' -v .'••■■. ■ . -vv :• ' '. ■ ■ ' ■ Y;.,.. - - 3= s- A f 7V'-/ jP // V- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Thip project is made possible by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education through the Office of Commonwealth Libraries https://archive.org/details/pennsylvaniacoun90unse % From,... .l/.._ .. ..C/aA Date,' .Di. ANOTHKR AN(/jXNT PAPER Lnd we wUl Put Money its Genuineness. Mr. D C. Hook, of Glade Run, drop¬ ped in at our office a few days ago and left with us, for examination, the Demo cmtic Advocate, which was in the year 1843, “issued every Friday morning at Warren, Warren county, Pennsylvania, by 8. J. Goodiich.” The copy before us bears the date of November 3 -d 1843. In looking over the • Advocate’s editorial columns there is no doubt left in the mind as to the politics of the publication, which constitutes about the only obj ctionable feature of the paper—it was democratic and a free trader. At that time the Advocrte seems to have had a hot tariff discus¬ sion on its hands, and gives Henry Clay a turning ovef wlvch he, perhaps, never forgot up to his “dying day.” While we would not detract in the In that early day of American politics least from the honorable record of the the work of applying complimentary appellations to candidates and party Hon. gentleman referred to in the ! above, yet in point of years the Hon. representatives was reduced to a fine S. P. Johnson, of Warren, has the art, and one article, referring to the honor of a longer record, both as to intention of the whigs with regard to their action on the tariff, starts out in length of life and service, as an attor¬ ney. this unctuous way: “When you hear Judge Johnson was born in January a federal'slang-whanger’ ” etc. It ap¬ 1809 in Venango county and studied pears also that parties in that day ei- law at Danville, then in Columbia perienced the same trouble of keepirg bolters in line as they do now. county, m the office of Hon. Robt. C. Greer, afterwards of the Supreme The first page of the Advocate con¬ Court. tains a long poem with the imposing j title, “Address to the World,” a “Story Judge Johnson was admitted to the of the Much Wronged. Man” and a bar on the third of November 1833 at column of humorous matter. Then Sunbury, Northumberland county, un¬ follows the editorial and political page der Judge Ellis Davis the first day that and two pages of advertisements. honorable gentleman sat on the bench, Among the latter are the bufiness and Judge Davis was wont to call cards of “L. T. Parmlee, attorney and Judge Johnson his first born in the counsellor at lawj” an announcement legal profession. of a new arrangement whereby “T. Judge Johnson settled at Franklin Strut’ners and 8. P. Johnson have this after he was admitted to the bar and d«y associated with them in the came to Warren 58 years ago, during proctice of law, Rasselas Brown, e?q.,” which time he engaged in the active dated August 28,1840. practice of the law, and although he withdrew from in the Warren county 2 How a Gang of Woodsmen Robbed courts two years ago on account of de-| Fohr Visitors and Hoi'' the fective hearing he has continued to at¬ Thieves Were Captured nd the tend to his office practice, making a Goods Recovered—Where i'lucJk term of 60 years of a active practice in Beat Muscle. the profession, and only left his office on the last day of 1892 on account of I had succeeded in getting business sickness. at both the "Blue Store” and “Che¬ quered” front into a prosperous condi¬ I As senior member of the firm of tion. 1 had a good force of clerks; money Johnson, Lindsey & Parmlee, the judge was easy and plenty, and, believing that “all werk and no play makes Jack a is frequently consulted. Last week the dull boy,” 1 listened with bated breath firm received a letter from to stories of good trout fishing and fine parties in Lancaster with shooting on the western slope of the Allegheny Mountains, about 30 mile? reference to the title to some above Warren, Pa., which were told in lands in Warren county, of the Lan-j an entrancing manner by John Gal¬ braith, a fine, big, broad-shouldered law¬ caster Land Company. The matter yer of Scottish descent, who tempted was placed in the hands of Judge me day in and day out to leave tin Johnson Who wrote a long history of shop, the making of sordid wealth and to fly with him to the mountains. There ttys-Jtlnds east of the river in his we would find rest, ozone and renewed ''opinion. • youth; we would live on speckled trout broiled ou a willow stick, basted with The Judge is also engaged in writing fat, juicy slices of mess pork, the suc¬ the history of the judiciary of this culent woodcock and the white meat ol the wood pheasant, together with sa county, four chapters, of which, eachj vory dishes of frogs’ legs and solid ac¬ about the length of the ordinary ser¬ companiment of pork and beans, anc mon, have been completed and read potatoes roasted in wood ashes, and we would drink our fill of “nature’s best’ before the legal association. This his¬ out of pure mountain springs uncon tory has been brought up tothe jurisdic¬ ta ruinated by surface drainage or any other drainage. tion Of Judge Gaylord Church. Judge Galbraith was no novice at camping Johnson is the only man living who , out. He knew it all, and when he said he would take charge, would build the had a personal acquaintance with all I camp, would cook the game and would the judges of this county. catch the fish, I joyfully assented. With In his long career he has never been a grain bag filled with just the things we needed (and nothing else), a shol out of his office,nor kept from hisbusi-1 gun, a seven-barreled ride, fishing rods ness in court on account of sickness and fishing lines and hooks and flies away we went in the latter part of the until the last day of 1892. The Judge month of August; and by a special is improving and growing stronger permit were dropped at a place called daily and will, no deubt, soon be able Palmer’s Mill, a few miles from the summit of the Allegheny Mouutains to be around again. / on the Philadelphia and Erie Railway. Galbraith shouldered the bag of pro¬ visions and led off with big strides right into the wilderness, and 1 followed with guns and fishing things as fasl as I could. A spot was selected aboui a mile and a half from the railroad on "Two Mile Run,” for our camp Galbraith, with a sharp axe, soon chopped down a few saplings to forn; the frame work of our “Tabernacle oi the Woods,” which he deftly covered with boughs. And after cutting some hemlock branches for our couch he pronounced the work good, and the job perfect. We jointed our rods, and soon were whipping the stream, whicl: yielded plenty of speckled trout of aboui half a pound each and under. We caught, the first afternoon, about 70 To see the limb of the law clean the fish, run a willow wand through theii gills, and between each pair of troui impale a slice of pork as thin as a wafer, then over a bright fire of dry Thomas Martindale Continues hickory wood pa>ss the stick with its precious load to and fro until the riel: His Reminiscences of the Days incense of the mountain stream’s rar¬ est treasures told us “it is enough,’ When Oil Was King. would fairly make you “jump for joy.’ John Galbraith was a woodsman. He was more—he was a poet who reveled Hunting and Fishing in the Woods With a in nature’s varying moods; a philos¬ opher who would rather dream greal Poetic Lawyer as a Companion._} II I this theory of his was unexpectedly put things, talk great things than a'ct them.'' to the test. It had rained almost every Never was man more lofty in ideal, day we wore up there' without rhyme, more pure in thought; but when it reason or forewarning. I suppose that came to 'action a certain indolence per¬ the vapor-laden clouds from the heated vaded his efforts, so that they some¬ surface of Lake Brie (which was less times went awry. At night we laid down with the twinkling stars for com¬ than a hundred miles distant) on strik¬ pany. The air was redolent and balmy ing against the cool timber-laden side3 with the sweet odor of pine balsam, of of the mountains at .onc-e discharged hemlock, spruce, maple, beech and ^ttheir aqueous contents, for the rains white wood. There was a roaring, log "came without the slightest trouble and !fire, a murmuring brook at our very so copious as to wet us through and | feet, babbling over its slippery bed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brodhead's Raid on the Senecas
    88 Brodhead's Raid on the Senecas BRODHEAD'S RAID ON THE SENECAS Story of the Little Known Expedition in 1779 from Fort Pitt to Destroy the Indian Villages on the Upper Allegheny. In August, 1779, Gen. Daniel Brodhead, commandant at Fort Pitt, led, by instruction of Gen. Geo. Washington, an expedition from the Forks of the Ohio to the headwater of the Allegheny river to assist in the destruction there of the villages and crops of the Seneca Indians. This was a scheme of military strategy designed by Wash- ington to break the alliance between these Indians and the English. Itwas completely successful. Brodhead was assisted by simultaneous contributory expeditions of like character one under command of Genl. Sullivan by way of the Susquehannah valley, the other from the Mohawk valley. The story of Brodhead's part in the venture was delightfully told in the following paper read on Nov. 27, 1923, by Mr. Stone before the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. The Colonial war between England and France, begun in 1745 lasted four years. The treaty of peace settled noth- ing in the New World and neither party relinquished its claim. Thereupon the French determined to secure a firmer foothold in the region west of the Alleghenies. By virtue of the discovery of the St. Lawrence and the Missis- sippi, it was their proud claim that the lilies of France should wave over all the territory bordering upon those streams and their tributaries. In the summer of 1749 Celoron, in command of a de- tachment of French troops, carried his boats over from Lake Erie to Chautauqua, and following the Conewango to its mouth, thence by the Allegheny down the Ohio to the Miami,and by that stream and the Maumee returned to the great Lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Perspectives on Its Purpose from Published Accounts Preston E
    SOME PERSPECTIVES ON ITS PURPOSE FROM PUBLISHED ACCOUNTS PRESTON E. PIERCE ONTARIO COUNTY HISTORIAN DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS, ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ERVICES CANANDAIGUA, NEW YORK 2019 (REPRINTED, UPDATED, AND REVISED 2005, 1985) 1 Front cover image: Sullivan monument erected at the entrance to City Pier on Lake Shore Drive, Canandaigua. Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission, 1929. Bronze tablet was a common feature of all monuments erected by the Commission. Image from original postcard negative, circa 1929, in possession of the author. Above: Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission tablet erected at Kashong (Yates County), Rt. 14, south of Geneva near the Ontario County boundary. 1929. Image by the author. 2004 2 Gen. John Sullivan. Image from Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution. v. I. 1860. p. 272. 3 Sullivan-Clinton Campaign monument (front and back) erected in 1929 in Honeoye. Moved several times, it commemorates the location of Ft. Cummings, a temporary base established by Sullivan as he began the final leg of his march to the Genesee River. Images by the author. Forward 4 1979 marked the 200th anniversary of the Sullivan-Clinton expedition against those Iroquois nations that allied themselves with Britain and the Loyalists during the American Revolution. It is a little-understood (more often misunderstood) military incursion with diplomatic, economic, and decided geo-political consequences. Unfortunately, most people, including most municipal historians, know little about the expedition beyond what is recorded on roadside markers. In 1929, during the sesquicentennial celebrations of the American Revolution, the states of New York and Pennsylvania established a special commission that produced a booklet, sponsored local pageants, and erected many commemorative tablets in both states.
    [Show full text]
  • Oriskany:Aplace of Great Sadness Amohawk Valley Battelfield Ethnography
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Ethnography Program Northeast Region ORISKANY:APLACE OF GREAT SADNESS AMOHAWK VALLEY BATTELFIELD ETHNOGRAPHY FORT STANWIX NATIONAL MONUMENT SPECIAL ETHNOGRAPHIC REPORT ORISKANY: A PLACE OF GREAT SADNESS A Mohawk Valley Battlefield Ethnography by Joy Bilharz, Ph.D. With assistance from Trish Rae Fort Stanwix National Monument Special Ethnographic Report Northeast Region Ethnography Program National Park Service Boston, MA February 2009 The title of this report was provided by a Mohawk elder during an interview conducted for this project. It is used because it so eloquently summarizes the feelings of all the Indians consulted. Cover Photo: View of Oriskany Battlefield with the 1884 monument to the rebels and their allies. 1996. Photograph by Joy Bilharz. ExEcuTivE SuMMARy The Mohawk Valley Battlefield Ethnography Project was designed to document the relationships between contemporary Indian peoples and the events that occurred in central New York during the mid to late eighteenth century. The particular focus was Fort Stanwix, located near the Oneida Carry, which linked the Mohawk and St. Lawrence Rivers via Wood Creek, and the Oriskany Battlefield. Because of its strategic location, Fort Stanwix was the site of several critical treaties between the British and the Iroquois and, following the American Revolution, between the latter and the United States. This region was the homeland of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy whose neutrality or military support was desired by both the British and the rebels during the Revolution. The Battle of Oriskany, 6 August 1777, occurred as the Tryon County militia, aided by Oneida warriors, was marching to relieve the British siege of Ft.
    [Show full text]
  • By GEORGE S. SNYDERMAN
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 149 Symposium on Local Diversity in Iroquois Culture No. 2. Concepts of Land Ownership Among the Iroquois and Their Neighbors By GEORGE S. SNYDERMAN 13 : a CONCEPTS OF LAND OWNERSHIP AMONG THE IROQUOIS AND THEIR NEIGHBORS ' By George S. Snyderman There are several valid reasons for an article dealing with concepts of landownership among the American Indians. First, it is highly desirable that the problem be reworked and restated in the light of ethnohistorical facts which may not have been fully utilized in the past. Second, it is important that the Indian be allowed some space to express his thoughts on the matter ; and third, we should attempt to understand the so-called "primitive" feeling for the land and in- quire whether any of these feelings have survived. It is impossible to exhaust either the source material or to answer with finality the many questions involved. I therefore quite arbi- trarily limit my discussion to exploration of the following (1) Basic Indian philosopliy toward the land. (2) The relationship of various segments of the society to landownei'Ship. (3) Changes in philosophy wrought by White contact. (4) Indian reactions to White conquest. That land is neither an item of booty to be won or lost nor a com- modity to be bought or sold is still clearly seen at this date in the philosophy of Seneca informants at Coldspring on Allegany Reser- vation, New York. Land is viewed as a gift from the "Maker"— gift which is necessary for survival. The earth itself is revered as the mother of man for she furnishes sustenance in the form of animals and plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Iroquois Council: Choosing Sides
    1 Revolutionary War Unit Iroquois Council: Choosing Sides TIME AND GRADE LEVEL One 45 or 50 minute class period in Grade 4 through 8. PURPOSE AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT QUESTIONS History is the chronicle of choices made by actors/agents/protagonists who, in very specific contexts, unearth opportunities and inevitably encounter impediments. During the Revolutionary War people of every stripe navigated turbulent waters. As individuals and groups struggled for their own survival, they also shaped the course of the nation. Whether a general or a private, male or female, free or enslaved, each became a player in a sweeping drama. The instructive sessions outlined here are tailored for upper elementary and middle school students, who encounter history most readily through the lives of individual historical players. Here, students actually become those players, confronted with tough and often heart-wrenching choices that have significant consequences. History in all its complexity comes alive. It is a convoluted, thorny business, far more so than streamlined timelines suggest, yet still accessible on a personal level to students at this level. In this simulation, elementary or middle school students convene as an Iroquois council in upstate New York, 1777. British agents are trying to convince Iroquois nations to take their side in the Revolutionary War. They come with a lavish display of gifts. True to Iroquois tradition, women as well as men attend this council. Each student assumes the persona of a young warrior, mother, older sachem, etc. The class is presented with relevant factors to consider—the numbers, strength, and allegiances of nearby white settlers; the decisions that other Native nations have made; the British promise that Native people west of the Appalachian Mountains can keep their land.
    [Show full text]
  • Chief Warrior of the Allegany Senecas. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2007)
    NA2. Bibliography Bibliography Abler, Thomas S. Cornplanter: Chief Warrior of the Allegany Senecas. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2007). ________ “Beavers and Muskets: Iroquois Military Fortunes in the Face of European Colonization. War in the Tribal Zone, ed. R. B. Ferguson and N. L Whitehead, (Santa Fe, 1992). ________. “European Technology and the Art of War in Iroquoia,” Cultures in Conflict: Current Archaeological Perspectives, ed. D. C. Tkaczuk and B. C. Vivian, (Calgary, 1989). Abram, Susan M. “`To Keep Bright the Bonds of Friendship’: The Making of a Cherokee-American Alliance During the Creek War,” Tennessee Historical Quarterly, 71 (September 2012), 228-257. Ackerman, Lillian. A Necessary Balance: Gender and Power among Indians on the Columbia Plateau. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003). Ackerman, William V. and Rick L. Bunch. “A Comparative Analysis of Indian Gaming in the United States.” American Indian Quarterly, 36 (Winter 2012), 49-74. Ackley, Kristina. “Reviewing Haudenosaunee Ties: Laura Cornelius Kellogg and the Idea of Unity In the Oneida Land Claim, AICRJ, 32 (2008), 57-81. Adams, David Wallace. Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875-1928, (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995). Adelman, Jeremy and Stephen Aron. “From Borderlands to Borders: Empires, Nation- States and the People In Between in North American History,” AHR, 104 (1999), 814-41. Agnew, Brad. “Wilma Mankiller,” in The New Warriors: Native American Leaders since 1900, ed. R. David Edmunds, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001). Akee, Randal K. Q., Katherine A. Spilde and Jonathan B. Taylor. “The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and its Effect on American Indian Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29 (Summer 2015), 185-208.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution
    524 THE NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution. By Alan Taylor. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Pp. xii, 546.$35.00 cloth; $16.95 paper.) Historians who have written about the Iroquois in the Revolu- tionary era have generally oriented their coverage to the war itself. As a narrative framework, the division and destruction of the Iro- Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/tneq/article-pdf/80/3/524/1791240/tneq.2007.80.3.524.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 quois Confederacy provides a tragic counterpoint to the birth of the United States that is hard to resist. In an enduring work like Barbara Graymont’s The Iroquois in the American Revolution (1972), the story of the Iroquois highlights the impact American independence had on native peoples. In less capable hands, the incident lends itself to florid accounts of noble but doomed Indians falling prey to the grinding march of Anglo-American civilization. Alan Taylor’s new book is one of several recent titles to revisit this terrain, and it is the most significant of the bunch. To its credit, it does not linger long on the battles of the war years. Instead, it focuses on the post- Revolutionary dispersal and dispossession of the Iroquois on both sides of the U.S.-Canadian border. Taylor correctly sees that the de- cline of the Iroquois had far more to do with the international politics of the post-Revolutionary settlement between Britain and the United States than with the war itself.
    [Show full text]
  • CORNPLANTER by Henry King Siebeneck Cornplanter Was a War Chief of the Seneca Indians
    CORNPLANTER By Henry King Siebeneck Cornplanter was a war chief of the Seneca Indians. At the start let me say that the word "Seneca" is not a Latin word and has no connection with the Roman author of that name: itis a corruption of the Dutch word "Sinnekar", meaning vermillion, and refers to the war-paint with which that tribe so often ornamented themselves. The Senecas were members of the Iroquois Confed- eration to which the Mohawks, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayu- gas and Tuscaroras belonged. Collectively they were known in Colonial days as The Six Nations. Their tradition—car- ries the beginning of their confederacy back to 1471 that date is fixed by a total eclipse of the sun "while the oak trees were inbud"—which took place in that year. Whether their tradition is reliaible or not Champlain found them banded together in 1609 when he joined the Algonquins in their war against the Iroquois and demonstrated to these forest dwellers the usefulness of fire-arms. The Iroquois soon afterward entered into an alliance with the Dutch pioneers who came up the Hudson River and remained true to the Dutch and their English successors in New York for a century and a half. The Iroquois' home settlements were in the central part of New York State, near the head of the Mohawk, Sus- quehanna and Genesee Rivers. These waterways gave them the means of easy approach to many distant points —they could paddle their war canoes down stream to the white frontier settlements, English and French. Each of the Six Nations was made up of Clans whose totems were the Bear, the Hawk, the Turtle, the Wolf, and so on, and all mem- bers of a clan were related to each other by blood.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME ED 304 351 SO 019 E31 TITLE Historic
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 304 351 SO 019 E31 TITLE Historic Pennsylvania Leaflets No. 1-41. 1960-1988. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 166p.; Leaflet No. 16, not included here, is out of print. Published during various years from 1960-1988. AVAILABLE FROMPennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, P.O. Box 1026, Harrisburg, PA 17108 ($4.00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020)-- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS History; Pamphlets; *Social Studies; *State History IDENTIFIERS History al Explanation; *Historical Materials; *Pennsylvania ABSTRACT This series of 41 pamphlets on selected Pennsylvania history topics includes: (1) "The PennsylvaniaCanals"; (2) "Anthony Wayne: Man of Action"; (3) "Stephen Foster: Makerof American Songs"; (4) "The Pennsylvania Rifle"; (5) "TheConestoga Wagon"; (6) "The Fight for Free Schools in Pennsylvania"; (7) "ThaddeusStevens: Champion of Freedom"; (8) "Pennsylvania's State Housesand Capitols"; (9) "Harrisburg: Pennsylvania's Capital City"; (10)"Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution"; (11) "A French Asylumon the Susquehanna River"; (12) "The Amish in American Culture"; (13)"Young Washington in Pennsylvania"; (14) "Ole Bull's New Norway"; (15)"Henry BoLquet and Pennsylvania"; (16)(out of print); (17) "Armstrong's Victoryat Kittanning"; (18) "Benjamin Franklin"; (19) "The AlleghenyPortage Railroad"; (20) "Abraham Lincoln and Pennsylvania"; (21)"Edwin L. Drake and the Birth of the
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Jemison (Dehgewanus), White Seneca Adoptee in New York
    MAKING THE REVOLUTION: AMERICA, 1763-1791 PRIMARY SOURCE COLLECTION “a large and powerful army of the rebels . was making rapid progress towards our settlement” The Revolutionary War experiences of Mary Jemison, (Dehgewanus), an Indian captive adopted by the Seneca * A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison, 1824___SELECTIONS The teenaged daughter of Scotch-Irish immigrants in Pennsylvania, Mary Jemison was captured in 1758 by French soldiers and Shawnee Indians raiding her family’s farm in Pennsylvania during the French and Indian War. With the sure knowledge that her parents and siblings had been killed, she feared for her life but was traded to two Seneca women as a replacement for their brother recently killed in battle. Soon given in marriage to a Delaware Indian, she settled in Seneca territory in western New York and lived there for the rest of her life. As an aging widow in 1823, she related her life experiences to a local physician who published her memoir the next year. Deemed accurate by historians, A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison became one of the most widely read and reprinted captivity narratives in American history. At the outset of the Revolutionary War, Jemison was a wife and mother in her thirties, living in the Seneca village of Little Beard’s Town in western New York. (see maps, pp. 2-3). The war came directly to her village with the Sullivan Campaign of 1779, ordered by Gen. Washington to eradicate Iroquois support for the British by destroying the Indian villages and farmland of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Tioga County
    OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE. A HISTORY OF Tioga County, New York. CHAPTER I. European Discoveries and Explorations The French in CanadaThe Puritans in New England The Dutch in New York Champlain Invades the Territory of the Mohawks The First Battle Dutch Troubles with the Indians Grant of the Pro vince of New York Conquest and Overthrow of the Dutch in the New Nether lands. FOUR hundred years ago the first Spanish adventurers landed on the shores of the American continent. Sailing under the patronage of Spain, Christopher Columhus, the daring Genoese, in 1492, made his wonderful discoveries. This event has generally been designated as the discovery of America, but it is evident that the first Europeans to visit the western hemisphere were Scandinavians, who colonized Iceland in A. D. 875, Green land in 983, and about the year 1000 had cruised southward as far as the Massachusetts coast. 2 () UR (;<_) UNTY A ND ITS PEOPLE. During all the ages that preceded these events, no grander coun try in every point of view ever awaited the approach of civiliza tion. With climate and soil diversified between the most remote extremes ; with thousands of miles of ocean shore, indented by magnificent harbors to welcome the world's commerce ; with many of the largest rivers of the globe draining its territory and forming natural highways for commerce ; with a system of lakes so im mense in area as to entitle them to the name of inland seas ; with mountains, hills and valleys laden with the richest minerals and almost exhaustless fuel ; and with scenery unsurpassed for grand eur, it needed only the Caucasian to transform a wilderness inhab ited only by savages, into the free, enlightened republic which is to-day the wonder and glory of the civilized world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shawnee Prophet and Handsome Lake
    The Shawnee Prophet and Handsome Lake DAVID EZZO Lancaster, New York The Frontier Zone The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the revitalization movements of Tenskwatawa (the Shawnee Prophet) and Handsome Lake of the Iroquois. Both of these revilalization movements took place within the context of a Frontier environment. Both the Shawnee and the Iroquois felt the effects of territorial expansion of the United States. Both the Shawnee and the Iroquois suffered from land loss, disease, depopulation and cultural disruption (cf. Howard 1981:1-23). Hudson (1977:13) has stated that the term "Frontier" denotes not only territorial or geographic expansion but also "the notion that the Frontier is a peculiar type of society, and, moreover, that the movement of the Frontier zone is a kind of social process, not merely a series of isolines on a map." Thus the geographical expansion by the United States and the social process on the Frontier worked together in laying the foundation of conditions that allowed for the development of both the Shawnee and Iroquois revitalization movements. Hudson notes that three essential variables can be used to identify a Frontier. These variables are time, location and population. For the purpose of this paper, the historical time frame is the late 18th and early 19th centuries (1799-1811). The locations involved are New York State and the Ohio Valley Region. The populations of concern are the Shawnee and Iroquois Indians. There are other important factors that are essential in the study of a Frontier zone. These other factors include the environment, economy, culture and, most importantly, for the concerns of the present paper, the historical interactions between "the people, institutions, and environment on the edge of the settled territory" (Hudson 1977:22).
    [Show full text]