INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Volume 77 May 2009 No. 5

SPOTLIGHT

Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by 1721–1722 the Editors

MINIREVIEW Vibrio vulnificus: Disease and Pathogenesis Melissa K. Jones and James D. 1723–1733 Oliver

MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS Cleavage of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 Zeynep Knust, Britta Blumenthal, 1835–1841 Is Required for Full Biologic Activity Klaus Aktories, and Gudula Schmidt The RNA Chaperone Hfq Is Involved in Stress Response Laura Fantappie`, Matteo M. E. 1842–1853 and Virulence in and Is a Pleiotropic Metruccio, Kate L. Seib, Francesca Regulator of Protein Expression Oriente, Elena Cartocci, Francesca Ferlicca, Marzia M. Giuliani, Vincenzo Scarlato, and Isabel Delany First Streptococcus pyogenes Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis Anne E. Kizy and Melody N. Neely 1854–1865 Screen Identifies Novel Virulence Determinants Contribution of the pst-phoU Operon to Cell Adherence by Catherine Cheng, Sharon M. 1936–1944 Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Virulence of Tennant, Kristy I. Azzopardi, Vicki Citrobacter rodentium Bennett-Wood, Elizabeth L. Hartland, Roy M. Robins-Browne, and Marija Tauschek Resistance of influenzae to Reactive Nitrogen Jane C. Harrington, Sandy M. S. 1945–1958 Donors and Gamma Interferon-Stimulated Macrophages Wong, Charles V. Rosadini, Oleg Requires the Formate-Dependent Nitrite Reductase Garifulin, Victor Boyartchuk, and Regulator-Activated ytfE Gene Brian J. Akerley Genetics and Virulence Association of the Shigella flexneri Carolyn R. Fisher, Nicola M. L. L. 1992–1999 Sit Iron Transport System Davies, Elizabeth E. Wyckoff, Zhengyu Feng, Edwin V. Oaks, and Shelley M. Payne Staphylococcus aureus Superantigens Elicit Redundant and Damien Thomas, Olivier 2043–2050 Extensive Human V␤ Patterns Dauwalder, Virginie Brun, Cedric Badiou, Tristan Ferry, Jerome Etienne, Franc¸ois Vandenesch, and Gerard Lina Functional Comparison of the Binding of Factor H Short Jutamas Shaughnessy, Lisa A. 2094–2103 Consensus Repeat 6 (SCR 6) to Factor H Binding Protein Lewis, Hanna Jarva, and Sanjay from Neisseria meningitidis and the Binding of Factor H SCR Ram 18 to 20 to Porin Conditioning of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli for Enhanced Jean M. Bower, Hannah B. Gordon- 2104–2112 Colonization of Host Raagas, and Matthew A. Mulvey Listeria monocytogenes ␴B Modulates PrfA-Mediated Juliane Ollinger, Barbara Bowen, 2113–2124 Virulence Factor Expression Martin Wiedmann, Kathryn J. Boor, and Teresa M. Bergholz

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Characterization and Studies of the Cellular Interaction of Abhisek Ghosal, Rudra Bhowmick, 2125–2135 Native Colonization Factor CS6 Purified from a Clinical Rajat Banerjee, Sandipan Ganguly, Isolate of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli S. Yamasaki, T. Ramamurthy, T. Hamabata, and Nabendu Sekhar Chatterjee Differences in Genome Content among Carolina Romo-Gonza´lez, Nina R. 2201–2211 Isolates from Patients with Gastritis, Duodenal Ulcer, or Salama, Juan Burgen˜o-Ferreira, Gastric Cancer Reveal Novel Disease-Associated Genes Veronica Ponce-Castan˜eda, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce, and Javier Torres

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY: PATHOGEN-HOST CELL MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS An chaffeensis Tandem Repeat Protein Interacts Abdul Wakeel, Jeeba A. Kuriakose, 1734–1745 with Multiple Host Targets Involved in Cell Signaling, and Jere W. McBride Transcriptional Regulation, and Vesicle Trafficking Differential Expression and Glycosylation of Anaplasma Matthew J. Troese, Madhubanti 1746–1756 phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 2 Paralogs during Sarkar, Nathan L. Galloway, Cultivation in Sialyl Lewis x-Deficient Host Cells Rachael J. Thomas, Sarah A. Kearns, Dexter V. Reneer, Tian Yang, and Jason A. Carlyon Phagosomal Escape Does Not Require Daniel L. Clemens, Bai-Yu Lee, and 1757–1773 Acidification of the Phagosome Marcus A. Horwitz Cocultured with Epithelial Cells N. Corcionivoschi, M. Clyne, A. 1959–1967 Reduces Surface Capsular Polysaccharide Expression Lyons, A. Elmi, O. Gundogdu, B. W. Wren, N. Dorrell, A. V. Karlyshev, and B. Bourke Role of LecA and LecB Lectins in - Chanez Chemani, Anne Imberty, 2065–2075 Induced Lung Injury and Effect of Carbohydrate Ligands Sophie de Bentzmann, Maud Pierre, Michaela Wimmerova´, Benoît P. Guery, and Karine Faure

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Hfq, a Novel Pleiotropic Regulator of Virulence-Associated Karin L. Meibom, Anna-Lena 1866–1880 Genes in Francisella tularensis Forslund, Kerstin Kuoppa, Khaled Alkhuder, Iharilalao Dubail, Marion Dupuis, Åke Forsberg, and Alain Charbit Capsule Expression and Genotypic Differences among Santiago M. Lattar, Lorena P. N. 1968–1975 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients with Chronic or Tuchscherr, Roberto L. Caccuri, Acute Osteomyelitis Daniela Centro´n, Karsten Becker, Claudio A. Alonso, Claudia Barberis, Graciela Miranda, Fernanda R. Buzzola, Christof von Eiff, and Daniel O. Sordelli Children with the Le(a؉b؊) Blood Group Have Increased Tanvir Ahmed, Anna Lundgren, 2059–2064 Susceptibility to Diarrhea Caused by Enterotoxigenic Mohammad Arifuzzaman, Firdausi Escherichia coli Expressing Colonization Factor I Group Qadri, Susann Teneberg, and Ann- Fimbriae Mari Svennerholm Contribution of Bordetella bronchiseptica Filamentous Tracy L. Nicholson, Susan L. 2136–2146 Hemagglutinin and Pertactin to Respiratory Disease in Brockmeier, and Crystal L. Loving Swine Concurrent Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Laura B. Lemke, Zhongming Ge, 2147–2158 Attenuates Proinflammatory H. pylori-Induced Gastric Mark T. Whary, Yan Feng, Arlin B. Pathology Rogers, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, and James G. Fox

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HOST RESPONSE AND INFLAMMATION Langerhans Cell Deficiency Impairs Ixodes scapularis Diana L. Vesely, Durland Fish, 1881–1887 Suppression of Th1 Responses in Mice Mark J. Shlomchik, Daniel H. Kaplan, and Linda K. Bockenstedt Caused by O1 Induces T-Cell Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Samuel 1888–1893 Responses in the Circulation B. Lundin, Ashraful Islam Khan, Anna Lundgren, Jason B. Harris, Stephen B. Calderwood, and Firdausi Qadri Interleukin-18-Related Genes Are Induced during the Jodie S. Haring and John T. Harty 1894–1903 Contraction Phase but Do Not Play Major Roles in Regulating the Dynamics or Function of the T-Cell Response to Listeria monocytogenes Infection Contribution of Flagellin Pattern Recognition to Intestinal Sebastian E. Winter, Parameth 1904–1916 Inflammation during Serotype Thiennimitr, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Typhimurium Infection Takeshi Haneda, Maria G. Winter, R. Paul Wilson, Joseph M. Russell, Thomas Henry, Quynh T. Tran, Sara D. Lawhon, Gabriel Gomez, Charles L. Bevins, Holger Ru¨ssmann, Denise M. Monack, L. Garry Adams, and Andreas J. Ba¨umler Generation of Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Leen Moens, Axel Jeurissen, Stefan 1976–1980 Capsular Polysaccharides Is Independent of CD1 Expression Nierkens, Louis Boon, Luc Van in Mice Kaer, Ahmad Kasran, Greet Wuyts, Jan L. Ceuppens, and Xavier Bossuyt Asc and Ipaf Inflammasomes Direct Distinct Pathways for Christopher L. Case, Sunny Shin, 1981–1991 Caspase-1 Activation in Response to and Craig R. Roy Involvement of SOCS3 in Regulation of CD11c؉ Dendritic Xiaoxia Zhang, Mawadda Alnaeeli, 2000–2009 Cell-Derived Osteoclastogenesis and Severe Alveolar Bone Bhagirath Singh, and Yen-Tung A. Loss Teng T Cells from Lungs and Livers of Francisella tularensis- Carmen M. Collazo, Anda I. 2010–2021 Immune Mice Control the Growth of Intracellular Meierovics, Roberto De Pascalis, Terry H. Wu, C. Rick Lyons, and Karen L. Elkins Anthrax Edema Toxin Induces Maturation of Dendritic Francisco J. Maldonado-Arocho and 2036–2042 Cells and Enhances Chemotaxis towards Macrophage Kenneth A. Bradley Inflammatory Protein 3␤ Transcription of Inflammatory Genes in the Lung after Christopher P. Montgomery and 2159–2167 Infection with Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Robert S. Daum Staphylococcus aureus: a Role for Panton-Valentine Leukocidin? Stimulation of the Molecule 4-1BB Enhances Host Defense Sang-Chul Lee, Seong-A Ju, Boo- 2168–2176 against Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Mice by Inducing Hee Sung, Sook-Kyoung Heo, Hong Rapid Infiltration and Activation of Neutrophils and Rae Cho, Eun A. Lee, Jung Dae Monocytes Kim, In Hee Lee, Sang-Min Park, Quang Tam Nguyen, Jae-Hee Suh, and Byung-Sam Kim B- and T-Cell Responses in Group A Streptococcus M- Davina Gorton, Brenda Govan, 2177–2183 Protein- or Peptide-Induced Experimental Carditis Colleen Olive, and Natkunam Ketheesan Early Bacterial Colonization Induces Toll-Like Receptor- Christoph Beisswenger, Elena S. 2212–2220 Dependent Transforming Growth Factor ␤ Signaling in the Lysenko, and Jeffrey N. Weiser Epithelium

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FUNGAL AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS Distinct Patterns of Dendritic Cell Cytokine Release Haibin Huang, Gary R. Ostroff, 1774–1781 Stimulated by Fungal ␤-Glucans and Toll-Like Receptor Chrono K. Lee, Jennifer P. Wang, Agonists Charles A. Specht, and Stuart M. Levitz A Baculovirus Dual Expression System-Based Malaria Shigeto Yoshida, Masanori 1782–1789 Vaccine Induces Strong Protection against Plasmodium Kawasaki, Norimitsu Hariguchi, berghei Sporozoite Challenge in Mice Kuniko Hirota, and Makoto Matsumoto The Absence of Hck, Fgr, and Lyn Tyrosine Kinases Michael P. Nelson, Allison E. Metz, 1790–1797 Augments Lung Innate Immune Responses to Pneumocystis Shaoguang Li, Clifford A. Lowell, murina and Chad Steele Analysis of Immunity to Febrile Malaria in Children That Philip Bejon, George Warimwe, 1917–1923 Distinguishes Immunity from Lack of Exposure Claire L. Mackintosh, Margaret J. Mackinnon, Sam M. Kinyanjui, Jennifer N. Musyoki, Peter C. Bull, and Kevin Marsh Immunological Determinants of Clinical Outcome in Anne Maurer-Cecchini, Saskia 2022–2029 Peruvian Patients with Tegumentary Leishmaniasis Treated Decuypere, Franc¸ois Chappuis, with Pentavalent Antimonials Coralie Alexandrenne, Simonne De Doncker, Marleen Boelaert, Jean- Claude Dujardin, Louis Loutan, Jean-Michel Dayer, Gianfranco Tulliano, Jorge Arevalo, Alexandro Llanos-Cuentas, and Carlo Chizzolini Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Louis Y. A. Chai, Bart Jan 2184–2192 Responses by Aspergillus fumigatus Kullberg, Alieke G. Vonk, Adilia Warris, Alessandra Cambi, Jean- Paul Latge´, Leo A. B. Joosten, Jos W. M. van der Meer, and Mihai G. Netea Trypanosoma cruzi GP63 Proteins Undergo Stage-Specific Manjusha M. Kulkarni, Cheryl L. 2193–2200 Differential Posttranslational Modification and Are Olson, David M. Engman, and Important for Host Cell Infection Bradford S. McGwire

MICROBIAL IMMUNITY AND VACCINES Polymeric Linear Peptide Chimeric Vaccine-Induced Luciana M. Silva-Flannery, Monica 1798–1806 Antimalaria Immunity Is Associated with Enhanced In Vitro Cabrera-Mora, Megan Dickherber, Antigen Loading and Alberto Moreno IS1541 Transposition Provides for Escape Claire A. Cornelius, Lauriane E. 1807–1816 from Immunity Quenee, Derek Elli, Nancy A. Ciletti, and Olaf Schneewind Development of Non-Antibiotic-Resistant, Chromosomally Jake N. Matic, Tamsin D. Terry, 1817–1826 Based, Constitutive and Inducible Expression Systems for David Van Bockel, Tracy Maddocks, aroA-Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium David Tinworth, Michael P. Jennings, Steven P. Djordjevic, and Mark J. Walker Variant-Specific Immunity to Plasmodium berghei in Rosette Megnekou, Lars Hviid, and 1827–1834 Pregnant Mice Trine Staalsoe Cholera Toxin and Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin, Donatella R. M. Negri, Dora Pinto, 1924–1935 but Not Their Nontoxic Counterparts, Improve the Antigen- Silvia Vendetti, Mario Patrizio, Presenting Cell Function of Human B Lymphocytes Massimo Sanchez, Antonella Riccomi, Paolo Ruggiero, Giuseppe Del Giudice, and Maria Teresa De Magistris

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Frequency and Domain Specificity of Toxin-Neutralizing Donald Reason, Justine Liberato, 2030–2035 Paratopes in the Human Antibody Response to Anthrax Jinying Sun, Wendy Keitel, and Vaccine Adsorbed Jianhui Zhou Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Responses to Paramyosin Predict Mario Jiz, Jennifer F. Friedman, 2051–2058 Resistance to Reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum and Tjalling Leenstra, Blanca Jarilla, Are Attenuated by IgG4 Archie Pablo, Gretchen Langdon, Sunthorn Pond-Tor, Hai-Wei Wu, Daria Manalo, Remigio Olveda, Luz Acosta, and Jonathan D. Kurtis Protection against Pneumococcal Colonization and Fatal Ying-Jie Lu, Sophie Forte, 2076–2083 by a Trivalent Conjugate of a Fusion Protein Claudette M. Thompson, Porter W. with the Cell Wall Polysaccharide Anderson, and Richard Malley Genetically Modified L3,7 and L2 Lipooligosaccharides from V. Weynants, P. Denoe¨l, N. Devos, 2084–2093 Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Confer a Broad Cross- D. Janssens, C. Feron, K. Goraj, P. Bactericidal Response Momin, D. Monnom, C. Tans, A. Vandercammen, F. Wauters, and Jan T. Poolman Generation of High-Titer Neutralizing Antibodies against C. Trollet, Y. Pereira, A. Burgain, 2221–2229 Botulinum Toxins A, B, and E by DNA Electrotransfer E. Litzler, M. Mezrahi, J. Seguin, M. Manich, M. R. Popoff, D. Scherman, and P. Bigey

MOLECULAR GENOMICS A Comprehensive Survey of Single Nucleotide M. Carmen Garcia Pelayo, Swapna 2230–2238 Polymorphisms (SNPs) across Mycobacterium bovis Strains Uplekar, Andrew Keniry, Pablo and M. bovis BCG Vaccine Strains Refines the Genealogy Mendoza Lopez, Thierry Garnier, and Defines a Minimal Set of SNPs That Separate Virulent Javier Nunez Garcia, Laura M. bovis Strains and M. bovis BCG Strains Boschiroli, Xiangmei Zhou, Julian Parkhill, Noel Smith, R. Glyn Hewinson, Stewart T. Cole, and Stephen V. Gordon

ERRATUM Interaction of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens with Murine Jun Yu, Raffaella Rossi, Christine 2239 Embryonic Stem Cells Hale, David Goulding, and Gordon Dougan

AUTHOR’S CORRECTION D-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid Contributes to the Nahuel Fittipaldi, Tsutomu Sekizaki, 2240 Virulence of Streptococcus suis Daisuke Takamatsu, Jose´e Harel, Marı´a de la Cruz Domı´nguez- Punaro, Sonja Von Aulock, Christian Draing, Corinne Marois, Maryle`ne Kobisch, and Marcelo Gottschalk

Cover photograph (Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Preexposure and adaptation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (reddish brown; imaged by transmission electron microscopy) promote enhanced bacterial colo- nization of the bladder. The background of this composite image shows the apical surface of the mouse urothelium stained with the fluorescent nuclear dye Hoechst, which highlights the hexagonal, binucleate superficial facet cells of the bladder. (Image by R. R. Kulesus and M. A. Mulvey.) (See related article on p. 2104.)