Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test

RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test

STGEC 2013 44th Southeast Transportation Geotechnical Engineering Conference Crowne Plaza Hotel: Baton Rouge, LA Wednesday, December 4, 2013

William D. Lawson, P.E., Ph.D. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas Tech University

Rozbeh Moghaddam, MS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas Tech University

RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test ABOUT THE PROJECT

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 2 Project Stats

• SPONSOR: Texas Department of Transportation • PROJECT NAME: Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test • PROJECT ID: 0-6788 • BUDGET TOTAL: $399,845 • START DATE: 09/12/2012 • END DATE: 08/31/2014

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 3 Project Team

• PROJECT MANAGER: Darrin Jensen (RTI) • LEAD PROJECT ADVISOR: Sean Yoon, PhD, PE (BRG) • PROJECT ADVISORS: Marcus Galvan, PE (BRG) John Delphia, PE (BRG) Rex Costley, PE (PHR) Mainul Khan, PE (HOU)

• RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: William D. Lawson, PE, PhD • CO-PI’S: Priyantha W. Jayawickrama, PhD Hoyoung Seo, PhD, PE James Surles, PhD Timothy Wood, MS • STUDENTS: Rozbeh Moghaddam (doctoral) Paul Bartel (undergrad)

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 4 Industry Advisory Panel

Dan A. Brown, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE President/Senior Principal Engineer Dan Brown and Associates, PC Pat Hannigan, P.E. President and Illinois Branch Manager GRL Engineers, Inc. Peggy Hagerty Duffy, P.E. Technical Advisor ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling

Mark McClelland, P.E. Senior Geotechnical Engineer L&G Engineering & Laboratory Robert Simpson, M.S. Western Regional Manager Loadtest USA

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 5 Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test TxDOT 0-6788

• OBJECTIVE: To update Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) design guidance for deep foundations to reflect the reliability of the Texas Cone Penetration (TCP) based design method.

• OUTCOME: The study will evaluate the performance of the TCP method and will include calibration of the resistance factors for LRFD design of axially loaded drilled shafts and driven piles designed using TCP data.

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 6 RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test DEEP FOUNDATION DESIGN AT TXDOT

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 7 Deep Foundations… TxDOT

• 30 percent of TxDOT deep foundations consist of piling; used mostly along Texas Gulf Coast • Square, prestressed concrete displacement piles are the section of choice used by TxDOT; typical sizes are 16, 18 and 20 inch square • 70 percent of TxDOT deep foundations are drilled shafts; typical diameters 30” and 36”

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 8 Field Test Method Texas Cone Penetrometer

• Developed in 1949 • Useful for wide range of SOIL and ROCK types and strengths • Design charts related TCP values to soil bearing strength

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 9 TCP Test Origin and History

Development of Charts updated Correlation Charts updated TCP Test in 1982 charts first in 1972 published (1956) First Use of TCP Test (1949)

TCP data shown in plans  1954)

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 10 Field Test Method Texas Cone Penetrometer

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 11 TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 12 The Design Charts TxDOT TCP Foundation Design Charts

• Refer to Chapter 5 – “Foundation Design,” TxDOT Geotechnical Manual • Four Design Charts – Figure 5-1. Allowable Skin Friction (TCP Values Softer than 100 Blows/12 in.) – Figure 5-2. Allowable Point Bearing (TCP Values Softer than 100 Blows/12 in.) – Figure 5-3. Allowable Skin Friction (TCP Values Harder than 100 Blows/12 in.) – Figure 5-4. Allowable Point Bearing (TCP Values Harder than 100 Blows/12 in.)

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 13

Penetrometer

Design Charts Design Texas Cone Cone Texas

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 14 TCPReliability Project Texas Cone Penetrometer Design Charts

DICEP: 23 October2013 23 DICEP:

Slide Slide 15

Reliability Analysis of TCP Method

• Compare predicted foundation capacity based on the existing TCP design method to measured capacity from full scale load tests in terms of skin friction and end bearing

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 16 The Required Data Set

FULL SCALE LOAD TESTS CORRESPONDING TCP DATA • Scope • Scope – Drilled shafts – Drilled shafts – Driven piles – Driven piles • Required Parameters • Required Parameters – Measured end bearing – Predicted end bearing – Measured side friction – Predicted side friction • Extent • Extent – Complete test – Complete subsurface profile – Loaded to failure – Full range of geomaterials – Sufficient statistical power – Sufficient statistical power

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 17 RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test WORK COMPLETED

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 18 TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 19 TxDOT 0-6788 Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test TASK 2… COMPILE TXDOT LOAD TEST DATA

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 20 Summary of Available TxDOT Load Test Data, Driven Piles

18 Summary: 16 16 TCP Data Available: 54 14 15

TCP Data Unavailable : 79

12 10 Total Number of Piles : 133 10 11

8 3 6 5 Number Piles of 6 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1

0 1 1 1 1 1

1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

Load Test Year NO TCP DATA

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 21 Geographical locations of Load Tests for Driven Piles, Classified by Counties

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 22 Summary of Available TxDOT Load Test Data, Drilled Shafts

8 8 Summary: 7

TCP Data Available: 28 6 6 TCP Data Unavailable : 4 5 Total Number of Shafts : 32 4 4 4 3

2 Number of Drilled Shafts Drilled of Number 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1954 1960 1969 1972 1973 1975 1986 2007 2008 2009

Load Test Year TCP DATA NO TCP DATA

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 23 Geographical locations of Load Tests for Drilled Shafts, Classified by Counties

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 24 TxDOT 0-6788 Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test TASK 3… OBTAIN SUPPLEMENTAL LOAD TEST DATA

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 20 Slide 25 PHASE 1: Missouri and Arkansas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data Project State DOT/ Foundation No. of Load Soil/Rock Number of Geotechnical Site Test Site Type Tests Type Geotechnical Boring Depth Location Borings (feet) 1 Warrensburg, Drilled 15 Clay - 1 TCP Missouri Shaft Weak 50 1 Correlation Rock 2 Frankford, Drilled 10 Clay- 1 TCP Missouri Shaft Weak 40 1 Correlation Rock 3 Siloam Drilled 3 Hard Rock 1 TCP Springs, Shaft 35 1 Correlation Arkansas 4 Turrell, Drilled 3 Sand-Clay 1 TCP 100 Arkansas Shaft Mix 1 Correlation 5 Monticello, Drilled 3 Sand-Silt- 1 TCP 100 Arkansas Shaft Clay Mix 1 Correlation Totals 10 borings 650

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 26 TCPReliability Project PHASE 1: Missouri and Arkansas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

STGEC:DEC4 2013

Slide Slide 27

PHASE 1: Warrensburg, Missouri TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 28 PHASE 1: Frankford, Missouri TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 29 PHASE 1: Turrell, Arkansas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 30 PHASE 1: Monticello, Arkansas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 31 PHASE 1: Siloam Springs, Arkansas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 32 Watermelon Break

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 33 PHASE 2: Texas and Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

Drilling Soil/Rock Number Boring Sequence State Test Site Location Type of Borings Depth (ft)

1 TX Crosby, Tx clay - sand 1 75 2 LA Patterson Slough sand 1 75 3 LA Bickham Slough sand 1 100 4 LA Ragley Overpass clay 1 75 5 LA I-10 at Essen Lane clay 1 75 6 LA I-10 at Siegen to Highland clay 1 95 7 LA I-10 at Causeway Blvd Test Pile 1 clay 1 70 8 LA North Causeway Blvd Test Pile 3 clay 1 85 9 LA Little River Bridge at Zenoria clay 1 75 10 LA I-49 at US71 North clay - IGM 1 60 11 LA I-49 at Unknown Pond clay - IGM 1 70 12 LA I-49 at LA 170 clay 1 45 13 LA I-49 at Mynnerlyn Chapel Road clay - IGM 1 70

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 34 TCPReliability Project PHASE 2: Texas and Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

STGEC:DEC4 2013

Slide Slide 35

PHASE 2: Crosby, Texas TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 36 PHASE 2: Ragley, Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 37 PHASE 2: Baton Rouge, Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 38 PHASE 2: New Orleans, Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 39 PHASE 2: Shreveport, Louisiana TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 40 PHASE 3: New Mexico TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

Soil/Rock Number of Boring State Test Site Location Type Borings Depth (ft)

NM Ohkay Owingeh, NM at NM74/ Rio Grande sand 1 60

NM Albuquerque, NM at I-40 and the Rio Grande sand 1 70

NM Albuquerque, NM at I-25 and Lomas Blvd sand 1 65

Sunland Park, NM at Sunland Park Blvd/ Rio NM sand 1 90 Grande

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 41 TCPReliability Project PHASE 3: New Mexico TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

STGEC:DEC4 2013

Slide Slide 42

PHASE 3: Sunland Park, New Mexico TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 43 PHASE 3: Albuquerque, New Mexico TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 44 PHASE 3: Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 45 TCPReliability Project ENERGY MEASUREMENTS TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

STGEC:DEC4 2013

Slide Slide 46

TCPReliability Project ENERGY MEASUREMENTS TASK 3. Obtain Supplemental Load Test Data

STGEC:DEC4 2013

Slide Slide 47

Load Test Dataset State Driven Drilled Piles Shafts Texas 28 27 Arkansas -- 9 Louisiana 2 6 Missouri -- 25 New Mexico -- 4 Oklahoma -- 2 Total 30 73

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 48 Driven Pile Projects (30)

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 49 Drilled Shaft Projects (73)

TCP Reliability Project STGEC: 4 DEC 2013 Slide 50 RESEARCH-IN-PROGRESS Reliability Based Deep Foundation Design Using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) Test WORK IN PROGRESS