MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta Sportovních Studií

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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta Sportovních Studií MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sportovních studií Katedra atletiky, plavání a sportů v přírodě Somatické, fyziologické a výkonnostní charakteristiky elitních českých kickboxerů Magisterská práce Vedoucí magisterské práce: PhDr. Jan Cacek, Ph.D. Vypracoval: Bc. Michael Špaček Brno 2020 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně pod vedením PhDr. Jana Cacka, Ph.D., uvedl jsem všechny použité literární a odborné zdroje a dodržoval zásady vědecké etiky. V Brně dne 15. 5. 2020 Bc. Michael Špaček Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval panu PhDr. Janu Cackovi, Ph.D. za pomoc, ochotnou spolupráci a cenné rady, kterých se mi od něj dostalo během zpracování této diplomové práce. Bibliografická identifikace Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Michael Špaček Název magisterské práce: Somatické, fyziologické a výkonnostní charakteristiky elitních českých kickboxerů Pracoviště: Katedra atletiky, plavání a sportů v přírodě Vedoucí magisterské práce: PhDr. Jan Cacek, Ph.D. Rok odevzdání závěrečné práce: 2020 Anotace: Tato případová studie přináší charakteristiku somatických, fyziologických a výkonnostních faktorů zástupců současné elitní úrovně českého kickboxu. Do výzkumu se zapojilo 5 vrcholových sportovců. Data byla získána měřením na přístrojích InBody 720, multikomponentní silové desce Kistler, zátěžovým testem s výpočtem W170 a dotazníkovým šetřením. V porovnání se zahraničními studiemi byly u sledovaných kickboxerů zjištěny obecně vyšší hodnoty podílu tělesného tuku 10,56 (SD 3,30)% a hodnoty BMI 25,68 (SD 0,48) kg/m2. Nízké hodnoty CMJ 0,345 (SD 0,037) m poukazují na malou schopnost využití akumulované elastické energie dolních končetin. Velmi dobré výsledky byly naopak zaznamenány u hodnot VO2max 59,5 (SD 2,8) ml/kg/min. Nejširší prostor v tréninku probandů zabírala kondiční příprava. Studie odhaluje limity vybraných kickboxerů. Poznatky mohou posloužit v optimalizaci tréninkových postupů a predikování talentu u sportovců. Klíčová slova: kickbox, elitní, somatické, fyziologické, výkonnostní charakteristiky Bibliographical identification Autor´s first name and surname: Bc.Michael Špaček Title of the master thesis: Somatic, physiological and performance characteristics of elite Czech kickboxers Department: Department of Athletics, Swimming and Outdoor Sports Supervisor: PhDr. Jan Cacek, Ph.D. The year of submission of the final thesis: 2020 Annotation: This case study presents the characteristics of somatic, physiological and performance factors of representatives of the current elite level of Czech kickboxing. 5 top athletes were involved in the research. The data were obtained by measurements on InBody 720 and Kistler multicomponent force plate devices, W170 load test and a questionnaire survey. In comparison with foreign studies, generally higher body fat ratio of 10.56 (SD 3.30) % and BMI of 25.68 (SD 0.48) kg / m2 were found for the kickboxers observed. Low values of CMJ 0.345 (SD 0.037) m indicate a low ability to use the accumulated elastic energy of the lower limbs. Very good results, on the other hand, were seen for V02max 59.5 (SD 2.8) ml / kg / min values. The widest space in the training of probands was occupied by fitness training. The study reveals the limits of the selected kickboxers. The acquired knowledge can be used to optimise training practices and predict talent in athletes. Key words: kickboxing, elite, somatic, physiological, performance characteristics OBSAH 1 ÚVOD ............................................................................................................................ 8 2 TEORETICKÁ VÝCHODISKA PRÁCE ..................................................................... 9 2.1 Charakteristika kickboxu ........................................................................................ 9 2.1.1 Historie a vývoj kickboxu ................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Organizace ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Pravidla ........................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Významná utkání a soutěže ............................................................................ 15 2.1.5 Disciplíny ....................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Sportovní výkon v kickboxu ................................................................................. 16 2.2.1. Faktory somatické ......................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Faktor techniky ............................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Faktor taktiky .................................................................................................. 23 2.2.4 Faktory osobnostní ......................................................................................... 24 2.2.5 Faktory kondiční ............................................................................................. 28 2.2.6 Faktor zranění ................................................................................................. 40 3 CÍLE VÝZKUMU ....................................................................................................... 44 4 METODIKA ................................................................................................................ 45 4.1 Typ výzkumu ........................................................................................................ 45 4.2 Kritéria účasti ve výzkumu ................................................................................... 45 4.3 Zkoumaný výběr ................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Harmonogram ....................................................................................................... 45 4.5 Forma dotazníku .................................................................................................... 46 4.6 Přístrojová měření ................................................................................................. 46 4.7 Analýza dat ............................................................................................................ 48 6 5 VÝSLEDKY ................................................................................................................ 50 5.1 Ukazatelé somatických faktorů ............................................................................. 50 5.2 Ukazatelé fyziologických parametrů ..................................................................... 52 5.3 Ukazatelé výkonnostních parametrů .................................................................... 53 5.4 Výsledky soutěží, trénink a doplňkové sporty ...................................................... 54 6 DISKUZE .................................................................................................................... 60 6.1 Somatické faktory elitních českých kickboxerů ................................................... 60 6.2 Ukazatelé výkonnostních faktorů .......................................................................... 62 6.3 Ukazatelé fyziologických faktorů ......................................................................... 64 6.4 Zranění .................................................................................................................. 65 6.5 Rozvoj jednotlivých faktorů v rámci tréninku ...................................................... 65 6.6 Zodpovězení výzkumných otázek ......................................................................... 65 7 ZÁVĚRY ..................................................................................................................... 67 LITERATURA ............................................................................................................... 69 PŘÍLOHY ....................................................................................................................... 73 7 1 ÚVOD Ke zpracování tématu této práce mě vedl blízký vztah k úpolovým sportům a dlouhodobý zájem o ně. Oblast kickboxu sice již byla u nás zkoumána z více hledisek, nicméně studie zabývající se předpoklady sportovního výkonu vrcholových zástupců tohoto úpolového sportu v ČR doposud chyběla. Práce se tedy pokouší popsat a zhodnotit faktory a předpoklady ovlivňující a zároveň predikující úspěšnost spojenou se sportovním výkonem vybraných elitních českých kickboxerů. Studie vychází především z dat získaných přístrojovým měřením ukazatelů fyziologických, somatických a kondičních parametrů, doplněných o výsledky dotazníkového šetření. Údaje takto získané jsou kriticky zhodnoceny a nahlíženy v porovnání s obdobnými výzkumy a závěry zahraničních studií z oblasti tohoto konkrétního sportu. Rovněž je zde nabídnuto i porovnání s některými více či méně blízkými úpolovými sporty. Práce poukazuje na mnohé společné znaky sledovatelné u jednotlivých faktorů, a to jak mezi českými, tak zahraničními kickboxery. Na druhé straně však zmiňuje, že mnohé ukazatele mohou odkrýt i značné rozdíly mezi jednotlivými sportovci. Rozsah studie a shromážděných dat byl bohužel do jisté míry nepříznivě ovlivněn vládními opatřeními spojenými s onemocněním Covid-19, které měly za následek nižší počet testovaných sportovců oproti původním záměrům. Zde je však nutné podotknout, že v případě uvedených výsledků se jedná o hodnoty a údaje sportovců zastupující absolutní špičku současného českého
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