COMMUNITY HEALTH PARAPHYSICIAN (WECHAKORN) TRAINING IN MEDICAL CARE S) VOLUME V LAMPANG HEALTH DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DOCUMENTARY SERIES MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH THAILAND 1981 LAMPANG HEALTH DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DOCUMENTARY SERIES VOLUME V AIMUNITY HEALTH PARAPHYSICIAN (WECHAKORN) TRAINING IN MEDICAL CARE MODULES 1-13 Edited by Choomnoom Promkutkao, M.D., Dr. P.H. and Ronald Wilson, M.D., M.P.H. Ministry of Public Health Thailand 1981 The Lampang Health Development Project Documentary Series Is Dedicated To DR. SOMBOON VACHROTAI (1924- 1980) Project Director 1974- 1980 4., Jell. A 4 .. ,,,.. 'rumu I-l .4o 0;01 CONTENT OF THE LAMPANG HEALTH DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DOCUMENTARY SERIES The documentary series comprises six volumes. Volume I summarizes the development, evaluation, conclusions and recommendations of the Project. Volume II describes the development of the Project, focussing on it's key features, and Vo­ lume III presents the Project's evaluation, results, conclusions and recommendations. The remaining three volumes present translations of materials used in developing community health volunteers and paraphysicians, key manpower of the Lampang rural health care system. VOLUME I: SUMMARY FINAL REPORT, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOM- MENDATIONS OF THE LAMPANG HEALTH DEVELOP- MENT PROJECT (Monograph 12) VOLUMEII: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED RURAL HEALTH SERVICES AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN LAMPANG THAILAND Monograph 1 - The Lampang Health Development Project: New Approaches to Rural Health Care Monograph 2 - Developing Community Health Volunteers and Primary Health Care M,nograpn 3 - Developing Community Health Paraphysicians (Wechakorn) Monograph 4 - Expanding the Community Health Role of the Provincial Hospital Monograph 5 - Strengthening Management, Supervision, and Support for Rural Health Care Monograph 6 - A System of Evaluation and Management In­ formation for Rural Health Care VOLUME III: EVALUATION OF THE LAMPANG INTEGRATED RURAL HEALTH SERVICES AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Monograph 7 - Evaluating and Monitoring Integrated Rural Health Services: Lessoois from the Lampang Experience Monograph 8 - Consumer Accessibility to and Acceptance of Rural Health Services in Lampang Monograph 9 - Health System and Personnel Pert-)rmance and Costs Monograph 10 - Impact on the Population's Health V Monograph 11 - Feasibility and Affordability of Implementing the Lampang System's Key Features Nationwide: Implications for the Futura VOLUME IV: COMMUNITY HEALTH VOLUNTEERS' MANUALS Section 1 - Health Post Volunteer Manual Section 2 - Health Post Volunteer Nutrition Manual Section 3 - Health Communicator Manual Section 4 - Health Communicator Nutrition Manual Section 5 - Traditional Birth Attendant Manual (WECHAKORN) VOLUME V: COMMUNITY HEALTH PARAPHYSICIAN TRAINING IN CLINICAL CARE Module 1 - Introduction to Comprehensive Health Care Module 2 - Medical Terminology Module 3 Anatomy and Phys* logy Module 4 - Medical History-Taking Module 5 - Physical Examination Module 7 - Formulary: Essential Drugs for Wechakorn Module 8 - Skin Problems Module 9 - Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Problems Module 10 Medical Problems Module 11 Pediatric Problems Module 12 Gynecological Problems Module 13 Emergency Problems (WECHAKORN) VOLUME VI: COMMUNITY HEALTH PARAPHYSICIAN TRAINING IN PUBLIC HEALTH Module 14 - Public Health Administration and Primary Health Care Module 15 - Community Health Services: Organization, Management and Supervision Module 16 - Maternal and Child Health Care Module 17 - Family Planning Module 18 - Nutrition Module 19 - Dental Health Module 20 - Environmental Sanitation Module 21 - Statistics Module 22 - Epidemiology Module 23 - Communicable Diseases Control Module 24 - Health Education VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Lampang Health Development Project, a collaborative effort of the Royal Thai Government, the University of Hawaii, and the American Public Health Asso­ ciation, was supported partly by the Royal Thai Government and partly through the following contracts of the U.S. Agency for International Development: Contract AID/csd-3423 with the American Public Health Association; Contract AID/ca-C-1320 with the American Public Health Association; and Contract AID/493-9025-T with the University of Hawaii. Additional support was provided by the following organizations: Asia Foundation United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund United States International Communications Agency World Health Organization VII FOREWORD the Lampang From 1974 to 1981 the Ministry of Public Health implemented research many ap­ Health Development Project, a seven year effort to pioneer and coverage and for proaches for integrating and expanding medical and health service period, I followed creating village-based primary healvh care services. During this the integration of closely the reorganization of the provincial health administration, of Community medical and health services, and the creation of the Department programs in rural Health in the Lampang Provincial Hospital with it's outreach develop­ health and medical care delivery. The major thrust of the health manpower workers to ment effort involved the trainin~g of three types of government health and district hospi­ serve as wechakorn paraphysicians in all subdistrict health centers and health tals, the training of thousands of villagers to serve as health volunteers The communicators, and the training of hundreds of traditional birth attendants. and effort included the organization and orientation of village health committees, themselves. stimulating contributions by the private sector and by the communities also noted with Beyond the increased demand for health services which resulted, I by villagers in great interest evidence of village-based health activities supported and main­ many localities: improvements in community water sources, installation nutritional sur­ tenance of handpumps for the newly improved and covered wells, Lampang veillance, family planning supply distribution, and so on. The focus of the Project was primarily on the district, subdistrict and village levels. and In 1977 and 1978 the Ministry of Public Health drew upon the personnel primary experience of the Lampang Project to help plan and conduct two national Government health care seminars. In March, 1979, the Cabinet of the Royal Thai Minis­ approved primary health care as a National Health Development Policy. The with the tr/ drew heavily from the Lampang Project again in 1979 as it planned by nine WHO and UNICEF a biregional primary health care workshop, participated countries of the South East Asia and Western Pacific regions. The first workshop for was conducted in 1980, and we are currently plairing with WHO and UNICEF the next biregional workshop. The aim of these national and inter-regional activities is ac­ isto rapidly feedback to planners and health leaders the field experience that cumulating in Lampang and in similar efforts. One result, at the Thai national level, isthe adoption of primary health care program implementation as a high priority in the National Social and Economic Development Plar.. The lessons and experience coming from Lampang over the past seven years have been quite useful to the Ministry of Public Health in planning and implement­ ing similar approaches for nationwide coverage. In asimilar manner, the Lampang experience may be useful to others and this is one of the major aims of the docu­ mentary series that is presented herewith. I wish to take this opportunity to express my gratitude and thanks to all insti­ tutions and agencies in Thailand and abroad that have contributed to the Lampang VIlI effort. While all the organizations in Thailand that have made contributions are too numerous to list here, two deserve special recognition for their longstanding sup­ port: the Chiengmai University which provided two senior professionals to the Pro­ ject who served as Chiefs of the Project's Division of Personnel Development and Division of Research and Evaluation, and the National Institute of Development Administration which played a key role in the research and evaluation effort. Special acknowledgement and appreciation is expressed for the contributions of the University of Hawaii who privided technical and managerial assistance throughout the seven year period, the American Public Health Association for its five year role in project management and liaison, and the U.S. Agency for International Develop­ ment which was the major source of outside funding. We also appreciate and acknowledge the special purpose contributions of the U.S. Information Service Agency, the Asia Foundation, the World Health Organization, and the U.N. Chil­ dren's Fund. As Thailand enters the 1980's, the greatest aim of the Ministry of Public Health is to extend basic health services and to achieve health for all Thai citizens, if possi­ ble, by the turn of the century. The success of this effort will depend on three major factors: the seriousness and commitment of the Royal Thai Government in implementing it's new Health Development Policy, the seriousness of health workers at all levels in serving those in need, and the ability and willingness of health workers to teach and guide villagers in matters of health and development, helping them to help themselves. Through continued effort and collaboration, like that of the Lampang Health Development Project, we have good reason to be optimistic. May, 1981 Dr. Sem Pringpuangeo Minister of Public Health Royal Thai Government IX PREFACE The Lampang Health Development Project,