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Weevil fauna from Los Monegros, north east Spain (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)

Article · January 2000

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\ileevil fauna from Los Monegros, north-east Spain (C oleop ter a, Curculionoidea)

r, Antonio VeLÁzqu gz DF. CRsrRo* Javier BLesco-ZuMETA* *, E¡¿o Coro¡¡uprll* * *, Jean PprrBrmR*l' ¡r' {<, Miguel Angel AroNso-Zaneza64* * :$ :r * & Manuel SÁNcHp7-ftg17:tx**<;r

*Depto de Biología l, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Espagne. **Hispanidad 8, 50750 Pina de Ebro,Zaragoza, Espagne. ***ViaNicoló Piccinino 15,00176 Rome,Italie. ****:t *'r'**5, rue de la Saulaie, F - 37380 Monnaie. Depto de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (C.S.I.C.), José Gutienez Abascal 2,28006 Madrid, Espagne

Abstract. - Results of a survey on weevil fauna of the xerothermic area of Los Monegros are reported. A total of 105 species of Curculionoidea of the families Urodontidae, Auelabidae, Apionidae, Rhynchophoridae and were found. Two new species are described: Ceutorhynchus gtpsophilus Colonnelli, n. sp., and Strophosoma (Neliocarus) monegrense Pelletier, n. sp. Broconius professas (Faust, 1885) is newly recorded from Europe, as well as the Broconius Desbrochers, 1904. Baris corsicana Schultze, 1904 is a new record for the Spanish fauna. Ecological data are provided for most of the species, including the possible host plants. Zoogeographical analysis revealed that most species have a Mediterranean distribution, and that 1206 of them are Spanish endemics. A small number of show a disjunct distribution with populations in arid sites of both Spain and the eastern Mediterranean (or westem Asia). Other species have their closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean. The high faunistic diversity and the presence of endemics make necessary to protect this site to ensure the continuity of Los Monegros steppe habitat. Résumé. - Les résultats d'une étude sur la faune des Curculionides de I'aire xérothermique des Monegros sont rapportés. Un total de 105 espéces de Curculionoidea des familles Urodontidae, Attelabidae, Apionidae, Rhynchophoridae et Curculionidae a été trouvé. Deux nouvelles espéces sont décrites: Ceutorhynchus g,tpsophilus Colonnelli, n. sp. et Strophosoma (Neliocarus) manegrense Pelletier, n. sp. Broconius professus (Faust, 1885) et le genre Broconius Desbrochers , 1904 lui-méme sont mentionnés pour la premiére fois en Europe. Baris corsicana Schultze, 1904 est nouveau pour la faune espagnole. Des données d'écologie, incluant les plantes-hótes possibles, sont indiquées pour la plupart des espéces. Une analyse zoogéographique indique que la majorité des espéces ont une distribution méditerranéenne et que l2o/o sont endémiques de I'Espagne. Un petit nombre de Curculionides présente une distribution disjointe avec des populations de sites arides d'Espagne ou de Méditerranée orientale (ou d'Asie occidentale). D'autres espéces ont leurs plus proches parents dans la région méditerranéenne orientale. Le haut degré de diversité et la présence d'endémiques rend nécessaire la protection de ce site afin de permettre le maintien de I'habitat steppique des Monegros. Key words. - Spain, Los Monegros, host plants, zoogeography, Curculionoidea, Baris, Broconius, Ceutorhynchus gtpsophilus, Strophosoma mone grense, new species.

The weevil fauna of Spain is very poorly known if compared with that of other countries of Europe. Volumes concerning Curculionoidea of the main work on Spanish fauna, the so- called "Fauna lbérica" monographs still await publication, so the only catalogue of weevils from Spain is that published by IcLEsns (1922). At present, there are only isolate studies on Curculionoidea from some areas (Courrn, 1981, MoRoogR,1921,1924, RouDmn, 1954, YsrAzevnzDp Casrno & Menrñ,Lggz,YptÁzevpzDs Cesrno et a1.,1990, SANZ, 1994, this last survey probably the most complete). No investigations have been made on the weevil fauna of north-east Spain, despite this area holds interesting zones, among them the arid site known as Los Monegros (fig. l). However, a comprehensive study of fauna and flora of Los 4OZ VelÁzqunz D¡ CRsrpo et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l'Espagne

Monegros was carried out from 1989 to 1998 by the second author, mainly in the locality Retuerta de Pina, near to the city Pina de Ebro. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the state of the biodiversity of this site, in view of a possible protection of the zone. A huge number of invertebrate specimens were collected, which includes, so far, more than 5400 species (Bresco-ZuMETA & MeLIc, 1999 :36). Many scientists who studied the specimens collected supported this survey; some of their results were published in the last decade, including the description of 107 new species of . Among Coleoptera, data on Melyridae (CoNsraNrnr,l99l), Scarabaeoidea (LórEz CoróN & Brasco-Zu\'nrA,1997), Rhipiphoridae (LóvnzColóN et al.,1997),and aquatic (RnEna et a1.,1996) have been published. As far as Curculionoidea are concemed, only the description of some new species (Strophosoma blascoi Pelletier, 1996, Trachyphloeus crassicornís Borovec, 1996, Aspídiotes gonzalezi Sánchez-Ruiz & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1994) and a brief communication (VelÁzquEz DE CasrRo & Br¡.sco-Zuvtnrt, 1994:189) have been published. This is thus a complete report on the whole of Curculionoidea (Scolytidae and Platypodidae excepted), one of the groups which shows the greatest diversity within Coleoptera.

TH¡ sruoy AREA Los Monegros is a geographical region placed in the middle of the Ebro valley (including part of Huesca and Zaragozaprovinces, fig. l). The general climate is Meditenanean, although more continental and arid than usual, due to the isolating effects of the surrounding mountain ranges. The usual annual temperature range is more than 50o (from -10oC to more than 40'C) with possibility of frost for up to seven months a yeú (Ocuoe, 1982). Annual precipitation in the area ranges from 200 to 400 mm. Winds are predominantly dry. These climatic conditions allow the growth of a climax vegetation of Juniperus thurifera L. forest, which belongs to the plant association Junipeietum phoeníceo-thuriferae (Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós) Rivas-Martínez (Rtvns-ManrñYz, 1987). Due to anthropic factors, however, this community has disappeared from most part of the region. The best conserved forests remain in a 20 km2 area in a site known as "Retuerta de Pina", which belongs to the municipality of Pina de Ebro (Zaragoza province), with the uru grid reference 30TYL29. This was the sampling site for the present study. The main lithological element is the miocenic "Retuerta formation" (QunaNrES, 1978), with massive white or very light gypsum soils and gypsiferous slimes. Altitudes range from 300 to 400 m above sea level. Vegetation consists in cleared forests, in which the composition of the undergrowth is determined by changes in orientation and soil composition. Typical communities are as follows (Bnerix- Br.aNeur,r & BoLos, 1957, OcHoe, 1982). l. Lygeo sparti-Stipetum lagascae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós and Agropyro cristati-Lygeetum spartiBr.- Bl. & O. Bolós. Both are very similar steppe graminaceous communities, with Stipa spp., Lygeum spartumL. and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner, all growing in deep soils. Samples collected in both associations are grouped with the narne Agropyro-Lygeion. 2. Helianthemetum squamati Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós. Strongly cleared shrubs growing on very thin gypseous soils in sunny places. Typical plants are Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Pers., Herniaria fruticosa L. and Launaea pttmila (Cav.) O. Kuntze. 3. Ononidetum tridentatae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós. Dense shrubs growing on deep gypsaceous soils, with Ononis tridentata L., Helianthemum lavandulifulium Miller, Gypsophila struthium subsp. hí sp ani c a (Willk. ) G.L ópez, and Ro s mar inus ffi c i nal i s L. 4. Salsolo vermiculatae-Artemisietum herba-albae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós and Salsolo vermiculatae- Peganetum harmalae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós. Niftophilous communities found on abandoned fields and in places with organic denitus (mostly from sheep and rabbits). Typical plants are Salsola vermiculata L., Peganum harmalaL. and Artemisia herba-aláa Asso. Bulletín de la Société entomologique de France,l05 (4), 2000: 401-418 403

Fig. l. - Position of Los Monegros in the Iberian Peninsula.

5. Suaedetum verae Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós. Halophilous community with Suaeda vera J.F. Gmelin, Atriplex halímus L. and Tamarix canariensis Willd., growing in abandoned saline fields. 6. Onopordetum nervosi Br.-Bl. & O. Bolós. Nitrophilous community found in abandoned fields or in places with organic detritus (mostly of vegetal origin), with Onopordum corymbosum Willk. and O. nervosum Boiss. 7. Carduo pycnocephali-Hordeetum leporini Br.-Bl. Grass community with Hordeum murinum L. and Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Per.

MeTEruaI. AND METHoDS

Specimens were collected by using three sampling methods: traps, sweeping, and Berlese funnels. Many of them were also collected by direct visual collecting on soil, under barks of Juniperus thurifera, under stones, on walls of buildings, and inside "aljibes" (tanks for storing rain).

l. Traps. Eight types of traps were used to capture the specimens, as indicated in table I. 2.Plarfi sweeping. Twenty-six plant species were sampled twice a month, from January to December, except where indicated. Twenty plants were swept n 1992: Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Atriplex halimus L., Ephedra nebrodensis Tineo ex Guss., Genista scorpius (L.) DC., Gypsophila struthium subsp. hispanica (Willk.) G.López, Helianthemum squamcttum (L.)Pers., Juniperus phoeniceaL., J. thuriferaL., Lithodora fruticosa (L.) Griseb. (from April to September), Ononis tridentataL., Osyris albaL., Pinus halepensis Miller, Quercus cocciferaL., Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss., Rhamnus lycioides L., Rosmarinus ffi- cinalis L., Salsola vermiculata L, Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Suaeda vera J .F . Gmelin and Tamái¡x canariensis Willd. The remaining six plants were studied in 1994 : Asparagus acutifolius L., Frankenia thymifulia Desf., Lepidium subulatum L. (from February to June), Peganum harmala L. (from March to July), Salvia lavandulifulia Yahl and Thymus vulgaris L. Some isolate samples were taken before and after these years. The plants Carduus bourgeanus Boiss. & Reut., Onopordum nervosum Boiss., Salsola kali L, and a wheat field (Triticum sp.) were sampled without periodicity. Plants of the community A gropyro-Lygeion were also swept in 1992. 404 VelÁzQuez DB Cnsrpo et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l'Espagne

3. Berlese funnel method. Soil samples were taken under the following 18 plant species each 4 months In 1994; Artemisia herba-alba, A*iplex halimus, Ephedra nebrodensis, Gypsophila struthium subsp. hispanica, Helianthemum squamatum, Juniperus phoenicea, J. thurifera, Lithodora fruticosa, Ononis tridentata, Pinus halepensis, Quercus coccifera, Rosmarinus fficinalis, Salsola vermiculata, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Suaeda vera, Frankenia thymifulia, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus vulgaris. At the same time soil samples were taken from the plant community: Agropyro-Lygeion. A l-kg sample from soil surface was taken and placed in the funnel, without light, for a fonnight. At the same time a 4-kg sample was directly observed. Berlese funnel was also used to examine soil and dead wood or plants (mainly Onopordum nervosum and O. corymbosum) each 4 months in 1994. Table I. - List of traps used in Los Monegros, indicating situation, number of traps, and sampling period.

RpsuITs AND DISCUSSIoN A total of 1922 specimens belonging to 105 species of Curculionoidea were collected. Eight of them are Urodontidae, 2 Attelabidae, 16 Apionidae, I Rhynchophoridae, and 78 Curculionidae. Chorotypes, sampling methods, number of individuals obtained and presence of adults throughout the year are shown in table II for all species collected. Remarks on , biology or distibution of selected species are reported below, including the description of two new species. The systematic order followed herein is that of TrtowsoN (1992). Although all types of traps were usefully employed to collect many species, it is noteworthy that one species of Corimalia,two species of Baris,twospeciesof Bruchela,andfourofthesubfamilyCeuto- rhynchinae were exclusively gathered by traps. Species were collected all year long, despite extreme weather conditions, since, as stated before, summer season in Los Monegros is very hot, with temperatures over 40' C. Some species apparently avoid this period and are not present on their host plant, as Chionostagon albosquamulata (fig.2, a) and many Ceutorhyn- chinae. However, a number of other species were collected during July, the hottest month, as is the case of some species of Lixinae. Moreover Sibinia iberíca (fig.2, b) and Aspidiotes gonzalezí were abundant in July, and Broconius professr.r*s was collected only during this month.

Species Sampling method Chorotype Month No. Family Urodontidae l. Bruchela suturalis (Fabricius, 1792) Sw Reseda lutea EUM III-V 2l 2. Bruchela rufipes (Olivier, 1890) Sw Reseda lutea EUM V-VII 4 3. Bruchela pygmaea Gyllenhal, 1833 Ml, Ds, Wk, Sw, Mr EUM IV-V 9 4. Bruchela conformis (Suffrian, 1845) Ds, Ml EUM IV 2 5. Bruchela sp.l Sw Reseda lutea V.VI 8 6. Bruchela sp.2 Sw IV 5 Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France,105 (4), 2000:401-418 405

7. Bruchela sp.3 Ds IV 3 8. Cercomorphus prope abbreviatusReitter,lSgí S* Frankt*o thy-ifolia Yl 40 Family Attelabidae L Auletes tubicen (Boheman, 1828) Sw Juniperus thurifera WME IV-V[ 4 2. Auletobius pubescens (Kiesenwetter,ls5l\ Sw Helianthemmtsquamatum,Ds,BeWMB III-Y 8 Family Apionidae Subfamily Nanophyinae l. Corimalia pallida (Olivier, 1807) LT MED VIII 1 2. Nanodiscus transversus (Aubé, I 850) FtJuniperus phoenicea MED VIII 3 3. Hypoplryes minutissimzs (Tournier, 1867) Sw Tamarix canariensis TEM IV 5 4. Hypophyes pallidulus (Gravenhorst, I 807) Sw Tamarix canariensis, Wk MED IV.V 5 Subfamily Apioninae 5. Ceratapion damryi (Desbrochers, 1894) Sw Juniperus (*) I Pinus (*) WME V-VII 2 6. Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal, l8l3) Sw Pinus halepensis (*), Lt PAL VII-XII 15 24 7 . Diplafion squamuliferzz (Desbrochers, 1891) Sv¡ A. lwrba-alba,Be A. herba-alba EUM I-XU 8. Dlplapion stolidum (Germar, l8l7) Sw Artemisia herba-alba TUE VIII I 9. Aéentrotypus brunnipes (Boheman,l839) Sw S¿lv¡a lwandulifolia (*) EUM VI I 10. Malvapiion malvae (F.,1775) Sw TEM IV-U 2 ll . Pseudapion rufirostre (F ., 177 5) Sw Hordeum (*) I Bromus (*) PAL IV 2 12. Lepidapion cretaceum (Rosenhauer, 1856) Sw Retama sphaerocarpc WME I-XII 154 13. Eiapion compactum (Desbrochers, ISSS) Sw Genista scorpius EUM IV-V 6 14. Hellanthemapionvelatum (Gersüicker,l854) Sw Salvia lnandulifulia (*) SIE VII 1 15. Holotrichapion pisi (F., l80l) Sw, Wk, Be PAL II, V-X 8 16. Holotrichapion ononis (Kirby,1808\ Sw Ononis tridentata,Be O. trid. PAL Xll-Y 22 Family Rhynchophoridae l. Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) Pf, Lt, also in nests of ravens COS VII-X 6 Family Curculionidae Subfamily Entiminae l. Pacltyrhinus ibericus (Stierlin, 1884) Sw J. thrifera,W J.th.,Ml, Mr, Ds WME/Ib II-VI 124 2. Pachyrhinus squomoszs (Kiesenwetter, I 85 l) Sw P. halepensis,Wl P. halep. SEU IV-V 16 3. Chionostagon albosquamulata (Reitter, 1907) Sw Artemisid herba-alba,Be WME/Ib I-V 223 4. Strophosoma blascoi Pelletier, 1996 Sw Artemisia herba-alba WME/Ib I-XII 222 5. Strophosoma monegrense Pelletier, n.sp. Sw Artemisiaherba-alba WME/Ib VIII I 6. Traclryphloeus crassiconzis Borovec,l996 Pf, Sw, Be, Br WME/Ib II-X 19 7. Cathormiocerus breviroslrls (Ch. Brisout, 1886) Be Ononis tridentata SEU/Ib X I 8. Cath. prope myrmecophilus (Seidlitz, 1868) Be Helianthemum squamatum II I 9. Sitona callosus Gyllenhal, 1834 Sw Ononis tridentata CAE I-XII 5 10. Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal, 1834 Sw WME II-X 5 ll. Sitona macularius (Marsham, 1802) Sw PAL IV I 12. Aspidiotes gorzalezi S.-Ruiz & Al -Tanzaga 1994 Sw, Lt WME/Ib VI-V[ 68 13. Rhytideres plicatus (Olivier, 1790) Sw Artemisia herba-alba,Lt MED II, XI 3 Subfamily Lixinae 14. Stephonocleonus obliquus (F., 1792) Ds, Sw, on soil TEM VII,VII,X 3 I 5. Stephanocleonus cicatricosus (Hoppe, I 795) Be Salvia lavandulifolia SEU VII I I 6. Asproputlre nis neridionalis (Cbevrolat 187 4) Lt,Dw,Wt,onsoil SEU II, V-VII 6 17. Conorlrynchrúr prope conicirostris (Olivier, 1807) Sw Atriplex halimus,Ds III-IX,XI 4 18. Conorlrynchus sp,I Sw Suaeda vera VIII I 19. Conorhynchus sp.2 Sw Atriplex halimus VII I 20. kucomigus candidans tussellahn (Fairmaire, 1849) Sw Artemisia herba-alba SEU VII, IX 4 21. Broconius professus (Faust, 1885) Sw Atriplex halimus MED VII 2 22. Lixus ulcerosus Petri, 1904 Sw, Wt Ornpordwnnervoswn,Ds WME V-VI, IX 14 23. Lixus spartii (Olivier, I 807) Sw Genista scorpius SEU VI I 24. Lixus caste llanus lugens P etri, 19 12 Sw A. herba-alba,Ds,Ml, Be SEU/Ib IV-XII 2l 25. Lixus filiformis (F ., l78l) Sw Carduus bourgeanus,Dr TEM IV-VI 8 26. Lixus albomarginalus Boheman, 1843 Sw Lepidium subulatum, Dr, Ds TEM III-N 6 27. Lixus acicularis Germar, 1824 Sw TEM VI-XII 12 28. Lixus rosenschoeldi Boheman, 1843 Sw Genisto scorpius MED II, VIII-XI 6 29. Lixus ochraceus Boheman, 1843 Sw,Salvia lavandulifolia TEM VII I 30. Lixus prope cribricol/¡s Boheman, 1836 Svt A. halimus I Salsolavermiculata V-IX 4 406 YerAzqvaz Ds Cesrno et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l,Espagne

31. Larinus flavescens Germar, 1824 Sw On. nerv.l Carduas, Ds, Dr MED V-VII g 32. Larinus cynarae (F., 1787) Sw Onopordum nervosum,Wt MED X-II,V-VII23 33. Rhinocyllus conicus (Frólich, 1792) Sw Csd. bourg.l Sisymbrium irio, Wt EUM III-V,IX 6 Subfamily Hyperinae 3 4. Me t a do nus vui I I efroy arans (Capiomont, I 86 8) Sw Suaedavera,Wt WME I,IV-XI l9 35. Hypera arator (L., 1758) Sw, Ds PAL I,VI 2 36. Hypera pastinacae (Rossi, 1790) Sw Salsola vermiculata (*) EUM VIII I 37. Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, l8l3) Sw Artemisia herba-alba (*) PAL XI I 38. Donus prope hispaniczs (Capiomont, 1868) Sw A. h.-albo I Krascheninnikovia II,X 2 39. Coniatus suavis Gyllenhal, 1834 Sw Tamarix canariensis MED IV-VI,IX-XII 26 40. Coniatus repandus (F., 1792\ Sw Tamarix canariensis MED III-XI 8l Subfamily Magdalidinae 41. Magdalis rufa Germar, 1824 Sw, Wk Pinus halepensis,Mr MED VI-IX 38 Subfamily Cossoninae 42. Hexarthrum capitulum (Wollaston, 1858) Be Pinus halepensis TUE IV-VII 2 Subfamily Ceutorhynchinae 43. Theodorinus hispaniczs Colonnelli, 1995 Sw Ephedra nebrodensis WME/Ib IV I 44. Barioxyonyx daghe stanicus Korotyaev,l9g2 Sw Ephedra nebrodensis TUE III,VII 4 45. Paroxyonyx imitator (Wagner, 1929) Sw Ephedra nebrodensis WME/Ib I-V, XI-XII 27 46. Paroxyottyx cinctus (Chevrolat, l86l) Sw Ephedra nebrodensis MED IV 2 47. Stenocarus cardui (Herbst, 1784) Sw Carduus bourgeanus EUM V I 48. Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens, 1831) Ds EUR II l 49. Mogulones tessellatus (Schultze, 1899) Ds EUM III-N 3 50. Trichosirocalus honidus (Panzer, l80l) SwC.bowgeanuslOnopordumspp. EUR V-VI 12 51. Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F., 177 5) Sw Carduus bourgeanus,Mr, Lt TEM III, V-X 15 52. Ethelcus denticulatus (Schrank, l78l) Mr EUM III I 53. Ceutorhynchus sardeanensis Schultze, I 903 Sw kp. sub.l Sisymbrium irio,Ml WME IV-VI 10 54. Ceutorlrynchus leucorhamna Rosenhauer, I 856 Mr WME IV I 5 5. Ceutorhynchus pic itarsrs Gyllenhal, 1837 Sw Lepidium subulatum,Mr EUM IV-V, X 4 5 6. C e ut or hync hus pa I I i dac ty lus (Marcham, I 802) Sw, Mr, Ds, Pf EUM I-VI, XI 22 57 . Ceutorhynchus aene icollis Germar, 1824 Sw kpidium subulatum,Ds, L! Mk TEM II-V, X-XI 8 58. Ceutorlrync hus pynhorhync&rzs (Manham, I 802) Ds, Ml, Mr, Sw EUM III-V l5l 59. Ceutorhync hus pulv inatus (Gyllenhal, I 873) Sw Sisymbrium irio, Ml, Mr EUR III-N 6 60. C e ut or hync hus gtp s ophi lus Colonnel I i, n.sp. Sw Lepidium subulatum SEU/Ib III-XI Zl Subfamily Baridinae 6l . Baris picturata opipuis Jacquelin du Val, 1852 WkJuniperus thurifera(*) MED VI I 62. Baris coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) Sw, Dw EUM IV 3 63. Baris scolopacea Germar, 1824 Sw Atriplex halimus I Reseda lutea TEM VI I 64. Baris corsicana Schultze, 1904' Ds WME IV 2 Baris quadraticollrs 65. (Boheman, 1836) Sw, Dw TEM IV-VI 3 66. Baris picicornis (Marsham, 1802) Sw Reseda lutea SEU V I 67. (Boheman, Baris sellata 1844) Sw Artemisia herba-alba WME VI I Subfamily Tychiinae 68. Sibinia iberica Hoffinann, 1959 Sw Gypsophilastruthium,Ds,Ml,Pf SEU/Ib III-X 242 69. Sibinia arenariae Stephens, I 83 I Sw, Ds, Wk CEM III-X 23 70. Sibinia gallica gemmans Desbrochers, 1908 Sw WME/Ib V, tX z 71. Tychius striatulus Gyllenhal, 1836 Sw Ononis tridentata,Be O. trid. MED V-VII, X lg 72. Tychius grenieri Ch. Brisout, 1861 Wk Prnzs(*) I Rosmarinus (x) TUM IV-V 2 Subfamily Cioninae 73. Cionus hortulanus (Fourcroy, 1785) Sw Verb.sinuatum I V. thapsus TEM V-VII 9 Subfamily 74. Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal, 1836) Sw EUM IX I Subfamily Gymnetrinae 75. Gymnetron lanigerum Ch. Brisout, 1862 Sw Verbascum thapsus WMEV I 76. Gymnetron tetrum (F.,1772) Sw Verbascum thapsus OLA V-VI 7 Subfamily Rhamphinae 77 . Rhynchaenus tomentosas (Olivier, 1807) Sw Artemisia herba-alba, Ds SEU VII-VIII 2 Subfamily Erirhininae 78. Acentrus histrio Boheman, 1845 Sw, Pf, Lt TUE IV.VIII I I Bulletin de la société entomologíque de France, r05 (4), 2000 : 401-4lg

Fig. 2. - Abundance of adult individuals collected on their host plants during a year cycle: a) Chionostagon albosquamulata (Reitter, 1907);

b) Sibinia iberica Hoffrnann, 1959.

Comments on selected species Urodontidae- - This family includes only two genera from Palaearctic, Cercomorphus perris, 1g64 andBruchelaDejeut,l82l 1= lJrodon Schónherr, 1323) (CnowsoN 1984 : 92,Louw,Igg3). Bruchela spp. - The study of aedeagus and external features of all specimens collected in Los Monegros revealed that at least seven species live in this site (table II). This is a remarkable number. indicating a gteat diversity. Seven species of this genus are recordeá fro¡¡ Spain, but unfortunaiely identification was not always possible, since this genus requires revision. Some of the specimens werl collected on Reseda lutea, whereas others were found in coloured plastic dishes or in Málaise traps. Cercomorphus sp. prope abbreviatus Reitter, 1896. - The genus Cercomorphus penis includes g species from Spain and North Africa (Louw, 1993). Only two species of this grn s were noted from Spain. The first of them, C. duvali Perris, 1864, is r^ailer 1O.i-rmm¡ and hás been recorded from plants of the tribe Genisteag by PERRIS (1864 :295) and by Ppy¡nrrr¿norr (lglg :233,under c. bicolor I Abeille, 1895). The size of the other species, C. abbrevíaiusReitter, 1896, is larger (2-2.lmm),and no '/r host plant have thus far been recorded for it. Specimens fronr Los'Mon.gror, cóllected on Frankenia lt thymifulia, l¡ apparently belong to this last speciei. Unfortunately, no .o-párirán with type specimenlsj of C. abbreviatus is possible, since it seems to have been (Otto I lost üerkl, pers. comm.). Another I species of this genus, C. bícolor Abeille, 1895, has been record.d frorrr F. thymifol¿a in North Africa (PEvEruuuorr, l9l9:233, under C. sterilis Peyerimhoff, 1919). Specimens noá ror Monegros are, however, clearly different from C. bicolor and from all other North Áfri"utt species. Attelabidae Auletes tubicen (P_oheman, 1328). - Previous records of host plants (HonrvaxN, l95g : 1730, PpvpruuHoFF, 1926: 384) include diverse Cupressaceae: Juniperis pho)nrcea L. and, Cupressuí species. This species lives in Los Monegros onJ. thurifera. Apionidae. Members - of Nanophyinae and Apioninae were found in Los Monegros. Just few specimens of Nanophyinae were collected, although their host plants were periodicail! searched. on the contrary, some Apioninae were cornmon Lepidapion -espécially cretaiearz (Rosenhuu.., rgsáj, found on Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. ail yéar long. Diplapion squamuliferum (Desbrochers, l89l). - Previous records of this weevil in Algeria indicated that Artemisia herba-alba could be its host plant (WINAT, 1995). All oithe 24 specimeís oi Los Monegros were collected on this plant, one of them in a soil ,urnpi", the rest of specimens uj sweeping it, and this fact confirmed the association of this weevil with thé píant. Holotrichapion ononk (Kirby, 1s08). - This species, distributed all over the palaearctic region and probably colnmon in the southem peninsuta, and eastem part of tblrian has been recorded from severaf ,p..i., of ononis 1990:279)' It has been @nnrt, có[ected in Los Monegros on ononis trídentata.Adults are also common on this plant related to gypseous soils in other parts of Spáin (lwÁ;:qvnzDE CASTRS, 1990: g4). Hypophyes minutissimas (Toumier, 1867). - The only Spanish record is that from Jaén. We have also collected this weevil from Chipiona (Cádizprovince, A[onio-Zarazag4 unpublished data), both loca- lities in Andalusia, south Spain' Los Monegtoi ir the northemmost Spanish locality ror írris species. 408 VmÁzquez De CesrRo et al. - Curculionídes du nord-est de l'Espagne

Recorded from Algerian Sahara onTamarix gallica L. (RouoreR, 1954:62), and collected in Los Monegros onT. canariensis Willd. Curculionidae Chionostagon albosquamulma (Reittea 1907). - The gents was erected by ArousoZenazeca (1983) who redescribed the species, endemic of Zuagozaprovince. Most of the specimens (61%) were collected onArtemisia herba-alba, whereas some individuals were collected on a great variety of plants: Oxyris, Gypsophila, Salsola, Santolina, Rosmarinus, etc. Adults were only collected from winterto spring (frg.2a\. Strophosoma blascoi Pelletier, 1996. - This species is endemic of Los Monegros, having only been collected in the strroundings of Pina de Ebro. It has been studied in detail from June 1995 to March 1996, and found on its possible host plant, Artemisia herba-alba, allyear long, except the cold and dry month of November 1995.

Strophosoma (Neliocarus) monegrens¿ Pelletier, n. sp. HororvpE,: ó, "Désert de Monegros Retuerta de Pina VIII-1995 Zaragoza, Espagne, J. Blasco-Zumeta leg."l "Holotype male Strophosoma monegrense Pelletier" (red label); in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid. Penerypn: ó, "Espagne (Saragosse) env. Caspe 24-V-I981 J. Péricart leg."l "PARATvIE male Strophosoma monegrense Pelletier" (red label); in collection J. Pelletier. , Description of th9 I holotype. -Lengfh: 5.8 mm (rostrum included). Species characterised by the presence of a deep subapical indentation of hind tibiae in males and head, pronotum and elytra witir rounded or short-oval shaped white or brown scales and numerous clearly erected thin setae. Scales make irregular light and dark longitudinal stripes on elytra. Head subconic shaped, longitudinal sulcus clearly visible, fansversal sulci partly concealed by scales. Rostrum longitudinally depressed with a mediolaterál carina. Scrob_es very narrow in dorsal view. Antennae short, the first two joints of funiculus equally shaped, the first one distinctly enlarged at apex, the other joints short, but longer than wide.'Eyes prominent, rounded and moderately projected backwards. Pronotum0.72 as long as wide, subrectanguiar, sides hardly rounded. Surface inegular with tiny and deep punctures. The density and colour of s-caleé make blurry longitudinal stripes, brownish on the disc and then alternatively white and brown (fig. 3). ElWa without humeral callus, widest at the first I/6 of its length, progressively narrowed towarO's ápex. Interstriae slightly convex, ptrnctures of striae small, concealed by scales. Sutural interval brown pinkish, the other intervals inegularly brown and whitish. The colour of erected setae, brown or white, matcheé with that of scales. Iegs robust, femora particularly clothed with scales and erected setae. Hind tibiae progressively enlarged.from base to apex with a deep preapical indentation (probably only in male specimens) provided with a strong intemal spine (fig. 4). Aedeagus short and stróngly cuved from side view (fig. 5), the apophyses particularly long. The aedeagus appéars, in ventral vie'i,-largely sclerotized with an additional pair of sclerotized spiny structures within the internal sack (fig. 6). Paratype.-Similar to the holotype, but smaller (5.2 mm), with pronotum clearly subrectangular, with sides straight, not rounded. In addition, points of striae *e i-ger, spreading over intJrvals. Aedeagus quite similar to that of holotype. Etymolog.-The name refers to the site of the discovery of the new species. S. monegrense is, after S' blascoi Pelletier, 1996, the second species of Snophosoma foundin Los Monegros .eg-iorr. Re.ylarlcs. Strophosoma monegrense, within the subgenus ^ - - Neliocarus, belongs to the group of ,S. faber ${efs1, 1785), in which males have an indentation béfore the apex of trind dbIae. The n-ew species is particularly related to S. laufferiFlach,1907, and.S. gonzalezi Pélletier, l994,by the presence of a strong spine before the indentation itself. It differs from these species by the *ittriitt .oiou. of scales pryryn! on most parts of body and legs, the rounded shape of scales and ihe sclerotized spiny structure of the intemal sac of aedeagus. S. laufferi and S. gonzalizi have no white patches of scales, túese scales are more elongate and the internal sac of aedeagus has not such a spiny scierotized structure. Ecologt. - The holotype wa,sfotnd by the descriptor in the dust of a box containingl rtemisia herba-alba L. and a series of Strophosoma blascoi Pelletier-alive collected by Javier Blasco-ZumJta. As this last species, S. monengre¡nse could also live on Artemisia herba-albaL. Distribution Probably - confined to Los Monegros, the holotype was collected in Retuerta de pin4 the paratype in the environs of caspe, a locality placed besides Los Mónegros (fig. l). i e c i -: I r i Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France,l05 (4), 2000: 401-418 l- 409 I

4

Fig. 3-6. - Strophosoma monegrense Pelletier, n. sp. - 3, Outline in dorsal h view, erected setae omitted; - 4, Right hind tibia; - 5, 6,Lateral and dorsal view of aedeagus.

Scale bar: fig. 3 = I mm ; fig. 4: 675 mm;fig. 5 : 300 mm; fig. 6 = 200 mm. ( ffi6

Trachyphloeus crossicornis Borovec, 1996. - Nearly all specimens known of this species, only recorded from north-east Spain, have been found in Retuerta de Pina in Los Monegros area; also recorded from Segorbe (Castellón province) and Alcañiz (Teruel province) (BoRovnc, 1996:3). They were collected in pitfall traps with beer or rabbit btrrows, and more frequently in soil samples using Berlese method. Cafhormiocerus brevirostris (Ch. Brisout, 1866). - Only recorded from Aranjuez (Madrid province) by Iclpsres (1922:7), who referred to the original descriptior¡ although the species was simply described from Spain. This species was obtained by using Berlese method from soil sifted under Ononis tridentata. We have also collected C. brevirostris in Albacete province in soil samples taken under Artemisia (elér:quez de Casto, unpublished data). Sitona callosus (Gyllenhal, 1834). - Recorded frorn xerothermic sites from Poland to China (Dmcrrul^t'tN,1978: 178). The population from Los Monegros is the only known from westem Europe l (Ypt-p¿Qusz Dp Cnsrno & BLASco ZIJ\mlA, 1994: 189). The same Dmcrunx¡¡ (1973) only quoted l Onobrychis vicffilia Scop. as host plant while all specimens from Los Monegros were obtained from I Ononis tridentata. The presence in Spain of S. callos¿s indicates a disjunct distibution of this species. Specimens from Los Monegros do not differ from those from other localities, but their size is always rather large. Note that the drawings of aedeagus of S. callosus in PÉrucnnr (1939 : 80) are wrongly referred to ,S. tenuis @osenhauer, 1847), due to a miscopy of the original drawings by DmcrueNN (1930 :289). Aspidiotes gonzalezi Siínchez-Ruiz & Alonso-Zarazaga,1994. - This species is confined to the Ebro river basin, reaching the hills of the Catalonian coastal range (SÁNcHrz-Ruz & ALoNSo- ZA,v1'z1ic/., 1994:290).It was collected after sweeping shrubs of diverse species. Broconius professns (Faust, 1885). - In the sampling period of the year 1992, two specimens of this species were collected in Los Monegros by sweeping A*iplex halimus. This plant was again intensively sampled in 1996, in order to find more specimens, but only six new specimens were obtained. The genus Broconius Desbrochers, 1904 has never been recorded from Europe. Note that some species occtr in north Africa (Prrru, 1904: 186,187, RounmR, 1954:55), whereas other species are distributed from Caucasus to Turkestan. Broconius professus was described from Algeria and was also recorded from Egypt (DesnnocuERs, 1893: 8). PnveruMHoFF (1911: 300) collected this species in north Africa on Suaeda pruinosaLange in a salty steppe. Another species of the genus, B. pierrei (Roudier, 1954) was collected on Traganum nudatum Del. (RouoIER, 1954: 56). Both plants, and also A. halimus, belong to the family Chenopodiaceae, to members of which the genus Broconius seems to be associated. Lixus ulcerosus Petri, 1904. - This species was found in Los Monegros on Onopordum nervosum and Carduus bourgeanus from February to June. Some specimens, probably overwintering, were found in November inside the stems of O. nervosum. Lixus castellanus lugens Petri, 1912. - This subspecies was described from Aranjuez (Central Spain) as Lixus castellanus var. lugens. No other record is known, and we have also observed this 1

I i 410 VrrÁzquez Dp Cesrno et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l'Espagne \

weevil in Aranjuez, on gypsiferous soils (Alonso-Zarazaga, unpublished data). The presence of Z. castellanus lugens only in this place and in Los Monegros may indicate that this subspecies is associated with some plant exclusive of gypsiferous soils. Lixus albomargin¿lzsBoheman, 1843. -This species lives on Reseda and on some species of Brassicaceae (DmcrueuN, 1983 : 298).In Los Monegros it has been found on Lepidium subulatum. The only sure records from Spain are those from Madrid (CourrE, 1981 : 238) and the Balearic Islands (Iclesns, 1922:41); probably, this species is more widely distributed, since most of the previous Spanish records for L. ascanii (L.,1767) may possibly be referred to this species. Lixus sp. prope cribricollis Boheman, 1836. - Some specimens from Los Monegros are similar to this species, but the structure of their legs is different. Moreover, the host plant of I. cribicollis is Rumex (Polygonaceae) whereas specimens of Los Monegros were found on Atriplex halimus and S al s ola v ermicul ata (Chenopodiaceae). Larinus cynmoe (F., 1787). - Adults of this species were found in June and July on Onopordum nervosum, and from October to February under stones or under barks, possibly overwintering. Leacomigas candidafus tessellafus @airmaire, 1849). - HorrveNx (1954 : 462) recorded this weevil fromArtemisia campestris, A. herba-alba andA. gallica.It has been collected in Monegros inl. herba-alba. Metadonus vuillefroyanzs Capiomont, 1868. - This species has been recorded by YntÁzqvnz De Cesrno & Menrñ (1992:233) only from Morocco and Iberian Peninsula (south Spain and Los Monegros), where it occurs in salt sites. The collecting of M. vuillefroyanus on Suaeda vera is the first biological record for this species. We have also collected this weevil under S. vera in salt places in Novelda, Alicante province (Yeléaquez de Castro, unpublished data).

Ceutorhynchus gtpsophilus Colonnelli, sp. n. Hotorvpe: ó, "EsPAñA: provincia deZaragoza,Los Monegros,5.V.1994,J. Blasco I Lepidium subulatum L."; in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid. Penarypps: 19, idem; 19, idem, 9.111.1994;29, 16, idem, 24.II.1994; 19, idem, 6.IV.1994;29, I6 , idem, 24.IV.1994;6 9, 6d , idem, 24.V.1994; l? , idem, 10.X.1994; l9 , idem, 26.XI. 1994;1 ó and I 9,"E:20kmNEValladolid,GranjaMuedr4 m750,12.V.1989,P. Audisio". Thirteen paratypes in the YeIázquez de Castro collection, Valencia, Spain; 5 paratypes in the author collection, Rome, Italy; 2 paratypes in the Museo di Zoologia dell'Universitá, Rome, Italy, 2 paratypes in the Boris Korotyaev collection, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Description. -Length: 1.6-1.9 mm. Piceous, shining, coarsely punctured; pronotum sometimes with a very faint brassy lustre; elytra dark blue. Dorsal vestiture on head and pronotum consisting of half-recumbent brownish and greyish hairlike scales pointing backward on head and forward on pronotum; dorsal sulcus of prothorax with some recumbent white lanceolate scales more numerous and wider in front of scutellum. Elytral intervals each with a row of lifted setae. Under side clothed by rather spalse narrowly lanceolate white scales more condensed on meso and metepimera. Rostrum slightly shorter than pronotum in male and about as long as prothorax in female, strongly curved at base and nearly straight in the apical halfl strigose up to just before antennal insertion, theñ shining and glabrous. Antenna inserted immediately basad of middle of rostrum; scape abruptly clubbed; funióulus 7-jointed; joints I to 3 elongate, diminishing in length; 4-5 clearly longer than wide; 6-7 rounded, not transverse; club large, oval, about as long asjoints 5-7 together. Frons rather flat, strongly punctured; eyes only a little convex. Pronotum strongly transverse, constricted at apex, base sligñtl¡ bisinuose. Disc rather flat, coarsely punctured; antero-lateral depressions evident; dorsal sulcus faint; lateral tubercles rather acute. Elytra slightly longer than wide, moderately convex, widest at basal %; sides slightly and uniformly curved up to preapical tubercles; humeral calli evident, preapical ones strong. Strial furrows deep, catenulate, bare. Intervals only slightly wider than striae, rather flat, shining, with spaced tranverse wrinkles. Zegs robust and short; femora edentate. Tibia straight, enlarged from base to apex; all male tibia mucronate at apex, protibial mucro minute. Tarsi short; claws appendiculate at base. Male urosternites r-2 flat,5 with shallow fovea. see also fig. 7 and 10. Etymologt. - The nar e glpsophilus,the Latin for "related to g¡lpsum" refers to the fact that the species, like its host plant, are strictly associated to gypsum soil. Bulletin de la Socíété entomologique de France,l05 (4), 2000 : 401-418 4tr

7

H 0 10

Fig.TtoIZ.-7-g,Schematicdrawingsof thebodyshape of Ceutorhynclzsspecies.-T,Ceutorhynchus C. coerílescens Gyllenhal from Poland: Kraków; -9,C' lepidi g,irophiturColonnelli n- sp., holotyp"I- 9, of the aedeagus from a!ov¡.-- 10., Hoffmann from spain: Ayllón. Scalé bar = I mm. - \}-lz,schematic drawings Gyllenhal from Poland : Kraków ; 12, C' lepidi Ceutorhynchus gtpsophilur n. sp., paratype ; - ll, C. coerulescens - 0.5 mm. Hotrrnann from Spain : Sierra deBaza, santa Brárbara. Scale bar =

1837 from cenhal Remarlcs.- The new species is very closely related to C. coerulescens Gyllenhal, (1.6-1,9 mm instead of 2.1-2.6 mm), Europe, from which it is immediately recognisabie by the smaller size shape of aedeagus' These same less convex and less coilsely punciured pronotal disc, shorter rostrum, (2-2.4 C. Hoffmann, 1954 characteristics also distinguisú the new species from the smaller -T) lyídi (see frg.7-r2). Apart these from south-west France ñrd spain, whose elytral setae are also less lifted thus far described' two species , C. gtpsophitus cinnotbe confusód with any Ceutorhynchus Ecologt.- All specimens from Los Monegros (and apparently also those from Granja Muedra, as can be safely considered referred by paolo euáisio; were collected on Lepidium subulatum L., which closely related species live on the host piant of C. grprophitut Note that also the two above mentioned from campestre R' Br' members of the gdlr LLpidium, since C. coerulescens has been reported I' (Hornu,o,wN, 1954)' The (HorrranNN ,I95|;tonse, 19S3); and C. tepidi from I. h.eterophyllumBenth. collecting of the n"* rp".'i"s in igg+ from iate winter to late autwnn is also noteworthy. 2 females collected Theodorinus hispanicus Colonnelli, lgg5. - This species was described upon alsg in Almería. The specimens of Los Monegros are the first recorded in north-east Spain. We haye (Alonso-Z., unpublished data). collected this weevil in an area with gypsiferous soils around Madrid it. pr*t association with Ephedra iátrodens¡s was also observed in Los Monegros' Note that the given in the spelling T. hispanicu, ** ,"i."ted by Cor.orvNsr.lr (199s) over the alternative T. ibericus catalogue (Cor-owNEI-LI, I 995). Barioxyonyx daghestanicas Korotyaev,1992. - This genus comprises three other species, one a disjunt occurring in enátoüa,"*d t*o known from north Africa. B. daghestanicus is th9 one showing previous distributlon, since it áccurs in Spain, Anatolia and Daghestan (KonorvnEv 1993).The only record in Spain is that from Tibi (Alicante). paroryonyx imitator (Wagner, 1929). - The specimens collected during the present sr¡rvey are (1995: the first sinóe túe description of th. species. They have been already recorded by CoLoxNelLl 20g): in this paper the province of Lós Monegros is wrongly indicated as being Alicante. This species appears to be endemic of north-east Spain- paroryonyx cinctus (Chevrolat, 1861). - The distribution of this species is north Africa, Balearic (south Island and iberian peninsula. Records from Iberian Peninsula are from Almería and Valencia and east Spain). Los Monegros is the northernmost locality for this species' Mogulones tessellatus (Schultze, 1S99). - Recorded from Algeria (Color'welll, 1983: 176) and northernmost Central Spain (FunNre, l9t):364). This is the first record for north-east Spain, and the locality fór the species. Note that Icr.Bsns (1922: 77) wrongly refers the record of Fuente to another paper by the same author. Baris scolopacea Germar, ltz4. - This species lives upon plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, mainly uponAtríptex halimus (Hornvrnw,1954:1062), and it has been collected in Los Monegros on 412 YnrAzqtnz DB Cesrno et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l'Espagne this plant. Other records in the Iberian Peninsula are from Valencia, on Salsola kali L. (MoRootR, l92l: 12) and Alicante, in salt marshes (YwAzqunz D¡ C¡,srno & MaRrñ, 1992:233). Baris corsicana Schultze, 1904. - Previously indicated by HoTTMANN (1954: 1072) from Corsica, Sardinia and south France (Alpes-Maritimes). This is the first record for Spain. The two specimens were found in April on coloured dishes. The host plant recorded in Alpes-Maritimes is Biscutella cichoriiftlia Lois (HorrMANN, 1954), but this plant is not present in Monegros, since Biscutella cichoriifulia is distributed in Spain, but only on the Pyrenees. Baris picicornis (Marsham, 1802). - Four specimens were found on Reseda lutea, its host plant (HorrvexN, 1954: 1079). Other records from Spain are Cuenca (Iclesms 1922:79) and Valencia, here too collected on Reseda lutea (Moxooun l92l : 12). Baris seWatu (Boheman, 1844). - One specimen was found in Los Monegros, and we have also col- lected another specimen near this site, in Sierra de Alcubierre (Pelletier, unpublished data). This weevil has been recorded from Italy, Toscana (Anutzzt & OsELI-e, 1992:361), Algeria (Rrrrren, 1895:23) and Spain, here only from the Central and southern part of the Iberian Peninsula (IcLEsrns, 1922:78). Sibinia iberica Hoffmann, 1959. - Previously indicated from Madrid and Zarcgoza (Celoana, 1979:78). Also collected in Alicante (Yelázquez de Castro, unpublished data). In Madrid the species was found onGypsophila struthium Loefl. subsp. struthium (YwAzqunz DE Cnsrno 1990: 84), while in Los Monegros S. iberica is related to the other subspecies, G. struthíum Loefl. subsp. hispanica (Willk.) G.López. Sibinia iberica is only distributed in areas with gypsiferous soils. Adults appeared on the plants from April to September, being more abundant during the summer (fig. 2b). Sibinia gallica gemmans Desbrochers, 1908. - This subspecies, endemic of Spain, was described from Andalusia, although the type material examined was labelled with "Valencia, Hispania" (CnLoene, 1979: 90), a locality of east Spain where it had been recorded by MoRooeR (1924: 20). No other locality was known for this subspecies. This is the first record for north-east Spain, and the northernmost locality for this subspecies. Two specimens were collected, one of them by sweeping Oxyris alba,the other one after sweeping diverse plants. Tychius striatulus Gyllenhal, 1836. - This species has been recorded from several species of Ononis (Cer.oaRn, 1990 : 90). In Spain it has been recorded from Ononis tridentata (VEr.ÁzquEz De CastRo, 1990: 84), on which plant it was always collected in Los Monegros. T. striatulus is also abundant on this plant in Murcia, east Spain (Yelánquez de Castro, unpublished data). This species is a typical inhabitant of areas with gypsiferous soils, but it is not exclusive to these areas.

Plant associations The weevils of Los Monegros feed on a great diversity of plants, most of these having a Mediterranean distribution, and that are frequently associated to salt or gypsiferous soils. Some of the plant species can only live on gypsiferous soils: Gypsophila struthium, Helianthemum squamatum, Lepidium subulatum and, Ononis tridentata. The species of Curculionoidea associated with these plants may be monophagous, and are thus restricted to sites with gypsum soils, whereas oligophagous or polyphagous weevils are not (Table III). The presence of other steppe plants in Los Monegros is also noteworthy. Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) is the most emblematic species living in Los Monegros. It can be found in north African Atlas, in central Spain, in Aragón, and also, with relict populations, in south-eastern France and Corsica. Insects associated with this plant in Los Monegros are listed by Brasco-ZUMETA (in press), who indicates 2 species of weevils from I thurifera: Pachyrhinus ibericus and Auletes tubicen, both already recorded from other Cupressaceae. Adults of an unidentified species were also obtained from fruits of Juniperus thurifera. Ephedra nebrodensrs (Ephedraceae) lives in the Mediterranean and Turanian regions, preferring arid soils. A monophyletic group of Ceutorhynchinae lives on Ephedra (Konorveuv,1982, Colo¡rNell-l, 1995). Four species of them were collected in Los Monegros: Theodorinus hispanícus, Barioxyonyc daghestanicus, Paroxyonyx imitator Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France,l05 (4), 2000: 401-418 4r3

and P. cinctus. Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) lives in the west Mediterranean. At least six species or subspecies of weevils, some of them uncommon, are associated with this plant in Los Monegros : Diplapion confluens, D. squamuliferum, Chionostagon albosquamulata, Snophosoma blascoi, Leucomigus candidatus tessellatus and Lixus castellanus lugens. Other species of weevils collected on this plant are represented by few specimens, Strophosoma monegrense, Baris sellata, Rhynchaenus tomentosus and Donus pr. hispanrczs. They pro- bably also live on Artemista. Moreover, PÉntcART (1989 : 145,305) reported some species of Donus, Barís and also R. tomentoszs to Artemisía. Table III. - List of weevils associated to gypsophilous plants in Los Monegros. Gvnsonhilous nlants snecies and their distribution List of weevils associated to each Distribution

Zoogeographical analysis Chorotypes. - The chorotypes of the 95 identified species of Los Monegros are shown in t¿ble IV. One species is cosmopolitan, the remaining 94 species can be included in three of the five types of chorotypes of the western palaearctic fauna proposed by VtcNa- TeclnNrt et al. (1992). The first group consists in 45 species (47,4Yo) widespread in all or part of the Holarctic region. Few of the species of this group have a wide holarctic or Palaearctic distribution, instead, most of them show a distribution that comprises the Turanic region (17 species), or the Euromediterranean area (17 species). The second group is small and consists in 14 species (14,7%) widespread in Europe. This group includes two chorotypes, European and South European. The South European chorotype is the most represented. The third group consists in 35 species (26,3%o) widespread in the mediterranean countries. Two kinds of chorotypes are included in this group, Meditenanean and Western Mediterranean. The Western Mediterranean chorotype is the most represented. The 12 species endemic of Spain have been referred to two of these mentioned chorotypes on the basis of their Spanish distribution. Four species, included in the South European chorotype, have been recorded from Los Monegros and from other arid areas of Central Spain. They are Cathormiocerus brevirostris, Lixus castellanus lugens, Ceuto- rhynchus g,tpsophilus and Sibinia iberica; at least these 2 last species feed only on plants strictly associated to gypsum soils. The remaining 8 species have only been recorded from west Spain, they were included in the West Mediterranean chorotype. They are Chionostagon albosquamulata, Aspidiotes gonzalezi, Strophosoma blascoi, S. monegrense, probably Paroxyonyc imitator, Trachyphloeus crassicornis, Theodorinus hispanicus, and Sibinia gallica gemmans. Some are distributed only in the Central Ebro valley (C. albosquamulata, A. gonzalezi, S. blascoi, S. monegrense, and probably P. imítator) or they may be also distri- buted in some areas of west Spain (7. crassicornís, T. híspanicus, and S. gallíca gemmans). 414 Yprnzeupz Dp C¡,srno et al. - Curculionides du nord-est de l'Espagne

Table IV. - Chorotypes of the weevil species collected in Los Monegros. Chorotypes Percentag_e^--*: A. Cosmopolitan I 1,0 yo B. Widespread in all or pmt of the Holarctic region 45 47,4 % l. Holarctic OLA I 1,0 o/o 2. P alaearctic (holopalaearctic) PAL 7 7,3 yo 3. Sibiric-European SIE 1,0 yo 4. Centroasiatic-European-Mediterranean CEM 1,0 yo 5. Centroasiatic-European CAE 1,0 yo 6. Turanic-European-Mediterranean TEM t2 12,6 0/o 7. Turanic-European TEU 4 4,2 0/o 8. Turanic-Mediterranean TUM I 1,0 0/o 9. European-Mediterranean EUM t7 17,9 0/o C. Widespread in Europe 14 14,7 % l. European EUR J 3,2yo 2. South European SEU n ll,6 yo D. Widespread in the Mediterranean countries 35 36,8 % l. Mediterranean MED t4 14,7 o/o 2. West Mediterranean WME 2t 72_r,l o/o

Species with disjunct distribution and vicariant species. - A study on the biogeography of insects from Los Monegros was made by RmEna & Brnsco-Zvt'mrd. (1998), who included two weevils species from Los Monegros : Theodorínus hispanicus and Sitona callosus. These authors, comparing the species of Los Monegros with those from other steppe areas of the eastem Mediterranean or Central Asia, discovered that 34 species have disjunct popu- lations in both sites, and that 27 species have their closest relatives in the steppes of the eastern sites. This relationship between western and eastern steppes could be explained by means of two hypotheses: (1) continuity of relict populations, and (2) recolonization of areas with similar ecological conditions. In the'case of insect species of Los Monegros that live in both areas, their distribution may be explained by either of both hypotheses. But in the case of species of Los Monegros that are closely related to other species or subspecies with eastern distribution, only the continuity of a relict fauna could explain this relationship. RIeeRA & Blasco-Zu¡¡nrd. (1998) concluded that the insect fauna of Los Monegros must be considered to have a pre-Pleistocenic origin, associated with the persistence of steppe habitats over gypsiferous soils in the area since the late Tertiary. This would also be the case of some plants, as the Juniperus thurifera - J. excelsa complex. The closest species to the western Mediterranean J. thurífera (see above) is -I excelsa from Anatolia, Caucasus, Iran and Arabia. Moreover, the pre-Pleistocene origin of at least some of the disjunct distribution of plants is now generally accepted (BnauN-BLANeUET & Bolós, 1957, WrLLrs, 1996). Among Curculionoidea, some of the species collected also denote a biogeographic link between Los Monegros and the steppes of the eastern Mediterranean or Central Asia. As stated above, these species are of two types. l) Species with disjunct distributíon. - Four species from Los Monegros have a disjunct distri- bution (table V), and it is also possible that some apparently endemites of Los Monegros may be discovered in eastem similar steppe localities. Sitona callosus occurs in Los Monegros as an isolate population, and is also distributed in arid sites from Poland to Central Asia (DncrrraewN, 1978). Barioxyonyx daghestanicus has western populations in Spain and eastem populations in Anatolia and Daghestan (Color.tNEr-r-r, 1995). Hypophyes minutissimus has a wider distribution, from Andalusia, Los Monegros and north Africa in the west, and from south Russia, Iraq and Egypt in the east (Rouorcn, 1954 :62). Broconius professus occurs in Los Monegros and in northem Algeri4 and it is also distributed in Eg¡ipt. Interestingly, the remaining species of Broconius have a disjunct distribution since 3 species live in Algeria, and the remaining 5 species are distributed in south Russia, Caucasus and Turkestan. Bulletin de la Socíété entomologique de France,l05 (4), 2000: 401-418 4ts

Table V. - Steppe--*wil species occurring in Los Monegros with disjunct distribution. ¡ ü;dii;ñü;-* l-d;t ü;Aii;il";' distribution distribution Turanian distribution

Hypophye s minutissimus South Russia

Sitona callosus

Alicante

2) Species whose closest relatives live in the east Meditercanean. area or in Central Asia. - Three species of Los Monegros show this biogeographical link (table VI). It is the case of the genus Theodorinus, which has 3 species: T. hispanicus from Spain, T. transcaucasicus Korotyaev, 1981 from the Caucasus, and T. multidentatus Pic,1914, from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, all of them living on species of Ephedra (Cot-oNNelLI, 1995). Sibinia iberica occurs in Los Monegros and in other areas with gypsiferous soils in Spain. The closest relative of this species is S. unicolor Fáhraeus, 1843, which lives in central and south-eastern Europe, Turkey and Siberia, and feeds on plants of the same genus: Gypsophila papillosa Porta and G. paniculata L. (CtroARA, 1985: 85), plants that do not occur in Spain. Leucomigus candidatus, a weevil that feeds on species of Artemisia, has 3 subspecies with disjunct distribution. The population of Los Monegros belongs to the subspecies tessellatus, which lives in east Spain and south France in areas with Mediterranean climate. But this subspecies has also been recorded from central Spain in a more continental, less dry area: El Escorial (SeNz & GuRnEe, 1995 : 292, also Velízquez de Castro, unpublished data). Other subspecies of this genus, L. candidatus candidatus is distributed from the eastem Black Sea to western Kazakhstan, comprising all the countries surrounding the Caspian Sea (Ten-MINASSIAN, 1988: l8l). Table VI. - Species occurring in Los Monegros and vicariant eastern species or subspecies. Westem species or Distribution Vicariant eastern Distribution species or subspecies Leucomigus candidatus Central and east Spain, L. candidntw From the eastern Black Sea tessellatus south France condidntus to west Kazakhstan Theodorinus hispanicus Monegros, Almería, T. multidentalus Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan Madrid T. transcaucasicus Caucasus Sibinia iberica Monegros, Madrid, S. unicolor Central and south-eastern Alicante Eurooe. Turkev. Siberia

Conclusion

The fauna of Curculionoidea of Los Monegros is very rich and several species are exclusive of that area or are known to occur only in some small enclaves of Spain. Moreover, some of the species are typical steppe insects, often associated to salt or gypsiferous soils. This steppe species can be considered relicts of a widespread Late Tertiary trans-Palaearctic fauna, the remnants of which have in Los Monegros the best known example in the Iberian Peninsula (RInEne & Blnsco-Zuvtnrt,1988). It is necessary to guarantee the continuity of the steppe habitats in Los Monegros in order to preserve its valuable insect populations.

AcrNowLeocEMENTS. - We would like to thank Roman Borovec, Nechanice, Czech Republic and Roberto Caldara, Milano, Italy for their help with the identification of some of the specimens.

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