Knud Jeppesen – the Road Movie Rejsebreve Fra Et Forskerliv

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Knud Jeppesen – the Road Movie Rejsebreve Fra Et Forskerliv Knud Jeppesen – The Road Movie Rejsebreve fra et forskerliv Thomas Holme Hansen Artiklen er en lettere revideret og udvidet udgave af den festforelæsning med titlen ‘Knud Jeppesen – The Roadmovie’, som forfatteren holdt den 23. november 2007 i Aarhus Universitets aula i anledning af Musikvidenskabeligt Instituts 60-års jubilæum. 1 Tekstens causerende præg er bibeholdt, ligesom kilde- henvisninger er holdt på et minimum. Med mindre andet er angivet, stammer alle de anførte citater fra breve – fra Knud Jeppesen til Alice Jeppesen – i Lotte og Kristian Jeppesens private samling af familiens korrespondance. Forfatteren har naturligvis indhentet tilladelse til anvendelsen af brevene. Åbenlyse korrekturer er stiltiende indføjet. 2 Første rejsemål – 1912 “Kære Forældre. Det er i Dag Søndag og jeg har meget travlt. … i Aften har vi Premiere paa Operaen “Mignon”. Heri spiller jeg Harpe og dirigerer et Kor bag ved Scenen. De forlanger mange mærkelige Ting af mig hernede. Lige før Koret kommer maa jeg spille Harpe i Orkesteret og saa i Løbet af 3 Takters Pause ile under Scenegulvet op paa Sce- nen. Saa holder de alle Døre aabne for mig og jeg flyver som en vanvittig over Kasser og Theaterrekvisiter op paa Scenen hvor Koret venter paa mig. Det kan naturligvis ikke blive godt, naar jeg saadan maa overstyrte mig. I gaar ved Generalprøven gik det ogsaa fuldkommen umuligt. Nu haaber jeg at kunne faa en Prøve til i Aften under Forestillin- gen med Koret og hvis det saa ikke gaar, gaar jeg i Skomagerlære med det samme, eller begaar andre fortvivlede Ting” (29.9.1912). Vi skriver 1912, og det er Knud Jeppesen (1892-1974), vores hovedperson, som i hast skriver en epistel hjem til sine forældre. Det er et års tid siden, at han blev student fra Rungsted Kostskole, og han befinder sig nu, 20 år gammel, i den vestprøjsiske by Elbing (Elbląg), ikke langt fra det nuværende Gdansk, hvor han afprøver drømmen om at blive dirigent. Brevet fortsætter: “Det er i det Hele taget en haard Kur for en ung Musiker fra de idylliske hørs- holm-rungstedske Lyksaligheder pludselig at blive kastet ud i et tysk Theater. Det er som at blive kastet i Vandet for én, der ikke kan svømme[;] man faar sig et Par ordent- lige Dukkerter (og det har jeg ogsaa faaet, og vil rimeligvis faa endnu flere) men lærer hurtigt hvortil man har sine Arme og sin Energi. … selv om det ikke altsammen er morsomt hernede, meget af det er endog meget lidt morsomt, saa vil jeg holde ud saa længe jeg paa nogen maade kan, det er min Pligt mod Eder og mig selv. Jeg véd jeg har Evner, maaske store, som Dirigent”. Jeppesen har siden barndommen været overbevist om, at musikken er hans vej i livet – og gå-på-modet og selvtilliden fejler ikke noget. Han har taget kunstnernavnet Richard Buch og fået stilling som 2. kapelmester ved byens stadsteater. Året efter får 1 han et tilsvarende engagement i byen Liegnitz (Legnica), og i 1914 er han ved at skrive kontrakt med et større teater i Berlin, da Første Verdenskrig bryder ud og tvinger ham hjem til Danmark. Hvilket var ret heldigt – for ellers var Musikinstituttets jubilæum nok ikke blevet afholdt, og i hvert fald ikke i 2007. Uddrag af Knud Jeppesens brev til sine forældre, 29. september 1912. Efter hjemkomsten skiftede Jeppesen nemlig spor for livet. I skomagerlære gik han dog ikke, men han blev organist og teorilærer, hvilket skaffede brød på bordet, og han blev en af verdens førende musikforskere, hvilket skaffede plads i historiebøgerne, og som sagt gør ham til lidt af en hovedperson ved dette jubilæum, 60 år – sådan cirka – efter at han grundlagde faget musik ved Aarhus Universitet. I det følgende skal ikke berettes nærmere om alt dét, vi i forvejen ved om Knud Jeppesen, dvs. studierne hos Thomas Laub 3 og Guido Adler, den berømte Palestrina- disputats og kontrapunktbogen, venskabet med Carl Nielsen, 4 alle kompositionerne, alle artiklerne, alle nodeudgivelserne 5 og alle hædersbevisningerne. I stedet for vil beretningen fortsætte som den begyndte, nemlig med Jeppesen rundt på sine rejser. Ind imellem bringes dog lidt fakta og et par glimt fra universitetsverdenen, idet Jeppe- sens rejse jo i en vis forstand endte på Aarhus Universitet. 2 I rejsebrevene får man glimt af, hvad det ville sige at være omrejsende musik- forsker i 1920’erne, 30’erne, 40’erne, 50’erne og 60’erne, og hvad man som sådan kunne komme ud for. For eksempel i marts 1926, da Jeppesen for første gang besøgte den by, som hans store renæssance-idol, Palestrina, var opkaldt efter. Det blev en fængslende oplevelse – næsten! Palestrina – 1926 Jeppesen var i Rom, hvor han arbejdede i Vatikanbiblioteket. Han besluttede at besøge Palestrina, som ligger lidt syd-øst for Rom, og kom til byen om aftenen – sandsynligvis som den eneste turist. Da det var umuligt at komme retur til Rom samme dag, fandt han logi og et måltid. Herefter lyder beretningen: “Jeg gik mig nu en Aftentur i Byen. Vejret var saa smukt og jeg satte mig paa For- stykket af Pierluigi’s Statue (som er rejst i hvidt Marmor paa Torvet her – den er for- øvrigt rædsom) og trak frisk Luft og kiggede paa Stjernerne. Som jeg sad her skulde det ikke hænde mig hverken værre eller bedre end at jeg blev arresteret, idet Komman- danten fra det stedlige Gendarmerie (en sort, diabolisk Karl, med Napoleonshat og Kappe) nærmede sig med skæbnestunge Skridt og anmodede mig om at følge med til Politistationen, da man ønskede Oplysninger om min Personlighed. Heldigvis havde jeg mit Pas paa mig (den eneste Bagage jeg førte med fra Rom) saa jeg kunde tage Situa- tionen med Sindsro, hvad jeg da ogsaa gjorde. Jeg blev ført til en gammel skummel Kasse med en vældig Port der hvinede ulykkesspaaende paa Hængslerne og som lukke- de sig bag ved mig med en Absoluthed, som var det for bestandigt. Kommandanten tog nu højtidelig Plads og bekiggede mit Pas med stor Opmærksomhed idet han hoved- sagelig vendte det paa Hovedet (jeg tror ærligt slet ikke han kunde læse det), men da der var tilstrækkelig mange fine Stempler paa det erklærede han, at det var i orden” (11.3.1926). Så fængsel blev det altså alligevel ikke til. Jeppesen var myreflittig, hele livet, også om søndagen, og i ferierne. Og han rejste afsted, så snart hans arbejde – og ikke mindst Carlsbergfondets bevillinger – gjorde det muligt. Det gjorde bevillingerne tit – og ofte i uger og måneder ad gangen. Igennem det meste af sin karriere besøgte Jeppesen i bogstaveligste forstand snesevis af biblioteker i det meste af Europa for at eftersøge, afskrive og fotografere manu- skripter og tryk fra renæssancen. Og når han var på farten, skrev han sammen med sin kone, Alice. Sådan cirka ét brev hver vej om dagen, hvortil kommer breve til venner, familie og ikke mindst andre kolleger. Knud og Alice skrev selvfølgelig kun sammen, når han var bortrejst, eller – hvis Alice var med på rejsen, og det var hun jævnligt – når de skrev sammen med sønnen Kristian. Så det er i sagens natur et lidt ujævnt billede, der tegner sig, men dog alt i alt op mod 4-5000 bevarede breve, hvortil kommer omkring 100 lommebøger indholden- de noter om alt fra biblioteksbesøg, regnskaber, togtider, hoteller, valuta-beholdning og vandmærker – til huskøb i Århus og Alices cykellås. Meget af det er naturligvis af privat karakter, men ind imellem gemmer sig skildringer af livet i Europa, i turbulente tider, langt hjemmefra det lille, hyggelige Danmark. 3 Tiden er nu april 1936, og det trækker op til borgerkrig i Spanien. At det bryder løs om tre måneder, ved Jeppesen selvfølgelig ikke og han er på vej til musikviden- skabelig kongres – i Barcelona. Barcelona – 1936 “Vi kom nu til den spanske Grænsestation. Tolden var komisk. Det eneste der interes- serede dem, var den lange Stang til mit Fotografistativ. De troede vist, det var et mystisk Skydevaaben, og først efter at jeg i personlig Extraaudiens hos hans Majestæt Overtolderen havde forevist min “Leica” faldt der Ro over Sindene” (18.4.1936). Jeppesen kommer fra et besøg hos en kollega i Köln, og har slået følge med nogle tyske musikforskere, som også skal til kongressen i Barcelona, heriblandt Theodor Kroyer. I Tyskland oplevede Jeppesen nazisternes regime på allernærmeste hånd, og berettede troligt hjem til Alice: “I Tyskland lever man i Udpræget Grad fra Haanden til Munden og ingen synes at være tilfredse. Man fortalte mig, at fornylig i et Kölnsk Biografteater var blevet forevist et Billede af Göring i en Flyvemaskine. Saa havde pludselig en Kone raabt “da fliegt unser Butter![”]. En ganske sjov Historie hørte jeg ogsaa om en fattig Arbejder, der havde anmodet “Winterhelfswerk” om en Barnevogn, men kun havde faaet løse Dele til en saadan “og hvordan han saa end skruede det sammen, blev det til et Maskin- gevær”.” (16.4.1936). Hvor vanskelige forholdene rent faktisk var for de tyske musikforskere fremgår også af Jeppesens beretning: “Jeg fulgtes i toget fra Paris med Kroyer, dennes Kone, samt 3 af hans Assistenter + en ældre sødligt fedladen Dame (vi vil kalde hende Frau Schultze). De havde ingen Valuta faaet og havde derfor til at leve for paa hele Rejsen kun 10 Mk. hver. … jeg laante Kroyer-Folkene Penge til de første Dages allernødvendig- ste Udgifter i Barcelona. Det er imidlertid en underlig Situation, idet det synes, som om alle Tyskere har faaet Valuta nægtet, og vi følgelig her kun vil have en ganske tilfældig og ringe tysk Repræsentation” (18.4.1936). Jeppesens farverige beretning fra den spanske grænsestation fortsætter i øvrigt med flere underholdende optrin og detaljer: “Kroyers Assistent Gerstenberg havde en Kasse Cigarer med; det kunne ikke tilstedes.
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