ETR 273-1-1 TECHNICAL February 1998 REPORT
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ETSI ETR 273-1-1 TECHNICAL February 1998 REPORT Source: ERM Reference: DTR/ERM-RP01-018-1-1 ICS: 33.020 Key words: Analogue, data, measurement uncertainty, mobile, radio, testing Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement of radiated methods of measurement (using test sites) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 1: Introduction ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-06921 Sophia-Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [email protected] Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved. Page 2 ETR 273-1-1: February 1998 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to "ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETR 273-1-1: February 1998 Contents Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................9 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................9 1 Scope.....................................................................................................................................11 2 References .............................................................................................................................11 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations ......................................................................................12 3.1 Definitions.................................................................................................................12 3.2 Symbols ...................................................................................................................16 3.3 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................18 4 Introduction to measurement uncertainty....................................................................................19 4.1 Background to measurement uncertainty .....................................................................19 4.1.1 Commonly used terms ............................................................................19 4.1.2 Assessment of upper and lower uncertainty bounds ..................................20 4.1.3 Combination of rectangular distributions....................................................21 4.1.4 Main contributors to uncertainty ...............................................................23 4.1.5 Other contributors...................................................................................23 4.2 Evaluation of individual uncertainty components............................................................24 4.2.1 Evaluation of type A uncertainties.............................................................24 4.2.2 Evaluation of type B uncertainties.............................................................25 4.2.3 Influence quantity uncertainties ................................................................26 4.3 Methods of evaluation of overall measurement uncertainty............................................26 4.4 Summary..................................................................................................................27 4.5 Overview of the approach of this ETR.........................................................................27 5 Analysis of measurement uncertainty.........................................................................................27 5.1 The BIPM method .....................................................................................................28 5.1.1 Type A uncertainties and their evaluation ..................................................28 5.1.2 Type B uncertainties and their evaluation ..................................................28 5.2 Combining individual standard uncertainties in different units..........................................29 5.3 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty limits (Student's t-distribution)...........................31 5.4 Combining standard uncertainties of different parameters, where their influence on each other is dependant on the EUT (influence quantities).....................................................31 5.5 Estimate of standard uncertainty of randomness..........................................................32 5.6 Summary of the recommended approach ....................................................................34 6 Examples of uncertainty calculations specific to radio equipment .................................................34 6.1 Mismatch..................................................................................................................34 6.2 Attenuation measurement...........................................................................................35 6.3 Calculation involving a dependency function .................................................................37 6.4 Measurement of carrier power ...................................................................................39 6.4.1 Measurement set-up...............................................................................39 6.4.2 Method of measurement .........................................................................39 6.4.3 Power meter and sensor module .............................................................39 6.4.4 Attenuator and cabling network................................................................40 6.4.4.1 Reference measurement .................................................41 6.4.4.2 The cable and the 10 dB power attenuator........................42 6.4.4.3 The 20 dB attenuator ......................................................43 6.4.4.4 Instrumentation ...............................................................44 6.4.4.5 Power and temperature influences ...................................45 6.4.4.6 Collecting terms..............................................................45 Page 4 ETR 273-1-1: February 1998 6.4.5 Mismatch during measurement.................................................................45 6.4.6 Influence quantities .................................................................................46 6.4.7 Random .................................................................................................47 6.4.8 Expanded uncertainty..............................................................................47 6.5 Uncertainty calculation for measurement of a receiver (Third order intermodulation)........48 6.5.1 Noise behaviour in different receiver configurations....................................48 6.5.3 Interference immunity measurements .......................................................50 6.5.4 Blocking and spurious response measurements.........................................50 6.5.5 Third order intermodulation ......................................................................50 6.5.5.1 Measurement of third order intermodulation.......................51 6.5.5.2 Uncertainties involved in the measurement.........................52 6.5.5.2.1 Signal level uncertainty of the two unwanted signals ................................52 6.5.5.2.2 Signal level uncertainty of the wanted signal.................................................53 6.5.5.3 Analogue speech (SINAD) measurement uncertainty..........53 6.5.5.4 BER and message acceptance measurement uncertainty...53 6.5.5.5 Other methods of measuring third order intermodulation.....54 6.6 Uncertainty in measuring continuous bit streams...........................................................54 6.6.1 General..................................................................................................54 6.6.2 Statistics involved in the measurement......................................................54 6.6.3 Calculation of uncertainty limits when the distribution characterizing the combined standard uncertainty cannot be assumed to be a Normal distribution..............................................................................................56 6.6.4 BER dependency functions ......................................................................58 6.6.4.1 Coherent data communications.........................................59 6.6.4.2 Coherent data communications (direct modulation) ............59 6.6.4.3 Coherent data communications (subcarrier modulation)......60 6.6.4.4 Non coherent data communication ....................................61 6.6.4.5 Non coherent data communications (direct modulation) ......61 6.6.4.6 Non coherent data communications (subcarrier modulation).....................................................................63 6.6.5 Effect of BER on the RF level uncertainty .................................................64 6.6.5.1 BER at a specified RF level .............................................64 6.7 Uncertainty in measuring