DOCSLIB.ORG

A Report of Karyotype and B-Chromosome in Costus Spicatus (Jacq.) Sw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Report of Karyotype and B-Chromosome in Costus Spicatus (Jacq.) Sw © 2021 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 86(1): 41–45 A Report of Karyotype and B-Chromosome in Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. from Bangladesh Susmita Saha, Faria Akbar and Kazi Nahida Begum* Department of Botany, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Chittaranjan Avenue, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Received October 4, 2020; accepted November 4, 2020 Summary Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. is a species of Costaceae (Zingiberaceae) family, which is most familiar as a medicinal plant because of its therapeutic values. A detailed karyological analysis has been accomplished through aceto-orcein staining, chromosome number was reported 2n=18 along with the presence of one B- chromosome, which exhibited with a karyotype formula as 16m+2sm. It would be a new report for C. spicatus. The esteems of various karyomorphological indices regarding the aspect of asymmetry, demonstrated its sym- metry in the karyotype. Therefore, the basic chromosomal information of the current investigation will contribute to deposit chromosomal knowledge and conservation of plant genetic resources of C. spicatus as an invaluable medicinal plant. Keywords Orcein stain, Karyomorphology, Symmetry, B-chromosome, Costus spicatus. Costus is one of the wide-ranging genera of Costaceae serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, (Zingiberaceae) family consists of about 175 species dis- and when enhancing plasma insulin, HDL-cholesterol tributed to the most part of Neotropical region (Specht and tissue glycogen (Jothivel et al. 2007). et al. 2001, Benny 2004, Specht and Stevenson 2006, As of late, the need for medicinal plants are gradu- Eevera et al. 2010). In this genus, C. spicatus (Jacq.) ally expanded because of their minor or negligible side Sw. is well-known for its medicinal importance as well effects in contrast to manufactured medicines. As a as used as an ornamental plant due to its floral beauty. result, the interest of both domestic and multinational Generally, C. spicatus is known as spiked spiral flag pharmaceutical companies has been expanded into me- ginger or Indian ginger head, found in Southeast Asia. dicinal plants for manufacturing herbal-based medicine In recent periods, it is more profusely found in India and to contribute economically to the global medical indus- Sri Lanka along with Indo-Malayan regions and natural- try as well as the local sector. By reason of increasing ized in some tropical territories (Pawar and Pawar 2014). demands of C. spicatus as a superior medicinal plant and According to Ososki et al. (2002), C. spicatus is sig- delayed vegetative propagation as most of the seeds are nificantly utilized as an anti-diabetic medicinal plant non-viable (Nagendra and Abraham 1981), it is essential throughout the archive of medicinal traditions particu- to take vital steps for the proper conservation of this larly in the Dominican Republic and the United States. medicinal plant. So, the classical cytogenetical analyses Now-a-days, scientific evidence along with traditional are still required because they come up with important evidence furnished that this plant has the potential- evidence regarding numerical and structural features of ity to inverse diabetics and its complexities (Moosmann the chromosome set for karyotype construction in order and Behl 2002). In the Amazon region, C. spicatus is to proper conservation (Akbar et al. 2020, Saha et al. used as a folk and traditional medicinal remedy to cure 2020). pneumonia, skin diseases, asthma, cough, fever, urinary In consequence, the current karyological analysis disease, dysentery and constipation (Quintans Júnior leads to serve cytological knowledge by providing a new et al. 2010). Azhagumadhavan et al. (2019) reported the report on karyotype and B-chromosome with detailed presence of diosgenin, dioscin, saponin, glucosides and karyomorphological analysis on C. spicatus for the first quinine in C. spicatus and they have effective pharma- time from Bangladesh which may help in conservation cological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-choline of genetic resources. esterase, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-stress and estrogenic proper- Materials and methods ties. Moreover, C. spicatus has the potentiality to reduce Plant material * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Five individuals of Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. grow- DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.41 ing in the natural population within the wild condition of 42 S. Saha et al. Cytologia 86(1) Fig. 1. Morphology of C. spicatus. (a) plants in natural population, (b) rhizome, scale bar=2.50 cm and (c) compacted cone like spike inflorescence with flower, scale bar=2.85 cm. the Botanical Garden of Department of Botany, Jagan- five analyzed plants. Based on the decreasing order of nath University were collected as analyzed material for chromosome size an idiogram was prepared. According conducting this study and showed in Fig. 1. to the nomenclature of Levan et al. (1964), the karyo- typic formula was determined considering the position Chromosome analysis of the centromere. A divergent range of karyomorpho- Fresh root tips (RTs) with 0.5–1 cm length, were col- logical parameters including symmetry and asymmetry lected from the five plants and initially washed with indices were estimated as the total form percent (TF%) water. Then RTs were pretreated with 2 mM 8-hydroxy- (Huziwara 1962), karyotype asymmetry index (AsK%) quinoline at room temperature (28–30°C) for 50 min. (Arano 1963), the index of karyotype symmetry (Syi%) Afterward, the pre-treated RTs were fixed in Carnoy’s (Greilhuber and Speta 1976), the index of chromosomal fluid (1 glacial acetic acid : 3 ethanol) for 24 h at 4°C. size resemblance (Rec%) (Greilhuber and Speta 1976), For further use, preservation was done in 70% ethanol. intrachromosomal and interchromosomal asymmetry Through a spirit burner, the preserved pre-treated RTs index (A1 and A2) (Zarco 1986), degree of asymmetry of were heated gently with a (3 : 1) mixture of 1% aceto- karyotypes (A) (Watanabe et al. 1999), the asymmetry orcein and 1 M HCl. Lastly, the meristematic portion of index (AI) (Paszko 2006) and Stebbins’s classification RT was squashed gently with a drop of 1% aceto-orcein (Stebbins 1971). under a coverslip. Prepared chromosome slides were ob- served under an Optika microscope and the microscopic Results and discussion photographs were captured with a Euromax camera (CMEX 10, DC 10000C). From the well scattered mitotic metaphases, somatic For somatic chromosome count and karyotype analy- chromosome number, numerical data of karyotype pa- sis three best scattered metaphase of each plant was rameters, idiogram and karyomorphological features of considered, whereas 25 metaphases were observed for C. spicatus were summarized in Fig. 2 and Table 1. confirming the presence of B-chromosome from RTs of In the current investigation, after doing a close inqui- 2021 Karyotype and B-Chromosome Study in Costus spicatus 43 Fig. 2. Orcein-stained mitotic metaphase chromosomes and haploid idiogram of C. spicatus. (a) mitotic metaphase chromo- somes without B-chromosome, (b) mitotic metaphase chromosomes with B-chromosome (indicated by an arrow), (c) haploid idiogram. B indicates B-chromosome. Scale bars=5 µm. Table 1. Numerical data on the karyotype parameters of the haploid chromosome complement of C. spicatus. Chromosome Long arm length±SD Short arm length±SD Total length ±SD (µm) Arm ratio±SD CI±SD CT pair (µm) (µm) I 2.31±0.34 1.60±0.10 3.91±0.25 1.44±0.28 40.92±3.24 m II 2.41±0.05 1.21±0.05 3.62±0.09 1.99±0.07 33.43±1.21 sm III 1.98±0.29 1.38±0.33 3.35±0.10 1.44±0.37 41.04±3.10 m IV 1.73±0.20 1.33±0.17 3.06±0.18 1.31±0.23 43.37±2.77 m V 1.62±0.40 1.20±0.04 2.81±0.02 1.35±0.07 42.53±3.22 m VI 1.48±0.14 1.23±0.12 2.70±0.04 1.20±0.15 45.37±2.51 m VII 1.41±0.09 1.15±0.10 2.56±0.08 1.23±0.09 44.92±2.12 m VIII 1.34±0.05 1.13±0.13 2.46±0.18 1.19±0.15 45.73±2.37 m IX 1.15±0.03 0.98±0.05 2.13±0.07 1.18±0.14 45.88±1.25 m B 0.45±0.12 0.40±0.09 0.85±0.27 1.13±0.11 47.06±0.33 m CI=centromeric index, CT=centromeric type, m=metacentric chromosome, sm=sub-metacentric chromosome, SD=standard deviation sition of the inspected material̶C. spicatus was found chromosome number of the species was found x=9. The to have the diploid complement of 18 chromosomes with reports regarding to the number of diploid chromosomes a special feature containing an unpaired chromosome 2n=16 were recorded by Boehm in 1931 from C. spi- in 3 out of 5 analyzed plant materials with a percentage catus (syn. C. cylindricus) where all the chromosomes of 32 (Fig. 2a, b). The remarkably smallest chromo- are metacentric. Simmonds (1954) disclosed the diploid some can be recognized as B-chromosome. Our study chromosome number for the species as 2n=18. revealed that the investigated plants had 16 metacentric In C. spicatus, 32% of the studied cells were observed chromosomes, two submetacentric chromosomes show- with a B-chromosome in three out of five examined ing the karyotypic formula 2n=18=16 m+2sm, and an plant materials (Fig. 2b). The size of the B-chromosome unpaired metacentric B-chromosome (Table 1). No sat- was 0.85±0.27 µm with long arm 0.45±0.12 µm and ellite was spotted from the examined species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TAXON:Costus Malortieanus H. Wendl. SCORE:7.0 RATING:High Risk
    TAXON: Costus malortieanus H. SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Wendl. Taxon: Costus malortieanus H. Wendl. Family: Costaceae Common Name(s): spiral flag Synonym(s): Costus elegans Petersen spiral ginger stepladder ginger Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 2 Aug 2017 WRA Score: 7.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Perennial Herb, Ornamental, Shade-Tolerant, Rhizomatous, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 2 Aug 2017 (Costus malortieanus H.
    [Show full text]
  • Generating High Variability of B Chromosomes in Eyprepocnemis Plorans (Grasshopper)
    Heredity 71 (1993) 352—362 Received 5 January 1993 Genetical Society of Great Britain Generating high variability of B chromosomes in Eyprepocnemis plorans (grasshopper) M. D. LOPEZ-LEON, J. CABRERO, M. C. PARDO, E. VISERAS, J. P. M. CAMACHO* & J. L. SANTOSI Departamento de Genética, Facu/tad de Ciencias, Un/versidad de Granada, E- 18071 Granada, Spa/n and tDepartamento de Genét/ca, Facultad de B/o/ogIa, Un/vers/dad Comp/utense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spa/n Twenty-eightprogeny analyses (PAs) performed on specimens of E. plorans collected from four natural Iberian populations have been informative about the transmission of rare B chromosome types or the de novo origin of some of them. At least ii rare B-types have been found in addition to the predominant ones: B1 in Daimuz, B2 in Jete and Salobreña, and B5 in Fuengirola. The presence in two controlled crosses of one embryo carrying a B-type which was absent in the parents suggests that these B variants (B20 and B )haveoriginated de novo. Eleven other PAs suggest that new B derivatives are recurrently arising in these populations. The most frequent B chromosome mutation was centromere misdivision that originated four different B-types (B2m1,B110,B210 and Bmjnj). Other rearrangements were pericentric inversions (B211, B212 and B213), inverse tandem fusion (B211), centric fusion (B11) and deletions (B2d1andB2d2).Thefour B derivatives produced by centromeric misdivision are significantly eliminated during sexual transmission, most probably owing to deficiencies in the control of chromosome movement by their hemicentromeres. Those derived from translocations showed Mendelian transmission but deletion B variants showed a tendency to elimination.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Variation in Y-Chromosome Structure of Rumex Acetosa
    Heredity 57 (1986) 247-254 The Genetical Society of Great Britain Received 16 December 1985 Continuous variation in Y-chromosome structure of Rumex acetosa A. S. Wilby and School of Biological Sciences, J. S. Parker Queen Mary College, Mile End Road, London El 4NS. The dioecious angiosperm Rumex acetosa has an XXIXY1Y2sex-chromosomesystem. Each V-chromosome is heterochromatic except for a minute terminal euchromatic pairing segment. The Vs are constant in size but have a variable centromere position. The centromeres can be located anywhere within the central 40 per cent of the chromosome but are excluded from the two distal 30 per cent regions. In a sample of 270 males from 18 different populations 68 distinct variants have been identified on the basis of V-morphology. All populations are highly polymorphic with a minimum of four variants in a sample of ten males. The origin and significance of this massive variability is considered in this paper. Increased mutation rate of the Ys may be implicated in maintenance of this variation. I NTRO DUCTI ON these "inert" Ys has been described (Vana, 1972) variation in their structure has been overlooked. Sex-determinationin animals is usually genic and Extensive heterochroinatic content is a charac- frequently associated with visibly-differentiated teristic of many Y- and W-chromosomes. Indeed, sex-chromosomes. Sex expression in plants, some have argued that the process of hetero- however, is usually more plastic, and is subject to chromatinisation itself was implicated in the initial environmental influences such as temperature and phase of sex-chromosome differentiation (Jones, photoperiod (Heslop-Harrison, 1957).
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Expression Changes Elicited by a Parasitic B Chromosome in the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis Plorans Are Consistent with Its Phenotypic Effects
    Gene expression changes elicited by a parasitic B chromosome in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans are consistent with its phenotypic effects Beatriz Navarro-Domínguez, María Martín-Peciña, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano, Josefa Cabrero, José María Corral, María Dolores López-León, et al. Chromosoma Biology of the Nucleus ISSN 0009-5915 Chromosoma DOI 10.1007/s00412-018-00689-y 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Chromosoma https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-018-00689-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gene expression changes elicited by a parasitic B chromosome in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans are consistent with its phenotypic effects Beatriz Navarro-Domínguez1,2 & María Martín-Peciña1 & Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano1 & Josefa Cabrero1 & José María Corral3,4 & María Dolores López-León1 & Timothy F. Sharbel3,5 & Juan Pedro M. Camacho1 Received: 24 August 2018 /Revised: 20 December 2018 /Accepted: 21 December 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Parasitism evokes adaptive physiological changes in the host, many of which take place through gene expression changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Supernumerary B Chromosomes of Aegilops Speltoides Undergo Precise Elimination in Roots Early in Embryo Development
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16594-x OPEN Supernumerary B chromosomes of Aegilops speltoides undergo precise elimination in roots early in embryo development Alevtina Ruban 1,2,6, Thomas Schmutzer 1,3,6, Dan D. Wu1,4, Joerg Fuchs1, Anastassia Boudichevskaia 1,2, Myroslava Rubtsova1,5, Klaus Pistrick 1, Michael Melzer1, Axel Himmelbach1, Veit Schubert1, Uwe Scholz 1 & ✉ Andreas Houben 1 1234567890():,; Not necessarily all cells of an organism contain the same genome. Some eukaryotes exhibit dramatic differences between cells of different organs, resulting from programmed elimina- tion of chromosomes or their fragments. Here, we present a detailed analysis of programmed B chromosome elimination in plants. Using goatgrass Aegilops speltoides as a model, we demonstrate that the elimination of B chromosomes is a strictly controlled and highly efficient root-specific process. At the onset of embryo differentiation B chromosomes undergo elimination in proto-root cells. Independent of centromere activity, B chromosomes demonstrate nondisjunction of chromatids and lagging in anaphase, leading to micro- nucleation. Chromatin structure and DNA replication differ between micronuclei and primary nuclei and degradation of micronucleated DNA is the final step of B chromosome elimination. This process might allow root tissues to survive the detrimental expression, or over- expression of B chromosome-located root-specific genes with paralogs located on standard chromosomes. 1 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany. 2 KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany. 3 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany. 4 Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Wenjiang, China.
    [Show full text]
  • And Abdominal-B in Drosqbhilu Melanogaster
    Copyright 0 1995 by the Genetics Society of America and Trans Interactions Between the iab Regulatory Regions and abdominal-A and Abdominal-B in Drosqbhilu melanogaster Jd Eileen Hendrickson and Shigeru Sakonju Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 841 12 Manuscript received August 15, 1994 Accepted for publication November 8, 1994 ABSTRACT The infra-abdominal ( iab) elements in the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster regulate the transcription of the homeotic genesabdominal-A ( abd-A) and Abdominal-B ( Abd-B) in cis. Here we describe two unusual aspects of regulation by the iab elements, revealed by an analysis of an unexpected comple- mentation between mutations in the Abd-B transcription unit and these regulatory regions. First,we find that iab-6 and iab7 can regulate Abd-B in trans. This iab trans regulation is insensitive to chromosomal rearrangements that disrupt transvection effects at the nearby Ubx locus. In addition, we show that a transposed Abd-B transcription unitand promoter on the Ychromosomecan be activatedby iabelements located on the third chromosome. These results suggest that the iab regions can regulate their target promoter located ata distant sitein the genomein a manner that is much less dependent on homologue pairing than other transvection effects.The iab regulatory regionsmay have a very strong affinity for the target promoter, allowing them to interactwith each other despite the inhibitory effectsof chromosomal rearrangements. Second, by generating abd-A mutations on rearrangement chromosomes that break in the iab-7 region, we show that these breaks induce theiab elements to switch their target promoter from Abd-B to abd-A.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on CANCER RESEARCH Special
    Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. ISSN 2250 – 0480; SP-07; “International Conference on Cancer Research” 2020. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CANCER RESEARCH Special Issue On 23rd JANUARY 2020 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/ijlpr 10.SP07/Jan/2020.1-87 ORGANIZED BY LIFE SCIENCE DEPARTMENTS (BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY) DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) (RE-ACCREDITED WITH ‘A’ GRADE BY NAAC) PERAMBALUR- 621 212. In conjunction with Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. ISSN 2250 – 0480; SP-07; “International Conference on Cancer Research” 2020. ABOUT THIS CONFERENCE The present conference is organized to concentrate Cancer Research in India, with a population close to 1·3 billion, and growing, is epidemiologically interesting and challenging for health-care planners. The conference intends to focus on cancer research, diagnosis and prevention. The conference will be offering a unique gathering in respect to scenario of global challenges. It aims to bring together students, teachers, and researchers working in sciences. The conference is expected to be a platform for the gathering of the ideas for the development of cancer research. GUEST SPEAKERS INAUGURAL ADDRESS Dr.G.Govindaraj ,M.B.B.S.,M.S.,M.Ch., FICS (Surgical Oncology) Managing Director Harshamitra Super Speciality Cancer Centre & Research Institute Trichy CHIEF GUEST Dr. Charles Santhanaraju Vairappan M.Sc., Ph.D Professor Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC) University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Natural Product Chemistry/Biotechnology Kota kinabalu,Sabah,Malaysia. GUEST OF HONOR Dr.K.Sabitha M.Sc., Ph.D Associate Professor Department of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (WIA) Adyar, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India www.ijlpr.com Page 2 Int J Life Sci Pharma Res.
    [Show full text]
  • How Next-Generation Sequencing Has Aided Our Understanding of the Sequence Composition and Origin of B Chromosomes
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review How Next-Generation Sequencing Has Aided Our Understanding of the Sequence Composition and Origin of B Chromosomes Alevtina Ruban ID , Thomas Schmutzer, Uwe Scholz ID and Andreas Houben * ID Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (U.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-(0)-39482-5486 Received: 28 August 2017; Accepted: 24 October 2017; Published: 25 October 2017 Abstract: Accessory, supernumerary, or—most simply—B chromosomes, are found in many eukaryotic karyotypes. These small chromosomes do not follow the usual pattern of segregation, but rather are transmitted in a higher than expected frequency. As increasingly being demonstrated by next-generation sequencing (NGS), their structure comprises fragments of standard (A) chromosomes, although in some plant species, their sequence also includes contributions from organellar genomes. Transcriptomic analyses of various animal and plant species have revealed that, contrary to what used to be the common belief, some of the B chromosome DNA is protein-encoding. This review summarizes the progress in understanding B chromosome biology enabled by the application of next-generation sequencing technology and state-of-the-art bioinformatics. In particular, a contrast is drawn between a direct sequencing approach and a strategy based on a comparative genomics as alternative routes that can be taken towards the identification of B chromosome sequences. Keywords: B chromosome; supernumerary chromosome; evolution; next generation sequencing 1. Recent Discoveries Related to the Origin and Evolution of B Chromosomes The origin and evolution of the B chromosomes, which appear to make a non-essential contribution to the overall genome, have puzzled cytogeneticists for over a century.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Allelic Forms of PRDM9 Associated with Childhood Leukemogenesis
    Rare allelic forms of PRDM9 associated with childhood leukemogenesis Julie Hussin1,2, Daniel Sinnett2,3, Ferran Casals2, Youssef Idaghdour2, Vanessa Bruat2, Virginie Saillour2, Jasmine Healy2, Jean-Christophe Grenier2, Thibault de Malliard2, Stephan Busche4, Jean- François Spinella2, Mathieu Larivière2, Greg Gibson5, Anna Andersson6, Linda Holmfeldt6, Jing Ma6, Lei Wei6, Jinghui Zhang7, Gregor Andelfinger2,3, James R. Downing6, Charles G. Mullighan6, Philip Awadalla2,3* 1Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada 2Ste-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada 3Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada 4Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 5Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 6Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 7Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. *corresponding author : [email protected] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS 2 SUPPLEMENTARY RESULTS 5 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 11 Table S1. Coverage and SNPs statistics in the ALL quartet. 11 Table S2. Number of maternal and paternal recombination events per chromosome. 12 Table S3. PRDM9 alleles in the ALL quartet and 12 ALL trios based on read data and re-sequencing. 13 Table S4. PRDM9 alleles in an additional 10 ALL trios with B-ALL children based on read data. 15 Table S5. PRDM9 alleles in 76 French-Canadian individuals. 16 Table S6. B-ALL molecular subtypes for the 24 patients included in this study. 17 Table S7. PRDM9 alleles in 50 children from SJDALL cohort based on read data. 18 Table S8: Most frequent translocations and fusion genes in ALL.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Whole Flower Transcriptomes in the Zingiberales
    1/25/2019 Summary of the talk California State University East Bay Department of Biological Sciences Almeida Lab - Introduction: - The Zingiberales order - Flower morphology in the Zingiberales - Hypothesis Comparative analysis of whole flower transcriptomes in the Zingiberales - Methods: data collection and analysis Ana Almeida; Alma Piñeyro-Nelson; Roxana Yockteng; Chelsea Specht - Results and discussion - OrthoFinder Ana Almeida - Blastn to oil palm - Transcription factors - Concluding remarks January 2019 Diversification of flower morphology The Zingiberales order Marantaceae g inger inger clade Cannaceae Zingiberaceae Costaceae b Lowiaceae anana group Strelitziaceae Heliconiaceae Musaceae (Saas et al. 2016, PeerJ) Flower morphology in the Musaceae The Zingiberales order Musa basjoo Marantaceae g inger inger clade Cannaceae Orchidantha Heliconia Zingiberaceae Costaceae b Lowiaceae anana group Strelitziaceae Musa Bird-of-paradise Heliconiaceae Musaceae 1 cm (Saas et al. 2016, PeerJ) 1 1/25/2019 The Zingiberales order Flower morphology in the Zingiberales Canna Cardamom Reduction to 1 fertile stamen Marantaceae g Petaloid staminodes inger inger clade Cannaceae Fusion of Reduction to ½ staminodes fertile stamen Costus Tumeric Zingiberaceae Costaceae b Lowiaceae anana group Ginger Strelitziaceae Musa basjoo Costus spicatus Canna sp. Calathea Heliconiaceae Musaceae (Saas et al. 2016, PeerJ) (modif from Specht et al. 2012, Bot Rev) Flower morphology in the Zingiberales Working hypothesis Mechanisms of floral Marantaceae g diversification
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 991.71 K
    Research Journal of Pharmacognosy (RJP) 4(4), 2017: 71-85 Received: 14 Dec 2016 Accepted: 24 June 2017 Review article Plants used to treat hyperpigmentation in Iranian traditional medicine: a review S. Ghafari1, Sh. Fahimi2*, Sh. Sahranavard2 1Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract Skin hyperpigmentation is characterized as increased production and accumulation of melanin, which could be aesthetically unfavorable and develops serious skin diseases. There is a need to find new depigmenting agents, since many current natural and synthetic products present undesired side effects. In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), plants have been used for the treatment of skin diseases such as hyperpigmentation. In this study, topical herbal medicines, for the treatment of hyperpigmentation were searched in ITM references, and their scientific names were identified, using different comprehensive glossaries. Thereafter, depigmenting mechanisms of these genera were reviewed in recent scientific literatures. Seventy-nine plants were made known as herbal remedies for skin hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, modern literatures have shown depigmenting effect of about 40% of these plants or their isolated compounds, with different melanogenesis inhibitory mechanisms with tyrosinase inhibition as the most revealed method. Regarding the new
    [Show full text]
  • The B Chromosome System of Omocestus Bolivari
    Heredity 54 (1985) 385—390 The Genetical Society of Great Britain Received 14 January1985 TheB chromosome system of Omocestus bolivari: changes in B-behaviour in M4-polysomic B-males E. Viseras and Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, J. P. M. Camacho Universidadde Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. A metacentric B chromosome has been found in four out the five populations of Omocestus bolivari analysed. The B univalent frequently associates with the X chromosome at prophase I. The iso-B nature is deduced from the persistent association between the two arms of the B, but it is neither confirmed nor denied by its C-banding response. At first meiotic division B univalents sometimes divide equationally which lead to their loss in the form of microspermatids. These aspects of meiotic behaviour of the iso-B's are significantly influenced by the M4-polysomy. INTRODUCTION (AU, 2500 m, North side), 22 males at Alto del Chorrillo (ACH, 2700 m, South side) and 55 males Manyspecies of grasshopper carry supernumerary at La Alberquilla (LA, 2400 m, South side). (B) chromosomes as extra elements in their Testes were fixed in 1:3 acetic ethanol. In the cytogenetic systems (see Hewitt, 1979; Jones and CO population testes and gastric caeca of each Rees, 1982). These additional chromosomes are male were fixed following the method described usually heterochromatic, show positively by Kayano (1971). Females were injected with 0.05 heteropycnotic at first meiotic prophase, and often per cent colchicine in insect saline solution for six associate with the X chromosome leading in some hours before fixation of gastric caeca and ovarioles.
    [Show full text]