FASHION REVOLUTION | TRANSPARENCY INDEX A

FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX

APRIL 2016 FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 01

02 WHY TRANSPARENCY IS THE BEGINNING OF A FASHION REVOLUTION 05 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 07 THE FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX RESULTS 13 WHAT DO THE RESULTS SHOW? 15 POSITIVE EXAMPLES 16 CONCLUSION 17 GET INVOLVED 18 REFERENCE & APPENDIX 19 ABOUT THIS REPORT

The content of this publication can in no way be taken to reflect the views of any of the funders of Fashion Revolution.

© Fashion Revolution CIC 2016. All rights reserved. This document is not to be copied or adapted without permission from Fashion Revolution CIC. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 02 WHY TRANSPARENCY IS THE BEGINNING OF A FASHION REVOLUTION

The factories operating in that Three years ago on building made clothes for over a 24th April, 1,134 dozen well-known international brands. It took weeks for people were killed some companies to determine in the Rana Plaza whether they had contracts with those factories despite their clothing garment factory collapse labels being found in the rubble. in Bangladesh. Fashion Revolution and Ethical Consumer feel passionately that tragedies like Rana Plaza must never happen again. Today, both people and the environment suffer as a result of the way fashion is made, sourced and purchased. It's time for a Fashion Revolution, and we believe that the beginning of this process is transparency. PHOTOGRAPHY BY JABER AL NAHIAN, ASITIMES AND SHARAT CHOWDHURY SHARAT AND ASITIMES NAHIAN, AL JABER BY PHOTOGRAPHY FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 03

COMPLEXITY OF SUPPLY CHAINS THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPARENCY We need more Fashion supply chains are typically long and very Lack of transparency costs lives. It is impossible complex. Some brands may work with thousands for companies to make sure human rights are transparency from of factories at any given time – and that is just respected and that environmental practices are the facilities that cut, sew and assemble our sound without knowing where their products the fashion industry. garments, but there are also further facilities are made, who is making them and under Transparency down the chain that dye, weave and finish what conditions. If you can’t see it, you don’t materials and farms that grow fibres too. During know it’s going on and you can’t fix it. involves openness, the manufacturing process our clothes are touched by a great many pairs of hands before Transparency means companies know who communication they reach the rails or shelves of the shop floor. makes their products – from who stitched them right through to who dyed the fabric and and accountability. Many companies do not really know where who farmed the cotton. When companies are their clothes are being made. The vast majority working in a transparent way, this also implies of today’s fashion brands do not own their openness, communication and accountability manufacturing facilities, making it difficult to across the supply chain and with the public too. monitor or control working conditions throughout the supply chain. A brand might place an order At the moment the public do not have enough with one supplier, who carves up the order information about where and how their clothes and subcontracts the work to other factories. are made. Shoppers have the right to know This happens regularly across the industry and that their money is not supporting exploitation, presents a great challenge for brands themselves human rights abuses and environmental as well as the people working in the supply destruction. There is no way to hold companies chain who become invisible in this process. and governments to account if we can’t see what is truly happening behind the scenes. This is why transparency is essential.

Being transparent creates the opportunity for collaborative action between companies, governments, NGOs, unions and the public to work towards building a fairer, cleaner and safer fashion industry. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 04 THE FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX

As a first step, Fashion Revolution For brands and retailers, we hope We want more brands Together Ethical and Ethical Consumer have the Fashion Transparency Index Consumer and Fashion partnered up to publish a Fashion inspires you to publish more and retailers to be able Transparency Index which ranks about your policies, practices, to answer the question Revolution wanted to find companies according to the level of products and the people making transparency in their supply chain. your clothes – answering the #whomademyclothes? out what companies are question #whomademyclothes. doing towards improving The first edition of the Fashion Transparency Index includes 40 of There is no doubt that the goal of social and environmental the biggest global fashion brands, transparent fashion supply chains which we have selected based is challenging. But we are beginning standards and how much on annual turnover. We relied to see that some companies are of that information they on publicly available financial beginning to make a real effort information to choose this selection while others have a long way to go. share with the public. of brands and their inclusion was With this Index, we hope to track the not voluntary. We aimed to choose fashion industry’s progress towards brands from a variety of sectors greater transparency, ensuring that – high street, luxury, , together we are pushing for more accessories, footwear and denim. information and better practices.

For consumers, the Fashion Transparency Index aims to give you some insight into just how little we know about the things we buy and wear. We hope it encourages you to want to find out more

about the story of your clothes. @wearezrcl by Photography FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 05 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research has been designed to give you an The Fashion illustrative look at how much brands know about Transparency their supply chains, what kind of policies they have in place and importantly, how much information Index uses a they share with the public about their practices broad brushstroke and products. As such, the Index does not offer an in-depth analysis of the content of a company’s approach. policies or performance in any given area.

It uses a ratings methodology, which benchmarks companies against current and basic best practice in supply chain transparency in five key areas:

POLICY & TRACKING & AUDITS & ENGAGEMENT & GOVERNANCE COMMITMENT TRACEABILITY REMEDIATION COLLABORATION

What are the standards How well does the company How does the company go To what extent does the What checks and balances and goals the company know its supply chain, about checking its supply company work with multi- does the company have sets itself for the protection and what information chain for compliance with stakeholder initiatives, in place and who is of workers and the do they share publicly its policies, international NGOs, unions and civil responsible within its environment across about who and where standards and local laws? society to tackle social own organisation for its supply chain? What products are made? How does the company deal and environmental issues ensuring initiatives that information do they make with its suppliers that fail in its supply chain? address labour standards public about these policies to meet these obligations? And are these activities are implemented? and commitments? How much information communicated publicly? And what information do they make public regarding governance about these activities? is publicly available? FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 06 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY continued

All 40 companies included in the Broadly, under each key area The top scores do not mean that index were invited to fill out a marks were allocated on a sliding the company has a fully transparent questionnaire, which helped us to scale summarised below: supply chain or is acting beyond its better understand their policies, policy commitments. Whilst these activities and communications. LOW RATING companies should be congratulated Little to no evidence that the for providing more information In total we received 10 replies, and company has more than a Code about their practices and products the other 30 were scored based of Conduct in place. The company than most, there is a long way to upon information available on their is making little effort towards being go before any of the companies website and in their annual reports. transparent about their supply included in this Index will be able to chain practices. fully answer #whomademyclothes. For the companies that did not reply, it is impossible for our researchers to know anything beyond what LOW-MIDDLE / they are communicating publicly HIGH-MIDDLE RATING online. Therefore these companies The company is making some may have received lower scores notable efforts on social and while companies who did fill out the environmental issues, but could questionnaire had the opportunity be doing much more. to tell us more and thus potentially score higher. Any company wishing to have their score updated may do so TOP RATING if new information is made available The company is making significant for our research team to investigate. efforts in the given areas, and This means that overall the has made some or most of this companies publishing the most information publicly available. information about their supply chain practices online or via other public communication channels will likely have received the higher scores. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 07 THE RESULTS

0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% LOW RATING LOW-MIDDLE HIGH-MIDDLE RATING TOP RATING

Chanel Ralph Lauren American Eagle H&M Hermes Polo Ralph Lauren Gildan Activewear Inditex Claire's Accessories URBN Uniqlo Levi Strauss & Co Forever 21 New Look Converse Gucci Nike LVMH Victoria's Secret PVH Monsoon Accessorize Hugo Boss Gap Prada J Crew Primark Michael Kors ASOS Aeropostale Burberry Under Armour Coach Lululemon Next Abercrombie & Fitch Arcadia Group Topshop Mango FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 08

THE RESULTS

continued COMMITMENTS & TRACKING TRACEABILITY & SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & AUDITS % REMEDIATION & ENGAGEMENT COLLABORATION GOVERNANCE QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE TOTAL POLICY & & POLICY % % % % % %

Chanel 0 0 29 0 0 10

Hermes 43 0 21 0 14 17

Claire's Accessories 29 0 29 0 14 17

Forever 21 14 0 43 0 14 19

Fendi 14 0 43 0 14 19

*, Céline, , Donna Karan, EDUN, , Fendi, , , , 14 0 43 0 14 LVMH Moynat, , Loro Piano, , Nicholas Kirkwood, , R.M. Williams 19

Monsoon Accessorize 29 11 29 10 14 20

Prada *Prada, Miu Miu, Church’s, Car Shoe, Marchesi 1824 43 22 7 20 29 21

Michael Kors 29 0 50 0 0 21

Aeropostale 29 11 43 0 14 24

Under Armour 29 0 43 10 29 25

Ralph Lauren *Including Club Monaco 57 0 57 0 29 33

Polo Ralph Lauren 57 0 57 0 29 33 FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 09

THE RESULTS continued COMMITMENTS & TRACKING TRACEABILITY & SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & AUDITS % REMEDIATION & ENGAGEMENT COLLABORATION GOVERNANCE QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE TOTAL POLICY & & POLICY % % % % % %

URBN *Urban Outfitters, Anthropologie, Free People, BHLDN, Terrain, Vetri Family 29 33 43 0 43 33

New Look 57 33 21 50 43 37

Gucci *part of the Kering group 64 33 29 10 43 38

Victoria's Secret 64 0 64 10 43 40

Hugo Boss 50 11 71 0 43 42

J Crew 57 22 57 10 43 42

ASOS 64 28 43 20 57 43

Burberry 64 6 50 20 71 43

Coach 57 11 64 0 57 43

Lululemon 71 39 50 20 29 44

Next 71 28 43 50 43 45

Abercrombie & Fitch 71 11 64 20 43 45

*Topshop, Burton Menswear, Dorothy Perkins, Evans, 64 50 50 10 57 Arcadia Group Miss Selfridge, Outfit, Topman, Wallis 49

Topshop 64 50 50 10 57 49 FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 10

THE RESULTS

continued COMMITMENTS & TRACKING TRACEABILITY & SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL & AUDITS % REMEDIATION & ENGAGEMENT COLLABORATION GOVERNANCE QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE TOTAL POLICY & & POLICY % % % % % %

Mango 57 33 64 40 43 50

American Eagle 57 28 79 30 43 52

Gildan Activewear 57 22 71 40 71 55

Uniqlo 79 11 71 40 71 56

Converse 79 39 57 20 86 57

Nike *Nike, Nike+, Jordan, Converse, Hurley 79 39 57 20 86 57

PVH *, , Van Heusen, , ARROW, , Warner's, Olga 64 44 79 40 43 58

Gap *Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Athleta, Intermix 100 44 71 50 57 65

Primark 86 56 64 60 71 67

Adidas 79 72 71 80 57 69

H&M *H&M, COS, Weekday, Monki, Cheap Monday, & Other Stories 79 83 71 80 71 76

Inditex *Zara, Bershka, Pull&Bear, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home,Uterqüe 79 61 93 80 100 76

Levi Strauss & Co *Levi’s, Dockers, Signature, Denizen 86 61 86 60 86 77 FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 11 THE RESULTS continued

42% 77% 10%

AVERAGE SCORE TOP SCORE BOTTOM SCORE

for the 40 brands Levis Strauss & Co Chanel we surveyed FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 12 A ROUGH GUIDE TO THE SCORING

0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100%

These companies have little to no These companies seem to be making These companies seem to be doing a Only three companies have scored information about their supply chain some efforts to manage and improve bit more than the others when it comes in this range. Levi Strauss & Co practices available to the public. their supply chains but make little to having policies and commitments scored highest with 77. They are Many of these companies seem to supply chain information publicly in place and auditing and reporting doing more than most other brands do little more than have a Code of available. These companies still have activities. Despite making some good to communicate publicly about their Conduct in place – whilst this might a long way to go towards supply efforts to monitor standards, these supply chain practices. They seem to have been best practice in the 1990s, chain transparency. companies seem to be lacking in many have many robust systems in place Corporate Responsibility has moved areas and offer some public supply for tracking, tracing, monitoring and on a great deal in the last twenty years. POSITIVE STEPS TAKEN: chain transparency but not enough. improving labour and environmental These companies appear to be those Policies and commitments in place practices across the supply chain. at the beginning of the road towards and some steps taken in other areas POSITIVE STEPS TAKEN: The other two companies to score a top best practice and transparency. Policy & commitment; rating are H&M and Inditex both come in ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT: auditing & reporting just one percentage point behind Levi's POSITIVE STEPS TAKEN: Auditing & reporting; tracking at 76%. However all the companies in Minimal & traceability; engagement & ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT: this section still have a long way to collaboration & governance; and Tracking & traceability; engagement go towards being fully transparent. ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT: more transparent communications. & collaboration; governance; and All areas more transparent communications. POSITIVE STEPS TAKEN: All areas

ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT: More stakeholder engagement; better tracing of products down to sources of raw material; and even more transparent communications with the public. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 13 WHAT DO THE RESULTS SHOW?

Strongest areas: POLICY & COMMITMENT AUDITING & REMEDIATION (4) maintains accountability standards and In this area, the majority of the companies Most companies provide information on audit procedures for employees or contractors that score well on having policies on procedures and schedules publicly, along fail to meet company standards regarding environmental and labour standards in place with some limited disclosure of audit results. slavery and human trafficking; and (5) and communicating them publicly. But there Levi Strauss & Co appears to publish the most provides employees and management is a noticeable absence of long-term thinking information about their monitoring practices training on slavery and human trafficking. in their sustainability strategies. and corrective action plans. A similar law has just come into effect in the UK, the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and applies Only three of the companies (Gap, Primark, Roughly 28% of companies do not to companies with an annual turnover of £36 Levi Strauss & Co.) appear to be looking to the communicate about taking any special million or more. However, most luxury brands future with clear long-range (2020 or beyond) measures to monitor the more difficult issues surveyed offer little to no public information aims, which include defined end-goals and in the supply chain (eg. improving conditions about how they monitor working conditions, quantified targets along the way – as well as for homeworkers, eliminating forced labour, with the exception of Burberry, Hugo Boss and an explicit commitment to transparency. or eradicating Sumangali practices, a form Michael Kors. of child labour), nor disclose in detail how H&M, Inditex and Nike (which includes they work with factories that show non- Converse) are the only other companies compliances in order to ensure they improve GOVERNANCE to publish quantifiable targets towards working conditions. 60% of companies surveyed appear to have a improving standards and performance system in place to monitor compliance with across the supply chain over time. However, Many companies surveyed have legal labour standards, and to continually improve they do not appear to communicate any obligations to monitor and disclose supply standards, with responsibility at the executive specific targets on transparency. chain issues via the California Transparency board level. in Supply Chains Act of 2010, which means Additionally, only a few companies a company must disclose on its website its show evidence of policies that target the initiatives to eradicate slavery and human engagement of suppliers further down trafficking from its direct supply chain for the supply chain, eg. engaging directly the goods offered for sale. A company with fabric mills. must disclose to what extent it: (1) engages in verification of product supply chains to evaluate and address risks of human trafficking and slavery; (2) conducts audits of suppliers; (3) requires direct suppliers to certify that materials incorporated into the product comply with the laws regarding slavery and human trafficking of the countries in which they are doing business;

FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 14 WHAT DO THE RESULTS SHOW?

Weakest areas: TRACKING & TRACEABILITY ENGAGEMENT & COLLABORATION A majority of companies (26) are involved with Just over half the companies (60%) surveyed Only 11 of the companies in the Index show at least a few of the eight MSIs that we looked seem to be making some efforts in this evidence of working with trade unions, civil for engagement with. But no company is a area, such as holding internal databases society or NGOs on the ground in supplier member of all eight initiatives. 14 companies of their cut-make-trim (CMT) suppliers countries to improve working conditions. surveyed, mostly luxury brands, do not – the 'first tier' of the supply chain. Trade unions in particular are vital in providing appear to engage with any of them at all, garment workers with the means to demand showing a lack of industry collaboration on Only five brands (Adidas, H&M, Levi Strauss better working conditions and pay from social and environmental issues. & Co, Nike – which includes Converse) their employers. reflect best practice in holding a publicly GOVERNANCE available list of all or the vast majority of The Engagement & Collaboration part of the 19 of the companies surveyed (40%) do not their CMT suppliers. 24 companies state Index also looks at membership of Multi- appear to have a system in place to monitor that they track their suppliers and/or their Stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs). MSIs bring compliance with labour standards and to locations, but do not publish this information together lots of different stakeholders in order continually improve standards, both at Board publicly. 12 companies appear not to track to find common solutions to problems, such level (eg. an executive corporate responsibility the first tier of their supply chain, or at least as the Ethical Trading Initiative, Sustainable committee) and at departmental level this information is not publicly available. Apparel Coalition, Textile Exchange and others. (eg. a Social Responsibility team). Human rights and environmental protection should be the Only two companies (Adidas and H&M) publish Our list of MSIs includes the Bangladesh responsibility of company executives as well as details of their second-tier suppliers (fabric Accord, an initiative set up in the wake of at department level. In addition 15 companies and yarn mills or subcontractors). However, the Rana Plaza factory collapse, working to (38%) show no evidence of incorporating labour the majority of the 40 companies surveyed ensure improved health and safety standards standards into buying practices. appear to have little (30% of companies in Bangladesh's garment factories. Given that surveyed) or nothing (53%) in place to Bangladesh is the world's second largest We are also surprised by the large number of demonstrate that they monitor where raw garment exporter, many of the companies companies (30%) that do not appear to have materials and other resources (such as zips included in the Index are likely to be sourcing whistleblowing or confidential complaint and other component parts) come from. from the country. In this Index we considered mechanisms in place for workers in their participation in the Accord important. supply chain, or at least none that they The ‘second tier’ of the supply chain mention publicly. This means that workers (and third, fourth, etc.) seems to remain However, not every company in this Index will may have little chance to speak up about largely unknown territory for most be sourcing from Bangladesh but because poor conditions or abuse, or may not be able companies surveyed. most do not publish their factory lists we do to do so without fear of repercussion. not know which companies are sourcing from this country. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 15 POSITIVE EXAMPLES

'SUPPLIER CLUSTERS' WORKING WITH NGOS INTEGRATED REPORTING GOING BEYOND 1ST TIER AND TRADE UNIONS Inditex has 10 supplier clusters in the Kering Group (the company that Gap partnered with 20 strategic geographic areas in which it has a Gildan works with the Maquila owns Gucci) has developed a tool mills in , India, Pakistan and larger and stronger presence: Spain, Solidarity Network - a labour to measure and calculate the Taiwan to conduct environmental Portugal, Morocco and Turkey (these and women's rights advocacy financial value of its environmental assessments using the Sustainable four countries comprise about 60% organisation that promotes solidarity impacts throughout its supply chain Apparel Coalition’s Higg Index and of the company's supply chain); with grassroots groups in Mexico, – known as Environmental Profit & has since expanded the programme India, South East Asia, Bangladesh, Central America and Asia, and Loss. Its 2013 report revealed that to include 20 more strategic mills China, Brazil and Argentina. These works to improve conditions in 93% of the Group’s environmental in 2015. clusters covered 91% of Inditex’s maquiladora factories and export impact falls within its supply production in 2014 and "are processing zones. The company chain. In 2015 Kering made the regularly consistently under review". says: “Through dialogue with MSN, EP&L methodology open-source. Through these clusters, Inditex we have applied their input in the works with trade unions, NGOs development of a remediation PUBLISHING LIFECYCLE and civil society on labour rights. plan following the closure of our ANALYSIS RESEARCH El Progreso plant in Honduras. Since then, Gildan has been Levi Strauss & Co has set itself the PUBLISHING FACTORY LISTS working collaboratively with the goal to increase the percentage Adidas publishes a list of MSN regarding labour practices of its own products made with subcontractors (eg. specialist and freedom of association at its Water

Some companies are taking steps Overall, every brand should be Going forward Big global brands have in the right direction, Levi Strauss & doing more to communicate with a lot of work to do to Co, H&M and Inditex offer the most the public about their strategies Fashion Revolution will information about their policies, and performance on social and encourage brands to show their commitment strategies and performance on social environmental issues throughout the and environmental issues throughout supply chain. But the luxury brands publish more details to transparency. the supply chain. However, there is are the biggest laggards; most about the suppliers a lot they don’t tell the public too, publish nothing more than a Code they work with, and especially when you look past the of Conduct. first-tier. we will celebrate Going forward Fashion Revolution will Publishing supplier lists for the encourage brands to publish more them when they do. first-tier is possible; some brands details about the suppliers they work have done it but not nearly enough. with, and we will celebrate them Inditex says it doesn’t publish its when they do. factory list for commercial reasons, but we have to move beyond that We would also like to see brands line of thinking. If H&M, Adidas, Nike put in place sustainability and Levi’s can do it and remain strategies, covering both social and profitable then other companies environmental improvements, with can too. This is an important first clearer long-term goals that include step to ensure that brands are timelines, quantifiable targets and an accountable to their stakeholders explicit commitment towards greater and to their customers - those asking transparency. This shows that brands #whomademyclothes now number are serious about doing more for the in the millions. people who make their products. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 17 GET INVOLVED SHOW YOUR LABEL ______

ASK THE BRAND #WHOMADEMYCLOTHES?

We further invite brands and This Index is a living retailers over £36 million annual turnover to volunteer to be document and is open included in future editions of to comments and the Fashion Transparency Index. Next year we aim to include contributions from 100 brands and retailers in this researchers, NGOs Index. and unions. If you are a consumer and would like to see another brand We also invite the 40 companies on the Fashion Transparency scored in this Index to provide Index, let them know on social further information in order media or write to them. Don’t to update their score. Where forget to use the companies did not respond to #whomademyclothes. our questionnaire, we were only able to assign marks based on the information we could find on the company’s website or publicly available elsewhere. As such, the scoring is likely to evolve over time when new information becomes available. FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 18 REFERENCE & APPENDIX

To see the full methodology 10 brand questionnaires completed Reuters (9 July 2013). Bangladesh and research behind the in March 2016. garment sales soar despite deadly incidents. Retrieved: scores, please visit: Business Insider (6 July 2015). The top www.reuters.com/article/us- 10 clothing companies in America. bangladesh-economy-exports- www.ethicalconsumer.org/ Retrieved: uk.businessinsider.com/ idUSBRE96806020130709 ethicalcampaigns/fashionrevolution the-10-biggest-apparel-companies- in-the-us-2015-7?r=US&IR=T Statista (2015). Brand value of the leading 10 apparel brands California Transparency in Supply worldwide in 2015. Retrieved: Chains Act of 2010. Retrieved: www.statista.com/statistics/267931/ www.state.gov/documents/ brand-value-of-the-leading-10- organization/164934.pdf apparel-brands-worldwide/

Chain Store Guide. The Top 100 The Bangladesh Accord on Fire Apparel Specialty Stores Ranked and Building Safety. Retrieved: by Industry Sales. Retrieved: bangladeshaccord.org www.chainstoreguide.com/static_ content/pdf/Apparel_Top_100.pdf The Richest (17 December 2013). 10 Most Powerful Luxury Brands Millward Brown (2015). BrandZ Top in the World. Retrieved: 100 Most Valuable Global Brands. www.therichest.com/expensive- Retrieved: www.millwardbrown.com/ lifestyle/fashion/10-most-powerful- BrandZ/2015/Global/2015_BrandZ_ luxury-fashion-brands-in-the- Top100_Chart.pdf world/?view=all

Modern Slavery Act 2015, United The UK Fashion Spot (1 July 2014). Kingdom. Retrieved: www.legislation. The 5 Most Valuable gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30/contents/ Brands. Retrieved: enacted www.theukfashionspot.co.uk/runway- news/422009-the-most-valuable- fast-fashion-brands/ FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 19 ABOUT THIS REPORT

The research was carried out by This report was co-written by Bryony This research was Bryony Moore, Ethical Consumer Moore at Ethical Consumer and Sarah research associate, with additional Ditty; and designed by Heather Knight. designed by Ethical input from Tim Hunt (Ethical Thanks for further input from Carry Consumer in partnership Consumer) and Sarah Ditty Somers at Fashion Revolution and (Fashion Revolution). the entire Fashion Revolution Global with Fashion Revolution. Coordination Team.

FASHION REVOLUTION is a global movement that ETHICAL CONSUMER is a research co-operative wants to radically change the way fashion is made, with a mission to make business more sustainable sourced and consumed. We believe in an industry that through consumer action. For over 25 years we values people, the environment, creativity and profit have been the heart of the ethical consumer in equal measure. We have teams in 89 countries movement, helping consumers to shop ethically, that want to see fashion become a force for good. campaigners to challenge corporate power and businesses to improve their supply chain. www.fashionrevolution.org www.ethicalconsumer.org @Fash_Rev @ec_magazine Fash_rev facebook.com/ethicalconsumermagazine facebook.com/fashionrevolution.org